419

Index

A esophageal 218 Anorchidism 376 gallbladder 165 Aorta 364–366 A-mode imaging 97 gastric 220 abdominal aneurysm (AAA) AAA (abdominal aortic aneurysm) metastasis 142 20–21, 364, 366 20–21, 364, 366 pancreatic 149, 225 dissection 364, 366 Abdominal wall Adenofibroma, breast 263 perforation 366 abscess 300–301 Adenoma pseudoaneurysm 364 diagnostic evaluation 297 adrenal 214 Aortic rupture 20 hematoma 73, 300, 305 colorectal 231, 232 Aplasia, muscular 272 rectus sheath 297–300 duodenal papilla 229, 231 Appendicitis 1–4 hernia 300, 302–304 gallbladder 165 consequences for surgical indications for sonography 297 hepatic 54, 58, 141 treatment 2 seroma 298, 300, 305 multiple 141 sonographic criteria 1 trauma 297–300 parathyroid 213 Archiving 418 Abortion, tubal 30 renal 241 Arteriosclerosis 346, 348 Abscess thyroid 202–203 carotid artery 335, 337, 338 abdominal wall 300–301 Adenomyomatosis 8, 164, 165 plaque 337, 338, 345, 367, 370 causes 301 Adrenal glands 214–216 Arteriovenous (AV) malformation amebic 138 adenoma 214 139, 293, 326–329 breast 264 carcinoma 214 Artery chest wall 173, 178 cyst 214 carotid 334–339 diverticular 120, 123 hematoma 214 aneurysm 338 drainage 85–88, 93 hemorrhage 214 arteriosclerosis 335 hepatic 6, 138, 398 hyperplasia 214 plaque characteristics inflammatory bowel disease limpoma/myelipoma 214 337, 338, 345 116, 119 metastases 214 bifurcation 334, 337 intramural 5 sonographic criteria 214 bulb 339 183, 186, 190 tuberculosis 214 dissection 338, 339, 346 pancreatic 11 Advanced dynamic flow (ADF) sonographic assessment pararenal 244 410 336, 338 pericecal 1, 2 Aliasing 307, 363 stenosis 334, 335–340, 345 postoperative 74, 300–301 Alimentary tract duplications classification 337 prostatic 246 375–376 stages 339 pyogenic 138, 398 Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) 143 tumor 340, 345 renal 244 Amebiasis 398 celiac trunk 366–367 soft tissue 291 Amebic abscess 138 femoral sonographic criteria 89 Amplitude modulation 415 aneurysm 326 splenic 154, 155, 158 Analgesia 80 stenosis 330, 332 tubo-ovarian 27 Aneurysm 326–329 fibular 325 typical localizations 85 abdominal aortic (AAA) 20–21, gastroduodenal 145 Absorption 96 364, 366 hepatic 125 Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) 80 carotid 338 dilatation 130 Achalasia 232 fusiform 327 iliac 324 Achilles tendon hemodialysis shunt complica- mesenteric 366–367 peritendonitis 274, 276 tion 252 inferior 366 rupture 273 mesenteric artery 367 superior 366, 367 Acromioclavicular joint 276–279 popliteal 326, 329 peripheral see Peripheral arteries arthritis 277 saccular 327 popliteal 324–325, 329 separation 277, 279 Angiomyolipoma 293 aneurysm 326 Acute renal failure 243 hepatic 142, 241 entrapment 331 Adenocarcinoma 60 Ankle 290 stenosis 330, 332 biliary tree 228 Ankle brachial index (ABI) 330 renal 368–370

Mantke, Peitz, Surgical Ultrasound (ISBN 9783131318716), 2007 Georg Thieme Verlag KG 420 Index

Artery, subclavian 339, 340 B Breast 257–270 stenosis 339, 340, 345 anatomy 259 tibial B-mode imaging 97–98, 336 benign tumors 263 anterior 325 Bakers cysts 287, 292 fibroadenoma 262–263 posterior 325 Barretts esophagus 218 biopsy 268, 269 vertebral 339, 340, 346 Beam width artifact 104 carcinoma 257, 266–268 Arthritis 291 Beckwith–Wiedemann syn- metastases 142 acromioclavicular joint 277 drome 383 cyst 260–261 cubital 282 Benign prostatic hyperplasia juvenile 260, 261 rheumatoid 291 (BPH) 246 diagnostic evaluation 257–258 septic 291 Biceps tendon equipment 258 sternoclavicular joint 280, 282 dislocation 277 focal findings 260 Arthrosonography tear 277, 279 indications for sonography 257 acromioclavicular joint 276–279 tendonitis 277 interventional techniques 268 ankle 290 Bile duct mastitis 264–265 elbow 282–283 atresia 169 needle aspiration 269 hand 283 common 159 Brescia–Cimino hemodialysis hip 284–286 congenital anomalies 169 shunt 252 humeroscapular joint 276–279 cyst 169 Bruises 271, 298 knee 286–289 dilatation 147 Budd–Chiari syndrome sternoclavicular joint 280–282 hypoplasia 169 133–134 sternum 280–282 obstruction 166–168 Bulls eye sign 142 Artifacts 102–107 causes 167 Bursitis 274, 276 beam width 104 cholecystitis 6 knee 286, 287, 289 comet-tail 105 stones 162, 167, 232 olecranon 282, 283 edge shadowing 103 tumors 166–168, 228 subacromial 277, 279 electronic noise 104 hamartoma 142 flow 107 Biliary system 158–169 mirror image 105 cholangitis 163 C posterior enhancement 103 diagnostic evaluation 158–159 posterior shadowing 102 indications for sonography 158 Calcification reverberation 104 laparoscopic intraoperative adrenal 214 side-lobe 106 sonography 50–51 arterial wall 331 transit time 106 tumors 228 goiter 193 Ascites 8 see also Bile duct; Cholecystitis; parenchymal 147 appendix and 1 Gallbladder rotator cuff 277, 292 gastric cancer 220 Biloma 73 splenic 154, 155 pancreatitis 10 drainage 89, 93 thyroid nodules 199 portal hypertension 132 sonographic criteria 89 Calculi see Stones Asepsis 80 Biopsy Cannulation, central venous 75 Aspiration aspiration biopsy 82–83 Carcinoid, ectopic pancreatic biopsies 82–83 breast 268, 269 tissue 223 breast 268, 269 solid lesions 83 Carcinoma complication rates 84 Bladder see Urinary bladder adrenal 214 pathological fluid collections 82 Bleeding see Hemorrhage bile duct 166–168 technique 79–80 Bone tumors 292–295 bladder 245 see also Drainage Bowel breast 257, 266–268 183, 187, 190 loops of 302 cholangiocarcinoma 58 Atheroma 305 obstruction see Intussusception; colorectal 231, 232 Atresia, bile duct 169 Mechanical bowel obstruction duodenal papilla 229, 231 Augmentation test 313 (MBO) esophageal 48, 218 Autoimmune disease trauma 44 metastasis 50, 218 hyperthyroidism 195 see also Colorectal cancer; gallbladder 8, 160, 161, 166 hypothyroidism 197–198 gastric 48, 220 thyroiditis 197–198 Bowel wall metastasis 50 Automatic image optimization 417 374 hepatocellular (HCC) 52, 58, Automatic measurements 417–418 hematoma 25–27 143–145

Mantke, Peitz, Surgical Ultrasound (ISBN 9783131318716), 2007 Georg Thieme Verlag KG Index 421

contrast-enhanced sonography Cirrhosis 130–131 Cruveilhier–Baumgarten 391, 392, 401–402 hepatocellular carcinoma risk syndrome 132 pancreatic 48, 60, 149–152, 225 and 143 Cryosurgery consequences for surgical Cockade 109 complications 64–65 treatment 152 Colitis, ulcerative 116 hepatic metastases 64–65 metastasis 50, 142 Color flow Doppler imaging primary liver tumors 64–65 sonographic criteria 150 (CFDI) 99, 307 Cryptorchidism 376–377 parathyroid 213 high-resolution 409–410 Cyst renal cell 241 parallel signal processing adrenal gland 214 staging laparoscopy 48 409–410 Bakers 287, 292 thyroid 207–208 wideband Doppler bile duct 169 Carcinomatosis techniques 410 breast 260–261 peritoneal 8, 113 indications for 314, 324 juvenile 260, 261 pleural 218 intra-abdominal arteries 363–370 choledochal 169 Cardiac tamponade 69 peripheral arterial occlusive disease dermoid 379 Caroli disease 162, 169 (PAOD) 333–334 drainage 88, 93 Catheter, suprapubic 75–76 renal arteries 368 epidermoid 379 Celiac trunk 366–367 supra-aortic vessels 334–346 goiter and 193 Central venous cannulation 75 techniques 363 hepatic 53, 136 Charcots triad 163 Colorectal cancer 231 dysontogenetic 136 Chest metastases 52, 58, 66, 142, 145 polycystic liver disease 136 indications for sonography 173 Comet-tail artifact 105 hydatid 84, 137, 138 178–183 Compartment syndrome 272 ovarian 29 Compounding 408–409 torsion 29 183–190 Compression testing 310, 312, 313 pancreatic see also Lung Congenital anomalies indications for resection 152 Chest wall bile duct 169 postnecrotic 59 abscess 178 muscle 272 retention 59 cancer 178 Continuous wave (CW) Doppler popliteal 287 sonographic findings 176 imaging 98, 307 renal 239 hematoma 178 Contrast agents 389, 390, 414–416 atypical 239 masses 173–178 detection of 414–416 polycystic kidney disease 240 consequences for surgical destructive techniques 415 splenic 155, 158 treatment 178 real-time techniques 415–416 thyroid gland 204–205 Cholangiocarcinoma 58, 167 Contrast harmonic imaging 308 complicated 204 Cholangiolithiasis 162 Contrast-enhanced sonogra- hemorrhagic 204 Cholangitis 163 phy 389–404 serous/colloid 204 acute 163 infarction 403–404 Cystadenocarcinoma chronic 163 liver lesions 391–402 metastases 142 Cholecystitis fatty liver disease 396–397 pancreatic 152, 225 acute 5–8, 70, 165 focal nodular hyperplasia mucinous 225 acalculous (stress-related) 70 (FNH) 393–396 Cystadenoma 60 consequences for surgical hemangioma 392–393 biliary 142 treatment 6, 70 hepatocellular carcinoma pancreatic 152, 153 intensive care unit setting 70 401–402 Cystic neoplasia 225 sonographic criteria 5–6 metastases 399–400 Cystitis 245 chronic 163–164, 165 pyogenic abscess 398 emphysematous 6, 164 practical considerations 390 pyogenic abscess and 398 see also Ultrasonic contrast D Cholecystolithiasis 162 imaging Choledochal cyst 169 Contusion 1.5D matrix transducers 411–412 Choledocholithiasis 51 muscular 271, 272 De Quervain thyroiditis 209, 210 Cholelithiasis 5, 160 pancreatic 40, 41 Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) 311, 318 see also Gallstones renal 42, 43 venous insufficiency 321 Cholesterolosis 164, 165 Corona phlebectatica see also Venous thrombosis Chondrosarcoma 293 paraplantaris 318 Dermoid cyst 379 Chronic venous insufficiency 318 Crohn disease 116 Desmoid 293

Mantke, Peitz, Surgical Ultrasound (ISBN 9783131318716), 2007 Georg Thieme Verlag KG 422 Index

Destructive contrast imaging Ectopic pregnancy 30 Fibrosis techniques 415 Edema breast 259 Diaphragm, rupture 44 abdominal wall 305 hepatic 128 Diffuse liver disease see Liver bowel wall 374 pancreatic 60, 147 Digital beamformers 407 cholecystitis 6 thyroiditis 211 Digital documentation 418 global 8 Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) Digital imaging and communication muscular contusion 271 82, 83, 84 in medicine (DICOM) 418 pancreatic trauma 41 breast 268, 269 Dissection pancreatitis 9, 10 complication rates 84 aortic 364, 366 vascular insufficiency 318 endosonography-guided 217 carotid 338, 339, 346 Edge shadowing 103 Fistula mesenteric 367 Effusion arteriovenous (AV) 326–329 Diverticula ankle 290 diverticular 120, 123 bladder 245 elbow 282, 283 inflammatory bowel disease intestinal 120 hand joints 283 116, 119 Diverticulitis 120–123 hip joint 284, 286 mechanical bowel obstruction 116 consequences for surgical knee 287, 289 Flow artifacts 107 treatment 123 pericardial 69 Fluid collection, postoperative sonographic criteria 120 see also Pleural effusion 300–301 Documentation 101 Elbow 282–283 Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) digital 418 Embolism, pulmonary 183, 186, 54, 58, 135, 140, 141 Doppler imaging 98–99 190, 311 contrast-enhanced sonography continuous wave (CW) Empyema 391, 392, 393–396 Doppler 98, 307 gallbladder 5 Focused assessment by sonography power Doppler 99, 307 lung 186 for trauma (FAST) 33 pulsed wave (PW) Doppler pleural 68 Focusing 100 99, 307 drainage 89 Foreign body spectral imaging 307, 336 Endosonography (EUS) 217–218 granuloma 305 see also color flow Doppler imaging Enhancement, posterior 103 hands 283 (CFDI) Epidermoid cyst 379 Four dimensional imaging 413 Doppler shift 98 Epididymis 235 Fracture Double-barrel shotgun sign 159 Epididymitis 248, 251 femoral 284, 286 Drainage 85–93 with hydrocele 248 rib 46, 173, 178 abscess 85–88, 93 Epigastrium 123 sonographic signs 174 biloma 89, 93 Esophageal cancer 218–219 sternum 173, 178, 280, 282 complications 88 metastasis 50, 218 Free air, gastrointestinal 18 consequences for surgical staging laparoscopy 48 Free fluid, intra-abdominal treatment 93 18, 35–37 cyst 88, 93 consequences for surgical indications 85, 88–89 F treatment 35 pleural effusion/empyema 89 sonographic criteria 35 sonographic criteria 89 Fallopian tube Frequency compounding 409 see also Aspiration ectopic pregnancy 30 Duodenum rupture 30 hematoma 25 tubo-ovarian abscess 27 G major papilla tumors 229–231 Familial adenomatous polyposis ulceration 111–112 (FAP) 231 Gallbladder Duplex sonography 99, 363 Fatty liver 129 aspiration 84 contrast-enhanced sonography carcinoma 8, 160, 161, 166 396–397 cholesterolosis 165 E Femoral neck fractures 284, 286 diagnostic evaluation 158–159 Fibroadenoma, breast 262–263 hydrops 5, 160 Echinococcus granulosus 137 Fibrolipoma, breast 263 polyps 160, 165, 166 Echinococcus multilocularis Fibrolipomatosis 145 porcelain 160, 163, 164 138 Fibroma 293, 305 sludge within 5, 159–160 Echogenic halo 1 breast 263 trauma 42 Eclipse sign 393 renal 241 tumors 165

Mantke, Peitz, Surgical Ultrasound (ISBN 9783131318716), 2007 Georg Thieme Verlag KG Index 423

Gallbladder, tumors, lymphoma 8 H pancreatitis 147 varices 8, 165 postoperative 71–73 wall thickening 5, 8 Hamartoma 46 see also Cholecystitis bile duct 142 Henoch–Schnlein purpura 374 Gallstones 5, 158, 159–161 mesenchymal 142 Heparin 80 bowel obstruction 14 Hand 283 Hepatitis carcinoma risk and 160, 161 Harmonic imaging 308, 407–408 acute 8 consequences for surgical Hashimoto thyroiditis 197 hepatocellular carcinoma and 143 treatment 161 Hemangioendothelioma, Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) encrusted 164 infantile 142 52, 58, 143–145 pancreatitis and 10 Hemangioma 293 contrast-enhanced sonogra- sonographic criteria 160 cavernous 381, 382 phy 391, 392, 401–402 Ganglia 283 cutaneous 381, 382 Hepatomegaly 128, 134, 142 Gastric antrum, dilated 14 hepatic 53, 139, 141, 391, 392–393 Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal Gastric cancer see Stomach pediatric 381–382 cancer (HNPCC) 231 Gastrinoma 60, 153 splenic 155 Hernia 302 Gastrointestinal stromal tumor Hematolymphangioma 380 abdominal wall 300, 302–304 (GIST) 223 Hematoma direct 302 Gastrointestinal tract 109–112 abdominal wall 73, 300, 305 indirect 302 alimentary tract duplications rectus sheath hematoma inguinal 378 375–376 297–300 muscular 272 chronic inflammatory bowel adrenal gland 214 strangulation 302, 304 disease 116–119 ankle 290 synovial 287, 289 colorectal cancer 231 bowel wall 25–27 High-frequency transducers 411 diagnostic evaluation 109–111 consequences for surgical Hip 284–286 diverticulitis 120–123 treatment 25 arthroplasty 284 indications for sonography 109 sonographic criteria 25 effusion 284, 286 obstruction see Mechanical bowel chest wall 173, 178 Histiocytoma, fibrous 293 obstruction (MBO) duodenal 25 malignant 293 peptic ulceration 111–112 following renal transplantation Humeroscapular joint 276–279 perforation 18–19, 44 352 Hydatid disease 84, 137, 138 consequences for surgical gallbladder 42 alveolar 138 treatment 18 hemodialysis shunt complication Hydrocele 248 diverticulitis 120, 123 252, 255 with epididymitis 248 sonographic criteria 18 hepatic 39 Hydrometra 27 tumors 113–115 mesenteric 44 Hydronephrosis, obstructive 236 major duodenal papilla muscular injury 271 Hydrops, gallbladder 160 229–230 pancreatic 40, 41 Hydrosalpinx 27 submucosal 223–224 postoperative 71–73 Hyperplasia see also Biliary system; Bowel; renal 42 adrenal 214 Pancreas; Stomach retroperitoneal 45 benign prostatic (BPH) 246 Glomerulonephritis 243 sonographic criteria 89 see also Focal nodular hyperplasia Glucagonoma 60, 153 splenic 38 (FNH) Goiter 193–195 vascular surgery and 333 Hypersplenism 155 consequences for surgical Hematuria Hypertension treatment 195 bladder disease 245 portal 8, 131–132 nodular 199, 206 diffuse renal parenchymal renovascular 368 sonographic criteria 193 disease 243 Hyperthyroidism 206, 213 Granuloma 305 renal trauma 42 autoimmune 195 Graves disease 195–197 renal tumors 241 Hypertrophy consequences for surgical Hemodialysis following renal transplanta- treatment 197 flow volume measurement tion 349 sonographic criteria 195 252, 255 myochosis 120 shunt complications 252–256 Hypokalemic-hypochloremic Hemorrhage metabolic alkalosis 371 abdominal 298 Hypoplasia adrenal gland 214 bile duct 169

Mantke, Peitz, Surgical Ultrasound (ISBN 9783131318716), 2007 Georg Thieme Verlag KG 424 Index

Hypoplasia, muscular 272 pleural effusion 67–68 J vertebral artery 340 postoperative bleeding 71–73 Hypoproteinemia 8 suprapubic catheter placement 75 Jaundice, obstructive 158, 229 Hypothyroidism, autoimmune Interventional sonography 77–93 Jumpers knee 274, 276 197–198 analgesia and sedation 80 asepsis 80 aspiration technique 79–80 K I diagnostic aspiration/biopsy 81–84 Kasabach–Merritt syndrome 139 Ileus, paralytic 14–17 aspiration biopsies 82–83 Kidney 233 consequences for surgical aspiration of fluid collections 82 abscess 244 treatment 15 cooperation with pathologist 84 biopsy 82–83 sonographic criteria 14 histopathological result 83 cyst 239 Image averaging artifact 104 needles 81 atypical 239 Image optimization 100–101 risks 83 polycystic kidney disease 240 automatic 417 minimization of 83–84 diffuse renal parenchymal new technologies 407–412 solid lesion biopsy 83 disease 243 high-resolution color Doppler drainage 85–93 failure 8, 243 imaging 409–410 consequences for surgical infarction 403 panoramic imaging 412–413 treatment 93 renal arteries 368–370 real-time compounding sonographic criteria 89 transplantation 349–352 408–409 special indications 88–89 consequences for surgical tissue harmonic imaging imaging modality 77 treatment 352 407–408 needle visualization 77 sonographic assessment 349 transducer technology patient preparation 80 surgical technique 349 advances 411–412 sonographic guidance techni- trauma 42–43 see also Artifacts ques 78–79 kidney injury scale 42 Infantile hemangioendo- Intestine see Bowel; Gastrointestinal tumors 241–242 thelioma 142 tract Klatskins tumor 166, 168, 228 Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis Intraductal papillary mucinous tumor Knee 286–289 (IHPS) 371–372 (IPMT) 225 Infarction 403–404 Intramural abscess 5 kidney 403 Intraoperative sonography (IOS) L liver 403 cryosurgery 64–66 splenic 155, 403 indications 47 Lap-belt complex 298, 300 Inflammation laparoscopic IOS Laparoscopic intraoperative abscess 74 biliary tree 50–51 sonography (IOS) cholecystitis 70 carcinoma staging 48 biliary tree 50–51 diverticulitis 120 liver 52–58 carcinoma staging 48 mastitis 264 protocol 53 Leiomyoma 223 musculoskeletal 291 pancreas 59–63 Leiomyosarcoma 223 bursitis 274 thermal ablation 65–66 Leukemia, liver involvement 143 tendonitis 274 Intravascular sonography Ligamentous tears peptic ulcer 111 (IVUS) 346–348 ankle 290 see also specific conditions Intussusception 372–373 knee 287 Inflammatory bowel disease, terminology 372 Lipoma 293, 305 chronic 116–119 Ischemia adrenal 214 Inguinal hernia 378 intestinal 21–24 breast 263 Insulin-dependent diabetes consequences for surgical hepatic 142 mellitus 359 treatment 22 submucosal 223 Insulinoma 60, 153 sonographic criteria 21 Liposarcoma 293 Intensive care unit (ICU) 67 peripheral arterial occlusive Liver 123–145 abscess 74 disease 330 abscess 6, 138, 398 biloma 73 vertebrobasilar 339 adenoma 54, 58, 141 central venous cannulation 75 anatomy 123–127 cholecystitis 70 segmentation 52, 126 pericardial effusion 69 biopsy 82

Mantke, Peitz, Surgical Ultrasound (ISBN 9783131318716), 2007 Georg Thieme Verlag KG Index 425

bright 128, 129 Lung lung 183, 190 Budd–Chiari syndrome 133–134 abscess 183, 186, 190 lymph node 218, 266 cirrhosis 130–131, 143 cancer 183, 190 rib 173, 174, 178 cyst 53, 136 metastasis 142 splenic 155 dysontogenetic 136 consolidation 183–190 thoracic wall 173 polycystic liver disease 136 empyema 186 thyroid gland 212 diagnostic evaluation 123–128 metastases 183, 190 Metastasis diffuse liver disease 128 Lymph node metastases 218, 266 breast cancer 142 differential diagnosis 128 Lymphadenitis 116 colorectal cancer 52, 58, 66, failure 8 mesenteric 1 142, 145 fatty liver 129, 396–397 Lymphadenopathy esophageal carcinoma 50, 218 focal liver disease 134–136 gastrointestinal cancer gastric carcinoma 50 characteristics 392 113, 115, 220 lung cancer 142 contrast-enhanced thyroid 213 melanoma 142 sonography 391–396 Lymphangioma 380–381 pancreatic carcinoma 50, 142 focal fatty infiltration 53 cavernous 380 Microhematuria 243 focal nodular hyperplasia cystic 380 Mirizzi syndrome 163 (FNH) 54, 58, 135, 140, 141, simplex 380 Mirror image artifact 105 391–396 Lymphoma 293 Multiplanar reslicing (MPR) 413 hemangioma 53, 139, 141, 391, gallbladder 8 Multiple endocrine neoplasia 392–393 gastric 220, 222 (MEN I) 153 hepatocellular carcinoma liver involvement 143 Murphys sign 5 (HCC) 52, 58, 143–145 MALT 113 Muscle 271 contrast-enhanced sonography non-Hodgkin, adrenal congenital abnormalities 272 391, 392, 401–402 involvement 214 myopathies 272 hydatid disease 137, 138 splenic 155 Muscular injuries 271–272 alveolar 138 compartment syndrome 272 indications for sonography 123 contusion 271, 272 infarction 403 M hernia 272 intraoperative sonography 52–58 strain 271, 272 consequences for surgical M-mode imaging 98 tears 271–272 treatment 58 Macrohematuria 245 abdominal wall 298, 300 protocol 53 MALT lymphoma 113 complete 272, 298 sensitivity and specificity 53 Mammary ducts 259 partial 271 sonographic criteria 53–54 Mammography 257 Myelipoma, adrenal 214 malignant masses 143–145 Mastitis 264–265 Myenburgs complexes 142 metastases 50, 52, 54, 58, Mastopathy 263 Myochosis 120 142, 145 Mechanical bowel obstruction Myopathy 272 contrast-enhanced sonogra- (MBO) 14–17 Myositis ossificans 292 phy 391, 392, 399–400 consequences for surgical Myxoma 293 cryosurgery 64–65 treatment 15 thermal ablation 64 sonographic criteria 14 passive hepatic congestion 134 Mechanical index (MI) 415 N portal hypertension 131–132 Melanoma metastases 142 primary tumors 54, 58 Menghini needle 81 Needle aspiration see Aspiration cryosurgery 64–65 Meniscal degeneration, knee 287 Needle guides 78–79 thermal ablation 65 Meniscal tears, knee 287, 289 Needle track 83–84 transplantation 353–358 Mesenchymal hamartoma 142 Needles 81 consequences for surgical Mesenteric injury 44 visualization 77 treatment 358 Metastases Nephritis 243 sonographic assessment 354 adrenal gland 214 Nephroblastoma (Wilms tumor) trauma 39–40 bone 293 383–384 liver injury scale 39 hepatic 50, 52, 54, 58, 142, 145 Nephrolithiasis 237–238 tumors 54, 58, 64–65, 139–145 contrast-enhanced sonography Neuroblastoma 384–386 Loose bodies 391, 392, 399–400 Nodules, thyroid gland ankle 290 cryosurgery 64–65 adenomatous (colloid) 199–201 knee 287 thermal ablation 65 with cystic changes 206

Mantke, Peitz, Surgical Ultrasound (ISBN 9783131318716), 2007 Georg Thieme Verlag KG 426 Index

Noise, electronic 104 consequences for surgical peripheral arterial occlusive disease Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory treatment 11 (PAOD) 330–332 drugs (NSAIDs) 80 edematous 9, 11 classification 330 Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis necrotizing 9, 10, 11 color flow Doppler imaging (NASH) 396 sonographic criteria 9–10 333–334 Nyquist frequency 99 alcoholic 10, 147 femoropopliteal 332 chronic 59, 63, 145, 147–149, 232 reconstructive vascular surgery segmental focal 225 333–334 O intraoperative sonography 59 pseudoaneurysms 326–329 Panner disease 282, 283 Peripheral veins 308, 309–310 Omental cap 1, 2 Panoramic imaging 412–413 chronic venous insufficiency 318 Omentum 302 Papilloma, breast 260, 261 postphlebitic syndrome Orchitis 248 Parallel signal processing 409–410 (PPS) 318–321 Osgood–Schlatter disease 287, 289 Pararenal abscess 244 thrombosis 311–318 Osteochondroma 292, 293, 295 Parathyroid glands 213 varicose veins 318, 321–323 Osteomyelitis 291 Patellar tendonitis 274 see also specific veins Osteosarcoma 293 Pediatric surgery 371–388 Peristalsis assessment 14 Ovarian neoplasms 29 alimentary tract duplications Peritendonitis, Achilles tendon 375–376 274, 276 dermoid cyst 379 Peritoneal carcinomatosis 8, 113 P epidermoid cyst 379 Peritonitis hemangioma 381–382 cholecystitis and 5 Pancreas 145–154 Henoch–Schnlein purpura 374 gastrointestinal perforation and aging 145 indications for sonography 371 18 anatomy 145–146 infantile hypertrophic pyloric and 21 biopsy 84 stenosis (IHPS) 371–372 pancreatitis and 10 carcinoma 60, 149–152, 225 inguinal hernia 378 pelvic inflammatory disease consequences for surgical intussusception 372–373 and 27 treatment 152 lymphangioma 380–381 Perthes disease 284, 286 metastasis 50 nephroblastoma (Wilms tumor) Pheochromocytoma 84, 214 sonographic criteria 150 383–384 Phlebography 314 staging laparoscopy 48 neuroblastoma 384–386 Piezoelectric effect 97 cyst teratoma 386–387 Plaque, arteriosclerotic 337, 338, indications for resection 152 undescended testis/cryptorchidism 345, 367, 370 postnecrotic 59 376–377 Pleural effusion 67–68, 178–183 retention 59 Pelvic inflammatory disease causes 178 diagnostic evaluation 145 (PID) 27–28 consequences for surgical head, cancer of 60, 63, 152, consequences for surgical treatment 68, 183 153, 154 treatment 27 drainage 89 intraoperative sonography 59–63 sonographic criteria 27 esophageal cancer and 218 pseudocyst 10, 59, 147, 149 Pelvocaliceal system 349 178, 183 posttraumatic 41 Percutaneous transhepatic management algorithm 179 transplantation 359–361 cholangiodrainage (PTCD) 89 pancreatitis and 10 consequences for surgical Perforation sonographic criteria 67, 178 treatment 362 aortic 366 transudate 178, 183 sonographic assessment 360 gallbladder 42 Pneumobilia 160, 162, 164 trauma 40–41 gastrointestinal 18–19, 44 ductal 162 pancreas injury scale 40 consequences for surgical 183, 185, 190 tumors 149–153, 225–227 treatment 18 46 endocrine 60, 63, 153–154, diverticulitis 120, 123 Polyarthritis 287 225 sonographic criteria 18 Polycystic kidney disease 240 Pancreatic duct Pericardial effusion 69 Polycystic liver disease 136 dilatation 150 Pericecal abscess 1, 2 Polyp stones 59, 147 Peripheral arteries 324–326 cholesterol 165, 166 Pancreatitis 8 aneurysms 326–329 gallbladder 160, 165, 166 acute 9–13, 145 arteriovenous fistulas Porcelain gallbladder 160, 163, 164 biliary 11 326–329 Porta hepatis 125

Mantke, Peitz, Surgical Ultrasound (ISBN 9783131318716), 2007 Georg Thieme Verlag KG Index 427

Portal hypertension 8, 131–132 Rotator cuff 277 probe types 99–100 Posterior enhancement 103 calcification 277, 292 pulse-echo mode 96 Posterior shadowing 102 Rupture spatial resolution 96 Postoperative bleeding 71–73 aortic 20 vascular system 307 Postphlebitic syndrome (PPS) diaphragm 44 see also Contrast-enhanced sonog- 318–321 gallbladder 42 raphy; Interventional sonography; Power Doppler imaging 99, 307 hepatic 39 Intraoperative sonography Pregnancy, ectopic 30 pancreatic 40, 41 Sound 95 Probe types 99–100 splenic 38, 155 Sound waves 95 Prostate gland 234, 246–247 tendons 273 Spatial compounding 408–409 abscess 246 tubal 30 Spatial resolution 96 cancer 246 Speckles 408 Prostatitis 246 Spectral Doppler imaging 307, 336 Proteinuria 243 S Spermatocele 248 Pseudoaneurysm 326–329 Spleen 154–158 aortic 364 Sacrococcygeal teratoma 386 abscess 154, 155, 158 thrombosed 327 Sarcoma 293 calcifications 154, 155 vascular surgery and 333 Schwannoma 223 cyst 155, 158 Pseudocyst, pancreatic 10, 59, Scrotum 233 hemangioma 155 147, 149 scrotal disease 248–251 infarction 155, 403 posttraumatic 41 Sedation 80 lymphoma 155 Pseudodiverticula 120 Seminal vesicles 234 metastases 155 Pseudogestation sac 30 Septic arthritis 291 rupture 38, 155 Pseudotumor, pancreatic 225 Seroma 89 trauma 38 Pulmonary consolidation 183–190 abdominal wall 298, 300, 305 Splenomegaly 155, 158 183, 186, Shadowing Staghorn calculus 238 190, 311 edge 103 Stenosis Pulsatility index 363 posterior 102 gastrointestinal tract 113 Pulse inversion 408, 415 Shoulder 276–279 diverticular 120, 123 Pulsed wave (PW) Doppler imaging Shunt complications 252–256 inflammatory bowel disease 99, 307 Side-lobe artifact 106 116, 119 Pyelonephritis 243 Skin disinfection 80 see also Mechanical bowel Pyogenic abscess 138, 398 Slice thickness artifact 104 obstruction (MBO) Slipped capital femoral epiphysis infantile hypertrophic pyloric 284, 286 (IHPS) 371–372 R Sludge, within gallbladder vascular 330–331, 333, 348 5, 159–160 carotid artery 334, 335–340, Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) 63 Soft tissue 345 Real-time compounding 408–409 abscess 291 classification 337 Real-time contrast imaging tumors 292–295, 305–306 stages 339 techniques 415–416 Somatostatinoma 60, 153 hemodialysis shunt Rectal cancer see Colorectal cancer Sonography complication 252 Rectus sheath abdominal 101–102 mesenteric artery 367 fluid collection 298 examination sequence 102 renal artery 368, 370 hematoma 297–300 prerequisites 101–102 subclavian artery 339, 340, 345 Renal transplantation see Kidney documentation 101 vertebral artery 339, 340 Renovascular hypertension 368 digital 418 Sternoclavicular joint 280–282 Resistive index 363 focusing 100 arthritis 280, 282 Resolution 96 image optimization 100–101 separation 280, 282 Resonance artifact 105 imaging modalities 97–99 Sternum 280–282 Reverberation 104 A-mode 97 fracture 173, 178, 280, 282 Rheumatoid arthritis 291 B-mode 97–98, 336 Stomach Rib M-mode 98 cancer 220–222 fracture 46, 173, 178 see also Doppler imaging carcinoma 48 metastases 173, 174, 178 intravascular (IVUS) 346–348 metastasis 50 Riedel struma 211 new developments 101 staging laparoscopy 48 Ring-down artifact 105 physical principles 95 lymphoma 220, 222

Mantke, Peitz, Surgical Ultrasound (ISBN 9783131318716), 2007 Georg Thieme Verlag KG 428 Index

Stomach, ulceration 111–112 Thrombosis diaphragm 44 see also Gastrointestinal tract Budd–Chiari syndrome and free intra-abdominal fluid 35–37 Stones 133, 134 gall bladder 42 bile duct 162, 167, 232 hemodialysis shunt hepatic 39–40 bladder 245 complication 252 incidence of specific injuries 34 nephrolithiasis 237–238 intestinal ischemia and 21, 22 indications for sonography 33 pancreatic duct 59, 147 vein graft 333 management algorithm 33 see also Gallstones venous 311–318 mesentery 44 Strain, muscular 271, 272 consequences for surgical pancreas 40–41 Strangulated hernia 302, 304 treatment 318 renal 42–43 Subclavian steal syndrome 339, 340 pancreatitis and 10 spleen 38 Supraspinatus tendon tear 277, 279 portal vein 132, 143 testicular 248 Synovitis, knee 287, 289 sonographic criteria 313 thoracic 46 21 see also Arthrosonography; Thyroid gland 191–212 Muscular injuries; Tendon injuries T cyst 204–205 Tru-Cut needle 81 complicated 204 Tuberculosis, adrenal 214 Target sign 142, 373 hemorrhagic 204 Tubo-ovarian abscess 27 Tears serous/colloid 204 Tumors ligaments 287, 290 follicular adenoma 202–203 biliary tree 228 muscles 271–272 goiter 193–195 bile duct 166–168 abdominal wall 298, 300 nodular 199, 206 bone 292–295 complete 272, 298 Graves disease 195–197 breast 262–263, 266 partial 271 indications for sonography 191 carotid artery body 340, 345 tendons 274, 276 malignancy 207–208 gallbladder 165 long biceps 277, 279 metastases 212 gastrointestinal tract 113–115 supraspinatus 277, 279 nodules major duodenal papilla Telangiectasia 321, 381 adenomatous (colloid) 199–201 229–231 Tendon injuries 273–276 with cystic changes 206 stomach 48, 220–222 dislocation, long biceps 277 Riedel struma 211 submucosal 223–224 jumpers knee 274, 276 sonographic criteria 192 hepatic 54, 58, 64–65, 139–145 rupture 273 Thyroiditis 209–210 lung 183, 190 tears 274, 276 acute 209, 210 ovarian 29 long biceps 277, 279 autoimmune 197–198 pancreas 149–154, 225–227 supraspinatus 277, 279 consequences for surgical endocrine 60, 63, 153–154, 225 Tendonitis 274, 279 treatment 198, 210 necrotic 150 calcific 277, 279 Hashimoto 197 renal 241–242 long biceps tendon 277 postpartum 197, 198 scrotal 248 patellar 274 silent 209, 210 soft tissue 292–295, 305–306 Tenosynovitis sonographic criteria 197, 209 splenic 158 ankle 290 subacute De Quervain 209, 210 see also specific tumors hand 283 Tissue harmonic imaging 407–408 Teratoma 386–387 Torsion sacrococcygeal 386 ovarian cyst 29 U Testis 235, 251 testicular 248 inguinal 376, 377 Transducer technology 411–412 Ulceration retractile 376, 377 1.5D matrix transducers 411–412 peptic 111–112 torsion 248 high-frequency transducers 411 ulcerative colitis 116 trauma 248 Transit time artifact 106 Ultrasonic contrast imaging undescended 376–377 Transplantation 414–416 Thermal ablation kidney 349–352 ultrasonic contrast agents hepatic metastases 65 liver 353–358 (UCAs) 389, 390, 414–416 primary liver tumors 65 pancreas 359–361, 362 detection of 414–416 Thorax see Chest Trauma destructive techniques 415 Three dimensional imaging 413 abdominal wall 297–300 real-time techniques 415–416 Thrombophlebitis, hemodialysis bowel 44 see also Contrast-enhanced shunt complication 252, 255 diagnosis 34 sonography

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Ultrasound 95 common 308 Venous collaterals 132 endoscopic (EUS) 217–218 femoropopliteal 308 Venous incompetence 319 see also Sonography fibular 308, 309 varicose veins 323 Undescended testis 376–377 gastrocnemius 308 Venous insufficiency 318, 319, 321 Ureter 233 hepatic 125–126, 353 chronic 318 injury 43 iliac DVT and 321 Urinary bladder 233, 245 common 308 varicose veins 318, 321, 322, 323 calculi 245 external 308, 321 Venous thrombosis 311–318 carcinoma 245 patency 310, 313 consequences for surgical diverticula 245 mesenteric treatment 318 post-voiding volume dilatation 132 pancreatitis and 10 estimation 235 thrombosis 22 portal vein 132 wall hypertrophy 246 perforating 308, 321, 323 sonographic criteria 313 Urinary tract popliteal 308, 309, 310, 321 VIPoma 60, 153 diagnostic evaluation 233–235 portal 124–127 hydronephrosis 236 cirrhosis and 130 indications for sonography 233 portal hypertension 131–132 W nephrolithiasis 237–238 thrombosis 132, 143 see also Kidney; Ureter; profunda femoris 308 Watermelon stomach 131 Urinary bladder reticular 321, 323 Wideband Doppler techniques 410 saphenous 310 Wilms tumor 383–384 greater 308, 321, 323 Workflow support 416–418 V lesser 308, 321, 323 automatic image optimization 417 soleus 308 automatic measurements Valsalva maneuver 310, 322 spider 321, 323 417–418 Valvular competence 321, 322 splenic 145 digital documentation and Varices, gallbladder 8, 165 dilatation 132 archiving 418 Varicose veins 318, 319, 321–324 subclavian 309 Vein tibial axillary 309 anterior 308, 321 Z deep vein of the thigh 308 posterior 308, 321 femoral 321 varicose 318, 319, 321–324 Zollinger–Ellinson syndrome 60, 153

Mantke, Peitz, Surgical Ultrasound (ISBN 9783131318716), 2007 Georg Thieme Verlag KG