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Evaluation of Cultural Tactics, Insecticides, and Peanut Genotypes

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Evaluation of Cultural Tactics, Insecticides, and Peanut Genotypes EVALUATION OF CULTURAL TACTICS, INSECTICIDES, AND PEANUT GENOTYPES FOR THRIPS AND SPOTTED WILT DISEASE MANAGEMENT IN PEANUT by PIN-CHU LAI (Under the Direction of Rajagopalbabu Srinivasan) ABSTRACT Selected management tactics, including genotype selection, insecticides, and cultural practices, against tobacco thrips and Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) in peanut were evaluated. Insecticide efficacy of thrips control and the impact of TSWV field resistant peanut genotypes on thrips-mediated TSWV transmission and thrips fitness were further investigated. The first objective was to integrate tactics for improved spotted wilt disease management in peanut, including selected insecticides, TSWV resistant cultivars, and cultural practices, namely row patterns and tillage systems. The second objective assessed the effectiveness of insecticides on tobacco thrips mortality and reducing feeding damage over time; the putative resistance status in tobacco thrips from field populations was also evaluated. The third objective focused on the effects of newly released TSWV field resistant genotypes as well as diploid wild species relative of cultivated peanut on thrips transmission and thrips biological fitness. INDEX WORDS: Spotted wilt of peanut, insecticide efficacy, TSWV resistant genotypes EVALUATION OF CULTURAL TACTICS, INSECTICIDES, AND PEANUT GENOTYPES FOR THRIPS AND SPOTTED WILT DISEASE MANAGEMENT IN PEANUT by PIN-CHU LAI B.S., National Taiwan University, Taiwan, 2013 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The University of Georgia in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF SCIENCE ATHENS, GEORGIA 2015 © 2015 Pin-Chu Lai All Rights Reserved EVALUATION OF CULTURAL TACTICS, INSECTICIDES, AND PEANUT GENOTYPES FOR THRIPS AND SPOTTED WILT DISEASE MANAGEMENT IN PEANUT by PIN-CHU LAI Major Professor: Rajagopalbabu Srinivasan Committee: Mark Abney Albert Culbreath Electronic Version Approved: Suzanne Barbour Dean of the Graduate School The University of Georgia December 2015 iv To my parents. v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my major advisor, Dr. Rajagopalbabu Srinivasan for his excellent mentoring and guidance throughout my Masters study. I am so thankful for having the opportunity to join your lab and learn how to conduct research under your supervision. My sincere appreciation goes to my committee members, Dr. Mark Abney and Dr. Albert Culbreath for contributing precious time, expertise, and positive feedbacks to help with my research all the way through. I would like to thank Dr. Shyam Tallury for providing peanut seeds for my experiments as well as all the funding sourses, USDA-NIFA, USDA- SR- IPM, National Peanut Board, and Georgia Peanut Commission, for supporting me conducting the research. I am also very grateful to Mr. Stan Diffie, Mr. Simmy McKeown, and Ms. Sheran Thompson, who worked so hard and provided me with endless help and encourangement. Without all your support and assistance during my research, I could not have done this great job. It is always so pleasant and enjoyable to work with all of you. To Mr. Billy Mills and Mr. Clint Powell, thank you both for the great assistance with the field work. To Ms. Carol Ireland and Ms. Jenny Granberry, thank you for all your support and assistance specifically with all the paper works in our department. I would like to extend my sincere gratitude to my colleagues, Ms. Anita Shrestha and Ms. Wendy Marchant for teaching me all the professional research and experimental skills as well as giving me constant cheer and support. I am so blessed to have you both to working with. I am also thankful to Dr. Babu’s student workers: Nan Bostick, Julia Kitchens, Paige Still for assisting and helping me with large amount of work in the field, greenhouse, and lab. To my friend, Ms. Kathleen Marasigan, thank you for providing me with vi precious assistance and support all the time. I would like to express countless thanks to my roommate and best friend, Ms. Jean Liu for always being there to help with anything you can. Last but not least, to my parents and brother, thank you all for the endless love and support. Thank you for giving me all the best and leading me to where I am today. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...............................................................................................................v LIST OF TABLES ...........................................................................................................................x LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................... xii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................1 Literature cited .........................................................................................................7 2 LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................11 Peanut: a worldwide important crop ......................................................................11 Spotted wilt disease of peanut................................................................................12 History, Host Range, and Symptoms of Tomato spotted wilt virus ......................13 Taxonomy, Structure and Genome Organization of Tomato spotted wilt virus ................................................................................................................................15 Thrips as pests and vectors of TSWV: morphology, biology, and ecology ..........17 TSVW transmission and epidemics .......................................................................21 TSWV and Spotted Wilt Disease Management .....................................................25 Conclusion .............................................................................................................33 Scope of investigation ............................................................................................33 Literature cited .......................................................................................................35 viii 3 EVALUATION OF NEWLY RELEASED PEANUT CULTIVARS WITH ALTERNATIVE INSECTICIDES AND SELECTED CULTURAL PRACTICES IN SPOTTED WILT DISEASE MANAGEMENT IN PEANUT ....................................51 Abstract ..................................................................................................................52 Introduction ............................................................................................................53 Materials and Methods ...........................................................................................56 Results ....................................................................................................................63 Discussion ..............................................................................................................70 Literature cited .......................................................................................................96 4 EVALUATION OF SELECTED INSECTICIDES’ RESIDUAL STATUS IN PEANUT AND EFFICACY ON THRIPS CONTROL OVER TIME ......................105 Abstract ................................................................................................................106 Introduction ..........................................................................................................107 Materials and Methods .........................................................................................110 Results ..................................................................................................................116 Discussion ............................................................................................................121 Literature cited .....................................................................................................140 5 EFFECTS OF TOMATO SPOTTED WILT VIRUS (TSWV)-RESISTANT TETRAPLOID AND DIPLOID PEANUT GENOTYPES ON TSWV TRANSMISSION BY FRANKLINIELLA FUSCA AND ITS BIOLOGICAL FITNESS ....................................................................................................................146 Abstract ................................................................................................................147 Introduction ..........................................................................................................148 ix Materials and Methods .........................................................................................151 Results ..................................................................................................................159 Discussion ............................................................................................................162 Literature cited .....................................................................................................181 6 SUMMARY ...............................................................................................................188 x LIST OF TABLES Page Table 3.1: List of selected insecticides as alternative to aldicarb and phorate applied in the field trials ...........................................................................................................................77 Table 3.2: List of selected insecticides applied in conjunction with cultural practices in the field trials ...........................................................................................................................78
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