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INVITED SPEAKERS (INV) Presentation: Monday, September 28, 2015 from 10:30 – 11:00 in Room Congress Saal INVITED SPEAKERS (INV) Presentation: Monday, September 28, 2015 from 10:30 – 11:00 in room Congress Saal. INV01 Redefining Virulence: Bacterial Gene Expression during INV03 Human Infection Breath-taking viral zoonosis: Lessons from influenza viruses H. L. T. Mobley T. Wolff University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Robert Koch-Institut, Division 17, Influenza viruses and other Microbiology and Immunology, Ann Arbor, United States Respiratory Viruses, Berlin, Germany Investigators identifying virulence genes at first did so by The World Health Organization recently expressed concerns about examining transposon mutants or individual gene mutations. an unprecedented diversity and geographical distribution of Mutants of bacterial pathogens were then assessed in animals, influenza viruses currently circulating in animal reservoirs. This whose symptoms mimicked human disease. Later, genome-wide includes an increase in the detection of animal influenza viruses screens (STM, IVET, IVIAT) were developed whereby genes and that co-circulate and exchange viral genes giving rise to novel virus proteins that influence virulence could be identified. These efforts strains. As the avian and porcine host reservoirs have in the past led to our conventional view of microbial virulence, with its focus contributed essentially to the genesis of human pandemic influenza on adhesins, iron acquisition, toxins, secretion, and motility, as viruses causing waves of severe respiratory disease on a global well as on those bacteria with genes such as on horizontally scale, this is a notable situation. transferred pathogenicity-associated islands that are not found in Zoonotic transmissions of avian influenza viruses belonging to the commensal strains. Now, however, we also must consider what H5N1 or H7N9 subtypes have been well documented in recent metabolic pathways are in play when microbial pathogens infect years. More than 800 human infections with highly pathogenic their hosts. How are these bacteria metabolizing available avian H5N1 viruses have been described with a stunning case molecules to colonize a particular body site? Which import and fatality of > 50% since 2003, and an upsurge of cases in Egypt in export systems are active during infection? Using Extraintestinal E. early 2015. Moreover, three waves of human infections with a coli as an example, we demonstrate the importance of measuring novel avian reassortant influenza virus of the H7N9 subtype gene expression during actual infections either in animal models of causing severe or lethal lower respiratory tract disease in many infection or in humans themselves, using microarray, RNA-seq, or patients have been recorded since spring 2013 in China. Tn-seq. Using data from each of these approaches, virulence can be Significantly, those H7N9 viruses appear to be benign in poultry, redefined as the sum of classical virulence factors, requisite the suspected vector species, creating additional challenges for the metabolic pathways, and key import and export pumps. Indeed, detection and control of such zoonotic transmissions. Fortunately, measuring gene expression in vivo is critical to defining virulence both H5N1 and H7N9 influenza viruses have so far shown only a of bacterial pathogens. very limited capability to transmit among humans. Finally, spill- over infections of porcine influenza A viruses of different subtypes Presentation: Sunday, September 27, 2015 from 16:40 – 17:25 in (H1N1v, H3N2v, H1N2v) to humans have been detected at an room Congress Saal. increased rate in recent years. Influenza viruses are characterized by unusually high diversity and INV02 changeability of their segmented negative strand RNA genomes Multi-resistant Gram-negative zoonotic pathogens - a global enabling them to adapt to new host species or to evade from threat selective pressures such as antiviral therapy. This presentation will L. H. Wieler summarize current situations on zoonotic influenza viruses, address Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany recent molecular analyses of genetic polymorphisms accompanying interspecies transmission and discuss possible reasons for the Surveillance of resistant pathogens proofs a constant increase of pathogenicity of some animal influenza viruses in humans. Multi-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (MRGN) in certain infectious diseases. In veterinary medicine surveillance is mostly Presentation: Monday, September 28, 2015 from 11:00 – 11:30 in restricted to MRGN occurrence or contamination of livestock or room Congress Saal. food originating from animals. While increasing numbers of nosocomial and wound infections by MRGN are reported in INV04 companion animals, lack of surveillance in this area hinders a Novel antimicrobial resistance genes in staphylococci of sound risk assessment and implementation of intervention animal, human, and environmental origin strategies. In contrast, the medical area concentrates surveillance S. Schwarz on isolates from diagnostic laboratories and particular clinical Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Bundesinstitut fuer Tiergesundheit, settings as well as specific infectious diseases. These and further Neustadt, Germany differences in surveillance methodology hinder sound analyses of transmission pathways, zoonotic adaptation mechanisms etc. - facts Abstract has not been submitted. that are further complicated by the increasing evidence of MRGN in wildlife and the environment. This global threat increases the Presentation: Monday, September 28, 2015 from 11:30 – 12:00 in importance of community-associated MRGN. room Congress Saal. To gain more insights into phylogeny, relationships and possible transmission routes, bacteria are routinely analyzed by Multi-locus INV05 sequence typing (MLST), defining Sequence Types (STs) and also Foodborne infections: impact of subtyping isolates increasingly by comparative whole-genome sequence analyses F. Allerberger (WGSA). This paper presents current data on the microevolution of AGES, Public Health, Vienna, Austria MGRN concentrating on particular pandemic lineages of E. coli MRGN from various habitats. The analyses of strains of pandemic Subtyping of isolates is essential for active surveillance. However, ST 131 and the recently recognized ST 648 (Ewers et al. 2014; typing results can miss epidemiological relations due to under- JAC 2014, 69:1224-30), isolated from humans, livestock, discrimination and due to over-discrimination. The example of companion animals and wildlife as well as of ST 410 reveals novel salmonellosis, where incidence has dropped by approx. 80% during insights into their microevolution and possible adaptation the last decade, is impressively underling the potential of public mechanisms. Our data once again corroborate the need of future health interventions targeting microbiologically proven integrated surveillance, linking human, animal and environmental transmission chains. For Salmonella, serotyping, phage-typing, and health. antibiotic resistance profiling are old but still efficient work-horses, with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA), CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) strain in 2012 for >300 in 2014. For CPE the actual numbers are still low characterization, and next-generation sequencing (NGS) often used but ha o e f om “0” to >50 ove the a t 5 ea . for confirmation only. The example of campylobacteriosis displays In the talk the development in Denmark for MRSA, ESBL, CPE the arduous situation without availability of adequate subtyping and VRE will be presented and discussed in relation to differences methods. The development and widespread application of in infection control practices and presence/absence of national multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of Campylobacter spp. has guidelines. recently informed source attribution studies, but so far routine subtyping of all isolates is an exception. Enterohaemorrhagic Presentation: Monday, September 28, 2015 from 14:00 – 14:30 in Escherichia coli (EHEC) and Listeria monocytogenes are rare but, room Congress Saal. due to their high case-fatality, extremely important food-borne pathogens. By law, in Austria every human isolate and every food INV07 isolate has to be submitted to the respective national reference Controlling HAI in Germany and France: similarities and laboratory, where PFGE is performed. While in Austria every differences human isolate of Salmonella, EHEC and L. monocytogenes is J.-C. Lucet subtyped (no routine subtyping for Campylobacter spp.), other Hôpital Bichat - Claude-Bernard, Infection Contact Unit, Paris, foodborne pathogens are subtyped as needed only. From January France 2013 to August 2014, 1589 hepatitis A (HA) cases were reported associated with an outbreak affecting 11 EU member states, with Abstract has not been submitted. mixed frozen berries as the vehicle of infection. Subtyping of HA virus (HAV) by performing RT- PCR targeting the HAV Presentation: Monday, September 28, 2015 from 14:30 – 15:00 in polymerase gene was a prerequisite to recognize this outbreak. room Congress Saal. Increasingly whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism-based approaches are used to identify the source of foodborne infections INV08 and to clarify the epidemiology of outbreaks. The continuing Real-time Monitoring of Multi-resistant Bacteria in a introduction of new bioinformatics tools for rapid comparison of University-Hospital by Whole Genome Sequencing SNPs and open-access NGS databases will simplify surveillance
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