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BONPLANDIA Revista Del Instituto De Botánica Del Nordeste BONPLANDIA Revista del Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste Tomo XV SUPLEMENTO 2006 CONTENIDO Taxonomy of the genus Arachis (Leguminosae). Antonio Krapovickas and Walton C. Gregory. Translated by David E. Williams and Charles E. Simpson ....................................................................... 7 Corrientes República Argentina UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DEL NORDESTE Rector: Arq. Oscar V. Valdés FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS AGRARIAS Dean: Ing. Agr. Abel R. Ferrero CONSEJO NACIONAL DE INVESTIGACIONES CIENTÍFICAS Y TÉCNICAS President: Dr. Eduardo H. Charreau INSTITUTO DE BOTÁNICA DEL NORDESTE UNNE-CONICET Director: Ing. Agr. Luis A. Mroginski Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste Sargento Cabral 2131 3400 Corrientes - Rep. Argentina Tel.: (54 3783) 422006 / 427589 Fax: (54 3783) 427131 BONPLANDIA Bonplandia, the journal of the Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (IBONE), publishes original scientific articles on taxonomy, anatomy, cytogenetics, palinology, floristics and other subjects dealing primarily with vascular plants. Articles are peer reviewed by two external reviewers. Author’s instructions are published in each issue, and can also be found on the IBONE website at http://ibone.unne.edu.ar Manuscripts and related correspondence should be sent to: Lic. Sara G. Tressens, Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste, 3400, Corrientes, Argentina. Editor in Chief SARA G. TRESSENS Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste Associate Editor Assistant Editor MASSIMILIANO DEMATTEIS MARÍA CECILIA PUIGBÓ Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste Editorial Committee MARÍA MERCEDES ARBO (Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste, Argentina) LUIS ARIZA ESPINAR (Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, Argentina) ORTRUD MONIKA BARTH SCHATZMAYR (Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Brasil) CARMEN L. CRISTÓBAL (Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste, Argentina) AVELIANO FERNÁNDEZ (Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste, Argentina) PAUL FRYXELL (University of Texas, USA) IRMA J. GAMUNDÍ (Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Argentina) ANTONIO KRAPOVICKAS (Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste, Argentina) LESLIE LANDRUM (Arizona State University, USA) MARTA MORBELLI (Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina) JOEL SHORE (York University, Toronto, Canadá) FERNANDO ZULOAGA (Instituto de Botánica Darwinion, Argentina) ISSN 0524-0476 CORRECT CITATION ORIGINAL EDITION: Krapovickas, A. y W. C. Gregory. 1994. Taxonomía del género Arachis (Leguminosae). Bonplandia 8(1-4): 1-186. ISSN 0524-0476. ENGLISH EDITION: Krapovickas, A. & W.C. Gregory. 2006. Taxonomy of the genus Arachis (Leguminosae). Translated by D.E. Williams & C.E. Simpson. Bonplandia 15 (Supl.): 7- . ISSN 0524-0476. FORMATTING AND LAYOUT: MARÍA CECILIA PUIGBÓ This issue was published with support from.... Prologue This English translation of the monograph “Taxonomy of the Genus Arachis (Leguminosae), coauthored by our professor and former director Antonio Krapovickas and Dr. Walton C. Gregory, Professor Emeritus of North Carolina State University, USA, is a source of pride for the Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste. This work has been described by the distinguished American geneticist and plant breeder, Donald Banks, as a “monumental contribution to the understanding of the genus.” Its value, from the academic and agronomic standpoint, is enormous. Sixty-nine species are described and excellently illustrated, collected during numerous expeditions that covered more than 75,000 kilometers across practically all of South America, and involving more than 50 plant explorers from Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, U.S.A. and India in an effort spanning nearly half a century. It is for this reason that I owe my expression of gratitude to Drs. David E. Williams (USDA Foreign Agricultural Service, Washington, DC) and Charles E. Simpson (Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Texas A&M University, Stephenville, TX) for the idea and execution of this translation. I also extend my thanks to their respective wives, Sandra B. Williams and Lynann K. Simpson, for the collaboration they provided. Luis A. Mroginski, Ph.D. Director Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste Translators’ Note This is an English translation of the landmark monograph of the genus Arachis originally published in Spanish in Bonplandia (Vol. 8, Nos. 1-4, pp. 1-186) in 1994. Bonplandia is the journal of the Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (IBONE), located at the Universidad Nacional del Nordeste in Corrientes, Argentina. The first author of the monograph, Prof. Antonio Krapovickas, is the founding director of IBONE, and in whose herbarium are housed the world’s most comprehensive collections of Arachis specimens and Arachis botanical and historical literature. The translation work was conducted over the course of several years in close consultation with the authors, and incorporates portions of English drafts prepared by W.C. Gregory prior to the monograph’s original publication. Great care was taken to maintain the content and editorial style of the authors. However, minor changes in format and punctuation were necessary to conform to Standard English usage, and typographical errors and minor omissions were corrected. In keeping with the ongoing legacy of Arachis research at IBONE, we are pleased to have this translation published as a special supplement of Bonplandia. The authors of this monograph were well aware of the need for a sound botanical treatment of the cultivated peanut and its wild relatives from a genetic resources standpoint, particularly with regard to its usefulness in crop improvement. Going well beyond the merely descriptive scope of most taxonomic monographs, this work integrates a wealth of historical, biological, phylogenetic, ecogeographic and evolutionary information, all of which is synthesized in a coherent and eminently useful format, providing a solid foundation upon which all future peanut research can be confidently based. We hope that this English translation will enable a greater number of people worldwide to have access to this wealth of basic information about the fascinating genus Arachis and its redoubtable cultigen, the peanut. The translators would like to express our profound gratitude to our wives, Sandra Williams and Lynann Simpson, for their constant encouragement, support and patience, and for the long hours they generously contributed to proofreading the numerous drafts of the text. We could never have completed this task without their valued assistance. David E. Williams Charles E. Simpson January 2006 A. Krapovickas andBONPLANDIA W.C. Gregory, 15 Arachis (Supl.): (Leguminosae) 7-XXX. 2006 TAXONOMY OF THE GENUS ARACHIS (LEGUMINOSAE) by Antonio Krapovickas1 and Walton C. Gregory2 Translated by David E. Williams3 and Charles E. Simpson4 1Director, Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste, Casilla de Correo 209, 3400 Corrientes, Argentina. 2Deceased. Formerly WNR Professor of Crop Science, Emeritus, Carolina State University, USA. 3International Affairs Specialist, USDA Foreign Agricultural Service, Washington, DC 20250, USA 4Professor Emeritus, Texas Agric. Exp. Stn., Texas A&M Univ., Stephenville, TX 76401, USA 7 BONPLANDIA 15 (Supl.), 2006 Table of Contents Abstract ......................................................................................................................... Resumen ........................................................................................................................ Introduction .................................................................................................................... History of the Collections ................................................................................................. Summary of Germplasm Explorations ................................................................................ The Fruit of Arachis and its Capabilities ............................................................................. “Socias” or Twin Species ................................................................................................ Intraspecific Variability .................................................................................................... Reproductive Strategies and Speciation ............................................................................. Dispersion ...................................................................................................................... The Sections of Arachis ................................................................................................... Arachis L. ...................................................................................................................... Key for Identifying the Sections ........................................................................................ I. Sect. Trierectoides Krapov. & W.C. Gregory nov. sect. ............................................ Key for distinguishing the species ............................................................................. II. Sect. Erectoides Krapov. & W.C. Gregory nov. sect. ................................................ Key for distinguishing the species ............................................................................. III. Sect. Extranervosae Krapov. & W.C. Gregory nov. sect. ......................................... Key for distinguishing the species ............................................................................. IV. Sect. Triseminatae Krapov. & W.C. Gregory nov. sect. ............................................ V. Sect. Heteranthae
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