CENTER FOR AUSTRIAN STUDIES AUSTRIAN STUDIES NEWSLETTER Vol. 16, No. 2 Fall 2004 at home and abroad by Anton Pelinka

Thomas Klestil (1932-2004), the seventh federal president of since 1945, died less than two days before his tenure as head of state would have ended. Klestil’s life and career reflect the success story of the Second Republic, but also some critical aspects of Austria. In America, where he spent many years as a diplomat, he did much to promote a positive Austrian image. As president, he tempered that judiciously with post-Waldheim honesty and won many friends for Austria in Central Europe. However, within his own country, he was a controversial man who was sometimes at odds with his party and lacked the necessary power to change policy. Klestil was the product of an atypical social and political environment: His family was strictly Catholic, but his father worked for the public transportation authority. As a streetcar conductor, his father was part of an overwhelmingly socialist milieu. But his Catholic background made him and his family a minority—a Catholic conservative exception, living in a typical blue-collar part of Vienna (Erdberg); a member of the Catholic conservative camp surrounded by members of the socialist camp. Thomas Klestil’s career was influenced by these roots. During his studies at the University of Economics in Vienna, he joined a Catholic fraternity—the “Cartell-Verband” (CV), which has always been strongly identified with the Christian Social Party, with the Dollfuß Regime and, beginning in 1945, with the Austrian People’s Party (ÖVP). The CV was (and still is) one of the important gatekeepers of Austrian politics, as it was in Klestil’s case. After joining Austria’s diplomatic service, Klestil became one of the secretaries in Chancellor ’s office. His main task was to advise Klaus in matters of foreign policy. This was excellent preparation for further challenges and duties. Klaus, chancellor from 1964 to 1970, was responsible for the end of Former Austrian President Thomas Klestil (1932-2004). the Second Republic’s first “grand coalition” between socialists and conservatives. As a conservative head of government, he had to deal with a socialist head of state: with Adolf Schärf (until 1965) and then In This Issue with . This strategic situation would repeat itself decades later, when Klestil became president in 1992 and social democrats Letter from the Director 2 and headed another “grand coalition.” Minnesota Calendar 3 But once more it was a conservative chancellor, Wolfgang Schüssel, Austrian Government honors CAS veterans 3 who ended the alliance between SPÖ and ÖVP in 2000. When this New Minor in Austrian Studies 4 happened, Klestil did everything in his power to prevent Schüssel ASN Interview: Gabriele Mras 6 from forming a coalition with the Freedom Party (FPÖ). Music in Viennese Popular Comedy 10 By failing to do so, Klestil demonstrated the limits of his office. ASN Interview: Sieglinde Rosenberger 12 Austria is not a presidential republic. It is not the directly elected Publications: News and Reviews 14 president who decides about the government, it is the majority in the Hot off the Presses 17 National Council, the first chamber of the Austrian parliament. The News from the Field: Fulbright Opportunities 18 year 2000, when Klestil had to appoint, against his political wisdom, SAHH News 19 the Schüssel/Riess-Passer coalition cabinet, consisting of ÖVP and News from the North 20 FPÖ members, was the final turning point in Klestil’s career. He Habsburg Happenings 21 became alienated from his own party, which had nominated him in 2004 Festival Review 22 1992. Interactive Art Exhibit Comes to Anderson Library 25 continued on page 24 Announcements 26 College of Liberal Arts: celebrating 135 years v AUSTRIAN STUDIES NEWSLETTER FALL 2004 Letter from the Director

With this issue of the Newsletter, we welcome formally Ms. Linda regular international conferences, the books published by the Center, D. Andrean as the new administrative manager of the Center (see the annual Robert A. Kann Memorial Lecture, the book, dissertation story, p. 8), succeeding Barbara Krauss-Christensen, who retired in and article prizes, the travel scholarships for graduate and undergradu- June. Barbara is much missed by her colleagues at the University of ate students, and the smaller symposia and lectures we offer on the Minnesota and many friends of the Center, but I am pleased to report Twin Cities campus have found appreciative audiences that expect that Linda Andrean is already making important contributions to the those programs to continue. Accordingly, we have maintained these Center on a number of fronts. With some twenty years of experience core programs and made economies wherever we could. We have, for at the university, she knows the campus bureaucracy and financial example, reduced the frequency of our conferences to every second systems well and is helping all of us at the Center to navigate through year, cut temporarily the number of travel scholarships awarded each those sometimes difficult waters. year, and, for now, publish the Newsletter only twice a year—albeit in Directors of research programs, institutes, and academic depart- a larger format—instead of three times. ments in universities always face the dilemma of finding ways both How will the Center build on those existing programs? How will to continue successful programs and to launch initiatives to address it find the means to make new initiatives that address new concerns new areas of inquiry. The dilemma becomes particularly urgent when about the Austrian and Central European experience? At the Center we one has to face reduced financial resources and choose what activi- need advice and suggestions about new areas of inquiry and research ties must be sacrificed to permit others to continue or new programs approaches that cut across existing institutional and disciplinary lines. to be started. After a period of significant expansion in the1990s, We must also find new financial resources to support both existing universities and research institutions in much of the developed world and new programs in the face of rising costs. We can expect that the have faced serious budgetary problems in recent years. I need hardly Center’s endowment income will grow modestly in the next few years, remind American readers of this newsletter that the general economic but it is really up to friends of the Center on both sides of the Atlantic recession and fall in the stock market between 2000 and 2003 reduced to help us to determine what new initiatives we shall make and to sup- substantially the tax revenues upon which state universities in the port them financially and intellectually. The growth and development depend as well as the endowment income that sup- of the Center will not be possible otherwise. ports major programs in public as well as private universities. I have For financial assistance, we look to various foundations, other pro- reported previously in these columns that the Center for Austrian Stud- grams at the University of Minnesota with which we cooperate, vari- ies had to cut its budget between fiscal year 2003 and fiscal year 2004 ous Austrian and American government sources, and to individuals as by nearly 30 per cent because of diminished revenues. well. In addition to the Center’s main endowment fund, the Center has Thanks to the hard work of staff members and directors over twenty- established with the University of Minnesota Foundaton a scholarship seven years of history, the Center for Austrian Studies has developed a fund, the Robert A. Kann Memorial Lecture Fund, and the fund for range of successful programs that we are trying to maintain. From spe- the R. John Rath Article Prize. We are particularly interested at this cialists in Austrian and Central European studies across North Amer- time in raising revenue for the Kann Lecture Fund to establish it as ica and around the world, my colleagues and I at the Center know that an endowment, and in increasing the scholarship fund so that we can the Austrian History Yearbook, the Austrian Studies Newsletter, our make a larger number of grants to students. We hope that many among the Center’s friends will consider contributing to these funds. Please contact me or Linda Andrean, administrative manager of the Center, EDITOR’S NOTE by letter, telephone, or e-mail if you are interested in making a gift. Gary B. Cohen It was twenty years ago today, Sgt. Pepper . . . or rather, Carl Schorske came to the Center for Austrian Studies to deliver the very first Robert Kann Memorial Lecture. It wasn’t exactly today, AUSTRIAN STUDIES NEWSLETTER either; it was April 19, 1984. The occasion was the official dedi- Volume 16, No. 2 • Fall 2004 cation of the Kann Memorial Library, which had come to the Uni- Editor: Daniel Pinkerton versity of Minnesota largely through the efforts of R. John Rath. Editorial Assistants: Arnold Lelis, Nicole Phelps, Linda Andrean At this time, the Center decided to sponsor an annual lecture by an ASN is published twice annually (February and September) and distributed eminent public figure or Habsburg historian. Later, a fund to sup- free of charge to interested subscribers as a public service of the Center for port the Kann Lecture was started by his family. The series began Austrian Studies. Director: Gary B. Cohen with Schorske, then (and still) one of the world’s most respected Executive Secretary: Linda Andrean scholars, famous for his Fin-de-Siècle Vienna (Knopf, 1980). His Editor: Daniel Pinkerton lecture, “Grace and the Word: Austria’s Two Cultures and Their Subscription requests or contributions for publication should be sent to: Modern Fate,” was published in the Austrian History Yearbook Center for Austrian Studies (as nearly all Kann Lectures have been), and reprinted in his book Attn: Austrian Studies Newsletter 314 Social Sciences Building, 267 19th Avenue S. Thinking with History (Princeton, 1998). And while Sgt. Pepper’s Minneapolis MN 55455 Lonely Hearts Club Band did not play, a flautist and harpist were Phone: (612) 624-9811 Fax: (612) 626-9004 on hand to give a short concert of Viennese chamber music. website: http://www.cas.umn.edu Editor's e-mail: [email protected] Subsequent lectures have been delivered by , Subscriptions: [email protected] István Deák, Helmut Konrad, Dennison Rusinow, and Anton We also have a subscription form at our website. Pelinka, to name a few. It’s been an impressive and enlightening The Center for Austrian Studies is an independent unit of the College of twenty years, and we’re ready for the next twenty. Liberal Arts, University of Minnesota. Daniel Pinkerton The University of Minnesota is an equal opportunity educator and employer.

2 3 AUSTRIAN STUDIES NEWSLETTER FALL 2004 News from the Center

Minnesota Calendar

September 14. Robert A. Kann Memorial Lecture. Ernst Bruckmüller, Univ. of Vienna, “Late Nineteenth-Century Habsburg Society: Was There One?” With responses by David F. Good and Prof. Gary B. Cohen, History, Univ. of Minnesota. Tuesday, 3:30 p.m, Wilkins Room, 215 Humphrey Institute.

September 20. Lecture. Brigitte Bailer- Galanda, History, Univ. of Vienna, and Documentation Archive of the Austrian Resistance. “Compensation for Victims of Nazism in and from Austria: A Never Ending Story.” Cosponsored with the Center for Jewish Studies and the Center for Holo- After the September 14 awards ceremony, left to right: General Elisabeth Kehrer caust and Genocide Studies. Monday, 3:30 with honorees Gerhard Weiss, Barbara Krauss-Christensen, and David Good. p.m., Wilkins Room, 215 Humphrey Institute.

October 14. Discussion. “Music and the austrian government honors Arts in Post-Communist and Slovenia: A Conversation with the Zagreb Saxophone Quartet.” Cosponsored with three center stalwarts the School of Music, the Weisman Museum Before his untimely death, the President of Honor for Science and Art, First Class. of Art, and the College of Liberal Arts Schol- of the Federal Republic of Austria, Thomas Weiss has had a long association with the arly Events Fund. Thursday, 3:30 p.m., William Klestil (see story, p. 1) honored three fig- Center. He served on the CAS Advisory G. Shepherd Seminar Room, Weisman ures closely associated with the Center for Board from 1978-94, serving as chair from Museum of Art. Austrian Studies. 1978-85. Elisabeth Kehrer, Chicago-based Con- His greatest formal role in the Center’s October 22. Lecture. Tomas Klvana, visiting sul General for the Republic of Austria, life came when he was interim director fellow, Remarque Center, New York Univ. announced in July that David Good, Ger- from 1999-2001. While interim director, “Media and the Failure of Civil Society in hard Weiss, and Barbara Krauss-Chris- he initiated a series of crossdisciplinary the Czech Republic.” Cosponsored with tensen would be awarded medals of honor spring miniconferences and negotiated an the European Studies Consortium (Title VI for their contributions toward Austrian agreement to establish an Austrian Ful- Grant), the Department of Communication Studies in the United States of America. bright Visiting Professorship at the Uni- Studies, and the Czech and Slovak Cultural David Good, a professor of history, was versity of Minnesota. He also taught Aus- Center of Minnesota. Friday, 4:00 p.m., Ski- awarded the Grand Decoration of Honor trian literature to generations of University U-Mah Room, McNamara Alumni Center, in Silver for Services to the Republic of of Minnesota students beginning in the 200 Oak Street SE. Austria. Readers will, of course, know that 1950s. Good was director of CAS from 1990-96. Barbara Krauss-Christensen, recently November 3. Lecture. Walter Matznetter, During his tenure, the Center moved retired executive secretary of the Center Geography, Univ. of Vienna, and Fulbright to new quarters, expanded its programs (see Spring 2004 ASN, p. 1), was awarded Visiting Professor, Univ. of Minnesota. “200 and staff, formalized relationships with the Austrian Cross of Honor for Science Years of Urban Planning in Vienna: Imagina- the Universities of , Salzburg, and and Art. “In this capacity,” said Kehrer, tion and Reality.” Cosponsored with the Vienna, and facilitated a joint research “she became the institutional memory of Department of Geography. Wednesday, 3:30 project between researchers at the Uni- the Center, provided information about the p.m., Ford Room, 710 Social Sciences Tower. versity of Minnesota and the University Center and Austria, took responsibility for of Vienna. He also edited or coedited the successful organization of major con- November 18. Lecture. Gerald Angermann- five volumes of essays based on Center ferences at CAS, and gave support to visit- Mozetic, Sociology, Karl-Franzens Univ., conferences. He has continued to remain ing students and scholars from Austria.” Graz. “The Concept of ‘Nation’ and involved with the Center, serving on the The medals will be presented by Dr. Nationalities in Early Austrian Sociology.” CAS Advisory Board. Kehrer at a ceremony preceding the Kann Thursday, 4:00 p.m., Ford Room, 710 Social Gerhard Weiss, an emeritus professor of Memorial Lecture, 3:30 p.m., September Sciences Tower. German, was awarded the Austrian Cross 14, Wilkins Room, 215 Humphrey Center. 2 3 AUSTRIAN STUDIES NEWSLETTER FALL 2004 U of M Regents approve new minor in Austrian and Central European studies After long and careful preparation, the proposal for an undergraduate minor in Austrian and Central European Studies at the University of Minnesota was approved by the College of Liberal Arts Assembly and the Board of Regents. This minor marks the beginning of a new stage in the development of Austrian Studies at the University of Minnesota. A minor in Austrian and Central European Studies gives undergraduates the opportunity to study the diversity of the area’s culture in greater depth. It gives them a window on not only Austria, but also the changing world of the new Southeastern and East Central European democracies with a Habsburg heritage. It prepares undergraduates for graduate studies in Austria and Central Europe. It draws on the resources of the College of Liberal Arts faculty and the Center for Austrian Studies. The minor will be administered by the Department of German, Scandinavian, and Dutch. An undergraduate’s minor program must be approved by the Director of Undergraduate Studies.

Semester Requirements for the Undergraduate Minor in Austrian & Central European Studies A minor in Austrian and Central European Studies (ACES) consists of a minimum of 16 credits in 3xxx-, 4xxx-, and 5xxx-level courses. No more than one course may be directed or independent study. All courses in the minor must be taken on A-F grading and must be com- pleted with a grade of C- or better. At least one course must be taken here in the German Program of the University of Minnesota. Students majoring in German Studies may elect an ACES minor. However, no courses may count for both the German Studies major and Austrian Studies minor. Therefore, students majoring in German Studies must take one additional course to substitute for Ger 3011W, which is a core requirement for both the German Studies major and Austrian Studies minor.

Preparatory Coursework Some of the courses which can be used Passing score on the Graduation Proficiency Test in German. toward the ACES minor: Minor Requirements: Minimum credits CSCL 3631 Jewish Writers and Rebels in German, Austrian, • Ger 3011W, Conversation and Composition 4 and American Culture (also Ger 3631, JwSt 3631) CSCL 3412 Psychoanalysis and Literature, Part I: The • Ger 3520, Topics in Austrian/Central European Culture 3 Essential Freud • 2 more courses in Austrian and/or Central European Geog 3161 Europe: A Geographic Perspective culture, literature, and the arts 6 Ger 3704 German Dialects • 1 more course in Austrian and/or Central European history, Ger 1601: Fleeing Hitler: German and Austrian Filmmakers politics, and society 3 between Europe and Hollywood Hist 3244 History of Eastern Europe Hist 3727W History of (also JwSt 3521) Total: 16 Hist 3747W Habsburg Central Europe: 1740-1918 Hist 3748 Austria in the 20th Century The sidebar opposite contains only a partial list of the courses most Hist 5274 Southeastern Europe: Ottoman Empire and regularly taught in the College of Liberal Arts that have Austrian or Successor States Central European content. In addition, Visiting Fulbright Professors, Hist 5777 Proseminar in Habsburg Central Europe professors on the Graz faculty exchange, and other visiting profes- Hist 5900 Proseminar: Central and Eastern Europe in the sors offer courses in particular semesters that can be applied to the 20th Century minor (subject, of course, to approval by the Director of Undergradu- Phil 4085 Wittgenstein ate Studies). A more complete listing of courses offered last year can Plsh 3601 Survey of Polish Literature: Baroque through be viewed in the CAS Annual Report, which can be found online at Romanticism www.cas.umn.edu. 4 5 AUSTRIAN STUDIES NEWSLETTER FALL 2004 Fall conference brings research partners together by Daniel Pinkerton of the Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies; Sonja Kuftinec, theatre scholar and practitioner; Eric Weitz, historian and director From September 30 to October 3, nearly thirty scholars from of the Center for German and European Studies; Thomas Wolfe, Europe, North America, and the University of Minnesota will come anthropologist/historian; also, Pieter Judson, historian, Swarthmore; together at the University of Minnesota to discuss and debate each and Eduard Mühle, historian, Herder Institute, Marburg University. others’ work. All are partners in a large, ambitious research project, “Borderlands” is also notable because it incorporates graduate stu- “Borderlands: Ethnicity, Identity, and Violence in the Shatter-Zones of dents into its work. Five university of Minnesota graduate students Empires Since 1848.” have been given $3,000 stipends for travel, research, and books to be “Borderlands” is an interdisciplinary and international research used toward dissertations within the broad subject area of the project. project exploring the origins and manifestations of ethnic violence in The awards were funded through grants from the University of Min- the Borderlands region of Eastern Europe—from the rise of national- nesota’s Humanities Institute, Institute for Global Studies, and Center ism in the 19th century through the Holocaust and beyond. The proj- for German and European Studies. ect is based at the Watson Institute for International Studies at Brown The students are Mihaela Mihailescu (Political Science), who is University, with the Institute for Global Studies and the Center for working on a dissertation on “Interethnic Cooperation in Post-Com- Austrian Studies at the University of Minnesota as major collabora- munist Eastern Europe: The Hungarian Minorities in and tors. ”; Jennifer Grana (History), whose Borderlands research topic Over the course of four years, participants in the United States and is “The Struggle against the Zigeuner and the Founding of the Modern Europe will pursue activities such as individual research projects by Nation-State in Germany”; Kartik Raj (Political Science), whose topic faculty and advanced graduate students; undergraduate courses and focuses on the phenomenon of the violent and overcrowded ‘deten- graduate seminars on relevant topics; visiting lectures and colloquia; tion center’ or refugee ‘camp’ in Europe to highlight the limits of our appointments of visiting fellows; electronic linkages of seminars, col- ability to think about the refugee and the notion of the border; Monika loquia, and lectures between partnering institutions; yearly workshop Moyrer (German), who is writing a dissertation on “Powerful Voice: meetings of the core faculty at participating institutions; a concluding Subversion, Foreignness and Diasporic Aesthetics in Herta Müller’s conference open to the wider public; dissertations and books by the Writings”; and Carrie Booth Walling (Political Science), whose project participants; and an edited volume drawn from the final con- research topic is ethnic cleansing, conlflict and humanitarian interven- ference. tion in the contemporary Balkans. All will participate in the workshop, The fall event, to be held in the Presidents’ Room at Coffman Memo- and four of the five will present papers. rial Union, is one of the annual workshops scheduled. All participants In addition, the conference will feature a special mentoring session will have read each other’s papers before the conference. The papers for other advanced graduate students who wish to meet with the will be based on individual research funded by the “Borderlands” pro- “Borderlands” researchers and discuss their dissertation topics. ject. Each scholar will give the briefest of presentations before the “Borderlands” has additional funding from and linkages to the Simon floor is opened to discussion. Dubnow Institute for Jewish Studies at the University of Leipzig; the All of the scholars are renowned in their fields, and some have Borderlands Foundation (Pogranicze) in Sejny, ; the Institute close ties to the CAS: Minnesota faculty Gary Cohen, historian and for the History of the Present in Paris, ; the Remarque Institute Center director; Stephen Feinstein, cultural historian and director at New York University; and Stanford University. v The Austrians are coming! We will have more than our usual share the ISEES-MacArthur Program. Haslberger’s of visitors from Austria enlivening campus specialty is researching genetically modified intellectual life this fall. organisms. Walter Matznetter, a geographer from the And finally, closest to home, Mirjam University of Vienna, will be the Visiting Marits, a doctoral candidate at Karl-Fran- Fulbright Professor. He will teach Geography zens University Graz, will be the 2004-05 5900: Urban European Geography, and will CAS/BMBWK Research Assistant. Her field also be giving a lecture in the CAS series, of study is Anglistik and Amerikanistik. Her “200 Years of Urban Planning in Vienna: dissertation examines the phenomena of nar- Imagination and Reality.” rators who are also participants (characters) Gerald Angermann-Mozetic, a sociologist in the narrative, and compares various media from Karl-Franzens University, Graz, will be (theatre, television, cinema, and fiction) the Graz Exchange professor. He will teach to analyze the meaning and effect of this a section of Sociology 3701: Social Theory, device. and he will give a talk entitled, “The Concept She will, in addition to researching her of ‘Nation’ and Nationalities in Early Aus- dissertation and consuting with university trian Sociology.” faculty members, be performing the usual Alexander Haslberger, a scholar with the administrative duties of a CAS Research Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Assistant. Once again, we thank the Austrian Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Univer- Federal Ministry for Education, Culture, and sity of Vienna, will be a Visiting Fellow with Science for supporting this position. Mirjam Marits

4 5 AUSTRIAN STUDIES NEWSLETTER FALL 2004 Gabriele Mras: thinking clearly about thinking

By Daniel Pinkerton This brought me to see the failures of Kant’s whole conception. So for me, the decisive ideas I got from my studies in Munich came from Gabriele Mras, who teaches philosophy at the Wirtschafts-Univer- Stegmüller and Henrich—the former in the philosophy of science and sität Wien and the University of Vienna, was the Fulbright Visiting the latter’s interpretation of Hegel’s criticism of Kant. Professor at the University of Minnesota for spring semester 2004. While she was here, she taught in the Department of Philosophy and DP: After this you went back to Vienna, where you eventually got your delivered a lecture entitled, “The Rise of Analytic Philosophy: The PhD. ‘Vienna Circle’ and Its Critique of Metaphysics.” Afterward, she had GM: I studied in Munich till 1989, and I had already my PhD thesis a conversation with ASN. almost finished when I went back to Vienna. It was not easy at that time for me to finish my studies in Munich, because I had chosen as a DP: No child starts out saying “I want to be a philosopher.” When did minor what is called in Austria Logistik, and this minor does not exist you first get interested in philosophy? in Germany. In Germany, you can have a minor that is called philoso- GM: I usually don’t like to be asked questions like that because it phy of science. In some ways, it wouldn’t have been much of a prob- gives one the impression that philosophers are very special because lem to change, but it would have involved so many bureaucratic tasks, they began to be interested in philosophy at a very early age. I started because in Germany, I studied two years of mathematics that were to get interested in philosophy when I was thirteen or fourteen—which accepted as part of the Logistik program in Austria, but not for the phi- might be due to my being born in Austria—and specifically in Witt- losophy of science program. So it was more for bureaucratic reasons genstein and the philosophy of the Vienna Circle. that I finally went back to Vienna and had my PhD thesis accepted.

DP: Who were some of the mentors and teachers at university who DP: You’re teaching now at Wirtschafts-Universität. Have you taught influenced your thinking? anywhere else? GM: I began my studies at the University of Vienna. After two years, GM: I taught from 1996 to 2001 at the University of Vienna, in the I moved to the University of Munich, which was in 1984, which was philosophy department, and I am now doing so again. I’ve always been at that time an extremely interesting place. Stegmüller was still there, closely connected to the Philosophy Department; I got my Habilita- and one has to honor his role in philosophy, because he definitely intro- tion there. I have also had the pleasure to teach two summer sessions duced modern analytic philosophy to German speaking students and at the University of California at Berkley in 2000 and 2001. German-speaking philosophy. So Stegmüller was very important to me because through Stegmüller I got to know Kripke, Make, Putnam, DP: Nice opportunity! Now, you lectured today on the Vienna Circle’s and all the people who have been so dominant and important in Anglo- conceptions of language and the assumptions behind language— American philosophy for decades. They were not really being talked assumptions that we don’t consciously realize we make. So if we want about in Vienna. Of course, Munich at that time was a great place for to describe the world around us accurately, where do we start? studying classical philosophy such as Kant and Hegel, and I studied a GM: It is this question that is my main interest, and that unites the vari- lot of Hegel’s philosophy, which was really done properly in Munich. ety of interests I have. I must say that I myself do not have an answer. 6 7 AUSTRIAN STUDIES NEWSLETTER FALL 2004

It’s extremely important to see that, for example, when we ascribe propositional content. What is important in philosophy nowadays is properties to objects—when we predicate something—we shouldn’t to show that propositional content cannot be reduced and our belief in explain our being able to do that by having concepts that are a priori, necessary properties that objects have cannot be reduced either. But completely independent of experience. What I usually try to show is this certainly requires a way of defending the criterion you claim to be that as soon as we break up the unity of a judgment or proposition and a criterion, and a philosophical investigation into what the conditions try to appeal to a part in order to justify the whole, we will eventually of the philosophical claims are. face the problem of the infinite regress, and the problem of the infinite regress can only be solved either by declaring that something stops DP: You want to arrive at certain truths and agreements without meta- the regress, which makes what we say or the conditions of what we physics and without morality. say un-understandable to us, or we appeal to transcendental argument, GM: Absolutely. I try to show the necessary conditions of making which has as its consequence that we have to defend idealism, which is some assertions without engaging in metaphysical theories or without an ineffective option for me, too. So what to do in such a situation is an engaging in some sort of idealism. open question and shouldn’t even be answered in a general way. This would be my criticism of the Vienna Circle: one cannot give a general DP: This sounds to me as one of the consequences of growing up in a criterion for what is meaningful and what lacks meaning. One really heavily Catholic country. has to focus on specific questions like predication, reference, or cause GM: Oh my God, why? and necessity in order to avoid all these ineffective means of attacking that have been developed in the history of philosophy. DP: Maybe I’m projecting. I was raised Catholic, and rebelled against it. I can just see a fourteen-year-old Austrian girl thinking, “Can I get DP: What do you make of, say, Einstein’s theory of relativity, that pre- away from all this religious stuff and yet still have a strong founda- dicted the behavior of phenomena that couldn’t be observed (at least tion?” not in 1905) on the basis of phenomena that could be observed? Does GM: This is really what philosophy is about. Trying not to say some- that fall under the idea of not falling back on metaphysics but going thing that is of no significance for us, but at the same time not trying along with the observed, empirical observations? to show what we believe to be true as misguided or as some kind of GM: The question is, how broadly does one want to interpret the term illusion. If religion is replaced, if we take away these conventions, if “observable.” If you really would like to understand it in the way the we think clearly about our own thinking, we don’t throw ethics away. Vienna Circle meant it to be, then one has to say that the consequences of Einstein’s relativity theory cannot be observed. How could you DP: One last question: there’s a lot of talk about the failures of the sense a theory that says something that for us still involves a contra- Vienna Circle, but many people remain fascinated by the Vienna diction? Circle. Is there still a reason to study them, beyond their historical importance? DP: I thought that astronomers using the Hubble telescope had GM: I think the general judgment that the philosophy of the Vienna observed light shifts that Einstein said we would observe if his theory Circle is dead, which has been questioned in the last years quite right- were really true. fully, is a mistaken one. Philosophers do a lot that still either stands GM: I’m sure they have said that. Maybe if one understands what is in the tradition of logical empiricism or would have been quite rightly observed in a very broad way, we could even say that, sitting at this criticized by logical empiricists. So in this sense I think it’s very table, we observed the molecules, because density can be reduced important to study the original texts, because they really make clear to a certain behavior of molecules. But this is not really the way that what is done, especially in the philosophy of mind, is very close “observed” is used in ordinary language. to what everybody condemns in logical empiricism. And, therefore, I think people should be pressed to face certain choices. Either they are DP: You said also that talking about these kinds of issues ties together aware of the fact that what they do is either metaphysics or a kind of all of the various elements of philosophy that you have been interested what has been called empiricism, and try to defend it, or they should in. How? give up. But as has been done here for so many decades, especially GM: I’m mainly interested in factual necessity, and this includes, for in the idea of cognitive science, the ideal of a united science of phi- example, justification of moral claims. Because I do believe that we losophy, psychology, and neurophysiology could have, in the broadest can justify a statement like “lying is wrong” by appealing to, shall we sense, been applauded by the Vienna Circle, but only because what say, the facts. We do not have to appeal to some feelings this action is done in cognitive science is really a kind of reduction to what is gives us. We do not have to cite some conventions that hold in a certain believed. It’s not called sense data but psychological processes, and society, so we do not have to understand the notion of justification it shouldn’t be understood as having propositional content. Such a as far as moral claims are concerned in any different way than we view would be the epistemology that the Vienna Circle never tried understand it with ordinary and frequent claims such as “there is a to develop, but as epistemology it is nonetheless as much subject to table here in front of us.” Now, the same is true for support statements criticism as the protocol sentences of the Vienna Circle are. As I said such as “there is a table.” We couldn’t make this statement unless we before, nobody really seems to be aware of that. It would be very good understood an object to have necessary properties, without which the to study the original texts in this case, for example, especially, the logi- object wouldn’t be the very object it is. And I could extend that to cal construction of the world, where metabologic solipsism is indeed the philosophy of mind. If we keep an account of our psychological claimed to be a basis for the research. states, we have to do that by the criterion that whatever we say about So what I do in philosophy is mainly critical, in the sense that I want psychological states has to be something that matches our understand- to show the various options that people have if they follow certain ing of beliefs of something that is true or false. So truth and falsity, paths. And I want to show why some conclusions or some views that and necessity, have been at the focus of my interest, such that I really have been defended really are conclusions that come from mistaken want to criticize and show theories to be wrong that try to reduce what views about the Vienna Circle. v has come to be called intentionality to psychological states devoid of

6 7 AUSTRIAN STUDIES NEWSLETTER FALL 2004 Linda Andrean joins Center staff Starting in late June, people who called the Center heard a new Linda comes to the Center with over twenty years of experience voice, and people who stopped by saw a new face: that of Linda V. as an administrator at the University of Minnesota, time spent mas- Andrean, the newest CAS employee. tering the dark, mysterious labyrinth that is University procedure. Before that, she was a student here, earning degrees in anthropology and education, and a certificate in management from the Carlson School. Although Linda was hired following Barbara Krauss-Chris- tensen’s retirement (actually a bit before, giving Barbara a chance to train her in), director Gary Cohen took the occasion of a new hire as an opportunity to rethink what CAS needed in its full time civil service position. Consequently, Linda’s position is that of adminis- trative manager rather than executive secretary. Of course she’ll still be doing many of the same duties Barbara performed. She’ll assist the director in longterm (2-3 year) planning for programs and activities, oversee the Center’s accounts and bud- get and produce budget reports, prepare budget projections for the Center and for individual programs, work with Berghahn Books on the Austrian History Yearbook, shepherd visiting scholars and grad- uate assistants through the new post-9/11 maze of travel arrange- ments and visa requirements, and more. But she’ll take on new responsibilities. The biggest addition will be preparing grant proposals and fundraising and other development activities including preparing prospectuses, proposals, correspon- dence, and research on potential donors/sources. It is the director’s hope that by hiring a part time undergraduate sceretary to perform routine office work, some of Linda’s time will be freed up for vital development work that CAS needs to pursue more aggressively. The summer, a slow time, has allowed Linda to take some special training sessions, work with Barbara, and generally be as thoroughly prepared as a new employee can be. We’ve also gotten to know her and are thrilled with her on both a personal and professional level. Linda V. Andrean When you meet and do business with her, you will be, too.

CAS, Law School host international law colloquium At the beginning of April 2004, the Center for Austrian Studies, together with Professor Fred Morrison of the University of Minne- sota’s Walter F. Mondale School of Law, launched a new research collaboration on ongoing changes in international public law caused by the growing importance of transnational bodies such as the and the European Union, nongovernmental organizations, and multinational corporations. The collaboration began with an international colloquium, “Aus- trian-American Research Colloquium on International Law,” April 5-6, at Mondale School of Law. Five eminent Austrian scholars of international law came for a two-day research workshop, where they were joined by colleagues from our Law School and departments of political science, history, and applied economics. Minnesota students attended various sessions, and the conference organizers will issue a volume of essays presented at this workshop, the first in a series. A second research workshop will be held at an Austrian university in the autumn of 2005. This colloquium was supported by the Austrian Federal Ministry At the international law colloquium, left to right: Wolfgang Benedek of Education, Science, and Culture, the Institute for Global Studies, (University of Graz), Hanspeter Neuhold (University of Vienna), Bar- and the European Studies Consortium of the University of Minnesota, bara Frey (University of Minnesota), Renate Kicker (University of through Title VI grants from the United States Department of Educa- Graz), Fred Morrison (University of Minnesota), and Gerhard Hafner tion. (University of Vienna). 8 9 AUSTRIAN STUDIES NEWSLETTER FALL 2004 JANUARY THROUGH JUNE: a look at some of the people and events from the Center’s spring semester

Above: Pieter Judson, historian from Swarthmore College and longtime friend of the Center. As part of the CAS Lecture Series, he delivered a talk on February 20.

Above: Barbara Krauss-Christensen and Gary Cohen at Barabra’s retirement dinner in June.

Above: Gary Cohen with Eduard Mühle, historian from the Herder The spring semester CAS Lecture Series began with a talk by Alan Institute, Marburg University, who gave a talk as part of the CAS Gross (above), Rhetoric, University of Minnesota, on February 4. Lecture Series on March 1. 8 9 AUSTRIAN STUDIES NEWSLETTER FALL 2004 The Music of Laughter: MUSIC IN VIENNESE POPULAR COMEDY, 1700-1850

and Elizabethan theater performed by traveling companies. Another influence was Abraham a Sancta Clara (1644?-1709), the brilliant writer and preacher whose forceful language and coarse wit mocked the nobility as well as the common people. When actor Josef Anton Stranitzky (1676-1726) opened his improvised harlequin shows in Vienna in 1708, his fool “Fuchsmundi” quoted freely from Abraham’s writings, poking fun at all classes of society. At first, Stranitzky performed in temporary locations throughout the city. But in 1712, Emperor Joseph I granted him the lease of the Kärntnertortheater, the first established German-language theater in Vienna. Stranitzky’s plays, with plots borrowed mostly from Ital- ian and commedia dell’ arte, were grand spectacles featuring knights, kings, and saints. Relieving tension and affording comic relief was Fuchsmundi’s successor, “Hanswurst,” also played by Stranitzky. Sporting a thick, black beard, Hanswurst was as rotund as his name implies. He carried a wooden sword; wore a tall, pointed green hat, yellow trousers, and white neck ruffle; and had a large red heart pinned to his chest, framed by the initials “H. W.” Characterized by greedi- ness, lechery, stupidity, and cowardice, Hanswurst was nevertheless loved by Viennese audiences. His scenes did not parody the main action but reflected the baroque view that plays should represent the entire human experience. Stranitzky’s existing skeletal plots indicate that, eventually, the comic scenes formed a separate play. Although no music survives, manuscripts indicate that it was prevalent and important. A typical play contained about fourteen short solo songs, usually at the entrance or exit of a principal character, or at an emotional climax—just where an aria was expected in Italian opera. Finales were common, and dances were included in some performances. When Stranitzky died in 1726, Gottfried Prehauser (1699-1769) assumed the role of Hanswurst, but a new management began to alternate Italian with Viennese comedies. To prevent the pos- sible extinction of German plays, Emperor Charles VI decreed that they must be staged alongside Italian operas at the Kärntnertortheater. This forced juxtaposition may have encouraged the inclusion of more music in the popular plays; librettos calling for extensive scores exist from the early 1730s, for example a play with four choruses, five duets, and twenty-four arias. Although Prehauser played Hanswurst until his death in 1769, from the late 1730s Johann Josef Felix von Kurz (1717-83) had established Above: Stranitzky as Hanswurst. himself as a leading actor and playwright of the company. Kurz cre- ated the role of “Bernardon,” an impulsive and amusing knave hatched from a giant egg, who traveled on the back of a large rooster. by Mary A. Wischusen Although the music does not exist, Kurz’s thirteen surviving plays call for arias and simple songs, as well as a few recitatives, ensem- The most popular theatrical experience in Vienna in the 18th and bles, and choruses. In only one case, Der neue krumme Teufel, is a early 19th centuries was the folk comedy. This genre, which fea- named—. Possibly performed in 1758, this tured improvisation, farce, magic, local color, and incidental music, work lists thirty-eight musical numbers, including a duet, a trio, three appealed to all social classes. Although often performed in humble choruses, and a section encompassing two recitatives and a duet. It is settings and sometimes censored, even expelled from theaters, it con- not certain if Haydn actually composed music for this play, because tinued to develop, eventually merging with Viennese singspiel and the composer’s name was often attached to works he did not write. German romantic opera. But Der neue krumme Teufel may be a reworked version of Kurz’s Various trends had combined to produce the popular comedy: medi- Der krumme Teufel (1751 or 1752), which does not survive at all, but eval folk plays, school dramas, and Jesuit theater productions, Italian which was linked to Haydn by two of his early biographers, G. A. commedia dell’arte and baroque opera, French vaudeville comedies, Griesinger and A. C. Dies. 10 11 AUSTRIAN STUDIES NEWSLETTER FALL 2004 The earliest surviving music from the popular comedy are thirty- During the first three decades of the 19th century, playwrights Josef three anonymous arias and ensembles, dated between 1754 and 1758, Gleich (1772-1841), Karl Meisl (1775-1853), and Anton Bäuerle included in the last volume of a four-volume manuscript of song texts (1786-1859) ushered in a new era of prosperity for the popular the- from 260 comedies (dated between 1737 and 1758). Every current ater. Their farces, parodies, and magic plays include music, much of vocal style is displayed, from folk-like songs to ornate arias, all with it composed by Müller and Kauer. The amount of music in each play simple harmonies and spare orchestral texture. The musical variety far varies greatly, with some having as many as thirty-one numbers and exceeds that in the new North German singspiel and points to Italian others as few as four. The songs are usually short and simple, although influences that would become so important in the Viennese singspiel, occasionally arias, duets, and vocal ensembles occur. Homophonic notably in Mozart’s Die Zauberflöte of 1791. choruses often connect scenes or end an act, with instrumental music Haydn may have composed some of the pieces in this manuscript, usually confined to the overtures, entr’actes, dances, serenades, and for they are similar to his “Aria die Dorina” (ca. 1760) and also to the melodramas. music in Die Feuersbrunst (ca. 1776-77), a singspiel (or marionette In 1823, the first play by Ferdinand Raimund (1790-1836), Der opera) in which twenty-one of the twenty-seven musical numbers are Barometermacher auf der Zauberinsel, with music by Müller, was short, strophic songs, typical of the popular theater. Others who may produced at the Leopoldstädtertheater. Only seven plays followed in have written for the popular stage are Joseph Paul Ziegler (1722-67), Raimund’s short career, but they represent the epitome of the Vien- Ignaz Holzbauer (1711-83), and identified only as “Eder” nese popular comedy. Though rooted in the folk theater, these plays and “Fauner.” feature powerful and interesting characters, not the stock figures of Some music exists from the 1760s and 1770s, during which the earlier playwrights; blend comic with serious elements; and integrate popular comedy was attacked for its literary crudeness and censored music into the dramatic structure. An accomplished violinist, Raimund for its revolutionary spirit. Yet it survived and eventually found a new composed many of the melodies, which were then developed and home in 1781 when the Leopoldstädtertheater opened in suburban orchestrated by such composers as Müller, Joseph Drechsler, Phillipp Vienna. Nicknamed the “Kasperltheater,” after a character made Jakob Riotte, and Konradin Kreutzer. Besides the usual vocal forms, famous by Johann La Roche (1745-1806) in farces and magic plays instrumental music often embellishes the plot or emphasizes stage by Friedrich Hensler (1759-1825) and Joachim Perinet (1765-1835), it action, aids character development, and provokes humor. was frequented by all social The last phase of the classes and would remain Viennese popular comedy popular until well into the arrived with Johann Nestroy 19th century. (1801-62), whose eighty- At first, the Leopold- two comedies abandon städtertheater staged mostly the magical world of his farces in which Kasperl predecessors in favor of assumed various disguises. more realistic plots. Music Little magic was pres- plays a limited role: early ent and even less literary plays average ten musical comedy, and the amount numbers, and later ones of music varied greatly. contain only a few songs. But when Wenzel Mül- Although Nestroy was a ler (1767-1835) became trained singer, he probably Kapellmeister in 1786, he did not compose any music enlarged the orchestra and for his plays. hired better musicians, By 1850, the Viennese including Ferdinand Kauer folk comedy had changed so (1751-1831) as Vice- much that it was no longer Kapellmeister, enabling the recognizable as a distinct theater to become the most genre. The fool had virtually important venue for musical disappeared from the stage, plays in German during the replaced by the society 1790s. Müller and Kauer, comedy as the most popular among others, contributed comic theatrical experience numerous scores that fea- in Austria. Farce and magic ture charming songs, duets, were replaced by drawing- ensembles, and choruses, Helmut Lohner and Otto Schenk in Ferdinand Raimund’s Der Alpenkönig und der room situations, romantic usually with simple, yet Menschenfeind, 1996 Salzburg Festival. (Photo: Bernd Uhlig, courtesy Salzburg drama, and realism, and effective, orchestral accom- Festival.) the musical conventions of paniment. the popular comedy merged The other suburban the- with those of singspiel and aters that staged popular comedies were the Theater auf der , opera. Yet the Viennese popular comedy was important while it lasted; established in 1787, and the Josefstädtertheater, which opened the it defined Viennese culture, spirit, and musical tastes for more than a following year. It was for Emmanuel Schikaneder’s Theater auf der century. v Wieden that Mozart composed Die Zauberflöte. Mozart may even have begun a libretto that included such characters as Herr von Dummkopf, Mary A. Wischusen is an associate professor of music history at Wurstl (Hanswurst), Kasperl, and the witch Slinzkicotinzki, and per- Wayne State University. She is director of the Music History Division haps contributed a duet to a Schikaneder comedy in 1791. of the Department of Music. 10 11 AUSTRIAN STUDIES NEWSLETTER FALL 2004 Sieglinde Rosenberger: the personal is political science by Daniel Pinkerton back to Innsbruck. Then, in 1998, I was appointed as a professor at Sieglinde Rosenberger is a pro- Vienna. fessor of political science at the University of Vienna, and was DP: In your lecture, you talked the 2004 Schumpeter Fellow at about the relationship between Harvard University. On March 11, female politicians and gender she gave a lecture at the Center equality. Please give us examples entitled, “More Female Politi- of the kinds of laws that were cians, but Less Equality: Shifts in passed that began to bring about Austrian Women’s Politics since greater gender equality. the 1990s.” After her talk, ASN SR: There were three issues that interviewed her about her life and were very decisive for progress the subject of her lecture. (Note: it of women in Austria. One was, as was conducted before the recent elsewhere, the debate on abortion, Austrian presidential elections.) and the decriminalization of abor- tion. This was a big step forward DP: Is there anything in your early for women’s rights. life that got you interested in poli- tics or political science? DP: When was abortion decrimi- SR: I came from a rural back- nalized? ground. My parents and grandpar- SR: The bill passed in 1974, and ents are farmers in Upper Austria. it took effect in 1975. There was a I was always interested in history, huge debate raised by the Catholic especially interested in Zeitge- Church, but the vote for decrimi- schichte, the First Republic and nalization was bipartisan. The National Socialism. As a child, decision was made and, as far as I was always asking my parents I can see, it is generally accepted and grandparents about politics in Austrian society. This is very and history. That’s one thing. But different from the U.S., where you another factor was more decisive: have an unending debate about I was a teenage mother. I had my abortion, and continual attempts first child before I finished high school, and even though I eventually to put restrictions on abortion. This debate is finished in Austria. finished my Matura, I found I had to learn how a woman with a family The second issue is the reform of family law, to end the patriarchal and a child could study, work, and have a professional career. This was structure of the family, and the laws that gave men legal power over a very strong, personal interest that led me to study economics and women, making women second-class citizens. These reforms created political science. I tried to understand politics and how politics can a legal system that established the principle of equal rights and respon- affect life—a woman’s life in particular. sibilities, paved the way to reforms in the social security system and in the tax system and so on. So changes in family law—the establishment DP: As we say in America, the personal is political. of the principle of equal rights and responsibilities—were also very SR: Yes. That’s why I came to the women’s movement very early, and crucial to gender equality. one reason why I am interested in feminist theory, women’s politics, and gender equality. DP: And that was also in 1975? SR: Yes. And both laws were passed by a solid majority. It was not DP: You attended the University of Innsbruck, an outstanding school a compromise between left and right. The third important set of laws for political science. Did you study with Anton Pelinka? that contributed to gender equality were efforts made in the context SR: I did. At that time the Department of Political Science had just of education. Laws were passed that gave better access to education, been founded, and Pelinka was a driving force. He gave excellent especially to higher education at the universities. Students got their seminars and talks, and inspired me to study political science and books free and they received a subsidy from the Austrian government complete a Doktorat in political science. to attend the university. Public transportation was free for poor stu- dents and there was no fee at the university level. All these benefits, DP: Did you go straight from Innsbruck to teaching at the University while not specifically designed to help women, contributed to increase of Vienna? the proportion of women in the educational system, because the tra- SR: No. After I got my Doktorat at Innsbruck, I went to work at the ditional argument—that the sons have the right to go to the university Department of Political Science there. I taught at Innsbruck for ten and learn, and maybe the daughters would be allowed to do so if there years. I had a visiting professorship at Vienna, but after that I went was enough money—became outdated. The state took over the costs, 12 13 AUSTRIAN STUDIES NEWSLETTER FALL 2004 and families got free books, materials, and a small stipend if they were would have changed. But it is possible for a woman to become head of poor. That’s why I could go to the higher school, because my parents state, even or especially if she comes from the conservative side. did not have to pay for anything. And, of course, education is a crucial point, especially when it comes to the integration of women in the DP: And yet, if I understand you right, it looks as if the ÖVP is making labor market. a token gesture—nominating a woman for an office that may not exist soon. DP: You mentioned health care in your lecture. SR: I think we have to take into consideration that there are significant SR: Yes. Health care, education, and cultural projects, and so on— troubles between the president and the chancellor, ever since Klestil when we look at the statistics, we see that the rise of female employ- tried to block the ÖVP-FPÖ coalition in 2000. This is why, in the ment goes back to the increase in spending in the public sector. This past, high figures in the ÖVP tried to shape the public opinion that the increase has a double effect, because it provides a workplace for president is not as important as he seems to be if you read the consti- women as well as infrastructure for caring for the children or for the tution. The president is very powerful according to the constitution, elderly. because the president has to accept the government and has the right to dissolve the national council. So the position is de jure very strong. DP: As the public sector is cut back, a side effect is that fewer women But the president has to take into consideration the power relations in are in the educational system or the labor force. Is this is a consciously the national council, because he has the obligation to form a govern- hoped-for side effect on the part of the right? ment that has support in the national council. That makes him de facto SR: I don’t think so. It’s a side effect, and there’s not much discussion weak. And while the differences between the federal presidency and about this. Cutting the public sector and privatizing services is ideo- the ruling party/parties initiated the debate over the need for a federal logically motivated, and that cannot be argued, either. And women are president, public opinion in Austria is very split on the point. affected by these measures, but cutbacks in state spending are not—or certainly not all—directed against women in the first place. DP: But it does sound as if there is or was a struggle going on within the ÖVP which allowed them to take the strategy of nominating a DP: Conservatives simply want to lower taxes and to make the state woman for a leadership position. power less powerful. SR: I think you have to take into consideration that since the last elec- SR: That’s an important point. But what’s crucial—and interesting tion in 2002 the ÖVP lost some elections on the regional level. Nomi- to observe—is that in Austria, on the one hand, there are huge cuts nating a female candidate for the presidency is a real asset to the ÖVP in public sector spending, but on the other side the welfare state as in a contest with the male opponent nominated by the SPÖ, because a whole is getting bigger. For example, the government invested in one of the policy goals of Social Democrats in the past has been to family benefits, but they are cutting spending on education. It’s really improve women’s participation and gender equality. With a female a change in priorities, and not just cutting the welfare system. Fund- ÖVP candidate, this argument has been neutralized. ing cuts are not happening because there’s less money and the welfare state cannot be funded anymore. In the Austrian case, we can see that DP: Have women been alienated by the fact that the SPÖ claims to funding is being diverted from one field to another. support them but is not nominating female candidates for leadership positions? DP: What makes a right-wing party nominate female candidates? SR: Yes, and worse yet, the other side is doing it. And I think this is SR: There is empirical evidence that women in conservative parties a really smart strategy on the part of the ÖVP, because the Greens did and right wing parties frequently get leadership positions when the not nominate a candidate for the presidency, so this could appeal to party is in a situation of transition, or the party is very weak, or there voters from the SPÖ and voters from the Greens in this election. are struggles within the party. That was the case in Austria in 2000 when a new government was formed and it came time to choose the DP: You said that it is always good in a democracy to have more vice-chancellor. FPÖ was not weak but it was in crisis, because it female candidates, and if that happens, some of them will be conserva- wanted to be part of a coalition government, but at the same time, tive. What do you think the chances are that non-conservative, more Haider could not be the head of the party, so Ries-Passer, a woman, left-of-center parties, specifically the Greens and the SPÖ, will be able was named acting head of the party, supposedly for a limited period of to counter this successfully in the near future? time. She was nominated because Haider could be sure that she would SR: I think the SPÖ has come under pressure, but it’s different with step down if he decided to come back. When Schüssel of the ÖVP the Greens. The Greens always have a policy of nominating half decided to form a coalition government with the FPÖ, he proposed female and half male candidates. They sit and make a list that’s always that he be chancellor and Ries-Passer become the vice chancellor. A half and half. second case I mentioned was the nomination of a female candidate for the presidency by the ÖVP. There are several reasons why the party DP: If the SPÖ is challenged by female ÖVP candidates, how should chose her, but it is important to note that at the same time that she they fight that? was nominated, there was a debate going on in Austria over whether SR: The best strategy would be to use and apply their internal rules, the the head of state, the office of president, should be removed. People quota system calling for 40% female nominees. This would be a very argued that we don’t need the president; he is just a ceremonial figure effective counterattack against the conservatives. Between 2000 and who has no power—which is not quite the case. But the debate is 2003, the number of SPÖ seats in Parliament dropped significantly. going on. So it’s not a strong position, not much more than a symbolic But someday, I would like to see enough women in Parliament and position, and some Austrians want to eliminate it. the Federal government of Austria that it didn’t matter if a person was male or female. Then we could move away from biology and evaluate DP: If she wins, would that be a step forward for women? candidates of both sexes objectively, examining their record on these SR: At this point, for a female to head the state for the first time in the issues of family, welfare, and gender equality. That would bolster both history of the First and Second Republics of Austria would be a step gender equality and democracy. v forward, because traditional beliefs and attitudes towards gender roles 12 13 AUSTRIAN STUDIES NEWSLETTER FALL 2004 Publications: News and Reviews A new perspective on a region’s film Whereas the usual way of looking at world cinema output has been to examine a specific national cinema, she opts for a transnational approach, arguing that there is sufficient cultural unity among these Eastern bloc satellite nations to warrant a more global approach. Since the fall of the Berlin Wall in l989, the concept of a “Central Europe” has been in the air once again; it is no longer geopolitically correct to refer simply to Eastern Europe or Western Europe. The regional idea (or the book’s choice of a region to study) posits an East Central Europe, which conveys a crosscultural image of Mitteleuropa going back at least to the multilingual, pre-1918 Habsburg days. She argues strongly for conceptualizing East Central Europe as a region and tries to draw from history, especially from the post-1956 Stalinist period to the l989 end of communism, as applied to her spe- cialty, film history. Like the study of Scandinavian cinema, which is sometimes approached regionally because of its own shared history, she feels the regional hypothesis also works in the case of Poland, Hungary and the Czech and Slovak lands, because their own post-Tri- anon shared history prevails over acknowledged historical and cultural differences. And the determining factor of this history has been the ideological relationship with and the Soviet Union, which in turn had dictated the forms of production, distribution and cultural thematics before the Berlin Wall fell. Her 223 pages of remapping are divided into four parts: Film and Context (the industry), Film and History, Ethics and Society (“narra- tives of identity,” “discourse on morality,” “state socialist modernity: the urban and the rural”), and Films and Filmmakers (with special attention to women’s cinema and East Central European cinema since l989). The volume features ample notes and an appendix for tips on organizing the scholarship, planning, and teaching of regional cinema (with lots of video projection) to a new generation of students at a time when more traditional approaches to cinema studies seem to be dying out. While the book occasionally drifts into polemic on the need for new conceptual frameworks, she attributes the lag in serious studies to Cold War scholars ignoring post-1989 filmmaking. Her earlier chapters on the industry only touch on studio production at places like Barrandov in Prague and East Germany’s DEFA. More concrete examples and Dina Iordanova. Cinema of the Other Europe: The Industry and Art- comparative data regarding funding, output, budgeting, promotion, istry of East Central European Film. New York: Wallflower, 2004. 224 and distribution would be welcome. Soviet cinema, whence many pp., illus. ISBN 1-903364-61-2. Paper, $22. Distributed by Columbia paradigms for socialist production emerged, receives only passing University Press. mention. Popular cinema of the time and censorship patterns in East Central Europe are broadly generalized as the reader is referred to Somewhere in Europe, between the film theories of Sergei Eisen- secondary sources, leaving him or her thirsting for more spicy details stein on montage editing and the late František Daniel at Prague’s without needing to refer to endnotes. FAMU on Hollywood Thirties comedy, ways of looking at East Euro- She is strong, however, on “star” directors of the period. Of course, pean cinema traditionally have wavered between studies of national Andrzej Wajda, for example, is cited for his large-scale historical cinemas and the so-called “auteurist” approach, which looks at film- blockbusters (Pan Tadeusz, 1999), in looking at the interplay of moral makers per se vis-à-vis their total body of work. choices and historical flow as part of what is grouped as the “heritage So here comes Cinema of the Other Europe: The Industry and Art- genre,” which has figured so largely in Polish film production. The istry of East Central European Film with a new perspective. Author works of Poland’s Jerzy Kawalerowicz (the spectacular Mother Joan Dina Iordanova, reader in film studies at the University of Leicester of the Angels and Pharoah of the ’60s) and the surrealist historical and Bulgarian film historian, attempts to reposition the study of epics of Wojeich Has (Sargossa Manuscript, l965) link her thesis of Eastern European cinema around the idea of a “regional cinema.” She “the burden of history” in these countries to the “avant garde” works uses the history of film in Poland, Hungary, and the Czech and Slovak of Slovak director Jurajk Jakubisko’s Deserter and the Nomads and Republics to look for shared trends, among these former Iron Curtain Birds, Orphans and Fools in coping with historical fate. countries with respect to style, narrative, and industry structures. continued on page 16 14 15 AUSTRIAN STUDIES NEWSLETTER FALL 2004 CULTIVATING HOLOCAUST REMEMBRANCE Heidemarie Uhl, ed. Zivilisa- term, “Breach of Civilization,” tionsbruch und Gedächtniskul- coined by Dan Diner, professor tur: Das 20. Jahrhundert in der of modern history in Erinnerung des beginnenden and Leipzig, was offered as a 21. Jahrhunderts. Innsbruck: replacement for the term Holo- Studienverlag, 2003. 226 pp. caust, once the label for histo- ISBN: 3-7065-1923-2. Paper, ry’s most industrialized geno- €24. cide. By this measure, Aus- chwitz has become a “memory This is a splendidly cho- site” of transnational relevance. sen and well-organized set of In the case of the destruction of essays, some of them superbly the European Jews, a transfor- wrought, on how postfascist mation of historical conscious- history has come to regard “the ness in a Western official cul- Holocaust.” That we write the ture of commemoration has word in upper case and attach come about and continues to the definite article are already evolve. indices to this word’s evolution. Just why this should be so is Indeed, as Western history has the theme of a number of essays thus far turned out, the word collected in editor Heidemarie Auschwitz requires no spell- Uhl’s The Rupture of Civiliza- check in many English-lan- A Wehrmacht veteran is interviewed at the “Crimes of the Wehrmacht” tion and the Culture of Mem- guage word processors. Terms exhibition. From Ruth Beckermann’s film Jenseits des Krieges. ory: the Twentieth Century in like Auschwitz, Holocaust, and, the Memory of the Beginning of by now, Shoah, have become a kind of impersonal eponym. And, as the Twenty-First Century (my translation of the title). Uhl’s essayists such, they are subject to far-reaching uses and misuses, understand- stem from Poland, Hungary, Germany, and Austria. Disciplinary per- ings and misunderstandings, to the ongoing history of which this vol- spectives of the contributors include psychoanalysis, literary theory, ume is dedicated. communications, history, cultural studies, the philosophy of history, Of course, ahistorically as one might wish to treat it, the Holocaust and theories of hegemony. is not proof against history any more than is the “Santa Cruz del Valle In a fundamental contribution, the University of Bochum’s Norbert de los Caidos” outside of Madrid, where a three-hundred foot cross Frei recounts an evolution in East, West, and united German mem- towers over the crypts of Falangistas who died on the battlefield of the ory as its fascist history has encountered various postfascist national Spanish Civil War and/or in bed. Doubtless the fortunes of this “site of agenda. Called (in translation) “German Learning Processes: The Nazi memory” have changed as has moved into EU membership and Past and Subsequent Generations,” the essay charts a kind of genera- then again, as it has chosen to enter—and to leave—“the coalition of tional periodicity in German “reception” of the history of the Third the willing.” History is written and then is rewritten . . . Reich. In Frei’s view, Germans born in 1905 became the “functional Though we may take the Auschwitz eponym for eternal, other “epi- elites” of National Socialism, serving the somewhat older leadership sodes” of genocide and mass murder in history—infamous enough in figures of the movement. Those born in 1925, who became the young their times—now go unremembered. Stalin’s 1932 encapsulation of front line soldiers and, literally, the “flak-catchers” of the Third Reich, Ukraine and the death by starvation, in two years time, of as many as Frei names “the skeptical generation.” The “postwar children” born in eleven million Ukrainians (see Robert Conquest for these data) still 1945 have already been dubbed “the generation of ’68.” counts as the “simplest” and a comparatively “quick” mass murder. In As for German post-war experience, Frei thinks of the first phase as this case, as Stalin predicted, the death of these millions is “merely a “the politics of purgation,” followed (in the early 1950s) by the sec- statistic.” ond phase of “the politics of the past,” meaning, for Frei, the Adenauer What, then, of the uses of Auschwitz? Far more than the collective, agenda of restitution and reconciliation with Israel, further “de-Nazi- official or even “world” memory of a good many events in the history fication,” and a movement away from collective and toward individ- of the twentieth century, a memory of the Shoah suffered by European ual guilt. A third phase for Frei (lasting two decades) begins with the Jews in the midst of that ignominious era (one of those civilizations Frankfurt “Auschwitz trials” and culminates in the 1979 broadcast in “gone in the teeth,” said T. S. Eliot) has grown and consolidated itself West Germany of a U.S. television series called “The Holocaust.” It in such proportion as to elude the craft of even the best of forgetters. is in this phase, commonly called Vergangenheitsbewältigung (“deal- Terms introduced in European discourse—formatively in the Janu- ing with the past”), that, for Frei, the “metaphor” of Auschwitz was ary 2000 proclamation by the Stockholm “International Forum on the replaced by the “concept” of the Holocaust. Holocaust” and, signally, in Vienna’s fourth annual international con- Frei does not shy from imagining the new and further evolving uses ference on “Places of Memory” in November of 2002 (from which to which “the Holocaust” will be put in German national life. Com- the collection of eleven essays which forms this book is drawn)—now plicated by Steven Spielberg’s film Schindler’s List and Daniel Gold- regularly refer to the “Cultivation of Remembrance” as the anti- hagen’s Hitler’s Willing Executioners as well as the “historians’ feud” dote to forgetting the Shoah. By 1988, a new, summative, monitory continued on page 16 14 15 AUSTRIAN STUDIES NEWSLETTER FALL 2004

HOLOCAUST REMEMBRANCE from page 15 tive in the history of Austrian consciousness—the broadcast of the (Historikerstreit) of 1985-86, the question now, as Frei sees it, is which U.S. television series “Holocaust” has been. Indeed, she quotes the memory of the Nazi past is supposed to be kept in the twenty-first cen- above-mentioned Dan Diner (whose epistemological essay on the ori- tury. Here, he asks about the reception of the exhibition “Crimes of the gin, nature, validity and limits of Holocaust knowledge is this book’s Wehrmacht” as well as the public reaction to the building of the Berlin premier essay) to the effect that the TV series may well function in the Holocaust Memorial. As an index of sorts, he also considers German history of the Federal Republic of Germany as “a foundational act.” It participation in the Kosovo intervention of 1999. “Never again war!” is her essay here above all that reminds us of the power of media not became, he writes, “Never again Auschwitz!” only to form but even to transform national identity. Frei thinks that it is especially the above-mentioned Stockholm con- A great merit of this collection is Uhl’s decision to include three ference, with its proclamation of “holocaust education” as a European final essays having to do with the East European reception of the goal, that runs the risk of sacralizing and therefore “decontextualiz- Shoah. Thanks to Jan T. Gross’s pioneering—and, in Poland, vastly ing” or, at least, of displacing the onus of the Holocaust. Indeed, the unpopular—account of the Polish murder of three thousand Jews in universalization of the Holocaust remembrance and the anchoring of Jedwabna in the summer of 1942, the contributions here of the Polish that remembrance in global memory lead Frei to wonder whether and Academy of Sciences’ Tomasz Szarota and of the University of Kiel’s how “German learning processes” deriving from the second half of the Rudolf Jaworski further refine questions which have finally flown up twentieth century will survive and develop in the “dehistoricization of into the radar of international historiography. Both of these essays Auschwitz.” question how far the recontextualization of Auschwitz might go. Preliminary to, and an excellent preparation for, Frei’s essay here is Szarota wonders about Stalinism as “the Red Holocaust” and about one by Oliver Marchart on (in translation) “Embattled Presence: The the Nazi destruction of the Slavs as “the forgotten Holocaust,” a term ‘Auschwitz Breach of Civilization’ as Subject to Singularity, Particu- resented in the U.S. Jewish community. larity, Universality and the Globalization of Memory.” Here, in a refu- And Eva Kovacs’s splendid concluding essay reminds us that some tation of the notion of the “particularity” of Holocaust remembrance, countries have still to consider what the “globalization” of the concept Marchart quotes Charles W. Mills’ The Racial Contract of 1997: of “breach of civilzation” might mean for them, pointing to the Hun-

garians’ convenient forgetting of Hungarian implications in the Holo- [T]he despairing question of how there can be poetry after Aus- caust. Franklin Foer, for instance, in his recent How Soccer Explains chwitz evokes puzzled nonwhite response of how there could the World, notes that one of the best soccer teams in Hungary today have been poetry before Auschwitz, and after the killing fields in plays in “lonely misery” because of its Jewish roots. Is Kovacs hop- America, Africa, Asia. The standpoint of Native America, black ing that the Stockholm conference and Hungary’s joining the EU will Africa, colonial Asia, has always been aware that European civi- mean a “globalization” of the meaning of the Shoah such that the lization rests on extra-European barbarism, so that the Jewish “lonely misery” of the best Hungarian soccer team can be overcome? Holocaust, the “Judeocide” (Mayer), is by no means a bolt from This is a volume that should be translated into English forthwith, the blue, an unfathomable anomaly in the development of the and then read by the readers of this newsletter. A discourse of this sort West, but unique only in that it represents use of the Racial Con- has been wanting, and here the need is met. tract against Europeans. (Mills, 102 f.) Russ Christensen In very nearly the longest of her book’s essays, editor Heidemarie Department of Languages and Literatures Uhl is terrific at demonstrating just how prophetic—how transforma- Hamline University

Cinema of the Other Europe from page 14 Hungary’s Istvan Szabo (Mephisto, Colonel Redl), Zoltan Fabri One might have wished for a deeper look into stylistic influences: (Fifth Seal), and Miklos Jansco (almost all his Sixties stuff), along the role of the French New Wave of the late ’50s, early ’60s, Hol- with Poland’s Andrzej Munk (his absurdist masterpieces Passenger, lywood of the ’30s seeping into East Central Europe (e.g., Chaplin Eroica) come in for pertinent comment as “auteurs” and instances in Masaryk’s Czechoslovakia). De Sica and the importance of Ital- illuminating moral choices in the face of historical ironies. A book ian neorealism deserve more sympathy than they get; the former is like this is burdened by the broad sweep necessary to cover the film- described mistakenly as an “outspoken Marxist.” Less cultural studies ographies of perhaps two dozen important directors amid the three to jargon and attention to “le mot juste” would have lent more clarity to four countries spread over a half century of production and the need to Iordanova’s assertions. However, one must say welcome to the club generalize trends as well as aesthetic direction. The author’s post-l989 (of teaching cinema) at a time when so many of the films she cites exemplar seems to be Krzyszof Kieslowski, whose early films were a have disappeared from Western cultural memory or have been reduced part of Poland’s so-called “films of moral concern” of the ’80s martial to cult status, even in their own countries. How exciting to have lived law period (which includes work of Agnieszka Holland, Feliks Falk, at the time when these films could have been experienced fresh on the Krzyszof Zanussi, Wojeich Marszewski, among others) and whose big screen! And each title was a new event, even if only for film buffs later films embraced post-1989 personal concerns that transcended or the arthouse public. These films could not be found in the U.S. com- social issues (The Decalogue, Red, White, Blue). Iordanova catego- mercial cinema, but only at certain film festivals. rizes Kieslowski’s late works as “existential” rather than “historical.” A friend who is director of the Budapest cinematheque relates that Popular genres (science fiction, comedies, crime, mystery, spy her showings of the Hungarian “classics,” some of which occupy the dramas, heritage and folklore films) are merely skimmed in favor of pages of this interesting book, draw fewer than l5 viewers per show. an extended chapter on women’s cinema, which you might expect What does her audience flock to? The films of American Jim Jar- from Iordanova. Marta Meszaros (Hungary) and her Diary films, musch, she says. and Vera Chytilova (Czech Republic) get pride of place. The fate of minorities such as the Romany and the Jews (she discusses Holocaust Albert Milgrom films briefly) become themes in the chapter on East Central European Founder, University of Minnesota Film Society cinema since l989, as films focus on new social issues while still pre- Director, Minneapolis/St.Paul International Film Festival serving interest in enduring issues of moments in national history. 16 17 AUSTRIAN STUDIES NEWSLETTER FALL 2004 HOT OFF THE PRESSES

Oliver Rathkolb, ed. Revisiting the National Socialist Legacy: Coming Oskar Dohle and Nicole Slupetzky. Arbeiter für Endsieg: Zwangsar- to Terms with Forced Labor, Expropriation, Compensation, and Resti- beit im Reichsgau Salzburg, 1939-1945. Vienna: Böhlau, 2004. 256 tution. Rutgers, NJ: Transaction, 2003. 480 pp. ISBN: 0-7658-0596-0. pp., illus. ISBN: 3-205-77255-5. Paper, € 29,90. Paper, $29.95. Stephen Rumph. Beethoven after Napoleon: Political Romanticism Günther Chaloupek, Dionys Lehner, Herbert Matis, and Roman in the Late Works. Berkeley: University of California, 2004. 304 pp., Sandgruber. Österreichische Industriegeschichte. 1700 bis 1848. Die mus. ex. ISBN: 0-520-23855-9. Cloth, $45. vorhandene Chance. Vienna: Ueberreuter, 2003. 343 pp., tables, illus. ISBN: 3-8000-3928-1 Cloth, € 48. Manfred Wehdorn. Wien. Das Historische Zentrum: Weltkulturerbe der UNESCO / Vienna: The Historical Centre: UNESCO World Heri- Leslie Topp. Architecture and Truth in Fin-de-Siècle Vienna. New tage Site. Vienna: Springer, 2004. 225 pp., illus, German and English York: Cambridge, 2004. 248 pp., diagrams, illus. ISBN: 0-521-82275- text. ISBN: 3-211-20157-2. Cloth, € 59. 0. Cloth, $85. Vidosav Stevanovic and Zlata Filipovic. Milosevic: The People’s Gabor Gyani, Gyorgy Kover, and Tibor Valuch. Social History of Tyrant. New York: I. B. Tauris, 2004. 288 pp., illus. ISBN: 1-86064- Hungary from the Middle of the 19th to the End of the 20th Century. 842-8. Cloth, $24.50. Boulder, CO: East European Monographs, 2004. 780 pp. ISBN: 0- 88033-540-8. Cloth, $75. Dist. Columbia University Press. Viktor Karády. The Jews of Europe in the Modern Era: A Socio-His- torical Outline. New York: CEU Press, 2004. 494 pp. ISBN: 963- and Waldemar Hummer, eds. Der Europäischen Kon- 9241-52-0. Cloth: €/$ 49.95. vent und sein Ergebnis: Eine Europäischen Verfassung. Vienna: Böhlau, 2004. 379 pp. ISBN: 3-205-77227-X. Paper, € 55. Christine Roiter. Hedda Wagner—Komponistin, Dichterin, Frauen- rechtlerin. Innsbruck: Studien, 2004. 192 pp. ISBN: 3-7065-4003-7. Leo Black. Franz Schubert: Music and Belief. Rochester, NY: Boy- Paper, € 19. dell, 2004. 224 pp. ISBN: 1-84383-023-X. Cloth, $75. Paul Lendval. The Hungarians: A Thousand Years of Victory in Defeat. Slobodan Naumovic and Miroslav Jovanovich, eds. Childhood in Translated by Ann Major. Princeton, NJ: Princeton, 2003 (cloth), 2004 South East Europe: Historical Perspectives on Growing Up in the (paper). Cloth, 664 pp., illus., maps. ISBN: 0-691-11406-4, $49.95. 19th and 20th Century. 304 pp. ISBN: 3-8258-6439-1. Paper, $44.95. Paper, 608 pp., iluus., maps. ISBN: 0-691-11969-4, $19.95. Dist. Transaction Press. Rothmeier, Christa, ed. Die entzauberte Idylle. 160 Jahre Wien in der Leazló Borhi. Hungary in the Cold War, 1945-1956: Between the tschechischen Literatur. Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences, 2004. United States and the Soviet Union. New York: CEU Press, 2004. 354 724 pp. ISBN: 3-70013261-4. Cloth, slipcover, € 50. pp. ISBN: 963-9241-80-6. Cloth, €/$ 49.50. Bozidar Jezernik. Wild Europe: The Balkans in the Gaze of Western Ileana Alexandra Orlich. Articulating Gender, Narrating the Nation: Travellers. New York: I.B. Tauris, 2004. 320 pp. ISBN: 0-86356-574- Allegorical Femininity in Romanian Fiction. Boulder, CO: East Euro- 3. Paper, $24.95. pean Monographs, 2004. 180 pp. ISBN: 0-88033-547-5. Cloth, $45. Dist. Columbia University Press. Mark Pittaway. Eastern Europe, 1939-2000. New York: Oxford, 2004. 297 pp., illus. ISBN: 0-34076-219-5. Cloth, $65; paper, $19.95. Dagmar C. Lorenz, ed. A Companion to the Works of Elias Canetti. Rochester, NY: Camden House, 2004. 320 pp., illus. ISBN: 1-157113- Ernst Bruckmüller. The Austrian Nation: Cultural Consciousness and 234-1. Cloth, $90. Socio-Political Processes. Translated and with an afterword by Lowell A. Bangerter. Riverside, CA: Ariadne, 2003. 480 pp. ISBN 1-57241- Elisabeth Kovács. Untergang oder Rettung der Donaumonarchie? Die 115-5. Paper, $48. Österreichische Frage. Kaiser und König Karl I. (IV.) und die Neu- ordnung Mitteleuropas. Vienna: Böhlau, 2004. 804 pp., illus. ISBN Ferdinand Opll. Wien im Bild historischer Karten. Die Entwicklung 3-205-77237-7. Cloth, € 95. der Stadt bis in die Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts. Vienna: Böhlau, 2004. 180 pp., illus. ISBN: 3-205-772-40-7. Cloth, € 65. Viorel Achim. The Roma in Romanian History. New York: CEU Press, 2004. 233 pp. ISBN: 963-9241-84-9. Cloth, €/$ 49.95. Gerd Graßhoff and Timm Lampert. Ludwig Wittgensteins Logisch- Philosophische Abhandlung. Entstehungsgeschichte und Herausgabe Klaus Hödl, ed. Historisches Bewußtsein von Juden. Strategien— der Typoskripte und Korrekturexemplare. Vienna: Springer, 2003. 465 Aspekte—Diskurse. Innsbruck: Studien, 2004. 278 pp. ISBN: 3-7065- pp. ISBN: 3-211-83782-5. Cloth, € 125. 1929-1. Paper, € 30. Frane Adam, Matej Makarović, Borut Rončević, and Matevž Tomšić. Judith G. Kelley. Ethnic Politics in Europe: The Power of Norms The Challenges of Sustained Development: The Role of Socio-Cul- and Incentives. Princeton, NJ: Princeton, 2004. 264 pp., illus., tables. tural Factors in East-Central Europe. New York: CEU Press, 2004. ISBN: 0-691-11798-5. Cloth, $35. 240 pp., tables. ISBN: 963-9241-96-2. Cloth, €/$ 44.95. 16 17 AUSTRIAN STUDIES NEWSLETTER FALL 2004 News from the Field Fulbright in Austria: an overview

Left to right: Ed Brzytwa, Monterey Institute of International Studies, a Fulbright grantee who attended the Vienna Diplomatic Academy under the auspices of a jointly sponsored grant, and Lonnie Johnson, executive director, Austrian Fulbright Commission, at the July 6 graduation ceremony. by Lonnie Johnson international experience, personal enrichment, and an open exchange of ideas with citizens of other nations. Most grantees plan their own The purpose of the Fulbright Program is to promote “mutual programs. Projects may include university coursework, classes in a understanding between the people of the United States and the peoples music conservatory or art school (pending auditions and acceptance), of other countries.” Established in 1946 under legislation introduced independent library, archive or field research, or special projects in the by Senator J. Willliam Fulbright from Arkansas, the Fulbright Program social or life sciences. currently operates in 140 countries, including fifty-one countries with The Austrian Fulbright Commission annually offers up to eight binational Fulbright Commissions such as the Austrian-American Commission-supported research grants (including a new jointly Educational Commission. Since its inception in 1946, over 250,000 sponsored award to study at the Diplomatic Academy in Vienna) and students, teachers, academics, and professionals have participated in up to twelve study grants combined with English language teaching the Fulbright Program, including 5,000 citizens of Austria and the U.S. assistantships for American students. Applicants whose projects who are alumni of the Austrian-American program. require full-time research are encouraged to apply for full study grants. Funded primarily by direct contributions from the governments of Recent college and university graduates may apply for full-time the United States of America and the Republic of Austria, the Fulbright research grants, contingent upon their project proposals; however, Program provides grants for U.S. citizens who are recent graduates they are generally advised to apply for study grants combined with and graduate students (or scholars and professionals) to study, teach, teaching assistantships (twelve hours per week) at secondary schools or pursue research in Austria; and grants for Austrian citizens to in university cities. All grantees are enrolled in Austrian universities engage in similar activities in the U.S. The Fulbright Student Program and receive tuition remissions under the auspices of the program. is designed to give recent B.S./B.A. graduates, master’s and doctoral Advance planning is one of the keys to a successful Fulbright candidates, and young professionals and artists opportunities for application. At most institutions, the application process begins on 18 19 AUSTRIAN STUDIES NEWSLETTER FALL 2004 SAHH NEWS

Piecing together the Habsburg mosaic In the fall 2002 edition of the Austrian Studies Newsletter, my Despite his own impressive linguistic capabilities, Thomas Winkel- predecessor Pieter Judson reminded us to what extent nationalist bauer felt obliged to begin his very fine two-volume history of the issues have warped our understanding of the Habsburg lands in the Austrian lands by lamenting that he has no Hungarian, Romanian, modern period. As a scholar of the premodern era, I would like to Polish, or Turkish. raise the same issue for my period of specialization, for early mod- Fortunately, in recent years there has been a marked increase in ernists have even greater reason to view this region from a broad collaborative work by scholars seeking to cross these linguistic and supranational perspective that eschews political, cultural and social political boundaries. A brief overview of some recent conferences boundaries often anachronistically imposed by scholars from a later highlights this salutary trend. In July, the Institut für Ostdeutsche generation. In a now famous turn of phrase, R. J. W. Evans once Kirchen- und Kulturgeschichte sponsored a conference on religious described the Habsburg polity as “a mildly centripetal agglutina- exiles appropriately held in the border town of Görlitz/Zgorzelec. tion of bewilderingly heterogeneous elements,” and it is precisely Last May in the Czech Republic, there was an international meet- this heterogeneity that has made the study of central Europe such ing organized around the theme of pilgrimage. Slovakian and Hun- an exciting intellectual enterprise. From my own experience I was garian scholars are now jointly organizing a conference on early attracted to sixteenth-century Vienna by this vibrant process of cul- modern magic and science. This past autumn in Wrocław there was tural cross-pollination. Where else but Vienna could one track the an interdisciplinary conference considering ’s pivotal role careers of a Silesian doctor, an Alsatian soldier, a Dutch librarian in Central Europe during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. and an Italian artist? And it was not just these grand residence cities And of course there was the Center for Austrian Studies’s own con- that could lay claim to such a rich diversity. For the later period there ference in September 2003 that reflected on the development of the was the thriving trade entrepôt of Ľviv (Lwów/ Lemberg/Leopolis) baroque city. Here scholars who specialized in regions ranging from that boasted cathedrals of four Christian creeds, not to mention a Spain to Poland came together to work on a common topic. Though large Jewish population. much of central Europe’s diversity has been lost after a century of But despite this ethnic, cultural, and confessional diversity, genocide and ethnic cleansing, historians in many respects have a there have been countervailing forces that have all too frequently moral responsibility to help piece together the intricate mosaic that parochialized the study of early modern Central Europe. Scholarly once existed in the very heart of the continent. agendas shaped by nationalist concerns have narrowed our view of Howard Louthan this region. A more legitimate problem are the obvious linguistic Executive Secretary challenges. There are very few in the scholarly community who Society of Austrian and Habsburg Historians have mastered all the major languages of the Habsburg territories. [email protected]

campus with advising and interviews. Applications for Fulbright Last but not least, the Austrian Fulbright Commission is responsible grants initially are handled by the Institute of International Education for managing applications for the Austrian Ministry of Education, (IIE) in New York City and accepted between May 1 and October 1 Culture, and Science’s U.S. English Language Teaching Assistantship each year for the following academic year. Decisions on awards are Program. This program provides U.S. college and university graduates made by a binational committee of the Fulbright Commission in with opportunities to work at secondary schools throughout Austria. Vienna. Consult www.iie.org for details. U.S. teaching assistants are assigned to one or two Austrian secondary The Council for International Exchange of Scholars (CIES) is schools and assist teachers of English in classroom instruction twelve responsible for handling the initial phase of the applications for the hours per week. In addition to a monthly salary that is sufficient to Fulbright Scholar Program for faculty and professionals in the U.S. cover living costs, teaching assistants are fully covered by the Austrian There are two annual application deadlines for Fulbright grants for national health insurance program. Applicants should have at least a scholars to Austria: May 1 for the six Fulbright Distinguished Chairs BA degree and be interested in careers in education. Prospective that the Austrian Fulbright Commission co-sponsors with universi- teachers of German or TESOL and/or graduates with a documented ties in Vienna, Graz, , Klagenfurt, Salzburg, and Innsbruck, and interest in Austrian studies are particularly encouraged to apply. A August 1 for the “traditional” awards which include two lecturing working knowledge of German is required and necessary to facilitate and research awards (open to all disciplines); a special American classroom work. Studies award that rotates from university to university in Austria; an For additional information on the Austrian Ministry of Education, Austrian-Hungarian Joint Research Award (two months Austria, two Culture, and Science’s U.S. English Language Teaching Assistantship months in Hungary); the Fulbright-Diplomatic Academy Visiting Pro- Program consult the website of the Austrian Fulbright Commission fessor of International Relations (four months lecturing); Fulbright- at ww.fulbright.at. The deadline for applying for this program is IFK Visiting Fellow in Cultural Studies (four months research); and February 15 for the following school year (October-May). the Fulbright-Freud Museum Visiting Scholar in Psychoanalysis (four Lonnie Johnson is executive director of the Austrian Fulbright months lecturing/research). Scholars and professionals are encouraged Commission. v to consult the CIES website for details: www.cies.org. 18 19 AUSTRIAN STUDIES NEWSLETTER FALL 2004 News from the North

At the Wirth Institute for Austrian and Central European Studies are, left to right: H.E., Mr. Denes Tomaj ( of the Republic of Hungary to Canada), H.E., Ms. Veronika Stabej (Ambassador of the Republic of Slovenia to Canada), H.E., Dr. Pawel Dobrowolski (Ambassador of the Republic of Poland to Canada), Franz Szabo, Mr. Alfred G. Wirth, H.E., Mr. Vladimír Kotzy (Ambassador of the Czech Republic to Canada), Dr. Erhard Busek, and H.E., Dr. Otto Ditz (Ambassador of the Republic of Austria to Canada). Austria honors Wirth Institute patron On March 25, 2004, Dr. Erhard Busek, former vice chancellor of the European Union (especially with regards to the role of the ten new Austria, and current special coordinator of the Stability Pact for South members within the EU and the impacts of this significant change for Eastern Europe, director of the Institute for the Danube Region and the EU relations with Canada). Key topics such as international trade, Central Europe, and president of the European Forum Alpbach, pre- security and defense, immigration control, education, the environ- sented Mr. Alfred G. Wirth, principal patron of the Wirth Institute for ment, science and technology, and globalization were addressed. Austrian and Central European Studies, with the Austrian Grand Order In 2004, the Institute has also been marking the centenary of the of Merit for Services to the Republic of Austria (Grosses Ehrenzeichen death of Antonín Dvořák with a seven-part concert and recital series, für die Verdienste um die Republik Österreich). mounted in conjunction with the Czechoslovak Society of Arts and The presentation took place at a special ceremony held in a ven- Sciences (SVU) of Alberta. The series was launched by Canada’s erable historic site of the Province of Alberta—the residence of the famous Gryphon Trio in January, and was followed by recitals by the first Premier of the Province, Alexander C. Rutherford. Joining Dr. Czech pianists Boris Krajný and Antonín Kubalek in February and Busek for this special occasion were the of the countries April, respectively. Four further concerts will be featured in the fall that support the Institute, who all traveled to Edmonton specifically semester, culminating in November with a visit to Edmonton of the to attend this ceremony and a major international conference on the Kapralová Quartet and pianist Jaromír Klepáč. Also on the musical enlargement of the European Union (EU). Attending were Their front, the Institute begins its cosponsorship of a series devoted to the Excellencies Dr. Otto Ditz, Austrian ambassador to Canada, Mr. masses of Franz Joseph Haydn. The first concert on 3 October 2004 Vladimír Kotzy, Czech ambassador to Canada, Mr. Denes Tomaj, will feature Haydn’s Mass in Time of War, which will be performed by Hungarian ambassador to Canada, Dr. Pawel Dobrowolski, Polish Pro Coro Canada and members of the Edmonton Symphony Orchestra ambassador to Canada, and Ms. Veronika Stabej, Slovenian ambas- under the baton of Richard Sparks at Edmonton’s Winspear Centre sador to Canada (Slovakia, which also supports the Institute, currently for Music. Other late Haydn masses will follow annually for the sub- does not have an ambassador posted to Canada). Numerous members sequent five years. Finally, the musical agenda of the Institute will of the University of Alberta’s senior administration and high-ranking include the release of its second compact disc this fall, featuring a solo officials from the federal government of Canada and the provincial recital of Central European music by the Polish pianist, Magda- government of Alberta were also present for the occasion. lena Adamek. The conference, a joint enterprise of the Wirth Institute and the In other major developments, the staff of the institute continues to Institute of European and Russian Studies of Carleton University grow thanks to the generosity of the Central European communities in in Ottawa, was held in two venues, Ottawa and Edmonton. Senior Alberta. Following the example of the Austrian Ministry of Education, government officials and heads of NGOs from the acceding countries Science, and Culture’s subsidization of a “postgraduate stipendium,” participated along with some of Canada’s leading EU scholars. The which provides for an Austrian research assistant/intern at the Institute opening address of both portions of the conference was delivered every year, the Hungarian community of Alberta began subsidizing a via video by Günter Verheugen, EU Commissioner responsible for similar program for a young Hungarian scholar in the 2002-2003 aca- enlargement. The conference focused on the processes, challenges, demic year. This year, the Czech community has followed suit, and the and consequences associated with the recent wave of enlargement of continued on next page 20 21 AUSTRIAN STUDIES NEWSLETTER FALL 2004 HABSBURG happenings Bringing authors and readers into the discussion of books After nearly ten years of interactive book reviews on HABSBURG, for “HABSBURG Reviews” (select the HABSBURG network and it still startles me that some authors are surprised by the opportunity phrase search) identifies 337 reviews published to date. to respond to our reviews of their books. Of course, the virtual ab- HABSBURG’s twenty reviews to date in 2004 have included sence of this opportunity is the authors’ frame of reference. The kind Jeremy King, Budweisers into Czechs and Germans: A Local His- of author responses most of us see in the print journals frequently tory of Bohemian Politics, 1848-1948; Claire Nolte, The Sokol in come off as defensive, contentious, or picky. Authors who write us the Czech Lands to 1914: Training for the Nation; Maria Bucur, about reviews of their books are anxious not to appear this way. Eugenics and Modernization in Interwar Romania; Cathleen Gius- Because we understand what is at stake when a scholarly book is tino, Tearing Down Prague’s Jewish Town: Ghetto Clearance and reviewed, it is HABSBURG policy to contact authors of reviewed the Legacy of Middle-Class Ethnic Politics around 1900; Joachim books to invite them to prepare an online response. Ideally, we pro- von Puttkamer, Schulalltag und nationale Integration in Ungarn; vide the author with a confidential, pre-publication copy of the re- Ernst Bruckmüller, Ernst Hanisch, Roman Sandgruber, and Norbert view, not to invite them to revise the review but rather to provide time Weigl, Geschichte der österreichischen Land- und Forstwirtschaft for a response that will appear right after the review. This is more im 20. Jahrhundert; and Rudolf Leeb, Maximilian Liebmann, Georg than just a professional courtesy. 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News from the North from page 20 from Charles University in Prague, and by Ms. Krisztina Kádár from Polish community has committed to subsidize such a position begin- Eötvös Loránd University in Budapest. The Director himself is on ning with the 2005-2006 academic year. Negotiations are also being sabbatical this year, but the newcomers will assist the permanent staff conducted with the Slovak and Slovenian governments to provide and Assistant Director, Krištof Jacek Kozak, in insuring an active similar opportunities for graduate students from their countries. scholarly and cultural program in the 2004-2005 academic year. For This year the Institute staff will be joined by research assitants Mr. details, readers are encouraged to visit the Institute’s new website at Gregor Korkorz from the University of Graz, Ms. Eva Kreuzbergová www.arts.ualberta.ca/wi/. v 20 21 AUSTRIAN STUDIES NEWSLETTER FALL 2004 SALZBURG 2004: yes, virginia, there was unity and coherence

A pleasantly gruesome Edward II: Top, Daniel Wahl lifting Bruno Catthomas (Edward II), with Silvia Fenz in the foreground. (Photo by Sebastian Hoppe, courtesy Salzburg Festival.) by Barbara Lawatsch Melton Schubert’s “Totengraebers Heimwehe,” Heine’s “Warte, warte wilder Schiffsmann” from Schumann’s Liederkreis op. 24, and Loewe’s Peter Ruzicka’s announcement that he would not renew his con- “Edward.” But Maltman’s impeccable German diction is equally tract as artistic director of the Salzburg festival beyond 2006 was an capable of conveying humor. His wit was evident in Goethe/Loewe’s unexpected bombshell. Although he will remain in his position for two “Wandering Bell” but especially in Moerike/Wolf’s “Abschied,” where more years, the battle over who will succeed him has already begun a reviewer ultimately receives a kick in the rump. The climax of the and dominated the 2004 season. In late spring, the Festival’s board evening was Maltman’s gripping rendition of Loewe’s “Erlkoenig,” had informally agreed on Sir Peter Jonas, a native of London currently where he used the many shades of his voice to stunning dramatic directing the Bavarian State Opera. At that point, however, the Federal effect. Compounding the magic alluded to in several of the pieces was Government reportedly intervened on behalf of Austrian star conduc- Wolfram Rieger’s piano accompaniment. Rieger’s sensitivity to every tor Franz Welser-Moest (who had not even applied for the position) nuance of meaning and musical expression beautifully complemented and, according to some, also violated the board’s procedures by float- Maltman’s brilliant vocals. ing the names of the applicants. Jonas promptly withdrew his name While Maltman’s recital featured a lively mix of moods, Gidon from consideration, Salzburg and Vienna remain at war, and the issue Kremer’s Kremerata Baltica offered a relentlessly depressing selection. of Ruzicka’s succession is once again up in the air. A brief, mournful Prelude in memoriam Dimitri Shostakovich for Although it created political chaos, Ruzicka’s announcement seemed violin and tape by Alfred Schnittke set the tone. It was followed by to create a volte-face among his critics. Many of those who had once Shostakovich’s own String Quartet No. 13 in b-flat minor op.138. deemed his low-key style excessively cautious and conservative now Another Shostakovich quartet, No. 15 in e-flat minor op.144, formed praised his achievements—and deservedly so. It was, after all, Ruzicka the final section of the concert. In both pieces the screams of the string who helped restore calm in the wake of his sometimes exhibitionist instruments highlight the composer’s preoccupation with, resistance to, predecessor, Gerard Mortier, who seemed to thrive on combative press and ultimate despair over death. Inserted between these string quartets conferences and sensationalist provocation. Unlike his predecessor, was Schnittke’s Trio for violin, , and cello, commissioned to furthermore, Ruzicka has concentrated more on the musical aspects of commemorate Berg’s hundredth birthday but dominated by grim and the Festival and less on the selection of directors. The positive results sometimes violent themes. All selections were played with impeccable of this focus were visible in this year’s season. musicianship by mostly young musicians—Ula Ulijona on the viola One of the remarkable features of the 2004 Festival was the stood out—but one wished for a concert more balanced in mood. emergence of a number of fabulous young musicians, all of them Nikolaus Harnoncourt’s Concentus Musicus came to the rescue the already accomplished but also on the cusp of international renown. following evening with a more light-hearted Bach program, centered An outstanding example is the British baritone Christopher Maltman, around coffee and the Kaffeehaus, that also managed to explore seri- who interpreted selections from the German Romantic repertoire. ous artistic issues. A good example was Harnoncourt’s interpretation Maltman was at his best in highly dramatic selections, notably in of Bach’s “Streit zwischen Phoebus und Pan,” written for performance 22 23 AUSTRIAN STUDIES NEWSLETTER FALL 2004

Above, Christopher Maltman. (Photo courtesy Salzburg Festival archives.) Left: Isabel Rey makes her flying entrance as Cupid in Pur- cell’s King Arthur. (Photo by Clärchen and Matthias Baus.)

in a Kaffeehaus. The ensemble brought out Bach’s caricature of the new style galante, informed as it was by the composer’s concern with the growing popularity of music he himself considered insipid, an issue as topical today as it was in Bach’s time. Various layers of mean- ing were also evident in the ensemble’s interpretation of the famous Kaffeekantate. For all the memorable humor of the piece, one also sensed the serious issue of addiction as well as the futility of a parent’s attempt to steer his child away from harmful influences. The preceding Overture in D-Major BWV 1068 shunned pomposity and excessively slow tempi, and emphasized instead the lightness, warmth, and pure joy of the piece. The concert was prefaced by a short, funny and yet insightful introduction by Maestro Harnoncourt. Not all conductors can pull off this sort of thing, but Harnoncourt brilliantly made use of the occasion both to connect with his audience and put it in an appro- priate mood. and facilitated dramatic appearances and departures from the stage. As in Bach’s Kaffeekantate, the generation gap also loomed large in A video of the approaching assassins in clown costume flashed this year’s production of Mozart’s Cosi fan tutte. Sets and costumes, periodically and provided visual contrast. The Peers were represented with spare stage, wide horizon, and young people in sport dress con- as a mass of easily manipulated men, uniformly dressed in white shirts jured up associations with Schnitzler, “Das Weite Land” of the soul. As and gray pants, who sometimes appear as a rhythmically shouting in Schnitzler, the young couples are ultimately incapable of any true chorus or even practicing a sort of martial aerobics which obviously union of souls. While comedy receives its due, the directors Ursel and prepares them to act violently without thinking. Steven Scharf is an Karl-Ernst Herrmann also pay attention to the opera’s tragic aspects. appropriately masculine and muscular Mortimer, contrasting with Don Alfonso (Thomas Allen) even gets to conduct a few measures, Bruno Catthomas’s dissipated and whiny King Edward. That his just as he manipulates the young lovers, who eventually find them- childish demeanor degenerates into utter dissolution and ultimately selves caught in a small labyrinth that prevents them from uniting. He into cruelty makes perfect sense. But he never attains any stature was cleverly assisted by the superb Helen Donath as Despina. Under as a king and hence fails to arouse much compassion, despite the the young conductor Philippe Jordan, the Vienna Philharmonic did an nightmarish atmosphere in which he finally meets his end (Edward is excellent job of reconciling the direction of the piece with Mozart’s kept under guard in a filthy hole and eventually murdered by a gang music and the vocal skills of the singers. Tamar Iveri, who conveyed of amoral clowns). Dino Scandariato as Edward’s lover Gaveston is Fiordiligi’s dilemma touchingly, Elina Garanca (Dorabella), Saimir not allowed to attain any personality beyond that of a manipulative Pirgu (Ferrando), and Nicola Ulivieri (Guglielmo) formed a quartet of lover. The only characters who inspire much sympathy are Edward’s phenomenal voices. Their youthfulness was refreshing and reinforced innocent son (Kilian Blum, Thierry Schmidlin), whose questions the ease with which they were manipulated. expose the darker motives of the conspiracy against his father, and Manipulation and obsessive love, now translated into a cycle Queen Isabella, played gracefully by Olivia Grigolli. Only after of escalating violence, were central themes in Marlowe’s Edward her repeated efforts to win the king’s love meet with rejection and II. On the whole, director Sebastian Nübling achieved his goal of humiliation does she finally decide to betray the king. translating violence into abstract images. The simple set at the Perner A royal drama of a different kind, Henry Purcell’s King Arthur, Insel consisted of a large square surrounded by wooden walls roughly with text by John Dryden, was staged in the . Com- seven feet in height, on which the actors were periodically required pleted in 1693, within two years of Purcell’s “dramatick opera,” the to climb up hurriedly—no small athletic feat. The set also allowed Felsenreitschule provided an ideal background for the modernized protagonists, such as the Queen, to be present in the background continued on page 24 22 23 AUSTRIAN STUDIES NEWSLETTER FALL 2004

Thomas Klestil from page 1 the government and who is the center of power in Austrian politics. It was the leftist opposition that helped him to overcome his political Reduced to what seemed to be less attractive domestic roles, Klestil isolation after 2000. The SPÖ and the Greens became his main became especially active in Central Europe. His presidency was defenders. And it was his party, the ÖVP, which started to think loudly defined by his excellent relations with Austria’s neighboring countries. about the possibility of reducing or even abolishing the presidential He was the main founder of the regular meetings of the heads of state office. of all Central European countries, from Germany to Ukraine. And At the end of his tenure, and his life, Klestil was a polarizing even though these heads of state are in most of the cases—like Klestil figure domestically. But the success of his political life was in the himself—second to the heads of government, the personal side of international arena. After his work for chancellor Klaus, Klestil international relations cannot be underestimated. spent most of his diplomatic career in the U.S. As consul general in Klestil helped to overcome some frictions based on not only history , as ambassador to the UN in New York and, finally, as but also contemporary experiences. Despite many reservations on ambassador to the US in Washington during most of the Reagan years, the Austrian side, Klestil bridged the gap between Austria and the he became familiar with Austria’s “image problem.” He realized that postcommunist countries in Central Europe. The EU enlargement of Austria not only profited from the positive stereotype of The Sound of 2004 was eased by his activities. He did not define Austria’s policy, Music, but also suffered from the negative stereotype, “Austria wants but he was able to sell it in the best possible way. to make the world believe that Beethoven was Austrian and Hitler was Klestil’s state funeral on July 10 reflected the success of this German.” mission. All eight neighbouring countries were represented by their He became aware that many Austrian exiles felt neglected by a heads of state. Vaclav Havel, the former Czech president and symbol country that claimed to be Hitler’s “first victim” but had done next to of the transformation of 1989, attended, as did Presidents Vladimir nothing to bring back the individual victims. This was his agenda when Putin of Russia and Aleksander Kwasniewski of Poland. he became president after the unhappy period. He The meaning is clear. Klestil has been much more recognized as a successfully tried, in cooperation with Chancellor Vranitzky and Vice major figure outside his own country. Within Austria, the FPÖ and Chancellor Erhard Busek, to redefine Austria’s role during the Nazi many leading figures of his own party, the ÖVP, could not forgive him period. In 1994, during his official visit to Israel, he underlined the for his outspoken criticism in 2000, when he tried to prevent a coalition now official message of Austria’s coresponsibility for the Holocaust that included the FPÖ, a party considered all over Europe to be outside and the other atrocities with which the Nazi regime is identified. the post-1945 mainstream. His personal life—his divorce and his Part of his agenda was also Austria’s ambition to become a member second marriage—was the pretext of sometimes hateful criticism. of the European Union. In 1994, backed by some legal scholars, he Only at the end, when the official Austria and the Austrian society fought to become Austria’s representative in the European Council. He bade a last farewell, did many Austrians realize how instrumental lost this battle due to the realities of Austrian politics. It was (and is) Thomas Klestil was in making Austria accepted, in Europe as well as the chancellor who speaks for Austria within the EU. This experience worldwide. would repeat itself in 2000. The Austrian presidency is a secondary Anton Pelinka, one of Austria’s foremost political scientists, is a function. It is not the president but the chancellor who is in control of professor of political science at the University of Innsbruck. v salzburg 2004 from page 23 fers most from its consequences. Yet the production also brings out baroque spectacle conceived by director Jürgen Flimm and conducted the humorous aspects embedded in both Dryden’s text and Purcell’s by Nikolaus Harnoncourt. Evoking the stage machinery of Purcell’s music. Among the actors this was most delightfully realized by Alex- time, Cupid came sailing in from on high on strings. In more contem- andra Henkel as Philidel, a spirit of the air, who defects from the porary fashion, sorcerer Merlin arrived on a surfboard. The wooden Saxons and decides to assist the magician Merlin (Christoph Bantzer) sets, shocking blue with rainbow colors, could have been kept a bit on the side of the Britons. But their leader, Michael Maertens’s King more subdued and free of silly graffiti, but they did not obscure the Arthur, is something of a whiny antihero, who barely gets through the hall’s renowned arcades and noticeably improved the difficult acous- obligatory tests and nonetheless stumbles into victory. The director tics of the space. thereby avoids a simplistic contrast between the warring factions. In Placed in a center opening of the huge oval forming the stage, Har- the same vein, Werner Woelbern is more grumpy than frightening as noncourt and his Concentus Musicus Wien were indeed at the center earth spirit Grimbald. The stars of the evening are inevitably the vocal of the production. They breathed life into every phase of the drama, soloists, who took on a variety of roles. Barbara Bonney and Isabel alternately uplifting, entertaining, clarifying, or intensifying the emo- Rey were, among their many other characters, truly seductive mer- tion of each scene. Flimm and Harnoncourt deserve high praise for maids, Michael Schade was memorable for his immaculate singing giving the drama a form that respects Dryden’s text and skillfully and his impersonation of a pop singer. Birgit Remmert was an impres- interweaves spoken and musical parts, all the while crafting a coher- sive alto, Oliver Widmer an excellent baritone. ent plot. Equally impressive was the choreography by Catharina The production could have done without the overly burlesque entry Luehr, who at one point had all the actors, singers from the outstand- of Merlin as the caricature of a (female) festival guest. But otherwise ing Konzertvereinigung Wiener Staatsopernchor, and chorus dancers it succeeds in presenting an entertaining baroque Gesamtkunstwerk, waltzing around the orchestra oval in a way that placed all soloists touching upon serious issues while meeting the highest artistic stan- in the right spot at the right time. Reflecting the Baroque idea of the dards. What more could be asked of a Festival production? world as illusion, the production also skillfully plays with duplication The high musical quality of King Arthur and Cosi fan tutte charac- of characters. Dazzling costumes designed by Birgit Hutter completed terized the festival as a whole. And while a strength of Gerard Mortier the Gesamtkunstwerk. was his conscious effort to give each season a unifying theme, this The opera revolves around the confrontation and eventual unifica- year’s productions under Ruzicka were also clearly connected. Super- tion of Christian Britons and pagan Saxons, and the rivalry between natural or unfathomable forces—magic, love, obsession, and addic- King Arthur and the Saxon leader Oswald over the love of the beauti- tion—along with the related themes of death and (self-) destruction, ful, blind Emmeline. The serious themes of the opera were conveyed formed a subtle thematic web that could be subsumed under the idea in particular by Sylvie Rohrer’s Emmeline, who detests war and suf- of transitoriness, giving the 2004 season unity and coherence. v 24 25 AUSTRIAN STUDIES NEWSLETTER FALL 2004 “ARCHIVING MEMORY” TO TURN BUILDING INTO GIANT PHOTO ALBUM

An extraordinary thirty- and fade. In the evening, the five-foot-high interactive Library’s lighting backlights public art project/exhibition, the photographs so they look “Archiving Memory: The out intently over the Univer- Art of Preservation,” will sity’s West Bank, attract- open in fall 2004, visually ing a variety of audiences transforming three floors to the project. “In effect, of the University of Minne- ‘Archiving Memory’ turns sota’s Elmer L. Andersen the Elmer Andersen Library Library into a photographic into a three-dimensional memorial celebrating cul- open book,” says Coyne, tural survival and heritage in “or a photo album that uses the face of persecution, war state-of-the-art digital imag- and exile through the family ing and cutting-edge design photograph. to invoke the aesthetics of Based upon photographs memory. and interviews with Austrian “When people are perse- Holocaust survivors and cuted, family photographs Nazi Resisters, the walk- are often the only surviving through project employs fragments from their native twelve rare life-size family or destroyed culture,” adds photos from individuals who Coyne. The artist discov- fled, survived concentration ered while living in the camps, resisted the Nazi mid-1980s in Vienna that regime, lived in hiding, or Austrian archives had not rescued Jews as a metaphor actively maintained collec- for memory and loss. tions pertaining to the his- “Archiving Memory,” tory of Austrian Jews and in which will run through June part, other persecuted groups 2005, was created by Min- during World War II, leav- neapolis photographer/visual ing them out of the public anthropologist Nancy Ann record. “The ‘Archiving Coyne in collaboration with Memory’ project gives these Associate Professor Wil- people back a place in his- liam F. Conway and Adjunct tory,” says Coyne. Assistant Professor Marcy The exhibition is free and Schulte of Conway + Schulte Architects; Capsule Design, in coopera- open to the public. The interior section of “Archiving Memory” can tion with Timothy Johnson, curator of Special Collections and Rare be viewed from 8:30 a.m. - 5:00 p.m., Monday-Friday. The exterior Books at the Elmer L. Anderson Library; and Robert Silberman, is viewable 24 hours a day. Elmer L. Andersen Library is located on associate professor of art history. Inspired in part by the Robert Kann the West Bank Campus at 222 21st Avenue S., Minneapolis. Collection of Austrian History and Literature and other multicultural “Archiving Memory” is a partnership of the University Libraries, collections housed at the library, “Archiving Memory” illustrates the Special Collections and Rare Books Unit, the College of Archi- how the library insures that cultural diversity is written into the tecture and Landscape Architecture, the Center for Austrian Studies, human record. and the University of Minnesota’s Public Art on Campus program at The exhibition incorporates the Elmer Andersen Library’s windows the Frederick R. Weisman Art Museum, in cooperation with Interme- to frame images of twelve people persecuted by the Nazis, position- dia Arts and the Minnesota Center for Book Arts. ing them in the public domain—integrating photography with the A free public reception, featuring remarks by Thomas Fisher, building’s interior and exterior surfaces. Each window, representing dean of the College of Architecture and Landscape Architecture, and one year from 1936 to 1947, will be accompanied by oral history the creator Nancy Ann Coyne, will be held inside the atrium of the text panels that recount how each individual experienced that year Andersen Library on opening day (date TBA) from 4:00-6:00 p.m. and how each saved their photograph. As natural light shines through For information about the reception or more details about “Archiving the Library’s windows, the survivors’ life-size images are projected Memory,” call 612-626-9166 or 612 -625-9686. onto walls and corridors. The photographs come into view, recede Above photo by Jamason Chen. 24 25 AUSTRIAN STUDIES NEWSLETTER FALL 2004 Announcements

INTERNATIONAL ter interdisciplinary discussion about different April 20-21, 2005, London School of Econom- CONFERENCES & SYMPOSIA aspects of media in dictatorships, amongst them ics. The 2005 conference committee is calling the Third Reich and Stalin’s Soviet Union. Con- for papers to be presented on April 20, 2005. Sug- Greece. International conference. Seventh Inter- tact: Centre for the Study of Soviet History, Lossi gested themes include: ancient empire, myths national Conference on Urban History, October 3 409, 51000 Tartu, Estonia. Tel: 372-737-5658. and memories of empire, the collapse of empire 27-30, 2004, Athens-Piraeus. “Another (Hi)Story and the rise of nations, the American empire of Modernity: Urban Everyday Life in the 19th Austria. International conference. “After Fas- and post-imperialism, empire and representa- Century, Europe West—Europe East.” Contact: cism: Re-Democratization of Western European tion: art and image. (April 21 will be devoted to Prof. Dr. Heinz Reif (Technische Universität Society and Political Culture since 1945,” May a series of panel sessions.) Use online form to Berlin), [email protected], or Dr. 19-21, 2005, Vienna. The Bruno Kreisky Archive submit your proposal. The application is open to Dobrinka Parusheva (Institute of Balkan Studies, Foundation is sponsoring a conference about vari- any researcher who is interested in the study of Sofia), [email protected]. ous aspects of the reconstruction and reproduction nationalism; Ph.D. students and young scholars of democratic social and political systems in the are particularly encouraged to apply. Suggestions United States. Conference. Conference on Cen- wake of National Socialism and indigenous fas- for panels and additional themes are welcome. tral European Intellectual Émigrés in the United cist movements in Western Europe. The multidis- Submitted papers will be considered for publica- States in the 1930s, November 11-13, 2004, Col- ciplinary conference will include political scien- tion in a special issue of Studies in Ethnicity and lege of Charleston, Charleston, SC. Conveners: tists, historical anthropologists, historical sociol- Nationalism (SEN). ASEN cannot cover travel Richard Bodek, Program in Jewish Studies, and ogists, and social or political historians. Contact: or accommodation costs. Presenters must regis- Simon Lewis, Carolina Lowcountry and Atlantic Dr. Maria Mesner, Stiftung Bruno Kreisky Archiv, ter for the conference. Contact: ASEN 2005 Con- World Program. The 1930s saw the mass exodus e-mail: [email protected], or Dr. Mat- ference Committee, London School of Econom- of European artists, social scientists, and human- thew Paul Berg, John Carroll University, Dept. of ics, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, UK. ists to the United States. In 1975, H. Stuart Hughes History, e-mail: [email protected]. E-mail: [email protected], website: www.lse.ac.uk/ published The Sea Change, the classic account of collections/ASEN/conference2005.htm. Dead- the arrival of émigré European theorists and Euro- . Scholarly congress. 14th International line: November 1, 2004. pean social thought in the 1930s. For the thirtieth Economic History Congress, August 21-25, 2006, anniversary of the publication of Hughes’ work, Helsinki. “Cooperatives and Nation Building in Estonia. Call for papers. “Border Changes in the Jewish Studies Program and the Carolina East Central Europe (19th and 20th Centuries).” 20th-Century Europe.” International conference, Lowcountry and Atlantic World Program of the For information, see the International Economic February 2-4, 2005, University of Tartu, Estonia. College of Charleston will co-sponsor an interdis- History Association website: www.neha.nl/ieha. In 20th-century Europe, empires broke down, new ciplinary conference on exile culture in the 1930s states were formed, others were occupied and two and 1940s. The program will feature experts in Poland. Call for papers. “The Communist Secu- world wars devastated large areas. Border changes music, art, history, science, etc. Contact: Richard rity Apparatus in East Central Europe, 1944-45 to created minorities and international problems, and Bodek, Dept. of History, College of Charleston, 1989,” Warsaw, June 16-18, 2005. This confer- sometimes these were accompanied by violence Charleston, SC 29424. Phone: 843-881-4819; e- ence’s theme is the communist security apparatus and ethnic cleansing. The organizers invite pro- mail: [email protected]; website, www.cofc.edu/ in the countries occupied by the USSR (Estonia, posals for papers on all aspects of border change atlanticword/jewishmigrationconf.htm. Lithuania, and Latvia) and the Soviet bloc states in 20th-century Europe. The comparison between in Europe (Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, the Ger- different regions and long-term studies are Wales. International conference. “Crossing Bor- man Democratic Republic, Hungary, Poland, and encouraged. The conference is organized by the ders: Histories, Theories, and Identities,” Decem- Romania). It has three main aims: to summarize Centre for the Study of Soviet History, the Uni- ber 2-4, 2004, Glamorgan Business Centre, Uni- the current state of research on the history of the versity of Tartu. The organizers provide board and versity of Glamorgan, Pontypridd, Wales, UK. An communist security apparatus and to indicate the accommodation and there is additional funding to interdisciplinary conference hosted by the Cen- basic areas for future academic projects; to facili- cover part of the travel costs. Selected papers will tre for Border Studies, University of Glamorgan, tate cooperation between institutions and individ- be published later in a conference volume. Please Pontypridd, Wales, and the Centre for Compara- uals involved in the documentation of the commu- send your proposal for a paper (250-300 words) tive European History, Free University of Berlin, nist security apparatus; and to raise public aware- and a short CV by e-mail to Dr. Olaf Mertels- and Humboldt University of Berlin. Borders often ness in Europe about the activities of the security mann at [email protected]. Deadline: appear as fixed, quasi-permanent structures, phys- apparatus. The official languages of the confer- November 15, 2004. ical embodiments of national evolution and inter- ence will be English, German, and Polish, with national relations. Viewed in this sense, each has simultaneous translation provided. Please use the JOURNAL CFP a distinct history. Recent economic and cultural registration form available at the conference web developments, however, are challenging these site. Consult the above website for detailed infor- Call for contributions. Sprawy Narodowościowe previously secure markers. This conference will mation on the conference’s themes and accom- (Nationalities affairs) is a premiere European bian- create a dialogue between historians and special- panying events (exhibitions, film presentations, nual periodical devoted to the study of nationalism ists in the new discipline of border studies. It aims panel discussions, book launch, etc.). Institute of and ethnicity published by the Polish Academy of to discuss and compare theoretical and method- National Remembrance, Public Education Office, Sciences. After the breakups of the Soviet Union ological approaches to border studies as well as ul. Towarowa 28, 00-839 Warszawa, Poland. Tel: and Yugoslavia at the close of the 20th century, specific case studies of the changing nature of bor- 48-22-5818900 or –5818901, fax 48-22-5818926, nationalism became the only truly global ideology. ders. Contact Professor Chris Williams, Centre for website: www.ipn.gov.pl/ conference2005. Paper In the 21st century the basic political unit is the Border Studies, University of Glamorgan, e-mail: proposals: Attn. Anna Piekarska, e-mail: anna.pie nation-state and its social counterpart is the nation. [email protected]. [email protected]. Deadline for both registration Thus, the necessity arises to spur up comparative and paper proposals: October 31, 2004. research on specific nationalisms as embodied in Estonia. International conference. “Central and various nation-states (Hungary, Romania, Nigeria, Eastern European Media under Dictatorial Rule England. Call for papers. “Nation and Empire,” the USA, etc.) and pursued by stateless nations/ in the 1940s and 1950s,” April 22-25, 2005, Tartu 15th Annual Conference of the Association for national movements (e.g., the Catalans, the Kurds, University, Estonia. The conference aims to fos- the Study of Ethnicity and Nationalism (ASEN), the Tamils). Since 2000, Sprawy Narodowo ciowe 26 27 AUSTRIAN STUDIES NEWSLETTER FALL 2004 has strongly contributed to the comparative study of these nationalisms by publishing analytical Spotlight essays devoted to them. Now we plan to publish a separate, extensive volume of Essays on Specific The Central and Eastern European Association in Sofia. CEEOL has 1997-2002. Nationalisms in 2005. We are looking for essays Online Library (CEEOL) is the sole online Founded with support from the Open Society that focus on the rise and development of specific database providing electronic access to articles Foundation-Sofia. Focus: 1) an interdisciplinary nationalisms through the overview and analysis of and eBooks on Central and Eastern European approach that combines various methods of significant texts, symbols, and events that have topics at www.ceeol.com. In the last six months research in order to study history in its inher- been employed in the building of a specific nation CEEOL has added 22 new titles. CEEOL offers ent diversity; 2) the analysis of historic events and/or national movement. We also welcome ana- both institutional subscription and pay-per-view and their co-relation in space and time, rather lytical articles on the overall dynamics of nation for individual access. The more than 100 jour- than a narrative-driven presentation of histori- and nation-state building in broadly defined nals they cooperate with include these titles in cal facts; 3) new interpretation of well-known regions of the world. Articles must be submitted the field of East Central European history: facts based on innovative methods of research; in English. Word limit is 10,000. References can Studime Historike (Historical studies): A quar- 4) topics that have hitherto remained outside be given in footnotes or in parentheses (with, terly published since 1964 by the “SHKENCA” the scope of interest of professional historians. in the latter case, the list of literature attached Publishing House of the Academy of Science Casopis za suvremenu povijest (Journal for at the end of the contribution). Titles of quoted of Albania in Tirana. CEEOL has 2002-2003. contemporary history): Published three times books and articles should be Romanized if not Documents, reports, reviews, and archival stud- a year by the Croatian Institute for History in in the Latin script, and appended, in brackets, ies related to the Albanian history, written by Zagreb. CEEOL has 2002-2004. with English translations unless these titles are Albanian and foreign scholars. Transodra: Quarterly published by the in English, German, or French. With your contri- Studia Albanica: Published semiannually since German-Polish Association Brandenburg in bution, include an abstract (up to 200 words); key 1964 by SHKENCA. CEEOL has 2003. Articles Potsdam. CEEOL has 2000-2001. words (up to 7); author’s bio (3-6 lines); author’s about history, linguistics, history of literature Karta: Quarterly published by the KARTA institutional affiliation; and e-mail or postal and art, ethnography, and more; documents and Center in Warszawa. Published underground address to be included in the volume. Send to: material, reviews, and bibliography. Language: 1982-89 and officialy since 1991 (39 issues by Sprawy Narodowościowe, Unit for the Study of mainly French but English, German, Italian, and the end of December 2003). CEEOL has 2002- Nationalities, Polish Academy of Sciences, Stary Russian as well. 2003. Focuses on Poland and Eastern Europe in Rynek 78/79, 61-771 Poznan, Poland. Tel/Fax: 48- Prilozi (Contributions): Annual published by 20th century. Through compiled source mate- 61-8520950. Contact: Prof. Wojciech J. Burszta, the Institute for History in Sarajevo. CEEOL rials—diaries, memoirs, reports, letters and Editor-in-Chief, Sprawy Nardowościowe, e-mail: has 2002-2003. other documents—human experiences come [email protected], or Dr. Tomasz Etudes balkaniques: Quarterly published by to life and history is uncovered so that it can Kamusella, e-mail: [email protected]. the Institute of Balkan Studies in Sofia. CEEOL not only be learnt but also “felt” and seen. Each Deadline: October 30, 2004. has 2000-2003. Etudes balkaniques is an inter- issue has 160 pages and usually more than 100 disciplinary periodical. Focus: social, economic, archival photographs. political, demographic, cultural, liguistic, and reli- Studii si Materiale de Istorie Medie (Studies and NEW ON THE NET gious history of the Balkan peoples and states. materials of media history): Annual journal pub- The Austrian-Canadian Council and the Aus- It publishes materials on single Balkan states, lished by the Braila Museum - Istros Publishing trian Embassy in Ottawa have been publishing Oe bilateral relations between Balkan states, the House in Braila, Romania. CEEOL has 2002- Culture magazine for several years, with Manfred Balkans as a region, and the relations between 2003. Prokop serving as editor. Oe Culture is now on the Balkan states and other regions, e.g., Western Judaica Bohemiae: Annual journal published by Net as well, in PDF format, at www.oeculture.ca/. Europe and the Middle East. Languages: French, the Jewish Museum in Prague in Prague. CEEOL Check out this lively publication! English, German, Russian, Italian. has 1999-2002. Balkanistichen Forum: Quarterly published by For further information, contact Cosmina Online resources for Czech history. One of the the South-Western University “Neophit Rilski” Berta, Central and Eastern European Online struggles faced by those working on the history in Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria. CEEOL has 2001- Library, Offenbacher Landstraße 368, D-60599 of the Bohemian Lands is the need to remem- 2002. Frankfurt, Germany. Tel: 49-069-686-025-14; fax: ber the Czech or German name for a particular Istorichesko bdeshe (Historical future): Semi- 49-069-650-096-82; e-mail: [email protected]; town or district. Two online resources provide annual journal published since 1997 by the Clio website: www.ceeol.com. simple solutions for those who cannot remember exactly where a small town is located or what it tro-Hungarian, and Austrian Imperial literary and items, as well as standard reference materials. The was called in German: The Global Gazeteer (v. cultural history (including media) from approxi- Wolfsonian collections are an important source for 2): www.calle.com/world/EZ/index.html, and a mately 1770 onwards. Contact: Katherine Arens, the study of architecture and design in late Habs- clickable map provided by the Thomas Glassware Dept. of Germanic Studies, 1 University Station burg and interwar Austria. The collection includes corporation: www.thomasgraz.net/map-CZ.htm. C3300, University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX textiles, design drawings, publications, and deco- 78712-0304. Tel: 512-232-6363; fax: 512-471- rative arts, from the Wiener Werkstätte. The Wolf- The Modern Austrian Literature and Culture 4025; e-mail: [email protected]. sonian also has a strong collection of Austrian Association (MALCA) and its journal, Modern graphic art, including both advertising posters and Austrian Literature, would like to announce its FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES political propaganda. Fellowships are intended to new URL and website: www.malca.org. Of partic- support full-time research, generally for a period ular interest for HABSBURG participants may be Wolfsonian-FIU Fellowship Program for resi- of three to five weeks. Ph.D. candidates and hold- its “Austria Portal,” www.malca.org/links.html, dency during the 2005-2007 academic years. The ers of master’s or doctoral degrees are eligible to which brings together many useful access points Wolfsonian-Florida International University is a apply. Applicants are encouraged to discuss their to Austrian and Central European sources. Any museum and research center that promotes the project with the Fellowship Coordinator prior to suggestions for additional links would be appre- examination of modern material culture. The focus submission to ensure the relevance of their pro- ciated. Also on the website you will find informa- of the Wolfsonian collection is on North American posals to the collection. Contact: Fellowship tion (including recent tables of contents) about and European decorative arts, propaganda, and Coordinator, The Wolfsonian-FIU, 1001 Washing- Modern Austrian Literature, the association’s industrial and graphic design of the period 1885- ton Ave., Miami Beach, FL 33139. Tel: 305-535- longstanding peer-reviewed journal, which 1945. The Wolfsonian library has approximately 2613; fax: 305-531-2133; e-mail: research@thew would welcome submissions on Austrian, Aus- 50,000 rare books, periodicals, and ephemeral olf.fiu.edu. Deadline: December 31, 2004. 26 27 CENTER FOR AUSTRIAN STUDIES Non-Profit Organization 314 SOCIAL SCIENCES BUILDING U.S. Postage Paid 267 19TH AVE S. Minneapolis, Minnesota

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Working papers 92-1 through 94-4 are still available. See previous issues of the the of issues previous See available. still are 94-4 through 92-1 papers Working the CAS website, or contact the Center for authors and titles. The price price The titles. and authors for Center the contact or website, CAS the ASN,

00-2. Alan Levy, Levy, Alan 00-2. An American Jew in Vienna in Jew American An

Nationalist Paradigm Nationalist (available online only) online (available Bruckner?

The ÖVP-FPÖ Government, Jörg Haider, and Europe and Haider, Jörg Government, ÖVP-FPÖ The

Central Europe and the the and Europe Central Arens, Katherine 96-1. the Real Link between Franz Schubert and Anton Anton and Schubert Franz between Link Real the

On the Inside Looking Out: Out: Looking Inside the On Johnson, Lonnie 00-1.

04-1. Janet Wasserman, Wasserman, Janet 04-1. Karoline Eberstaller: Is She She Is Eberstaller: Karoline

Italians and Austrians and Italians

Narratives of Austrian Jews Austrian of Narratives

Jahrhundert Jahrhundert of Perceptions Reciprocal Enemies: Past between (forthcoming)

The “Lesser Traumatized”: Exile Exile Traumatized”: “Lesser The Wimmer, Adi 99-2.

Sudetendeutsche als Konfliktgemeinschaft im 20. 20. im Konfliktgemeinschaft als Sudetendeutsche Affinities Awakening Berghold, Josef 95-6.

World War II: Military History and National Identity National and History Military II: War World 03-3. Arnold Suppan, Suppan, Arnold 03-3. Österreicher, Tschechen und und Tschechen Österreicher,

The Renewal of Catholicism in Western Ukraine Western in Catholicism of Renewal The

“Germans” and “Austrians” in in “Austrians” and “Germans” Thaler, Peter 99-1.

of Bukovina, 1880-1914 1880-1914 Bukovina, of Catholic: a as Again Pray To Hryniuk, Stella 95-5. (available online only) online (available

Dwelling: Josef Frank and Haus & Garten Garten & Haus and Frank Josef Dwelling: 03-2. Fred Stambrook, Stambrook, Fred 03-2. The Golden Age of the Jews Jews the of Age Golden The

Habsburg Monarchy Habsburg

The Other Modern Modern Other The Long, Christopher 98-2.

Rauhes Leben Rauhes Petzold’s Nineteenth-Century the in Physicists and Chemists

Multiple Messages of Filmed Nuptials Filmed of Messages Multiple 03-1. Beth Bjorklund, Beth 03-1. of Community Scientific The Kernbauer, Alois 95-4. Working-Class Literature: Literature: Working-Class

Balkan Wedding Revisited: Revisited: Wedding Balkan Iordanova, Dina 98-1.

Austrian Economic Policy in the 1930s the in Policy Economic Austrian II War World after Universities

Early Postwar Austria, 1941-1947 Austria, Postwar Early of Economics and the Gold Standard Mentality in in Mentality Standard Gold the and Economics of Austrian of Restoration The Fleck, Christian 95-3.

American Intelligence Efforts Regarding Nazi and and Nazi Regarding Efforts Intelligence American 02-2. Hansjörg Klausinger, Klausinger, Hansjörg 02-2. The Austrian School School Austrian The

Nineteenth Centuries Nineteenth

Target Central Europe: Europe: Central Target Beer, Siegfried 97-1.

Pánek the and Eighteenth Late the in Countries Speaking

Central Europe: An Historical Perspective Historical An Europe: Central Determined by History”: An Interview with Jaroslav Jaroslav with Interview An History”: by Determined German- in Sexuality on Discourses Medical

Ten Untaught Lessons about about Lessons Untaught Ten Ingrao, Charles 96-3. 02-1. Stanley and Zdenka Winters, Winters, Zdenka and Stanley 02-1. Subjects: Sexualized Eder, X. Franz 95-2. “My Life Was Was Life “My

Nineteenth-Century Habsburg Monarchy Habsburg Nineteenth-Century Vienna in the 19th Century Century 19th the in Vienna Kulturindustrie heimischen der Angebot

Forensic Medicine in the the in Medicine Forensic Burg, N. Thomas 96-2. 01-1. Erika Weinzierl, Weinzierl, Erika 01-1. im Österreichische Das Larkey, Edward 95-1. The Jewish Middle Class in in Class Middle Jewish The

have a paper considered for inclusion in the series, please contact Gary Cohen, director, Center for Austrian Studies. Austrian for Center director, Cohen, Gary contact please series, the in inclusion for considered paper a have

who have given lectures or attended conferences at the Center. Beginning with Working Paper 04-1, papers will be published online online published be will papers 04-1, Paper Working with Beginning Center. the at conferences attended or lectures given have who . If you would like to to like would you If . only

vides a vehicle for circulating work in progress. It is open to all papers prior to final publication but gives priority to papers by affiliates of the Center and scholars scholars and Center the of affiliates by papers to priority gives but publication final to prior papers all to open is It progress. in work circulating for vehicle a vides

Central Europe. It encourages comparative studies involving Austria or the Habsburg lands and other European states, stimulates discussion in the field, and pro and field, the in discussion stimulates states, European other and lands Habsburg the or Austria involving studies comparative encourages It Europe. Central -

The Working Papers in Austrian Studies series serves scholars who study the history, politics, society, economy, and culture of modern Austria and Habsburg Habsburg and Austria modern of culture and economy, society, politics, history, the study who scholars serves series Studies Austrian in Papers Working The Working Papers in Austrian Studies Austrian in Papers Working