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AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES Published by Number 1146 the AMERICAN MUSEUM of NATURAL HISTORY October 15, 1941 New York City

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AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES Published by Number 1146 the AMERICAN MUSEUM of NATURAL HISTORY October 15, 1941 New York City AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES Published by Number 1146 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY October 15, 1941 New York City REPORT ON SOME ARACHNIDS FROM BARRO COLORADO ISLAND, CANAL ZONE BY W. J. GERTSCH The arachnids on which this paper is that name used here in the broader sense based were placed in my hands for study of Dr. Louis Fage. One of them is a four- 'by Dr. E. G. Williams, Jr., formerly of eyed spider which is related to Symphyto- Northwestern University. The material gnatha globosa Hickman from Tasmania. Of was collected in 1938 during the course of nearly equal interest is a new genus of the an ecological study on Barro Colorado Tetrablemmidae in which the front eyes are Island, Canal Zone. As was to be ex- apparently fused together, the resultant pected from such an intensive survey of a condition being a single median eye placed limited plot of ground, the bulk of the ma- at the edge of the clypeal declivity. The terial has proved to be immature and for other spiders belong for the most part to the most part unidentifiable to species. familiar tropical genera. Approximately twenty families of spiders The collection included a number of mis- were represented and identifiable to genera, cellaneous arachnids in addition to the spi- about forty genera being noted. Of the ders. The order Opiliones is well repre- specimens identified to species only the sented with species of the common tropical ones described below as new have not been families. A single representative of the reported previously from Barro Colorado family Schizomidae of the Pedipalpi is Island. described as new. Several tiny, secretive spiders which live The types of the various species are de- in leaf mold and detritus were contained in posited in the collection of The American the collection. Especially notable are the Museum of Natural History through the species of the family Symphytognathidae, generosity of Dr. Williams. ORDER ARANEAE Symphytognathidae placed by a single pair of tracheal spiracles. The above family name is used in the The normal number of eyes is presumably sense of Dr. Louis Fage to include, in addi- six, the anterior median eyes being lost in tion to the typical genus Symphytognatha all the genera. In Anapistula the posterior of Hickman, a small number of genera and median eyes are also missing, the com- species related to Anapis Simon. Dr. plete number present being four. In some Fage has given adequate reasons (1937, of the species the pedipalpi of the female Bull. Soc. Zool. France, LXII, pp. 93-105) are completely missing; in others it is for and the greatly reduced in size. incorporating Symphytognatha of the genera assigned by Kratochvil to the family Four species Symphytognathidae occur on Barro Island and rep- Anapidae into a single family which should Colorado genera. The four genera now be known as the Symphytognathidae, the resent three from Americas may be older name. known the separated by the following key. The symphytognathids possess a num- 1.-Four eyes present; pedipalp of female miss- ber of unusual characters of which the fol- ing.Anapistula. lowing are most important. Lung-books Six eyes present; pedipalp of female pres- are completely absent, and they are re- ent .2. 2 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES [No. 1146 2.-Posterior row of eyes essentially straight.... fully twice their diameter. Eyes as illustrated ........................... Anapisona. in Fig. 17. Posterior row of eyes strongly procurved. 3. Sternum as broad as long, broadly truncated in 3.-Eyes of first row (anteral lateral of each front, very gently rounded on the sides, broadly side) separated by the diameter.. Anapis. truncated behind where the sternum projects Eyes of first row subcontiguous ... Epecthina. between the posterior coxae and separates them by twice the length of the coxae (Fig. 16). La- ANAPISTULA, NEW GENUS bium short, about two-thirds as long as broad, Carapace broader than long, of moderate broadly rounded in front. Maxillae scarcely height, evenly convex, highest at the crest of the twice as long as the labium, rounded and con- posterior declivity, the sutures obsolete. Eyes vergent around the labium so that the tips four, all median eyes completely missing. An- nearly touch in front. Chelicerae soldered to- terior and posterior lateral eyes of each side gether in the basal half. group contiguous, equal in size, widely separated Legs of moderate length, without true spines, from the other group by two full diameters. sparsely clothed with inconspicuous hairs and Sternum widely truncated in front and behind, bristles. Patellae with a projection on the ret- the posterior coxae separated by twice their rolateral surface and with an erect bristle above length. Chelicerae soldered together in the at distal end which is as long as the joint. Legs basal half, of average size, the margins with a essentially equal in thickness. Femora with a pale tooth. Pedipalp completely missing in double series of weak bristles beneath, about female. Male unknown. four pairs beneath the first femur; other seg- GENOTYPE.-Anapistula secreta, new species. ments with subprocumbent bristles or hairs. Tarsi on all legs much longer than the metatarsi. This interesting genus conforms in all Pedipalpi completely missing in the female. important family characters with Sym- phytognatha globosa Hickman from Tas- I II FEMUR 0.18 mm. 0. 16 mm. mania. It is easily differentiated from PATELLA 0.10 0.08 that genus and others (Pseudanapis and TIBIA 0.13 0.11 Chasmocephalon) in completely lacking all METATARSUS 0.10 0.08 median eyes, the full number being four, TARSUS 0.16 0.15 the lateral eyes, which are widely separated. TOTAL 0.67 mm. 0.58 mm. III IV Anapistula secreta, new species FEMUR 0.13 mm. 0.19 mm. Figures 14, 15, 16 and 17 PATELLA 0.08 0.08 FEaMALE.-Total length, 0.50 mm. TIBIA 0.09 0.14 mm. 0.24 mm. METATARSUS 0.07 0.10 Carapace, 0.20 long, wide; ab- TARSUS 0.15 0.14 domen, 0.32 mm. long, 0.30 mm. wide. Carapace dull yellow, unmarked except for TOTAL 0.52 mm. 0.65 mm. the narrow black rings around the eyes and in- conspicuous dusky shading on the margins, with Abdomen subglobose. Epigynum as illus- two weak setae at the front of the posterior de- trated in Fig. 15. clivity, otherwise apparently unclothed. Ster- TYPE LoCALITY.-Female holotype from num dusky over a dull yellow base. Legs dull Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone, July yellow, the terminal joints darkened, the junc- 21, 1938 (E. G. Williams, Jr.). ture between the tarsi and metatarsi appearing as an indistinct pale annulus. Abdomen dull This species is distinguished from all yellow, concolorous with the carapace, clothed other species of the family in completely evenly with rather long pale hairs. lacking both pairs of median eyes. Carapace broader than long, nearly truncate in front, the sides moderately rounded, the ANAPIS SIMON caudal end truncated. Pars cephalica relatively high, evenly convex, the median groove and The generic name Anapis was proposed cephalic sutures obsolete. Carapace highest by Simon (1892-95, Histoire Naturelle at the crest of the precipitous posterior de- des Araignees, I, p. 923) to supplant Ama- clivity, gently and evenly declining forward to zula Keyserling, a name previously used the eyes. Clypeus subvertical, rather narrow, equal in height to the radius of an anterior lateral for a genus of beetles. Amazula hetschki eye. Eyes four, in two groups, no vestiges of Keyserling automatically became the geno- median eyes being present. Eye area nearly type of Anapis and was cited thus by as wide as the width of the carapace at that Simon. The presence of a species closely point. Eyes of each side (anterior lateral and posterior lateral) contiguous, subequal in size, allied to hetschki in the present collection separated from the group of the opposite side by has made necessary a review of the genus 1941] ARACHNIDS FROM BARRO COLORADO ISLAND 3 2' 3 II~ ~~~~ Fig. 1. Anapisona simoni, new species, lateral view of female, appendages omitted. Fig. 2. Idem, dorsal view of female, appendages omitted. Fig. 3. Idem, epigynum of female. Fig. 4. Idem, front and chelicerae of female. Fig. 5. Anapi8s keyserlingi, new species, front and chelicerae of female. Fig. 6. Idem, lateral view of female, appen'dages omitted. Fig. 7. Idem, dorsal view of female, appendages omitted. Fig. 8. Idem, eyes of female, dorsal view. 4 AMERICAN MUSEUM WOVITATES [No. 1146 inasmuch as Simon evidently did not have procurved, the contiguous median separated by examples of that species for study. scarcely their diameter from the posterior lateral eyes. Details of structure of carapace and eye The generic diagnosis for Anapis as relations as shown in Figs. 5 to 8. given by Simon is based on various unde- Sternum five-sixth as broad as long, coarsely scribed species of anapids in which the con- roughened, truncated behind where the pos- tiguous lateral eyes of each side are widely terior coxae are separated by their length. Labium triangular, broader than long. Maxillae separated groups and form with the two enlarged and truncated at the apex. Chelicera contiguous median eyes what is essentially armed with three teeth on the upper margin, a straight transverse row. Two of Simon's unarmed below, excavated on the inner side species were from Venezuela and two spe- (Fig. 5). Legs clothed with black hairs and a few longer cies are represented in the material before bristles. All patellae with a long apical bristle me from Barro Colorado Island. A study above. First and second metatarsi with a ven- of Keyserling's figures and description of tral pair of cusps at distal end; first and second Amazula hetschki shows clearly that the tarsi with three smaller cusps beneath.
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