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View the 2021 Index Index A ABO hemolytic disease of newborn, idiopathic intracranial Acinetobacter baumannii A-a gradient 415 hypertension, 540 highly resistant bacteria, 198 by age, 692 Abortion mechanism, use and adverse Acne, 489, 491 in oxygen deprivation, 693 antiphospholipid syndrome, 482 effects, 631 danazol, 682 restrictive lung disease, 699 ethical situations, 276 sulfa drug, 255 tetracyclines for, 192 with oxygen deprivation, 693 methotrexate for, 450 Acetoacetate metabolism, 90 Acquired hydrocele (scrotal), 676 Abacavir Abruptio placentae, 664 Acetylation Acrodermatitis enteropathica, 71 HIV terapy, 203 cocaine use, 638 chromatin, 34 Acromegaly HLA subtype hypersensitivity, 100 preeclampsia, 667 drug metabolism, 234 carpal tunnel syndrome, 470 Abciximab Abscesses, 493 histones, 34 findings, diagnosis and treatment, antiplatelets, 447 acute inflammation and, 215 posttranslation, 45 347 mechanism and clinical use, 447 brain, 156, 180 Acetylcholine (ACh) GH, 337 thrombogenesis and, 421 calcification with, 212 anticholinesterase effect on, 244 GH analogs, 336 Abdominal aorta cold staphylococcal, 116 change with disease, 510 octreotide for, 410 and branches, 373 frontal lobe, 153 Clostridium botulinum inhibition somatostatin analogs for, 336 atherosclerosis in, 310 Klebsiella spp, 145 of release, 138 Actin bifurcation of, 687 Staphylococcus aureus, 135 pacemaker action potential and, cytoskeleton, 48, 61 Abdominal aortic aneurysm, 310 liver, 155, 179 301 muscular dystrophies, 61 Abdominal pain lung, 709 Acetylcholine (ACh) receptor Acting out, 576 acute mesenteric ischemia, 396 treatment of lung, 192 agonists, 571 Actinic keratosis, 496 bacterial peritonitis, 400 Absence seizures, 535 Acetylcholine (ACh) receptors immunotherapy and, 121 hypercalcemia, 615 Absolute risk reduction (ARR), 262 autoantibodies to, 486 squamous cell carcinoma, 498 hyperparathyroidism, 353 AB toxin, 132 types of, 239 Actinomyces spp intussusception, 395 Abuse Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) comparison with Nocardia spp, irritable bowel syndrome, 393 child, 579 in amniotic fluid, 505 139 neural tube defects and, 505 pancreas divisum, 370 intimate partner violence, 277 Actinomyces israelii Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) culture requirements of, 126 pancreatic cancer, 408 Acalculia, 528 inhibitors effects and treatment of, 139 polyarteritis nodosa, 484 Acalculous cholecystitis, 406 naming convention for, 257 penicillin G/V for, 187 postprandial, 373 Acanthocytes, 424 toxicity treatment for, 251 pigment production, 128 RLQ pain, 393 Acanthocytosis, 94 Acetyl-CoA carboxylase Activated carriers, 75 RUQ pain, 406 Acantholysis, 489 fatty acid synthesis, 73 molecules and form, 75 Abdominal wall Acanthosis, 489 vitamin B and, 68 Active errors, 281 caput medusae, 375 Acanthosis nigricans 7 Achalasia Active immunity, 110 hernias, 379 characteristics, 496 ventral wall defects, 368 esophageal cancer, 388 acquisition of, 110 paraneoplastic syndrome, 229 Abducens nerve (CN VI) etiology, 386 Acute adrenal insufficiency, 357 stomach cancer, 389 damage to, 561 nitric oxice secretion and, 381 Acute bacterial endocarditis, 321 Acarbose, 363 function, 523 Achilles reflex, 527 Acute chest syndrome, 432 Accessory nerve (CN XI) ocular motility, 560 Achlorhydria Acute cholangitis, 406, 407 arm abduction, 456 palsy, 563 stomach cancer, 389 Acute cholestatic hepatitis Abduction functions, 523 VIPomas, 381 drug reactions and, 252 arm, 456, 458 lesions of, 550 Achondroplasia, 474 macrolides, 193 hip, 461, 463 Accessory pancreatic duct, 370, 378 chromosome disorder, 64 Acute coronary syndrome passive abnormal, 463 Accommodation eye, 523 inheritance, 60 ADP receptor inhibitors for, 447 passive (knee), 464 Accommodation, eye, 554 ossification in, 468 nitrates for, 326 Abductor digiti minimi muscle, 460 Accountable care, 278 Acid-base physiology, 616 treatments for, 317 Abductor pollicis brevis muscle, 460 Accuracy (validity), 269 Acid-fast oocysts, 177 Acute cystitis, 618, 624 Abetalipoproteinemia, 94, 424 Accuracy vs precision, 265 Acid-fast organisms, 125 Acute disseminated (postinfectious) Abiraterone, 682 Acebutolol, 248, 327 Acidic amino acids, 81 encephalomyelitis, 542 Abnormal passive abduction (knee), Acetaminophen Acid maltase, 86 Acute dystonia 464 for osteoarthritis, 478 Acidosis causes and treatment, 593 Abnormal passive adduction (knee), free radical injury and, 210 cardiac contractility in, 293 treatment of, 244 464 hepatic necrosis from, 252 hyperkalemia with, 614 Acute gastritis, 389 Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), 657 mechanism, use and adverse metabolic, 85 Acute hemolytic transfusion heavy or intermenstrual bleeding, effects, 499 Acidosis and alkalosis, 616 reactions, 114 657 toxicity treatment for, 251 Acid phosphatase in neutrophils, Acute hemorrhagic cystitis, 164 non-structural causes (COEIN), vs aspirin for pediatric patients, 499 416 Acute inflammation, 215 657 Acetazolamide Acid reflux Acute intermittent porphyria, 434 structural causes (PALM), 657 glaucoma therapy, 573 proton pump inhibitors for, 409 Acute interstitial nephritis, 625 © 2021 First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 FAS1_2021_21_Index_775-840.indd 775 11/12/20 9:35 AM 776 INDEX INDEX Acute kidney injury, 625 Adenomas Adult T-cell lymphoma, occurrence Albendazole Acute laryngotracheobronchitis, 170 bone (parathyroid), 476 and causes, 439 cestodes, 160 Acute local radiation toxicity, 211 nomenclature for, 221 Advance directives, 272 Albinism, 490 Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), salivary glands, 386 Aedes mosquitoes locus heterogeneity, 57 442 thyroid, 350 Chikungunya virus transmission, ocular, 61 oncogenes and, 225 Adenomatous polyps, 397 170 Albumin, 214 Acute mesenteric ischemia, 396 Adenomyosis (endometrial), 672 yellow fever transmission, 171 as liver marker, 400 Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), uterine bleeding from, 657 Zika virus transmission, 172 calcium homeostasis, 341 442 Adenopathy Aerobic metabolism functional liver marker, 400 cytarabine for, 450 Kawasaki disease, 484 ATP production, 70 Albuminocytologic dissociation myelodysplastic syndromes, 442 Adenosine fed state, 91 (CSF), 542 Acute pancreatitis, 405, 407 as antiarrhythmic drug, 332 vitamin B1 (thiamine), 67 Albuterol necrosis and, 209 pacemaker action potential and, 301 Aerobic organisms asthma, 712 Acute pericarditis, 323 Adenosine deaminase deficiency, 37 characteristics, 126 cystic fibrosis, 60 Acute phase proteins, 108 Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) culture requirements, 126 uses of, 245 Acute phase reactants, 214 electron transport chain, 78 Afatinib, 453 Alcohol dehydrogenase, 72 IL-6, 108 in TCA cycle, 76 Afferent arteriole Alcohol for sterilization/disinfection, Acute poststreptococcal production of, 75, 78 ANP/BNP effect on, 612 204 glomerulonephritis, 620 Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Afferent nerves, 303 Alcoholic cirrhosis, 401 Acute promyelocytic leukemia synthase inhibitors, 78 Aflatoxins carcinogenicity, 226 cholelithiasis and, 406 vitamin A for, 66 Adenovirus African sleeping sickness, 156 Alcoholic hepatitis, 401 Acute pulmonary edema characteristics of, 163 Afterload Alcoholic liver disease, 401 opioid analgesics, 572 conjunctivitis with, 553 approximation of, 293 aspartate aminotransferase and Acute pyelonephritis, 624 envelope and medical importance, hydralazine, 326 alanine aminotransferase, WBC casts in, 624 164 in shock, 320 400 Acute radiation syndrome, 211 pneumonia, 707 Agammaglobulinemia Alcohol overuse Acute respiratory distress syndrome Adherens junction, 488 chromosome affected, 64 avascular necrosis of bone, 475 eclampsia and, 667 Adhesions, 396 Agars (bacterial culture), 127 cataracts, 554 pathophysiology, diagnosis and Adipose tissue Agenesis cerebella vermis, 528 management, 702 estrogen production, 654 in morphogenesis, 637 common causes of pneumonia, 179 restrictive lung disease, 699 in starvation, 91 Müllerian, 645 cytochrome P-450 interactions Acute transplant rejection, 119 lipolysis, 328 uterovaginal, 662 (selected), 255 Acute tubular necrosis Adjustment disorder, 587 Age-related changes in folate deficiency, 430 casts in urine, 618 Adnexal torsion, 649 pharmacokinetics, 250 iron granules associated pathology, etiology, 626 Adoption study, 260 Age-related macular degeneration, 426 Acyclovir ADP ribosyltransferases, 132 556 ketone bodies, 90 mechanism and clinical use, 202 Adrenal adenomas Agnosia, 528 Klebsiella, 145 Adalimumab Cushing syndrome, 356 Agonists Korsakoff syndrome, 66, 581 for Crohn disease, 392 hyperaldosteronism, 358 indirect cholinomimetic, 243 lung abscess, 708 target and clinical use, 122, 502 Adrenal carcinomas indirect general, 245 nonmegaloblastic anemia, 430 Adaptive immunity Li-Fraumeni syndrome, 225 indirect sympathomimetics, 245 psychoactive drug intoxication and components and mechanism, 99 P-glycoprotein in, 228 partial, 237 withdrawal, 594 lymphocytes in, 419 Adrenal cortex Agoraphobia, 586 subdural hematoma, 531 Addison disease, 357 progesterone production, 654 Agranulocytosis Vitamin B1 deficiency, 66 HLA subtype, 100 Adrenal cortex and medulla, 335 drug reaction and, 253 Vitamin B9 deficiency, 68 Additive effect Adrenal hyperplasia sulfa drug allergies, 253 Vitamin B12 deficiency, 69 of drugs, 238 Cushing syndrome, 356 thionamides, 364 Alcohol use disorder, 595 Adduction Adrenal insufficiency Agraphia, 528 acute gastritis, 389 arm, 456 adrenoleukodystrophy, 48 AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency chronic pancreatitis, 407 fingers, 457 anovulation with, 669 syndrome) Mallory-Weiss syndrome, 387 hip, 461, 462 fludrocortisone for, 364 brain abscess, 180 parathyrooid hormone regulation,
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