DOCSLIB.ORG

Genetic Transformation of Groundnut for Resistance to Tikka Disease” Submitted by Mr

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

GENETIC TRANSFORMATION OF GROUNDNUT FOR RESISTANCE TO TIKKA DISEASE MAHMOOD UL HASSAN 95-arid-52 Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics Faculty of Crop and Food Sciences Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi Pakistan 2013 GENETIC TRANSFORMATION OF GROUNDNUT FOR RESISTANCE TO TIKKA DISEASE by MAHMOOD UL HASSAN (95-arid-52) A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Plant Breeding and Genetics Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics Faculty of Crop and Food Sciences Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi Pakistan 2013 ii CERTIFICATION I hereby undertake that this research is an original one and no part of this thesis falls under plagiarism. If found otherwise, at any stage, I will be responsible for the consequences. Student’s Name: Mahmood ul Hassan Signature: ___________________ Registration No: _____95-arid-52_____ Date: _______________________ Certified that the contents and form of thesis entitled “Genetic Transformation of Groundnut for Resistance to Tikka Disease” submitted by Mr. Mahmood ul Hassan have been found satisfactory for the requirement of the degree. Supervisor: ___________________________ (Dr. Zahid Akram) Co-Supervisor: ___________________________ (Dr. Yusuf Zafar) Member: __________________________ (Dr. Ghulam Shabbir) Member: __________________________ (Dr. Tariq Mukhtar) Chairperson: _________________________ Dean: _______________________________ Director, Advanced Studies: _____________________________ iii "In the Name of Allah, the most Beneficent, the most Merciful" iv DEDICATED TO UNFATHOMABLE LOVE OF MY PARENTS v CONTENTS Page List of Tables xi List of Figures xiii List of Abbreviations xvi Acknowledgements xviii ABSTRACT 1 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 3 2 IN VITRO REGENERATION FROM COTYLEDONS 7 2.1 INTRODUCTION 7 2.2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 9 2.3 MATERIALS AND METHODS 12 2.3.1 Explant Preparation 12 2.3.2 Data analysis 14 2.4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 14 2.4.1 Number of Responding Explants (%) 14 2.4.2 No. of shoots/responding explants (%) 15 2.4.3 Rooting percentage 15 3 STANDARDIZATION OF IN VITRO CULTURE SYSTEM FROM 26 LEAF DISCS 3.1 INTRODUCTION 26 3.2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 27 3.3 MATERIALS AND METHODS 30 3.3.1 Explant preparation 30 vi 3.3.2 Medium and Culture Conditions 31 3.3.3 Data analysis 33 3.4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 33 3.4.1 Number of Responding Explants (%) 33 3.4.2 No. of shoots/responding explants 34 3.4.3 Rooting percentage 34 4 STANDARDIZATION OF IN VITRO REGENERATION VIA CALLUS 41 INDUCTION 4.1 INTRODUCTION 41 4.2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 42 4.3 MATERIALS AND METHODS 45 4.3.1 Explant Preparation 45 4.3.2 Culture Medium and Conditions 46 4.3.3 Data Analysis 46 4.4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 47 4.4.1 Number of Responding Explants (%) 47 4.4.2 Number of Differentiated Embryos/ Responding Explant 48 4.4.3 Germination Percentage of Embryos 48 5 AGROBACTERIUM MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION 55 5.1 INTRODUCTION 55 5.2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 56 5.3 MATERIALS AND METHODS 72 5.3.1 Explant Preparation 72 5.3.2 Bacterial Strain and Vector 73 vii 5.3.3 Determination of Lethal Dose of Hygromycin for In Vitro 73 Grown Shoots 5.3.4 Selection and Rooting of Putative Transformed Shoots 74 5.3.5 PCR Analysis of Putative Transgenic Plants 74 5.3.6 Gel Electrophoresis 75 5.3.7 Southern Blot 75 5.3.8 Determination of Lethal Dose of Hygromycin for Field Grown 77 T1 Plants 5.3.9 Selection of T1 Plants 77 5.3.10 Pathogenicity Test 77 5.3.11 RT-PCR Analysis 78 5.4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 78 5.4.1 Effect of Co-Cultivation Period and Acetosyringone 78 Concentration 5.4.1.1 Co-cultivation Period 78 5.4.1.2 Acetosyringone 79 5.4.2 Determination Of Lethal Dose Of Hygromycin For In Vitro 80 Grown Shoots 5.4.3 PCR analysis of Putative Transgenic Plants 80 5.4.4 Southern Blot 80 5.4.5 T1 Generation 80 5.4.6 Determination of Lethal Dose of Hygromycin for Field Grown 85 Plants 5.4.7 Selection of T1 Plants 85 viii 5.4.8 Pathogenicity Test for Intact Plants 85 5.4.9 RT-PCR Analysis 85 6 SILICON CARBIDE WHISKER MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION 91 6.1 INTRODUCTION 91 6.2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 92 6.3 MATERIALS AND METHODS 96 6.3.1 Production of Embryogenic Callus 96 6.3.2 Preparation of Silicon Carbide Whiskers and DNA Delivery 96 6.3.3 Selection for Stable Transformants 96 6.3.4 PCR analysis 97 6.3.5 Selection of T1 Plants 97 6.3.6 Pathogenicity test for intact plants 97 6.3.7 RT-PCR analysis 98 6.4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 98 6.4.1 T0 generation 100 6.4.2 T1 generation 100 6.4.3 Pathogenicity test 100 6.4.4 RT-PCR analysis 104 7 TRANSFORMATION USING GENE GUN 106 7.1 INTRODUCTION 106 7.2 REVIEW OF LITEATURE 108 7.3 MATERIALS AND METHODS 111 7.3.1 Production of Embryogenic Callus 111 7.3.2 Preparation of Micro-carriers 112 ix 7.3.3 Coating DNA onto Micro Particles 112 7.3.4 Selection of Transformants 113 7.3.5 PCR analysis 113 7.3.6 Selection of T1 Plants 114 7.3.7 Pathogenicity test for intact plants 114 7.3.8 RT-PCR analysis 114 7.4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 115 7.4.1 T0 generation 115 7.4.2 T1 generation 117 7.4.3 Pathogenicity test 117 7.4.4 RT-PCR analysis 120 8 GENERAL DISCUSSION 124 SUMMARY 135 LITERATURE CITED 139 x LIST OF TABLES Table No. Page 2.1 Treatments (Hormone Combination Used) 16 2.2 Hormone concentrations for root induction 16 2.3 Analysis of variance for number responding explants (%) 16 2.4 Analysis of variance for No. of shoots/responding explants (%). 17 2.5 Analysis of variance for rooting percentage 19 2.6 Duncan's Multiple Range Test for ranking of treatments with 20 respect to rooting percentage 2.7 Duncan's Multiple Range Test for ranking of varieties with rooted 20 plants/explant (% 3.1 Treatments (Hormone Combination Used) 32 3.2 Analysis of variance for number responding explants (%) 35 3.3 Analysis of variance for No. of shoots/responding explants 37 3.4 Analysis of variance for rooting percentage 38 3.5 Duncan's Multiple Range Test for ranking of treatments with 38 respect to rooting percentage 3.6 Duncan's Multiple Range Test for ranking of varieties with rooting 38 percentage. 4.1 Analysis of variance for number responding explants (%) 49 4.2 Analysis of variance for No. of embryos/responding explants 50 4.3 Analysis of variance for germination percentage 52 4.4 Duncan's Multiple Range Test for ranking of treatments with 52 respect to germination percentage xi 4.5 Duncan's Multiple Range Test for ranking of varieties with respect 52 to germination percentage 5.1 Quantities of different reagents in PCR mixture 76 5.2 Analysis of variance for factors affecting transformation efficiency 81 5.3 Mean values of transformation efficiency at different co- 81 cultivation periods ranked by Duncun’s Multiple Range Test 5.4 Mean values of transformation efficiency at different 82 acetosyringone concentrations ranked by Duncun’s Multiple Range Test 5.5 Table of means for Infection frequency (IF, number of lesions/cm2 85 leaf area), incubation period (IP, number of days from inoculation to appearance of first lesion), lesion diameter (LD), leaf area damage (LAD) and disease score of transgenic and control plant 5.6 Modified 9-point scale used for screening groundnut genotypes for 90 resistance to late leaf spot disease 6.1 Analysis of variance for factors affecting transformation efficiency 99 7.1 Analysis of variance for factors affecting transformation efficiency 116 7.2 Mean values of transformation efficiency at different distances as 116 ranked by Duncan's Multiple Range Test 7.3 Mean values of transformation efficiency at different particle size 116 as ranked by Duncan's Multiple Range Test xii LIST OF FIGURES Fig. No Page 2.1 Duncan's Multiple Range Test for ranking of interaction means with 17 respect to number of responding explants (%). 2.2 Duncan's Multiple Range Test for ranking of interaction means with 19 respect to No. of shoots/responding explants (%) 2.3 Bunch of spontaneous roots emerged from point of contact with 20 solid surface due to mechanical stress 2.4 Grafting in groundnut 23 2.5 Different steps in peanut tissue culture 24 3.1 Duncan's Multiple Range Test for ranking of interaction means with 35 respect to number of responding explants (%) 3.2 Duncan's Multiple Range Test for ranking of interaction means with 37 respect to No. of shoots/responding explants 3.3 Different steps of shoot induction from leaf discs 40 4.1 Duncan's Multiple Range Test for ranking of interaction means with 49 respect to number of responding explants (%) 4.2 Duncan's Multiple Range Test for ranking of interaction means with 50 respect to No. of embryos/responding explants 4.3 Different steps in peanut somatic embryogensis 54 5.1 Diagram for vector containing RCG-3 under EN4 promoter 76 5.2 Effect of acetosyringone and length of co-cultivation period on 82 production of hygromycin resistant shoots (%) xiii 5.3 Amplification of RCG 3 gene fragment by PCR in 4 surviving T0 83 plants. 5.4 Southern blot analysis of four surviving T0 plants 83 5.5 Cut twigs of plants on different concentrations of hygromycin 84 5.6 Amplification of RCG 3 gene fragment by PCR in T1 plants 84 5.7 Pathogenicity test of intact plants for susceptibility to late leaf spot 87 disease 5.8 Means for Infection frequency, incubation period, lesion diameter, 87 leaf area damage and disease score of transgenic and control plants 5.9 RT-PCR for RCG-3 gene in T1 plants.
Recommended publications
  • Pathogen-Induced Addjski of the Wild Peanut, Arachis Diogoi, Potentiates

    Pathogen-Induced Addjski of the Wild Peanut, Arachis Diogoi, Potentiates

    http://www.diva-portal.org Postprint This is the accepted version of a paper published in . This paper has been peer-reviewed but does not include the final publisher proof-corrections or journal pagination. Citation for the original published paper (version of record): Bag, P. (2018) Pathogen-induced AdDjSKI of the wild peanut, Arachisdiogoi, potentiates tolerance of multiple stresses in E. coli andtobacco Plant Science https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.03.033 Access to the published version may require subscription. N.B. When citing this work, cite the original published paper. Permanent link to this version: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-156687 Pathogen-induced AdDjSKI of the wild peanut, Arachis diogoi, potentiates tolerance of multiple stresses in E. coli and tobacco Sakshi Rampuria1*, Pushan Bag1, Conner J Rogan2, Akanksha Sharma1, Walter Gassmann3, P.B Kirti1, 1Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. 2Division of Biological Sciences, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA. 3Division of Plant Sciences, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA. *Correspondence: Sakshi Rampuria, Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. Tel.: +914023134545; Fax: +914023010120. P.B Kirti [email protected] Highlights Chloroplastic AdDjSKI enhances tolerance of E.coli against salinity, osmotic, acidic and alkaline stress conditions. AdDjSKI over expression lines in tobacco exhibits enhanced heat, salinity, drought and osmotic stress tolerance along with enhanced disease resistance against phytopathogenic fungi P.
  • 09-Plantas Alimentícias.Indd

    09-Plantas Alimentícias.Indd

    Iheringia Série Botânica Museu de Ciências Naturais ISSN ON-LINE 2446-8231 Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul Lista preliminar das plantas alimentícias nativas de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil Ieda Maria Bortolotto, Geraldo Alves Damasceno-Junior & Arnildo Pott Fundação Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Instituto de Biociências, Laboratório de Botânica. Bairro Universitário, CEP 79070-900, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul. [email protected] Recebido em 27.IX.2014 Aceito em 17.V.2016 DOI 10.21826/2446-8231201873s101 RESUMO – Apresentamos o inventário preliminar das plantas alimentícias silvestres do Mato Grosso do Sul usadas na dieta humana ou com potencial para uso. Incluímos espécies que constam em publicações e em trabalhos inéditos dos autores, cujas coletas, realizadas no estado, estão incorporadas nos herbários CGMS, COR e CPAP. Adicionalmente, foram incluídas espécies de Arecaceae, coletadas no estado depositadas em outros Herbários e espécies dos gêneros Arachis, Dioscorea e Passifl ora que constam na Lista de Espécies da Flora do Brasil para o Mato Grosso do Sul. Foram encontradas 294 espécies, distribuídas em 160 gêneros e 67 famílias botânicas. As famílias mais ricas foram Fabaceae (49) e Myrtaceae (38), seguidas por Arecaceae (32) e Passifl oraceae (12). Esta é a primeira listagem de espécies alimentícias do estado. Palavras chaves: frutos comestíveis, Cerrado, Pantanal ABSTRACT – Preliminary list of native food plants of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil - We present a preliminary inventory of wild food plants found in Mato Grosso do Sul that are used in human diet or potentially useful. Species were compiled from publications and from data collected by the authors; specimens deposited in CGMS, COR and CPAP herbaria were also included.
  • Peanut Science

    Peanut Science

    PEANUT SCIENCE VOLUME 31 JULy-DECEMBER 2004 NUMBER 2 Phenotypic and Molecular Evaluation of Interspecific Peanut (Arachis) Lines W.P.Anderson'>, G. Kocherr', C.C. Holbrook', and H.T. Stalker' ABSTRACT molecular markers to tag resistance genes for use in Peanut breeders are constantly in search of new conventional breeding programs and stack these genes sources of genes that confer tolerance or resistance to in highly productive peanut cultivars. biotic and abiotic stresses to improve the production and quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate peanut lines generated from interspecific crosses for Key Words: Root-knot nematode, RFLP, AFLP, amounts of wild species introgression, including genes for resistance to peanut root-knot nematodes, tomato disease resistance. spotted wilt virus and leaf spot diseases. Nine diploid Arachis species were crossed with peanut breeding lines and 130 different interspecific hybrid lines were Improvement of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) culti­ developed. These lines were evaluated for the amount vars has historically been achieved by crossing elite by of introgression using RFLP analyses, plant elite genotypes. This procedure often results in genotypes morphology, and disease resistant phenotypes. Based withhigher yields, but may cause vulnerability to biotic on RFLPs, 41 lines showed measurable introgression and/or abiotic stresses. During the last few decades peanut and 12 hexaploid-derived lines were polymorphic for breeding programs have attempted to incorporate genes at least four probes. Greenhouse and field evaluations for increased tolerance or resistance to known diseases indicated that resistance was not present in the lines tested for tomato spotted wilt virus, early leaf spot, or of peanut.
  • Taxonomy of the Genus Arachis (Leguminosae)

    Taxonomy of the Genus Arachis (Leguminosae)

    BONPLANDIA16 (Supi): 1-205.2007 BONPLANDIA 16 (SUPL.): 1-205. 2007 TAXONOMY OF THE GENUS ARACHIS (LEGUMINOSAE) by AntonioKrapovickas1 and Walton C. Gregory2 Translatedby David E. Williams3and Charles E. Simpson4 director,Instituto de Botánicadel Nordeste, Casilla de Correo209, 3400 Corrientes, Argentina, deceased.Formerly WNR Professor ofCrop Science, Emeritus, North Carolina State University, USA. 'InternationalAffairs Specialist, USDA Foreign Agricultural Service, Washington, DC 20250,USA. 4ProfessorEmeritus, Texas Agrie. Exp. Stn., Texas A&M Univ.,Stephenville, TX 76401,USA. 7 This content downloaded from 195.221.60.18 on Tue, 24 Jun 2014 00:12:00 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions BONPLANDIA16 (Supi), 2007 Table of Contents Abstract 9 Resumen 10 Introduction 12 History of the Collections 15 Summary of Germplasm Explorations 18 The Fruit of Arachis and its Capabilities 20 "Sócias" or Twin Species 24 IntraspecificVariability 24 Reproductive Strategies and Speciation 25 Dispersion 27 The Sections of Arachis ; 27 Arachis L 28 Key for Identifyingthe Sections 33 I. Sect. Trierectoides Krapov. & W.C. Gregorynov. sect. 34 Key for distinguishingthe species 34 II. Sect. Erectoides Krapov. & W.C. Gregory nov. sect. 40 Key for distinguishingthe species 41 III. Sect. Extranervosae Krapov. & W.C. Gregory nov. sect. 67 Key for distinguishingthe species 67 IV. Sect. Triseminatae Krapov. & W.C. Gregory nov. sect. 83 V. Sect. Heteranthae Krapov. & W.C. Gregory nov. sect. 85 Key for distinguishingthe species 85 VI. Sect. Caulorrhizae Krapov. & W.C. Gregory nov. sect. 94 Key for distinguishingthe species 95 VII. Sect. Procumbentes Krapov. & W.C. Gregory nov. sect. 99 Key for distinguishingthe species 99 VIII. Sect.
  • In Vitro Tissue Culture of Wild Arachis

    In Vitro Tissue Culture of Wild Arachis

    IN VIRTO AND IN VIVO EVALUATION OF Arachis paraguariensis AND A. glabrata GERMPLASM By OLUBUNMI OLUFUNBI AINA A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2011 1 © 2011 Olubunmi O. Aina 2 To my late father Isaac O. Ajani 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS It is a great privilege to be mentored and advised by such a knowledgeable and experienced professor like Dr. Kenneth H. Quesenberry. I sincerely thank him for the opportunity to join his team, as well as for his patience and support. His desire to see his student succeed in every aspect of life is worthy of acknowledgment and emulation. I would like to express my gratitude to all the members of my supervisory committee, Drs. Mike Kane, Barry Tillman, Maria Gallo, and Yoana Newman for giving me so much support, reassurance, and inspiration throughout this project. I am also thankful to Dr. Fredy Altpeter whose assistance always exceeded expectation. The staff at the University of Florida College of Medicine Electron Microscopy Core Facility is acknowledged for their assistance with the histological studies. I am thankful to my past and present lab members, as well as Judy Dampier, Gearry Durden, Justin McKinney and Jim Boyer for their help with the field evaluation aspect of this study. I am thankful to April, Bensa, and their entire family, as well as the families of other soccer moms who have invited my son to their home for sleepovers when I needed to work overnight on this dissertation.
  • Stratagies for the Production of Chemically Consistent Plantlets of Silybum Marianum L

    Stratagies for the Production of Chemically Consistent Plantlets of Silybum Marianum L

    STRATAGIES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CHEMICALLY CONSISTENT PLANTLETS OF SILYBUM MARIANUM L. By MUBARAK ALI KHAN DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY QUAID-I-AZAM UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD, PAKISTAN 2015 Strategies for the Production of Chemically Consistent Plantlets of Silybum marianum L. Thesis submitted to The Department of Biotechnology Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad In the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy In BIOTECHNOLOGY BY MUBARAK ALI KHAN Supervised by Dr. BILAL HAIDER ABBASI Department of Biotechnology Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan 2015 DECLARATION The whole of the experimental work included in this thesis was carried out by me in the Plant Cell Culture Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan and in Mass spectrometry laboratory, The University of Sheffield United Kingdom. The findings and conclusions are of my own investigation with discussion of my supervisor Dr. Bilal Haider Abbasi. No part of this work has been presented for any other degree. MUBARAK ALI KHAN ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The successful completion of this journey is due to the combined efforts of many people. Ph.D is a long and complicated journey. During this journey, I was helped by many and I would like to show my gratitude to all of them. This work would not have been finished without their help. Primary, I would greatly appreciate my supervisor Dr. Bilal Haider Abbasi, Assistant Professor, Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad for his dynamic supervision. It is his confidence, imbibing attitude, splendid discussions and endless endeavors through which i have gained significant experience. My special thanks are due to Prof.
  • First Molecular Phylogeny of the Pantropical Genus Dalbergia: Implications for Infrageneric Circumscription and Biogeography

    First Molecular Phylogeny of the Pantropical Genus Dalbergia: Implications for Infrageneric Circumscription and Biogeography

    SAJB-00970; No of Pages 7 South African Journal of Botany xxx (2013) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect South African Journal of Botany journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/sajb First molecular phylogeny of the pantropical genus Dalbergia: implications for infrageneric circumscription and biogeography Mohammad Vatanparast a,⁎, Bente B. Klitgård b, Frits A.C.B. Adema c, R. Toby Pennington d, Tetsukazu Yahara e, Tadashi Kajita a a Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi, Inage, Chiba, Japan b Herbarium, Library, Art and Archives, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom c NHN Section, Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands d Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20a Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, EH3 5LR, United Kingdom e Department of Biology, Kyushu University, Japan article info abstract Article history: The genus Dalbergia with c. 250 species has a pantropical distribution. In spite of the high economic and eco- Received 19 May 2013 logical value of the genus, it has not yet been the focus of a species level phylogenetic study. We utilized ITS Received in revised form 29 June 2013 nuclear sequence data and included 64 Dalbergia species representative of its entire geographic range to pro- Accepted 1 July 2013 vide a first phylogenetic framework of the genus to evaluate previous infrageneric classifications based on Available online xxxx morphological data. The phylogenetic analyses performed suggest that Dalbergia is monophyletic and that fi Edited by JS Boatwright it probably originated in the New World. Several clades corresponding to sections of these previous classi - cations are revealed.
  • An Overview of Peanut and Its Wild Relatives

    An Overview of Peanut and Its Wild Relatives

    q NIAB 2011 Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization (2011) 9(1); 134–149 ISSN 1479-2621 doi:10.1017/S1479262110000444 An overview of peanut and its wild relatives David J. Bertioli1,2*, Guillermo Seijo3, Fabio O. Freitas4, Jose´ F. M. Valls4, Soraya C. M. Leal-Bertioli4 and Marcio C. Moretzsohn4 1University of Brası´lia, Institute of Biological Sciences, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brası´lia-DF, Brazil, 2Catholic University of Brası´lia, Biotechnology and Genomic Sciences, Brası´lia-DF, Brazil, 3Laboratorio de Citogene´tica y Evolucio´n, Instituto de Bota´nica del Nordeste, Corrientes, Argentina and 4Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB Final W3 Norte, Brası´lia-DF, Brazil Abstract The legume Arachis hypogaea, commonly known as peanut or groundnut, is a very important food crop throughout the tropics and sub-tropics. The genus is endemic to South America being mostly associated with the savannah-like Cerrado. All species in the genus are unusual among legumes in that they produce their fruit below the ground. This profoundly influences their biology and natural distributions. The species occur in diverse habitats including grass- lands, open patches of forest and even in temporarily flooded areas. Based on a number of criteria, including morphology and sexual compatibilities, the 80 described species are arranged in nine infrageneric taxonomic sections. While most wild species are diploid, cultivated peanut is a tetraploid. It is of recent origin and has an AABB-type genome. The most probable ancestral species are Arachis duranensis and Arachis ipae¨nsis, which contributed the A and B genome components, respectively. Although cultivated peanut is tetraploid, genetically it behaves as a diploid, the A and B chromosomes only rarely pairing during meiosis.
  • Author's Personal Copy

    Author's Personal Copy

    Author's personal copy Provided for non-commercial research and educational use only. Not for reproduction, distribution or commercial use. This chapter was originally published in the book Peanuts. The copy attached is provided by Elsevier for the author's benefit and for the benefit of the author's institution, for non-commercial research, and educational use. This includes without limitation use in instruction at your institution, distribution to specific colleagues, and providing a copy to your institution's administrator. All other uses, reproduction and distribution, including without limitation commercial reprints, selling or licensing copies or access, or posting on open internet sites, your personal or institution’s website or repository, are prohibited. For exceptions, permission may be sought for such use through Elsevier’s permissions site at: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/permissionusematerial From Stalker, H.T., Tallury, S.P., Seijo, G.R., Leal-Bertioli, S.C., 2016. Biology, Speciation, and Utilization of Peanut Species. In: Stalker, H.T., Wilson, R.F. (Eds.), Peanuts: Genetics, Processing, and Utilization. Academic Press and AOCS Press, pp. 27–66. ISBN: 9781630670382 Copyright © 2016 AOCS Press. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Academic Press and AOCS Press Author's personal copy Chapter 2 Biology, Speciation, and Utilization of Peanut Species H. Thomas Stalker1, Shyamalrau P. Tallury2, Guillermo R. Seijo3, Soraya C. Leal-Bertioli4 1Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; 2Pee Dee Research and Education Center, Clemson University, Florence, SC, USA; 3Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Corrientes, Argentina; 4Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, Brazil OVERVIEW Peanut, also known as groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.), is a native new world crop.
  • Genomic Characterisation of Arachis Porphyrocalyx (Valls & C.E

    Genomic Characterisation of Arachis Porphyrocalyx (Valls & C.E

    COMPARATIVE A peer-reviewed open-access journal CompCytogenGenomic 11(1): 29–43 characterisation (2017) of Arachis porphyrocalyx (Valls & C.E. Simpson, 2005)... 29 doi: 10.3897/CompCytogen.v11i1.10339 RESEARCH ARTICLE Cytogenetics http://compcytogen.pensoft.net International Journal of Plant & Animal Cytogenetics, Karyosystematics, and Molecular Systematics Genomic characterisation of Arachis porphyrocalyx (Valls & C.E. Simpson, 2005) (Leguminosae): multiple origin of Arachis species with x = 9 Silvestri María Celeste1, Alejandra Marcela Ortiz1,2, Germán Ariel Robledo1,2, José Francisco Montenegro Valls3, Graciela Inés Lavia1,2 1 Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (CONICET-UNNE, Fac. Cs. Agrarias), Sargento Cabral 2131, C.C. 209, 3400 Corrientes, Argentina 2 Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura, UNNE, Av. Libertad 5460, 3400 Corrientes, Argentina 3 Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, DF, Brasil Corresponding author: Graciela Inés Lavia ([email protected]) Academic editor: S. Zhirov | Received 30 August 2016 | Accepted 31 October 2016 | Published 9 January 2017 http://zoobank.org/9AC5C097-E3B5-458B-BA04-8F584772D3EE Citation: Silvestri MC, Ortiz AM Robledo GA, Valls JFM, Lavia GI (2017) Genomic characterisation of Arachis porphyrocalyx (Valls & C.E. Simpson, 2005) (Leguminosae): multiple origin of Arachis species with x = 9. Comparative Cytogenetics 11(1): 29–43. https://doi.org/10.3897/CompCytogen.v11i1.10339 Abstract The genus Arachis Linnaeus, 1753 comprises four species with x = 9, three belong to the section Arachis: Arachis praecox (Krapov. W.C. Greg. & Valls, 1994), Arachis palustris (Krapov. W.C. Greg. & Valls, 1994) and Arachis decora (Krapov. W.C. Greg. & Valls, 1994) and only one belongs to the section Erectoides: Arachis porphyrocalyx (Valls & C.E.
  • New Tools to Screen Wild Peanut Species for Aflatoxin Accumulation and Genetic Fingerprinting

    New Tools to Screen Wild Peanut Species for Aflatoxin Accumulation and Genetic Fingerprinting

    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln U.S. Department of Agriculture: Agricultural Publications from USDA-ARS / UNL Faculty Research Service, Lincoln, Nebraska 2018 New tools to screen wild peanut species for aflatoxin accumulation and genetic fingerprinting Renee S. Arias U.S.D.A. National Peanut Research Laboratory, [email protected] Victor S. Sobolev U.S.D.A. National Peanut Research Laboratory, [email protected] Alicia N. Massa U.S.D.A. National Peanut Research Laboratory, [email protected] Valerie A. Omer U.S.D.A. National Peanut Research Laboratory Travis E. Walk U.S.D.A. National Peanut Research Laboratory See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usdaarsfacpub Arias, Renee S.; Sobolev, Victor S.; Massa, Alicia N.; Omer, Valerie A.; Walk, Travis E.; Ballard, Linda L.; Simpson, Sheron A.; Puppala, Naveen; Scheffler, Brian E.; de Blas, Francisco; and Seijo, Guillermo J., "New tools to screen wild peanut species for aflatoxin accumulation and genetic fingerprinting" (2018). Publications from USDA-ARS / UNL Faculty. 2076. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usdaarsfacpub/2076 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the U.S. Department of Agriculture: Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln, Nebraska at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Publications from USDA-ARS / UNL Faculty by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Authors Renee S. Arias, Victor S. Sobolev, Alicia N. Massa, Valerie A. Omer, Travis E. Walk, Linda L. Ballard, Sheron A. Simpson, Naveen Puppala, Brian E.
  • WO 2017/202946 Al 30 November 2017 (30.11.2017) W !P O PCT

    WO 2017/202946 Al 30 November 2017 (30.11.2017) W !P O PCT

    (12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2017/202946 Al 30 November 2017 (30.11.2017) W !P O PCT (51) International Patent Classification: Published: C12N 9/5 (2006.01) — with international search report (Art. 21(3)) (21) International Application Number: — before the expiration of the time limit for amending the PCT/EP2017/062598 claims and to be republished in the event of receipt of amendments (Rule 48.2(h)) (22) International Filing Date: — with sequence listing part of description (Rule 5.2(a)) 24 May 2017 (24.05.2017) (25) Filing Language: English (26) Publication Langi English (30) Priority Data: 16170964.7 24 May 2016 (24.05.2016) EP (71) Applicant: NOVOZYMES A/S [DK/DK]; Krogshoejvej 36, 2880 Bagsvaerd (DK). (72) Inventors: CARSTENSEN, Lone; Krogshoejvej 36, 2880 Bagsvaerd (DK). SPODSBERG, Nikolaj; Krogshoejvej 36, 2880 Bagsvaerd (DK). GJERMANSEN, Morten; Krogshoejvej 36, 2880 Bagsvaerd (DK). SALOMON, Jes- per; Krogshoejvej 36, 2880 Bagsvaerd (DK). KROGH, Kristian, B,R,M,; Krogshoejvej 36, 2880 Bagsvaerd (DK). (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DJ, DK, DM, DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JP, KE, KG, KH, KN, KP, KR, KW, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SA, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY,TH, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW.