SPA181 Mozart Grossbesetzte

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SPA181 Mozart Grossbesetzte Die Neue Mozart-Ausgabe 1 Vorwort Drei Meter in Rot. Die Neue Mozart-Ausgabe Mozarts – einen wissenschaftlich einwand- macht Eindruck. 130 rote Leinenbände wer- freien Text, der zugleich die Bedürfnisse der den es sein, wenn sie pünktlich zum Mozart- musikalischen Praxis berücksichtigt« – so zu Jahr 2006 ihren Abschluss erreicht hat. lesen im Standard-Vorwort in jedem Noten- Was die NMA zu einer Größe in der Musik- band. Damit ist ein doppelter Anspruch for- welt macht, ist ihre editorische Qualität, die muliert, der zwei Elemente in sich vereinigt, sie mit ihren oft kopierten Maßstäben vor- die auf einen ersten Blick gar nicht verein- gibt. Als die Internationale Stiftung Mozar- bar sind: Wissenschaftlichkeit und Praxis- teum Salzburg 1954 den Beginn einer Neuen bezug. Der wissenschaftliche Anspruch der Ausgabe sämtlicher Werke von Wolfgang NMA wird durch die strikte Anwendung Amadeus Mozart öffentlich proklamierte, moderner philologischer Methoden bei der gab es nicht wenige Skeptiker, die einem Erarbeitung der Werke garantiert. Doch ist solchen Riesenunternehmen ein Ende pro- diese editorische Arbeit selbst an den tadel- phezeiten, noch ehe es recht begonnen hatte. los gestochenen Notentexten allein nicht in Heute hingegen gibt es niemanden mehr, jedem Fall ablesbar: Um ihr Ausmaß zu der die singuläre Leistung der NMA ernst- ermitteln, muss sich der Benutzer zur Lek- haft bestreitet. Es steht eine Ausgabe kurz türe der zumeist recht umfangreichen Band- vor der Vollendung, in die unschätzbar viel vorworte bequemen, und wer es genauer editorische Sorgfalt, musikwissenschaft- wissen will, sollte sich nicht scheuen, die liche Forschung, technisches Können und zugehörigen Kritischen Berichte zur Hand nicht zuletzt unternehmerischer Pioniergeist zu nehmen, wo er über die Quellen und auch geflossen sind. Entstanden ist eine Mozart- über Einzelentscheidungen des Herausge- Ausgabe, die ihresgleichen nicht hat: Dank bers umfassend informiert wird. »Wissen- der NMA steht Mozarts Werk heute in sei- schaftlich einwandfreie Texte« sind oberstes nem Reichtum und in seiner Differenziert- Ziel der NMA, doch hat sie auch Bereiche heit zur Verfügung wie nie zuvor. des mozartschen Schaffens zum Bewusstsein gebracht, die bislang wenig beachtet wor- Die gesamte herausgeberische Arbeit liegt den sind: »Mozart als Lernender« durch die seit Anbeginn in der Verantwortung der Edi- Publikation der Notenbücher, oder »Mozart tionsleitung und deren internationaler Mit- als Lehrer« durch die Ausgaben der Kompo- arbeiter. Keine andere Ausgabe von Mozarts sitionsstudien der Mozart-Schüler Attwood, Werk verfügt über einen solchen Stab an Freistädtler und Ployer. Und auch Mozarts Mozart-Spezialisten, über solch ein dynami- Schaffensweise ist durch die aufwendigen sches Gremium an Forschern und Heraus- Editionen sämtlicher Skizzen und Fragmen- gebern. Nur so konnten Texte entstehen, die te nachvollziehbarer geworden. Hinzu kom- über mehr als ein halbes Jahrhundert hinweg men Materialien wie die Dokumente seines als die verlässliche Autorität schlechthin gel- Lebens oder die umfassenden Untersuchun- ten, wenn es um Mozart geht. gen der Notenpapiere, auf denen Mozart seine Werke niedergeschrieben hat. »Die Neue Mozart-Ausgabe (NMA) bietet Was aber hat das alles mit dem immer wieder der Forschung auf Grund aller erreichba- beschworenen »Praxisbezug« zu tun? rer Quellen – in erster Linie der Autographe 2 »Der Wissenschaftler« – schreibt Karl Vötterle, Solo- und Chorsänger verlangen für die Ein- der Gründer des Bärenreiter-Verlages, 1956 – studierung ihrer Partien nach Klavierauszü- »benötigt wie ehedem für seine Forschungen gen, und schließlich meldet sich auch noch selbstverständlich den Urtext. Daß aber auch der Musikstudent zu Wort, der für seine der ausübende Musiker immer mehr dazu Mozart-Studien die Texte gern in preiswer- übergeht, die Werke großer Komponisten ten und handlichen Studienpartituren besit- nicht nach Bearbeitungen, die notwendiger- zen möchte. weise voller subjektiver Zutaten sind, son- dern nach den kritischen, quellengetreuen Die Herstellung und Finanzierung dieses Urtextausgaben zu spielen, also nach Aus- Komplexes stellt für den Verlag, der sie allein gaben, die auf wissenschaftlicher Grundla- zu leisten hat, eine echte Herausforderung ge entstanden sind, ist ein Novum.« Damit dar – angesichts von Bedeutung und Umfang wird die Idee eines neuen Typus von Noten- des Œuvres, das Mozart in den knapp 30 ausgaben entworfen, der Typus der wissen- Jahren seiner kreativen Lebenszeit zu Papier schaftlich-praktischen Ausgabe, in der Regel gebracht hat: etwa 20 Bühnenwerke, über »Urtext-Ausgabe« genannt. Das Verhältnis 50 Sinfonien, rund 40 Solokonzerte, Messen zwischen Wissenschaftlichkeit und Praxis- und andere Kirchenwerke, dazu Beiträge bezug lässt sich auf die lapidare Formel brin- zu fast allen Gattungen der Kammermusik, gen: Je penibler die Methoden, desto zuver- angefangen von Duos über die immerhin lässiger die Noten. 23 Streichquartette und Kammermusikwer- ke unterschiedlicher Besetzung bis hin zu Das hat weit reichende Konsequenzen – den größer besetzten Bläserserenaden und zumal für den Verlag, der den Auftrag ernst vieles mehr. nimmt, jede neue Ausgabe der Praxis auch Bärenreiter hat die Umsetzung der Gesamt- tatsächlich bereitzustellen. Der »wissen- ausgabenbände in »Urtext-Ausgaben« von schaftlich einwandfreie Text« wird innerhalb fast allen Werken Mozarts als ernste Ver- der NMA fast ausschließlich in Form von pflichtung begriffen und ist so in einem Partituren publiziert, die natürlich auf den umfassenden Sinne einer Devise gefolgt, die Pulten von Pianisten und Dirigenten ihren Ludwig Ritter von Köchel, dem wir das Platz finden – und dort auch direkt benutzt bekannte Mozart-Werkverzeichnis verdan- werden können. Doch die Musiker eines ken, einst niedergeschrieben hat: »Ein großer Streichquartetts spielen aus Stimmen, ebenso Genius kann nicht würdiger geehrt werden, die Orchestermusiker auf der Konzertbühne als durch eine correcte Ausgabe seiner sämt- und im Orchestergraben des Opernhauses, lichen Werke.« 3 Preface Three meters of bright red. The New Mozart into account the needs of performers.” Thus Edition is certainly impressive! When it reads the standard preface appended to every reaches completion in time for Mozart’s volume in the series. It represents a dual anniversary celebrations in 2006, it will claim combining two elements that seem, at consist of no fewer than 130 hardbound red first glance, mutually contradictory: scholarly volumes. exactitude and practical relevance. The But the thing that makes the NMA so NMA meets its scholarly claim by rigorously outstanding in the world of music is its applying modern text-critical methods editorial quality, which has set new standards in the preparation of each volume. Yet the frequently copied elsewhere. When the editorial labors are not always apparent in International Mozarteum Foundation the clear musical texts themselves. To gain publicly announced its intention to launch a an impression of their true extent, users must complete edition of Mozart’s works in 1954, take the trouble to read the usually lengthy there were many sceptics who predicted that Vorworte to each volume. Those who want an the huge project would founder before it truly even clearer impression are invited to consult got underway. Yet today no one seriously the associated Kritische Berichte, where they questions the unique achievement of the will find exhaustive information on the source NMA. The almost finished project represents materials and editorial decisions. a summation of vast amounts of editorial Although “impeccable scholarly texts” are care, scholarly research, technical skill, and the NMA’s paramount objective, the new not least of all entrepreneurial fortitude. edition has also unearthed areas of Mozart’s The result is a Mozart edition that beggars activity that were previously overlooked: comparison: thanks to the NMA, Mozart’s “Mozart the Learner” in the publication of his œuvre is now available to all in a richness and musical notebooks, for example, or “Mozart subtlety never known before. the Teacher” as reflected in the composition studies of his pupils Attwood, Freistädtler, From the very outset the editorial work has and Ployer. Light is also shed on Mozart’s been the sole responsibility of the Board of working methods with the publication of Editors and their international co-workers. lavish editions of all his surviving sketches No other edition of Mozart’s music has at and fragments. Rounding off the series are its disposal such a pooling of expertise, such collections of documents on his life and a dynamic group of scholars and editors. detailed accounts of the manuscript paper he Only in this way was it possible to produce used to write down his music. texts that have retained their undiminished But what has all of this got to do with the authority in Mozart circles for over half a much-touted “practical relevance”? To quote century. Karl Vötterle, the founder of the House of Bärenreiter (1956): “As always, the scholar “The New Mozart Edition, or Neue Mozart- needs the definitive text - the ‘urtext’ - for Ausgabe (NMA), offers impeccable scholarly his research. This goes without saying. But texts based on all available sources - primarily now performing musicians are increasingly Mozart’s autograph scores - while taking tending to play the works of great composers 4 from scholarly-critical ‘urtext’ editions inexpensive study scores in order to study faithful to the sources rather
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