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Nursing Care in Pediatric Respiratory Disease Nursing Care in Pediatric Respiratory Disease Nursing Care in Pediatric Respiratory Disease Nursing Care in Pediatric Respiratory Disease Edited by Concettina (Tina) Tolomeo, DNP, APRN, FNP-BC, AE-C Nurse Practitioner Director, Program Development Yale University School of Medicine Department of Pediatrics Section of Respiratory Medicine New Haven, CT A John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Publication This edition first published 2012 © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Wiley-Blackwell is an imprint of John Wiley & Sons, formed by the merger of Wiley’s global Scientific, Technical and Medical business with Blackwell Publishing. Registered office: John Wiley & Sons Inc., The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK Editorial offices: 2121 State Avenue, Ames, Iowa 50014-8300, USA The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific clients, is granted by Blackwell Publishing, provided that the base fee is paid directly to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. For those organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by CCC, a separate system of payments has been arranged. The fee codes for users of the Transactional Reporting Service are ISBN-13: 978-0-8138-1768-2/2012. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Nursing care in pediatric respiratory disease / edited by Concettina Tolomeo. – 1st ed. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-8138-1768-2 (pbk. : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-8138-1768-4 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Pediatric respiratory diseases–Nursing. I. Tolomeo, Concettina. [DNLM: 1. Respiratory Tract Diseases–nursing. 2. Child. 3. Pediatric Nursing– methods. WY 163] RJ431.N87 2012 618.92'2–dc23 2011021938 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. This book is published in the following electronic formats: ePDF 9780470962947; ePub 9780470962978; Mobi 9780470963005 Set in 9.5/12 pt Palatino by Toppan Best-set Premedia Limited Disclaimer The publisher and the author make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation warranties of fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales or promotional materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for every situation. This work is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, accounting, or other professional services. If professional assistance is required, the services of a competent professional person should be sought. Neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for damages arising herefrom. The fact that an organization or Website is referred to in this work as a citation and/or a potential source of further information does not mean that the author or the publisher endorses the information the organization or Website may provide or recommendations it may make. Further, readers should be aware that Internet Websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read. 1 2011 On the cover: The Vest® Airway Clearance System is a registered trademark of Hill-Rom Services, Inc. REPRINTED WITH PERMISSION-ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. This textbook is dedicated to my parents, Nicolantonio and Caterina Tolomeo Contents Contributors ix Preface xiii Acknowledgments xv Reviewers xvi 1 Pediatric pulmonary anatomy and physiology 3 Neal Nakra, MD, FAAP 2 Pediatric respiratory health history and physical assessment 38 Concettina Tolomeo, DNP, APRN, FNP-BC, AE-C 3 Principles of lung therapeutics 51 Kathryn Blake, PharmD, BCPS, FCCP 4 Neonatal lung disease: Apnea of prematurity and bronchopulmonary dysplasia 85 Pnina Weiss, MD, and Concettina Tolomeo, DNP, APRN, FNP-BC, AE-C 5 Lower airway disease 110 Julie Honey, MSN, CPNP, and Michael Bye, MD, FAAP, FCCP 6 Upper airway disorders 132 Wendy S. L. Mackey, MSN, APRN-BC, CORLN, Melissa M. Dziedzic, MSN, CPNP, CORLN, and Lisa M. Gagnon, MSN, CPNP 7 Asthma 188 Concettina Tolomeo, DNP, APRN, FNP-BC, AE-C, Dawn Baker, MSN, CPNP, CCRC, and Pnina Weiss, MD vii viii Contents 8 Cystic fibrosis 221 Antoinette Gardner, RN, MEd, CCRC, AE-C, and Kimberly Jones, MD 9 Obstructive sleep apnea 247 Linda Niemiec, MSN, RN, CPNP, and Lewis J. Kass, MD 10 Primary ciliary dyskinesia and bronchiectasis 269 Rosyln Bravo, BS, MS, APRN, CPNP, AE-C, and Anita Bhandari, MD 11 Acute respiratory problems 286 Marcia Winston, MSN, CPNP, AE-C, and Catherine Kier, MD Index 314 Contributors Dawn Baker, MSN, CPNP, CCRC Nurse Practitioner University of Florida Gainesville, FL Anita Bhandari, MD Assistant Professor of Pediatrics University of Connecticut School of Medicine Farmington, CT; Division of Pediatric Pulmonology Connecticut Children’s Medical Center Hartford, CT Kathryn Blake, PharmD, BCPS, FCCP Senior Research Scientist Center for Pharmacogenomics and Translational Research Nemours Children’s Clinic Jacksonville, FL Rosalynn Bravo, BS, MS, APRN, CPNP, AE-C Division of Pediatric Pulmonology Connecticut Children’s Medical Center Hartford, CT; Adjunct Nursing Faculty Capital Community College Hartford, CT; Clinical Instructor Yale University School of Nursing New Haven, CT ix x Contributors Michael Bye, MD, FAAP Professor of Clinical Pediatrics Attending Physician Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine Columbia University Medical Center New York, NY Melissa M. Dziedzic, MSN, CPNP, CORLN Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Connecticut Pediatric Otolaryngology Madison, CT; Lecturer in Surgery Yale University School of Medicine; Clinical Instructor in Pediatrics Yale University School of Nursing New Haven, CT Lisa M. Gagnon, MSN, CPNP Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Connecticut Pediatric Otolaryngology Madison, CT; Lecturer in Surgery Yale University School of Medicine; Clinical Instructor in Pediatrics Yale University School of Nursing New Haven, CT Antoinette Gardner, RN, MEd, CCRC, AE-C Clinical and Research Nurse Coordinator LSU Health Sciences Center Pediatric Pulmonary Shreveport, LA Julie Honey, MSN, CPNP Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Summit Pediatric Pulmonology Summit, NJ Kimberly Jones, MD Associate Professor Chief, Pediatric Pulmonary LSU Health Sciences Center Shreveport, LA Contributors xi Lewis J. Kass, MD Founder Westchester Pediatric Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine Mount Kisco, NY; Director Pediatric Sleep Medicine Pediatric Sleep Disorders Center at Norwalk Hospital Norwalk, CT Catherine Kier, MD Associate Professor of Pediatrics Stony Brook University School of Medicine; Division Chief Pediatric Pulmonary Allergy and Immunology Stony Brook Long Island Children’s Hospital Stony Brook, NY Wendy S.L. Mackey, MSN, APRN-BC, CORLN Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Connecticut Pediatric Otolaryngology Madison, CT; Lecturer in Surgery Yale University School of Medicine; Clinical Instructor in Pediatrics Yale University School of Nursing New Haven, CT; Adjunct Faculty Quinnipiac University School of Nursing Hamden, CT Neal Nakra, MD, FAAP Pediatric Pulmonologist Codirector Cystic Fibrosis Center St. Joseph’s Children’s Hospital Paterson, NJ Linda Niemiec, MSN, RN, CPNP Clinical Instructor of Nursing New York University New York, NY xii Contributors Concettina Tolomeo, DNP, APRN, FNP-BC, AE-C Nurse Practitioner Program Development Director Yale University School of Medicine Department of Pediatrics Section of Respiratory Medicine New Haven, CT Pnina Weiss, MD Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Section of Respiratory Medicine Director of Subspecialty Resident Education Yale University School of Medicine Section of Respiratory Medicine New Haven, CT Marcia Winston, MSN, CPNP, AE-C Certified Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Certified Asthma Educator The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Division of Pulmonary Medicine Philadelphia, PA Preface Pediatric respiratory disorders are responsible for a number of acute and chronic health conditions in the United States and worldwide. Nurses and nurse practitioners are often the first to come in contact with and recognize respiratory problems in children in either the school or a primary care setting. Therefore, the nursing profession as a whole must be knowledge- able in this area of care. The purpose of this book is to provide both nurses and nurse practitioners with the information required to safely and confi- dently care for children with common respiratory disorders and their fami- lies. The first three chapters of the book are intended to provide readers with a foundation
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