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Home , Amar Jawan Jyoti, Barakhamba, Central Delhi, Deer Park (Delhi), Dilli Haat, Feroz Shah Kotla

CITY LEVEL PROJECTS

THE ENABLING OF SAFE PUBLIC SPACES IN (An ISO 9001 : 2008 Certified Organisation)

Delhi Urban Art Commission

The Delhi Urban Art Commission was set up by an Act of in 1973 to “advise the Government of in the matter of preserving, developing and maintaining the aesthetic quality of urban and environmental design within Delhi and to provide advice and guidance to any local body in respect of any project of building operations or engineering operations or any development proposal which affects or is likely to affect the skyline or the aesthetic quality of the surroundings or any public amenity provided therein”. DELHI URBAN ART COMMISSION with gratitude duly acknowledges the valuable contributions of the following in making this report. Organisations / Others

Ministry of Urban Development Delhi Development Authority Government of National Territory of Delhi

(An ISO 9001 : 2008 Certified Organisation) Municipal Corporation Municipal Corporation Municipal Corporation Municipal Council Geospatial Delhi Limited Rail Corporation Delhi Urban Art Commission Delhi Urban Shelter Improvement Board BSES Rajdhani Power Limited Prof. Dr. P.S.N. Rao Chairman BSES Power Limited RWA’s and Area Councillors Sonali Bhagwati Member (Upto 5 October 2017) Google Earth Samir Mathur Member Sonali Rastogi Member Acknowledgement Durga Shanker Mishra Member & Addl. Secretary, Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (Upto 10 August, 2017) We would like to thank all the following government and non-government organizations for there Manoj Kumar Member & Addl. Secretary, Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs valuable contribution. (From 11 August, 2017) • NIUA - (National Institute of Urban Affairs) - An institute for research, capacity building and dis- Vinod Kumar Secretary semination of knowledge for the urban sector in India. • UN-Women (United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women) - An UN organization dedicated to gender equality and the empowerment of women. Duac Officers • Jagori - focuses on building a just society through feminist values and women centric issues. • Safeti pin - A social enterprise providing a number of technology solutions to make cities safer Rajeev Kumar Gaur, Raghvendra Singh, Indu Rawat , Amit Mukherji, Uma Bhati, Manju Anjali, Sid- for women and others dharth Sagar, Nihal Chand • INTACH (Indian National Trust of Art and Cultural Heritage) - Spearheads heritage awareness and conservation in India. Senior Consultant We would like to specially thank Director General of Police (Retd.) Ms. Kanwaljit Rajen Baraya Deol for spending her time in several discussions with us, and providing valuable insights from her almost 40 years of experience, mostly in Delhi, as a highly distinguished Police Officer. Consultants Aditi Arya, Jashwanth Tej Kasala, Kirti Kawale, Nancy Yadav, Nishita Baderia, Revathi Pradeep, Shilpi Madnawat Anil Kumar (3D Visualiser), Nikhil Pandey (3D Visualiser) Preface

(An ISO 9001 : 2008 Certified Organisation)

*DISCLAIMER*

This report is for academic purposes only and has been prepared on the basis of infor- mation gathered from various sources, in cases without any independent verification. The report can be adopted and utilized by any Government Authority/Local Body in the Country and is provided free of cost. The report is not meant to derive any kind of gain, The city of Delhi, capital of this vast land of diversities, is a city monetary or otherwise. laden with layers of history, a place where civilizations have lived, prospered Though all efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy of the information in this and perished over centuries. The modern city today, built over and around a report, the same should not be construed as a statement of law or used for any legal rich tapestry of heritage, presents an opportunity at every turn, to allow for purposes. Delhi Urban Art Commission (DUAC) accepts no responsibility in relation to co-existence of the past, present and the future. In order to understand this the accuracy, completeness, usefulness or otherwise, of the information contained in the multidimensional urban spectrum and attempt to plan the future, various city publication. Stakeholders are advised to verify/check any information with the relevant level studies have been initiated by the DUAC. I hope that these studies will Government Department(s) and/or other source(s), and to obtain any appropriate help the planners of modern day Delhi to carefully articulate urban space, advice before acting on the information provided in the report. structure, form and environment and sensitively address future requirements. While adequate measures have been taken to acknowledge the source of the informa- tion used in the report, the nature of the process and the diverse sources from which I convey my thanks to all the Consultants and Members of the Commission information is collected makes it difficult for the Commission to ascertain whether each who have tirelessly worked on this research project to bring out this docu- piece of information/data impinges upon any third party intellectual property rights. ment. I also take this opportunity to place on record my sincere appreciation DUAC shall consequently not be responsible for any inadvertent and / or bonafide of the efforts of Secretary and other staff of DUAC for providing the neces- omission of acknowledgement of source of information. sary administrative support to make this happen. In no event will the DUAC be liable for any expense, loss or damage including, without limitation, indirect or consequential loss or damage, or any expense, loss or damage I fondly hope that the authorities of the local, state and national government whatsoever arising out of any person/ stakeholder using or implementing or relying on take these studies seriously and implement, in right earnest, the suggestions any information in this report. given herein. January, 2018 Sd/- Prof.Dr.P.S.N.Rao Chairman, DUAC

3.3.4 Subways 42 3.3.2To and From Metro Stations /Bus Stops

2.2.4 2.2.3 Present Public 2.2.1 Day 2.2 Spaces Public 2.1.3 Context Public in Spaces Key Spaces 2.1 Colonial in Drivers in Overview India Medieval for India 24 India Action 21 3.2.5 3.2.4 LGBT 3.2.3 Men 3.2.2 37 Community 37 The 3.2.1 Children Elderly Women 36 35 3.1.2 34 3.1.1 Mobility, Crime 3 31 Movement 32 2 1 Contents

3.4 Examples ofSafe Public Spaces Safe Public Spaces Public Spaces 1.3 Cities 1.2 Civilizations 1.1 Public Spaces inSettlements, Civilizations and Cities Settlements 3.3 Typology ofPublic Spaces 3.2 Who is affected and how? 3.1 Safety Concerns -What dowe need Safety from? 1. 100Safe Houses, Mongolpuri, Outer Delhi-Initiatives 3.4.1 Streets 3.3.7 Parks, Water Bodies,Places ofNatural and Scenic Attraction 3.3.6 Places of Cultural, Historical and Tourist Interest 3.3.5 Squares, Chowks, Places ofPublic Congregation 3.3.3 Public Parking Lots 2.2.2 Public Spaces inTraditional Indian Cities 2.1.2 Planning Mechanism ofPublic Spaces 2.1.1 Maintenance and Management ofPublic Spaces 3.3.1 Streets 3.1.3 Health Hazards: Stray/Wild Animals; Uncontrolled Foliage 12

16 16

21 25 20

47 38

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47 41 34 45 45 44 40 12 14 12 22 19 19 31 33 28

B. 2. Water Siri A. Bodies Fort Parks 2. Park. Feroz 1. South Shah India Delhi New Kotla, Gate, New Delhi New New Delhi Delhi 3. Delhi 58 63 Cuyperpassage, 1. 3.4.4 Amsterdam Chiswick, Wisconsin, Subways 55 USA 54 54 3.4.2To and From Metro Stations /Bus Stops 3. Delhi ITI and Road, Sector Aundh, -18 Pune 48 in 4 Ambedkar University 78 Marg,

Areas Identified inDelhithat need Intervention 3.5 What makes for aSafe Public Space? 3.4.7 Parks, Water Bodies,Places ofScenic Attraction 3.4.6 Places ofCultural, Historical and Tourist Interest 3.4.5 Squares, Chowks, Places ofPublic Congregation 3.4.3 Public Parking Lots 4.1.2 To and From Metro Stations /Bus Stops 4.1.1 Streets 1. Naini Lake, , New Delhi 1. Butterfly Park, , South Delhi 1. Lal Gumbad, , New Delhi 6. Subway near American Centre, Kasturba Gandhi Marg, 5. Subway atConnaught Place (Near Rivoli Cinema), 4. Doncaster Underpass, South Yorkshire, England 2. Craiglinn Underpass, Cumbernauld, Scotland 2. From parking Lot to Hot Spot inMilwaukee, 1. Parklets as New DesignPhenomenon 2. Market Streets atGreen Park and Malviya Nagar in for aSafe Capital 1. CASE STUDY 1-Dwarka Metro Stations 2. CASE STUDY 2-Kashmere Gate Metro Stationto 1. CASE STUDY 1- Road and Kasturba 57 56 53 THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI

77 65 48 50 68 66 64 64 62 62 58 55 54 52 49 47 76 80 80 76

VII PUBLIC SPACES IN Settlements, civilizations and cities W VIII PUBLIC SPACES IN Settlements, civilizations and cities CITY LEVEL Pro Trilokpuri,East East Delhi 98 of Kailash, New Pragati Delhi Vihar, 95 New 4.1.4 Lot, Delhi Subways 91 New Lot, 88 Delhi New Vasant Delhi Vihar, Mall, New Saket, Delhi New 83 Delhi 1.3.2 1.3.1 Views 1.3 116 Aerial 1.2Proposal -Movement Structure Proposal 1.1.8 1.1.7 - Safety 1.1.6 Development 1.1.5 Functional Analysis Pedestrian 1.1.4 around Movement 1.1.3 Structure Movement Movement 1.1.2 Site Issues Historical around Site 100 1.1 Background Site 102 5 Mapping and Analysis

Safe Public Spaces Design Interventions/Guidelines for Enabling 1. Streets -Kashmere Gate Metro Stationto Ambedkar University ject 4.1.7 Parks, Water Bodies/Places ofScenic Attraction 4.1.6 Places ofCultural, Historical and Tourist Interest 4.1.5 Squares, Chowks, Places ofPublic Congregation 4.1.3 Public Parking Lots 2. Water Bodies-CASE STUDY -Sanjay Jheel, 1. Parks -CASE STUDY -Astha Kunj Park, 1. CASE STUDY 1- Complex, New Delhi 3. CASE STUDY 3-Subway atCGO Complex, 2. CASE STUDY 2-Subway atPreet Vihar, East Delhi 1. CASE STUDY 1-Subway atLaxmi Nagar, East Delhi 5. CASE STUDY 5-SiriFort Institutional Area Parking 4. CASE STUDY 4-Patel Chowk Metro StationParking 3. CASE STUDY 3-PVRAnupam, Saket, New Delhi 2. CASE STUDY 2-Basant Lok Parking Lot, 1. CASE STUDY 1-Parking Lot behind Select Citywalk 1.1.1 Context and Location 87 86 114 103 82 1o4 110 101 105

106 82

94 93 92 92 90 88 84 100 100 108 100 100 3.1 Mapping and Analysis 2.1 Mapping and Analysis 3.1.4 3.1.3 Pedestrian 3.1.2 Development Movement Site 142 around 2.5 Site 2.4 Proposal 2.3.2 Proposal 2.3.1 -III 140 2.3 Views -II 2.2.7 Aerial Proposal 2.2.6 138 Miscellaneous View 2.2.5 -I 2.2.4 Pavement131 2.2.3 Lighting Surveillance and 2.2.2 127 128 Unhindered 2.2.1 Street Activity 2.2 Sightlines Controlled 2.1.4 125 Design 126 Proposal 2.1.3 130 Entry/Exit 2.1.2 Safety -I Development Points Site Analysis 120 124 Safety around 122 Attributes Site 124 3.3.3 3.3.2 3.3.1 Subway 3.3 Views 154 3.2.4 Sections - Proposal 3.2.3 Lighting Interiors 3.2.2 156 - Surveillance and 147 147 Activity Laxmi Street 3.2 146 3.1.6 Nagar Design Proposal 3.1.5 146 Safety Subway - Existing 148 Analysis Safety Hawkers 144 Attributes 146 Zone 7 6

3. Subway - Subway 2. Public Parking Lots -SiriFort Institutional Area Parking Lot Appendix Conclusion

157 3.1.1 Context and Location 2.1.1 Context and Location 3.2.1 Accessibility, Unhindered Sightlines, Pavement 132 136 150 134

143 121 143 143

142 120 142 120 142 120 158 Summary

The design community entrusted with the responsibility of the development and growth of a city – town planners, urban designers, environmentalists, architects – focuses to a large extent on physical attributes and numbers: zoning, roads, parks and public spaces, FAR and density.

No doubt these are critical factors in planning, but they do not take into account the fact that the priorities of the lay citizen may be very different. The average end user is more concerned with how livable the city is; how well it accommodates their needs; how inclusive it is for them and their family, and crucially: just how safe is the city?

A safe space is not to be confused with security of spaces. Security is the domain of agencies like the police, security and anti-terrorist squads, fire and emergency etc. There can be no safety without security - security is one subset of safety, albeit a very critical one. The relationship between safety and security is such that a weakness in security creates increased risk, which in turn creates a decrease in safety. A safe space is where one is at ease, comfortable and unguarded in the surroundings, confident of doing as they wish without fear of being harassed, and where, all things being equal, nothing untoward should happen to you.

This study shall be in three stages. We first need to understand what makes for a safe space – universally, nationally and locally. This would be a multi-disciplinary exercise and would include the participation of the police/law and order agencies; sociologists, criminologists, behav- ioural experts, cultural historians; the local authorities; current and emerging trends in technology; and, most importantly, the communities and persons directly affected.

After identifying vulnerable spaces of different typologies, the second stage would be the actualization of the above research, with a view to creating a tangible output taking into ac- count stakeholder perspectives. The third and final stage would be the modification of the second stage, if any, based on community feedback, change in circumstances, and timelines. Public spaces are like living organisms, they are not static and cannot be frozen in time, rather, they are dynamic and ever evolving. The study concludes with design interventions/ guidelines for enabling safe public spaces in Delhi. It is hoped that more city spaces, hitherto neglected or overlooked, but having potential, would be liberated and made available to the city by enabling a safe environment in and around them.

Far more importantly, it is expected that this Study be but the beginning of a far more detailed and comprehensive Study on safety in public spaces in cities in India. No such guide- lines or handbook exists at the moment. It is imperative that we all deliberate to bring our cities to truly world-class level, not by making them smart or by improving transport systems etc, but by addressing the concerns of the common man, one of them being safe public spaces.

10 CITY LEVEL Project THE ENABLING OF SAFE PUBLIC SPACES IN DELHI 11 12 PUBLIC SPACES IN Settlements, civilizations and cities Source: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harappa) at aplaceofassembly where; openspace.grouped aroundacentral ofpublic spacesinahabitationoccurred form first The very 1. Public Spaces inSettlements, Civilizations and Cities evident in some of the most remarkable civilizationsinthehistory.evident insomeofthemostremarkable functions. Historically, public spaceshave domains, beenthenucleus ofthepolitical-cultural asis passed intothecitiesthatgrewoutofthesesettlements, andmorecomplex forms assumingvaried for public notonly remainedintactbut gainedimportance. With time, thisideaofcommunity space velop settlementsintocivilizations. Inthisprocessofdevelopment, theconceptofcommonspace CITY LEVEL Pro • • • • Well andBathingPlatform, Harappa 1.2 Civilizations: 1.1 Settlements: Source: (http://www.tslr.net/2007/09/mohenjo-daro-ancient-city-of-indus.html) Great bathinMohenjodaro a shrine orthevillagewell,a shrine thisspace. marked there wasasacredtree, stone,andreligioussignificance. inaplaceofworship shrine festivals.resolve disputesandcelebrate people gatheredtodiscusstheircommonaffairs, The earliest form ofhumansettlementwasthevillage, form whereaclusterofhutswas The earliest A morecomplexhumansocietyorcivilizationcameaboutaspeoplebegantode ject 1.2.1 Indus Valley Civilization: exchanged ideasorgoods. places wherepeoplegathered, and interacted place, well. central withalarge These were the religious functions.- market Italsohadacentral which isthoughttohave beenusedfor special public bath,elaborate calledthe ‘Great Bath’, as socialfunction. ofthis, possibly areligiousaswell a part serving were also The greathallorbathstructures eg. buildings, administration etc. granaries tothefunctioningof civilization ings crucial Public by spaceswere build oftensurrendered - • • • Civilization were: public spacesfound inIndus The earliest Valley squares andcourtyards, markets, Harappa. wellfound in andbathingplatforms a large Mohenjodaro city had a large and Mohenjodaro cityhadalarge - • • • In Romancivilization, wasthemainfocus ofactivityinthecity. theForum Forum, ancientRomanpublic area • • • • took placeinthe Agora, Source: (https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/1a/84/aa/1a84aa78b0d2e34a62ad38731424cb84.jpg) 1.2.3 Roman Civilization: 1.2.2 Greek Civilization: monuments to commemorate thecity’smonuments tocommemorate greatmenwere placedattheplaza’s edges. number of while alarge The spaceinthemiddle of thesquarewaskept freefromobstructions citizens.temple andhomesofthefirst andbuildings ofpublic by significancesuchaslaw market-places It wassurrounded court, legal, andsocialactivitiesoccurred. asapublic areainwhichcommercial,The opensquareserved religious, economic, political, surrounded by publicsurrounded buildings andtemples. of thecityornearharbour, whichwas waslocatedeitherinthemiddle The agora areafor contests,atral gamesandspectacles. andasthe- It functionedasthemarketplace and politicallife ofthecity. It wasthecenterofathletic, spiritual artistic, sions andreligiousassemblies. meetings, campaigns, military politicaldiscus- meant for civicannouncements, public wasanopenplaceofassemblyAgora In Greekcivilization, theactivities THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI Source: (https://www.planetizen.com/ Agora: place, acitysquareormarket in Athens, Greece

13 PUBLIC SPACES IN Settlements, civilizations and cities 14 PUBLIC SPACES IN Settlements, civilizations and cities trafalgar-square) Source:(https://www.london.gov.uk/about-us/our-building-and-squares/ Trafalgar Square, London oftheancientcity.gious heart and daily markets. andthepolitical, Piazzaswere meetingplacesandmarkets commercial, andreli- for community gatherings, anddrama, religiousrituals plays, comediesandmoral public execution medievaltown used oftraditional square wasanopenpublic spacecommonly found inthe heart • • • • • tion hasmoreorlessremainedthesame. Someexamplesare: functions ofcities. These public spaceshave beennameddifferently ineachcountry, but theirfunc- plazas anddesignedpublic spacescontinued todefinethecultural, social, economicandpolitical andevolution However,choice, ofroadandurbaninfrastructure. structures landownership streets, dimensions. Mosttowns didnotfollow plansbut intuitively predetermined respondedtoecological CITY LEVEL Pro 1.3 Cities: metro stations andbus stops arefound onpiazzas asthesearekey pointinacity. cities have fromthecenter. piazzas withstreetsradiating several Shops, othersmall businesses, Piazza inItaly: Apiazzaiscommonly found atthemeetingoftwo ormorestreets. MostItalian Square in Tehran squares. areexamplesofclassicandmodern , mosquesandotherpublic buildings. large Naqsh-eJahanSquareinIsfahanand Azadi Maydan Persian , inIran: Intraditional town squaresareoftenlocatedadjacentto Square. is Tienanmen buildings, museums andotherpublic buildings. suchsquareinChina The best-known andlargest People’s Square inMainlandChina: town squaresarethe siteofgovernment Thesecentral in Berlin, Heldenplatz in Vienna, andtheKönigsplatzinMunich. towns andcities. ProminentPlatzincludethe Alexanderplatz, PlatzandPotsdamer Pariser Platz Platz inGermany: squareshaveThese central beenthefocal pointofpublic life inGerman adjacent toamosqueorpalace. entertainments.Itistypically located non-court andgeneral lic spectacles,celebrations court Alun-alun inIndonesia: opensquarecommoninvillages, Alarge towns andcities, usedfor pub- Town squaresandpiazzaswere commoninthecitiesofMedievalEurope. Town Cities ascentresofcivilizationwere always complexanddynamic, cultural oflarge ject Source: (http://www.thousandwonders.net/Piazza+San+Marco) Piazza SanMarco, Venice • • the NewingtonGreen. sense ofplace. ofthese, Londonhasseveral like orasquare,park andmanagetomaintaina around them. Sometimesthey becomeacity have beenencroacheduponby acitygrowing common orotherwiseatthecentreofavillage Essex, England. Somegreensthatusedtobea green isthatinthevillageofFinchingfield in America. North and suchasMay Dayebrations festivities inEurope local people, whichmay beusedfor public cel- provides for anopen-airmeetingplacefor the open areawithinavillageorothersettlement. It in urbanareas, thevillagegreenisacommon - to befound inthe quality ofitspublic spaces, itsparks and squares” “The measure ofany great civilization is itscitiesand ameasure ofa city’s greatness is John Ruskin the 18 gardensatthecentre,private sometimes known asgardensquares. Mostofthesewere built in a widermeaning. by houseswith openspacessurrounded isalsousedfor formal The term Square inUnitedKingdom:IntheUK, andespecially inLondonandEdinburgh, a “square” has oracathedral. like awarmemorial building orsomemajorlandmark the town usedfor community gatherings. These areusually locatedoppositetheadministration Central Square of inRussia: for anopenareaintheheart squareisacommonterm Central also bequitesmallandresemble courtyards, especially in theCityofLondon. th and19 A notable exampleofavillage fromthesepublic spaces Apart th centuries. Insomecasesthegardensarenow opentothepublic. Squarescan THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI ing_on_Village_Green_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1628839.jpg) Source: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_Day#/media/File:Maypole_Danc- May Day celebration, Welwyn, England Village greensinFinchingfield, Essex, England Source: (http://www.fotolibra.com/gallery/325788/finchingfield-essex/)

15 PUBLIC SPACES IN Settlements, civilizations and cities 16 PUBLIC SPACES CITY LEVEL Pro 2.1 Overview types ofopen spaces, openspacedoesnot automatically imply public access.” environment wherethepublicnatural hasfreeaccess. Although public accessiscommon for many building. etal. Carmona (2008, p. 5)findthat ofthe built and “public spacerelatestoallthose parts as “open, publicly accessible places” for community thatfacilitatethe popularactivitiesnecessary and asenseofcommunity. Itisopenandaccessible toall. etal. Carr (1992)defines public space • • • • • • • • Spatial Forms ofpublic spacesinclude: of experience ‘public’ ofacity. istheexperience asfor theinhabitants. for thevisitors This isastrue destinations, streetdeveloped alongalinkage, avibrant site. atemplesquareoreven aheritage The Public ofhumancivilization, spaceshave always been apart beitroadjoiningtwo important of thecity, asnodes, public spacesserve thegoodnessoflife. wherepeoplegatherandcelebrate • • • Add totheEconomic Value oftheplace • • Add tothesocialvalueofspace. What public spacescanachieve: that have inmany urbanareas. beendisappearing designed, communities together, theybring provide meetingplacesandfoster socialtiesofakind of thecity, ofhow andengageinthepublic citizens domain. interact areindicators When properly cities andenhanceurbanlife. Public spacesprovide fabric auniquewindow intothesocio-cultural poor, etc. spacesfor theurban edge spacebetween buildings orroadsideswhichareoftenimportant open spaceswithinpublic buildingsbuildings; orpublic spaceswithinprivate waterfront spacesandbeaches; precinct;historic andhighstreets; the streets, sidewalksandfootpaths; andplaygrounds;parks city plazasandtown squares; andenhancinglivelihood opportunities. interaction values, municipal revenue;increasing property generating for economic providing opportunities investment,attracts usesandactivities, thusenhancessafety; strategy. ofany successfulregeneration anessentialpart forms place for localcommunities. andprovide asenseof identityofanarea,itsuniquecharacter shape thecultural arepart tocommunitypromote socialcohesionandcontribute safety, bothrealandperceived. A public spaceisany areawithinthepublic realmthathelpspromotesocialinteraction An active and vibrant public space is an integral part ofacity. part publicAn active spaceisanintegral andvibrant Ifpeoplearethesoul Public spacesarevitalfor theexistence of awell-functioning city, asthesehumanize ject withpreciouslivelihood opportunities. poorer urbandwellers takingplaceinthepublic space. oftensharespacewithotherusers dors groupsandactivitiestosharecommon space. diverse mono-cultures andencourages Streetven- conceptwhereonemoves beyond of public spaceisanother important Sharing • • One indicationofqualitypublic spacesare flexible spacesthat • • • • • An idealpublic spaceshouldbe The qualityoflife for peopleincitiesisdirectly related tothestateofitspublicspaces. andvitalityofpublic spaces.importance • • group, oftheday. ofactivitiesfor majorpart for avariety A public number spaceisasocial spacethatisusedbyofpeoplebelongingtoadiverse alarge quality oflife. (UN-HabitatBackgroundNote). to sustaintheproductivityofcities, theirsocialcohesionandinclusion, theircivicidentity, andtheir cessible andenjoyable by allfor freeandwithoutaprofitmotive.” Urbanpublic spacesareneeded have over newuses, timetoencourage thecapacitytotransform thesiteatalltimes. energizing can accommodatedifferent activities, orspontaneous, whetherprogrammed and level ofaesthetics well-maintained andacertain provide shadeandshelterthroughsensitive urbanlandscape safe for allsectionsofsociety, e.g. women, children, theelderly, differently-abled; and vehiclesequally andnonmotorized eg: accessible andcyclists; topedestrians prams,wheelchairs peaceful andcomfortable; socio-economic level. Public spacesshouldbe social spacesthatareaccessible toall, regardlessofgender, ageor man contact, socialactivitiesandfacilitatecommunity involvement. public innature, spacesareinclusiveThe bestusedandvibrant anddemocratic promotehu- “A city without shared public spaces is acity without culture, without history” In particular, out, publicbusiness canbecarried spaceswhereinformal provide The mix of people that thereby results is one of the keys to understanding the The mixofpeoplethatthereby resultsisoneofthekeys tounderstanding UN-Habitat definespublic spacesas, “allplacespublicly owned orofpublic use, ac- THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI - Charles Correa

17 PUBLIC SPACES 18 PUBLIC SPACES well asnationalsignificance. palace inJaipurhave aglobalas Garden inKolkata,ria Rambagh way ofIndiainMumbai, Victo - a park, inDelhi, Gate- and which isbothamemorial such asIndiaGateinDelhi Public public space. a particular spaces responsible for governingThis willalsohelpinidentifyingtherelevantstakeholders andmaintaining • • • pending onthelevel ofitsimpact. A public spacecaneitherbeof: thedynamics ofapublic space, de- itshierarchy In ordertounderstand oneneedstounderstand CITY LEVEL Pro to use’. • • • • • Urban public spacescan bebroadly classified as local significance national global, political cultural symbolic performative - functionalist - • • • • Public asspaceswhichpeople spacescanbecategorized ‘have touse’, orwould ‘like ject HAVE TOUSE Parking Lotsetc. Parking Transit Stations, Subways, Streets, (Movement) - - - protests, rallies, demonstrations arts(theater,performing music, dance), attach meaningandsignificancetothecity. isheld, andliterature ofarts are thosewherecelebration andplayground parks Large Gateway ofIndia, Mumbai gateway-of-india.html) Source: (http://www.culturalindia.net/monuments/ , New Delhi Source: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Village_green) PUBLIC SPACES • • • interest places oflocal, andcultural historical beauty places ofscenicandnatural parks, rivers, lakes, waterbodies, squares, chowks, plazas (Congregation) LIKE TOUSE in--india-J6BMN1.jpg) people-relaxing-in-the-victoria-memorial-gardens- Source: (http://c7.alamy.com/comp/J6BMN1/ Victoria Garden,Victoria Kolkata Rajpath, NewDelhi 2.1.2 Planning Mechanism ofPublic Spaces: • spaces atdifferent scales. shouldensureplanning, • City-widepoliciesandstrategies space have asenseofbelongingtowards them. • Someofthesuccessfulpublic spacesarefound atplaceswherethecommunities thatusethe make places, morethanplacesmake people. or town itreliesalsoonpeopleadopting, planner; usingandmanagingthespace–people • involved.stakeholders Who thentakes theresponsibilityisquestionable. and order, restoration, conservation, etc. ischallengingduetomultiple government agenciesand 2.1.1 Maintenance and Management ofPublic Spaces: be allocated to streetsandpublic space. and public spaces. for publicThe proposedgoal/target spacebeingsuggestedis45%oflandshould • • • andclimatically appropriate. allocations thatareculturally In plannedurbanextensions: Moregenerousallocationscanbeachieved public by space ensuring of life. footpaths andaccessroutes, andproviding improving play drainage spacesisenhancingthe quality re-blocking approachinCape International ample SlumDwellers Town, South Africa, wherepaving withoutmajorrelocations, canimprove facilitiesandservices community-led for intervention ex- approachcanidentifyspaceswhere slum-upgrading In informal settlements: Aparticipatory increasedfloor spaceinreturn. sitearepermitted onaconstrained pocket parks incremental creationofnewpublic spaces. whocreatenew InHongKong wheredevelopers In formally developed: Planningstandardscanprotectpublic spacefromdevelopment andsupport Some examplesofmechnismsfor public spacescanbeseenwhichareasfollows; safety, security, improve managementandplanning, andincreaseaccess. and designofpublic spaces. Itisessentialtoprotectandenhanceexistingpublic space, toincrease Surprisingly, notallurbanplanscontainsufficientguidance for thecreation, layout resources andtoshow how much public spaceisvalued. public spaceisnotsolely inthehandsofarchitect, The successofaparticular Without aclearstrategy/policy, ment, for example BogotainColombia. inrecentdecades, manyParticularly citieshave putpublic spaceatthecoreofurbandevelop- deficiencies commontomany cities. inordertoprevent thecreationofunmanagedand/orpublic space text andlegalframework This linkbetween ineachcon- public spaceandurbandevelopment needstobeunderstood todevelopment. public prior spacehasbeenorganized Public spacecanleadurbandevelopment if thatbuilding bywillonly bepermitted ensuring Managing the public spaces in terms ofcrowdManaging thepublic control, spaces interms security, cleanliness general UN-Habitat is proposing a set of targets for theamount oflandallocatedtostreets UN-Habitat isproposing a setoftargets ofpublic space arebeingcreatedandsecured. In many citieslow proportions itisdifficultfor localgovernments toprioritize, THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI designandmanagementofpublic spendandplan urbandesigner

19 PUBLIC SPACES 20 PUBLIC SPACES CITY LEVEL Pro accessibility ofpublic space. 8. thedistribution, onmeasuring Debateontargets, andprinciples quantity, indicators qualityand importance. ownedcreation ofpublic landareofcritical spacefromprivate projects. slumupgrading toenable the Instruments extensions, plannedcityinfills andparticipatory must besecured.networks Urbanprojectsneedtoensureadequatepublic spaceinplannedcity 7. As citiesexpand, landfor streetsandpublic spacesaswell aspublic infrastructure thenecessary linkages. urban-rural taking intoconsideration 6. Investing for asadriver economicandsocialdevelopment, inpublic spaceneedstobeharnessed space. by better public valuesgenerated spacestosustain investmentto captureprivate inpublic palities 5. andlandreadjustmenttoolstobewidely adoptedandpromotedfor munici Landvaluesharing - access topublic spaces. age processestodefinetheiruseandman- manage, andmaintainpublic space, includingparticipatory 4. Laws andregulationsneedtobereviewed, toestablish enabling systemstocreate, revitalise, urban commonsthataresafe. multiculturalism,celebrate andenable urbanlivelihoods, thuscreatingrich, spacesinthe vibrant 3. At neighbourhoodlevel, withcommunities tofoster urbandesignshouldwork socialinclusion, sector.private municipalities, but thereisalsoarolefor thecitizens, localauthorities communities andofcourse plans. The challengetomaintainandensuresafety atpublic spacesistheresponsibilityof ment oftheirdevelop - 2. ofpublic shouldbeable spaceaspart todesignthenetwork Localauthorities the form, functionandconnectivityofthecityasawhole. 1. At regionalandcitylevel, needtofocus notonly onplacesandspacesbut city-widestrategies on 2.1.3 Key Drivers for Action: ject junctions. at examples ofspacesformed Fort, , areclassic square withintheJaisalmer century, Delhi, andthemain cincts, 17th built intheearly Masjid, ChandniChowk pre- street ontheother. the maincitylevel bazaar temple ononeside, and • thecitylevel / tion ofthepalace, atthejunc- • mostly formed spaces were: Indiantowns,historic public of ourcultureandsociety. In reflection in Indiaareatrue suiting one’s desiresandneeds, whichmay bespontaneousorscheduled. people. mixofdiverse extraordinary They areoftenusedasspillover activities spacesfor various in anapparently bewildering, confusingandpeculiarway, yet offer functionalutilityandvaluetoan andChowpati Drive BeachinMumbai.India GateinDelhiorMarine Indianpublic spaceswork maddeningly chaoticanddisorderly, yet theyarebeautifully alive, andallencompassing, vibrant like are somewhatdifferent from thoseinEuropeancities. Many ofourpublic spacesarecrowded, Medieval India: 2.2.1 Public Spaces in 2.2 Public Spaces inIndia: you-super-happy) Source: (http://delhipackages.weebly.com/blog/top-places-in-delhi-to-make- India Gate The RedFort,Jama Public spaces Within therealmofcitiesinIndia, theidentifiable features ofthegreatpublic spaces Dusshera Chowk,Dusshera JaisalmerFort,Rajasthan The streetsofOldDelhi: Orderinaseemingly-chaotic Public Realm. almer%20Fort%20) Source: (http://www.tourismguideindia.com/images/Rajasthan/Jaisalmer/Dussehra%20Chowk,%20Jais- Source: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghantaghar) THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI mumbai-cops-to-focus-on-anti-terror-ops/) Source: (http://www.newsmobile.in/articles/2015/12/27/new-year-celebration- Marine Drive.,Marine Mumbai

21 PUBLIC SPACES 22 PUBLIC SPACES 1. CITY LEVEL Pro city. cant openpublic spacesofthe andthemost signifi- Muharram ontheoccasionof mourning complexes were theatresof Gomti.of theriver ‘Imambara’ to thecityandonbanks or gardensalongmajorroutes punctuatedby structure ‘baghs’ had adistincturbanspace Cities: Traditional Indian 2.2.2 Public Spaces in • Groundsor Cities had- gregational spacesintheurbanfabric. The ‘bazaar’ themaincommercialspine. streetformed communal life inIndiancities. opencon- ofthemainmosquewasonelargest The courtyard hierarchy ofopenspaces. hierarchy decentralized,Urban spacewaslargely therewasnonotionofasinglecore, insteadtherewasa thecitiesofwest. ofcivicnucleus thatcharacterized they were notthesort • a mosque. asaforeground toapalaceand intothemaincityandserved • Sometimestheywere integrated • walls. spaces. groundandopenairgathering asaparade They served While themosque, The cityofLucknow ‘maidans’ Like thechurchinmedievalEurope, thefocus ofthe templesandmosquesformed ject the thatwereattheedgeoftown, originally ‘maidan’ andthe Source: (http://www.shiitemedia.net/2015/10/19/sunni-clerics-to-address-shia-majlis-in-lucknow-india/) 5548930-details.aspx) Source: (http://www.christies.com/lotfinder/Lot/colonel-robert-smith-1787-1873-the-muharram- monuments ofLucknow’sPeople complexes ofhistoric largest gatheredtogetherattheforecourt Smith) processiontotheGreatImambara,The Muharram Lucknow (ColonelRobert ‘bazaars’ openpublic placesofthecity, were primarily oreven outsidethecity Chowks and Chaupars: bondage. also asacommunity space, isrepresentative ofthelocalwisdomandsensestrongcommunity 2. Jaipur more for the people than anything else. (Innovative Approaches to Urban Development, A Paper by GREHA, HUDCO, March 1987) widthofthestreetoneach side. as much asaquarter These unusually widepavements emphasize thatthestreetswere designed up withshoppingarcadesonboth sides, streetsbecamebazars, withshopsextendingtheir waresonwidepavements occupying Like itsChaupars, thestreetsofJaipurwere notmereroadsfor fastmovement. otherfunctionsas well, several They performed lined • • • • • occasions. onfestivepublic gathering intense socialuseandhad were outletsfor Chaupars the Mansagarlake. inthecentrelinked to voirs reser huge underground ter sourcefor thecity, with also housedthemainwa- tant community spaces, but asimpor not only served Historically, thechaupars main street. was threetimesthatofthe (100mx100m) chaupars The widthofthesquare called ‘chaupars’. spaces, two squarecivicopen the axial streetsformed The junctionsofthemain spaces for centuries. public been theimportant Jaipur,‘chaupars’of have and The ‘chowks’ The planningofthecityJaipur, withsquaresor ‘chowkries’, andwiththestreet - - Chowk.Today, have thesechaupars becomemajorhubsoftraffic. Shepherd, 19 Shown above arepast(Viewof Tripoliya and BazaarandBadiChauparby Bourne Source: (http://www.india-seminar.com/2014/660/660_shikha_7.gif) Source: (http://www.panoramio.com/photo/86297876) th century) andpresentday imagesofBadiChaupar, century) alsoknown asManak THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI

23 PUBLIC SPACES 24 PUBLIC SPACES CITY LEVEL Pro openspacesimilar tomaidans. Connaught Place withcentral poweras astatementofimperial andgrandeur, withmoreceremonial spacesthanpublic ones, has ofpublicbai hasawonderful buildings network and openpublic spaces. Even Delhi, acitydesigned and Kolkata. Bothcitieshave central alarge ‘maidan’, andrecreation. greenspacesfor sports Mum- and strolling. There isprovision for socialandrecreationalplacesinthebigger citieslike Mumbai cinema theatre, hotelsandrestaurants. sociable places, arevery The mallandtheridge for meeting leisure. street,The mallroadinShimlaisapedestrian whichhasthetown hall, thechurch, the • • and religioussignificance. front hasauniqueritualistic edge ike Varanasi, thewater • • ended inenclosed ‘chowks’ thatwere usedextensively bothfor community andcommerce. 2.2.3 Public Spaces inColonial India: 4. Varanasi Ahmedabad 3. plazas. pavilions, kunds, streetsand and otherpublic buildings, These arelinedby temples are cremationsites. ablutions andafewritual centres for performing the citybeingimportant and active public spacein ‘Ghats’ arethemostused space inthecity. ofpublicanother form talkswas and interacted women gathered, talked or watertank, wherethe The neighbourhoodwell was acommunity space. scene, sothestreetitself sat andwatchedthestreet called ‘otlas’ wherepeople had stepsfacingthestreet The housesliningthestreet For citiesontheriver’s The British broughttoIndiatheideaofurbanspacesasplacesfor recreationand The British In thewallcityof Ahmedabad, theresidentialstreetswere called ‘pols’ andoften ject - (http://www.oldindianphotos.in/2015/05/benares-varanasi-ghats-ganges-river-1905.html) of peopletosuchspaceswasin-built intothesocietalnorms. binding factorbeingreligionandcustomsrootedinnature, theecologicalconsciousness Ghats in Varanasi as public space existed simultaneously function: with its A strong Source: (http://farm5.staticflickr.com/4023/4240771559_aeaf8a1cb4_z.jpg?zz=1) atnight. street food market asavegetableinthemorning, market inthenoonand serves abullion market Manek Chowk, community space. asavibrant thrives A multi-functional urbanspace, transform theurbanspace intopublic placethat issafe fortransform allof itsusers. friendly, atmosphere. safe andvibrant It istimetobuild ourcitiesarounditspeople, andaneedto parks, lawns and avenues aremostly overregulated orcommercially exploited, denying people a planning sothatmaximum peoplecanuseitand enjoy theplace.” of Openspacesintheform - ofspaceinDelhi.common refrain “There isnodearth We needtoactivatethespacewithcareful Gate, (openfor public since1931). citizens have andconcerned voiced Urbanexperts,planners a withtheIndia shifted for thelasttime. ofpopularpublic spacesinthisareastarted Exploration • • • • • loss. The reasonsbeenthefollowing: squares aspublic placeshave beenthebiggest cities, citylevelour contemporary plazasand building andexpansionof we have undertaken west.jpg) Source: (http://static.topyaps.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Grand-Hotel- Shimla hasexistedsincelong. Mall Road: cultureinthemaindowntownThe pedestrian in 2.2.4 Present Day Context: nience for childrenandelderly, etc. tion- disabilityaccess, women safety, conve- - At timestheyalsohinderequalparticipa design anddetailing. spaces isnotutilisedduetoinadequate Also, thepotentialofmany available public aspublicriverfronts spaceislost. ofusingghatsor scope andopportunity itsbacktowards rivers,has turned andthe Across mostIndiancities, the development areas isbecomingmorefragmented. The community-level urban spaceinlarger spaces. of thesecultural Malls have becomethenew-agealternatives New Delhi was designed and developed after 1911 when the country’s capitalwas New Delhiwasdesignedanddeveloped after1911whenthecountry’s Over thepastsixdecades, while - THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI waterway) bathe-clean-Yamuna-36-months-Delhi-turn-private-sector-help-reviving- Source: (http://www.dailymail.co.uk/indiahome/indianews/article-3228288/I- inmalls-of-delhi.html) Source: (http://www.kiransawhney.com/2014/12/christmas-decorations- Source: (http://photo.webindia123.com/app/photo/maidan/4890/) Yamuna inDelhi Select City-walk, Delhi events andfairs. host topoliticalrallies, sports inKolkatahasbeen Brigade ParadeGround:urbanpark Largest

25 PUBLIC SPACES 26 PUBLIC SPACES Some ofthe Most Commonly Used Public Spaces inIndia used for sports activities,used for sports socialgatherings, boatingetc. the city’s public urbansapce. areas, hasmarket The riverfront is hasbecomeaprominentfeature in Sabarmati banks oftheriver Riverfront,Sabarmati Ahmedabad:Riverfront developed onthe CITY LEVEL Pro Source: (http://dubeat.com/2015/03/discover-older-side-delhi/) active publictrade, street. itisavery it. Beingthecommercialcenterofexport,wholesaleandretail Mosque,to Fatehpuri off alongwithmany sublanesbranching , Delhi: StretchofBazaarbetween theRedFort integral part ofacohesive society. part integral etc.strikes andisapowerful exampleofpublic spacebeingan topoliticalgatherings,the maidanalsocaters agitations, hunger , Delhi: Traditionally usedfor stagingRamLila, Source: (http://www.hcp.co.in/file_manager/gallery/127/10.jpg) Source: (http://traveltalesfromindia.in/tag/anna-hazare/) ject Source: (https://www.voyageway.com/jodhpur-ville-bleue-du-rajasthan) Source: (http://amazingindiablog.in/marine-drive-mumbai/) morning walks,morning andloitering. promenade isextensively alike usedbyfor localsandtourists annual events, viz. MumbaiMarathon, FrenchFestivaletc. The shaped coastline. As apublic space, itholdsnumerous citylevel Marine Drive, Mumbai:Itisa4km. boulevardalongtheC- gardens.jpg) Source: (https://media-cdn.tripadvisor.com/media/photo-s/07/c5/c2/92/lodi- public space. vibrant stallsthatcoexistandisavery shops andtemporary the GhantaGhar. streethascombinationofformal The market Sadar Bazaar, StretchofBazaarfromSojatiGateto Jodhpur: frequented by morning walkers,frequented by morning exercise andfitnessenthusiasts. monuments within,century isapopularpicnicspot. Itisalso Lodhi Garden, Delhi: housingmany 15th The90acresofpark : curity. well maintainedgreensaroundthemonument andsatisfyingse- Humayun’s Tomb,Delhi: Itisanactive public spaceduetothe to0jpg.jpg) Source:(https://media-cdn.tripadvisor.com/media/photo-s/09/d1/2c/39/pho- jpg?i10c=img.resize(height:160)) Source: (https://ak3.picdn.net/shutterstock/videos/11613611/thumb/1. a popularsocialspacebecauseofitsconnectivityandconcept. ing officesandentertainment,isdesignedlike apromenade, Itis Cyber Hub, : A new-ageurbanexperiment, amalgamat- is thecoreofmany recreationalactivities. groundwhich located alongthestretchthatculminates inalarge Har kiPauri, Majorpublic buildings andactivitiesare Haridwar: jpg) Source:(http://www.indiamike.com/files/images/30/00/11/mall-road-nainital. THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI annath-temple/) Source:(http://www.jagannathdham.in/pil-seeks-no-flying-zone-over-puri-jag- jpg?i10c=img.resize(height:160) Source: (https://ak5.picdn.net/shutterstock/videos/23924470/thumb/1. Source: (https://maps.mapmyindia.com/place/original-C0000006285_3.jpg) events like theElephantaFestival. andresidentsalike public aswell spacefortourists asacultural Gateway ofIndia, spot visitedby Mumbai:Itisapopulartourist hub for Indiancrafts. as a shopping alike and is quite famous amongst the foreigners bazaar.food plazaandcraft andvisitors Itisfrequentedby tourists , spacehaving cultural anopen-air Delhi:Itisavibrant religious mathas, housesand dharamsalas. year inthemonthofJune-July hasvarious event heldevery Bada DandaRoad, Puri: Themassive scaleoftheRatha Yatra

27 PUBLIC SPACES 28 SAFE PUBLIC SPACES guarantee or assurance,guarantee orthepresenceofsafety. incidents, itcan’tbeautomaticallydoes notnecessarily beregardedassafe -theabsenceofcrime public spaces. However, itmust benotedthateven ifaplaceispotentially safe andfreefromany and MejdellJakobsen, 2000)). andplannedact.incidents happenduetoaresultofdeliberate (NTNUdefinition(Skavland Idsø a resultofoneormorecoincidences, isprotectionagainstintendedincidents. whilesecurity Such • • • work, 2014). way thatmakes citizens feel safe fromviolenceandcrime”- UrbanDevelopment Frame (Integrated of liveable andprosperouscities: urbanspacesandfacilitiesneedtobedesigned andmanagedina • • • • • • thus: and ‘security’ ‘safety’describes ofEnglish(Pearsall andHanks, The NewOxford Dictionary 2001) 3. Safe Public Spaces CITY LEVEL Pro created for them. holistic development of a cityortown getshampered. The citizens areunable tousethespaces thepublicowned good. by thepublic andserve proneornotsafe, Ifthesespacesarecrime the community, civicidentityandculture. Public spacesarecreatedandmaintainedfor citizens. They are risk. (Safety andSecurity: Two SidesoftheSameCoin, in: Article ControlGlobal, . 2010) April As aresult, to aredirectly safety proportional,but bothareinverselyproportional andsecurity creased risk, createsadecreaseinsafety. whichinturn createsin- The relationshipbetween issuchthataweakness safety insecurity andsecurity tity andqualityofexistingpublic openspacescanhelpimprove urbansafety. There isadirectrelationbetween safety andpublic space. andincreasingthequan- Upgrading the stateoffeeling safe, stable andfreefromfear oranxiety procedures followed ormeasurestaken toensuresuchsafety nage activitiessuchasterrorism, againstcriminal theftorespio- the safety ofastateororganizations Security: Thestateofbeingfreefromdangerorthreat, ordamage, e.g.Denoting somethingdesignedtoprevent injury safety barrier Safety: Theconditionofbeingprotectedfromorunlikely tocausedanger, orinjury. risk Safety is protection against random incidentsi.e.Safety isprotectionagainstrandom unwantedincidentsthathappenas “Safety, safety inpublic spaces, particularly isanessentialingredientfor thecreation Public spacesareavital ingredient ofsuccessfulcities. They helpbuild asenseof ject Safety is considered as the most important factor whenevaluating Safety isconsideredasthemostimportant • • • • • • • • ceived safety inPublic Spaces, Walt Machielse). the space, ortoavoid it(Mehta,2014,p.60)(Per the decisionby theindividualtomake useof area by anindividualhasastronginfluencein or safety history. The perceptionofsafety ofan tion ofrisk, ofstandards withoutconsideration andpercep- totheusers’refers level ofcomfort safe. place besafe, itshouldalsobeperceived tobe behaviour throughitsdesign. Notonly shoulda of crime. A safe good public spaceencourages adult toenjoy withoutfear ofbecomingavictim to beable toplay unaccompaniedorfor the to the ‘life’ for children ofthespaces, particularly of public spacesby people. Feelingsafe iscrucial Perception ofSafety: barometer astowhether thisareaisa “high risk” or “low risk” environment. andareapttousethisasa Women cognizantofthepresenceother women users arevery Women safety thanmendo. expressmuch for generally greater levelspersonal ofconcern prevalentinwomen’s useofpublic space. isparticularly The issueofperceived risk taken toensuresafety, alsodecideswhetherapublic spacewould beusedornot. ofincidents andthemeasures place, whichisbasedonthepastreportings image ofacertain part.Notionalorpsychological play alarge In thisregard, reportings mediaexposureandcrime ofthecity. parts certain tell alotabouttheway peoplemake useof The way peopleperceive theirsafety can (Mehta, 2014, pp.60-61). experiences theperson level ofcomfort threatening, whichpositively influencesthe The individualperceives theareaasnon- nity usage, inthedaytime andevening. A safe public spacehasincreasedcommu- fortable. ascom- could potentially beexperienced A public spacethatisperceived assafe Perceived orsubjective safety Safety perceptionaffects theuse

- THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI Women feel safe inpresenceofotherwomen andkidsaround perception ofSafety andpresenceofpeoplehelpsinenhancing Lit surroundings Unlit andnoactivityzone affects perceptionof safety. rain-royalty-free-image/150179790) Source:(http://www.gettyimages.in/detail/photo/woman-walking-in-night-city- Source:(https://www.planetizen.com/node/42878) Source:(https://citiesintransition.eu/cityreport/women-in-the-city-2)

29 SAFE PUBLIC SPACES 30 SAFE PUBLIC SPACES CITY LEVEL Pro ofourwork. thecourse during that would increasesafety, perceived andreal, thatwe have by suggestinginterventions discovered feels inany given situationinrelationtothethreatofassaultorintimidation by otherpeople. (www.cfsc.niua.org).bodily ormentalharm orsafe anindividual Itfocuses onhow comfortable and enjoyment ofpublic space. Personalofassaultandprotectionfrom safety isameasureofrisk lence andtheperceptionthatanenvironment isunsafe is, ineffect, tomany people’s abarrier use safety inurbansettings. People tousepublic feel spacesandpublic afraid facilities. This fear ofvio- “safety audits” program, whichallows women toidentifyplaceswheretheyfeel unsafe. it.campaigns andtoolsthatallow victimstoeasily report A Toronto-based createda organization tocombatitwithpublicity andworked inpublicknowledged transit theissueof sexualharassment parks, streetsandhousinginresponsetofemale residents’ concerns. U.S. Several citieshave ac- The resultsofthisstudyoffer potentialsolutionstotheplanningofpublic spaces for theirpersonal ofpeopleareexpressingconcern Globally increasingnumbers Transformative changeshave in occurred Vienna, whichhasbeenredesigningits ject • • usablility ofpublic space. altered. (Tandogana O., IihandB.S., 2016).Thus, affects thefear theeffienciency ofcrime andthe ing placesanddwelling places bechanged; andcausingroadsstreetschosenfor commercebe public parks, squares, plazas, streetsnotbeused; totravel- causingroutespreferred between work pact ofthedailydirectly lifesorindirectly by ofurbandwellers causingurbanopenspacessuchas inthepublic andcommunity life.participating (CPTED, Guidebook, 2003). im- Ithasaconsiderable within thecommunity. people’sThis canrestrict freedomofmovement andprevent themfromfully fear considerable generate many people’s lives. andproperties againstpersons crimes Serious 3.1.1 Crime: The mainissuesofsafety inapublic spacehave beenbroadlythus: categorized Crime inpublicspacescanalsobedueto; • • • • • • nature; Crime inpublicspacescanbeoffollowing 3.1 Safety Concerns -What dowe need safety from? concerns,especially for women.concerns,especially aresafety Poor corners lightinganddark andunsafe forprone tocrime itsusers. activity, poormaintenance makes aspace lowLack ofpropersurveillance, level of prostitution,tricksters andhustlers, prostitution,tricksters and peddlers,soliciting drug petty theft,, snatching, purse chaingrabbing robbery,violence during kidnapping/abduction, eve-teasing etc. ofrape,the form assault, stalking, groping, sexual harassment, especially for women in Physical assault, andbodily harm As perCPTED, Guidebook, isasocialproblem inoursocietywhichaffects crime THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI st=1507702003088417) Fv%3DwWQ6AMzlCb0&psig=AOvVaw1cJi01wpKvcON9xQ5HzPuU&u SgaBYoQjRwIBw&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3 ages&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwi_ud_kseXWAhWKWbwKH Source: (https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=im Staring iscommoninpublic spaces Staring

31 SAFE PUBLIC SPACES 32 SAFE PUBLIC SPACES CITY LEVEL Pro ing andmanaging public space. approachtowards design- pedestrian-centered • • • • includes: designing senior-friendly publicspaces. This Ensuring safety andaccessibilityisthekey to • • • • Some ofthemobilityissuesare: must beinplaceatsuchpublic spaces. tofacilitatethis support ignored. Infrastructural takes placeandthesemustinteraction notbe urban streetsarethemainspaceswheresocial disabled importance. shouldbegiven prime ment, especially ofpedestrians, andthe elderly junctions, recreationspaces, etc-for easymove - people. Designingpublic spaces-streets, traffic more designedfor movement ofvehicles than shrift. Citiesseem aregiven short city dwellers andvehicularbetween movement, pedestrian ingly underthreat. stand-off Intheadversarial B by thesimplemeansof walkingisincreas- jury. Unfortunately, gettingfromPoint A toPoint orfearfreely onfootofin- withouthinderance 3.1.2 Mobility, Movement: fic. fic. crossingsforsafe navigating- pedestrian traf andwalkers, for wheelchairs ramps entry available); whenotheroptions arenot stairway railings ifpossible (andadequate and elevators even, non-slipwalkingsurfaces; escalators good lighting; the obstaclestoeasymovement ofpeople. lack ofdisabledfeatures friendly aresomeof junctions,traffic crossingatheavyabsence ofapedestrian widths ofpavements, pathways,undulating pedestrian improper Absence offootpaths, There isaneedfor implementationofa Jane Jacobsestablished that All ofushave to move theright ject a82e4b02bda2.jpg) p2/2017/01/06/Pictures/rubi-ar-sarojni-market_522eff62-d429-11e6-a877- Source: (http://www.hindustantimes.com/rf/image_size_960x540/HT/ Improper widthsandundulatingfootpaths affects walkability. Encroached footpaths force pedestrianstowalkonroads. Source: (http://profkurakar.blogspot.in/2015/02/blog-post_41.html) Elderly Physically challenged b. Uncontrolled Foliage, wild/stray animals: • sion tosnakes, lizards, etc. spiders mostpeoplehave ahealthyfurthermore, aver animal. atby anenraged dogs orbeingcharged to ourwoes. We allfear beinghauledby wild managed foliage, add treesandshrubs, further mals wandering, ofun- especially insurroundings usage, andaviciouscycleiscreated. ani- Stray be aptspacesfor hiding. A lackofsafety lowers shrubs, thevisionandcan treefoliage restricts • • • • • • • spaces isfromhealthhazards: ofsafety inpublicjor concern Another a. Sanitation ma- Foliage Animals;Uncontrolled ards: Stray/Wild 3.1.3 Health Haz sanitation. lackof creating afurther use asadumpingground, their spaces encourages tion andhygiene atpublic spaces. Lackofsanita- ofpublic the tranquility even crime, undermining degradation, and insecurity environmental giene brings Poor sanitationandhy- economic andsocialbenefits. Without sanitationoptions, people notonly avoid public spacesasphysical entitybut alsotheir ages peoplefromusingtheplacethatisperceived tobeincreasingly unsafe. Consequently, lessandpeopleusethedeadspacecreatedassuch, discour whichfurther stagnant water, mosquitoes breedingin open defecation. sewage, garbage strewnonstreets, open/clogged drains, Unmanaged anduncontrolled - Mosquitoes breeding instagnantwater Sewage Clogged drains ing/1/459756.html) fines-4-delhi--for-mosquito-breed- Source:(http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/ndmc- als/nyt_09_29_06.htm) - Source:(http://gaia.pge.utexas.edu/Harmful/Materi Delhis-drains.html) diver-paid-just-3-50-day-plus-bottle-booze-unclog- ticle-2190251/And-thought-bad-job-Indian-sewer- Source:(http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/ar - THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI Uncontrolled Foliage: Uncontrolled/ unmanaged foliage, Institutional lot. Uncontrolled/ unmanagedfoliage,Area Parking Fort Siri - Health Hazard Health Hazard And-Even-Kill-For-Their-Right-to-Do-So) Detail/index/9/10917/Men-Pee-All-Over-Delhi- Source:(http://www.thecitizen.in/index.php/News- funds/1/443644.html) arvind-kerjriwal-municipal-corporation-sanitation- Source:(http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/delhi- articleshow/50725505.cms) Centre-Stray-dog-menace-in-Kerala-dangerous/ Source:(http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/ Open defecation -

33 SAFE PUBLIC SPACES 34 SAFE PUBLIC SPACES CITY LEVEL Pro • • Commuting inPublic Transport: • • • sites,and food distribution parks. workplaces, inpublic sanitationfacilities, water schoolsand and aroundpublic transportation, • stops. Even mendonotfeel safe travelling lateatnightwithwomen, for fear ofbeingattacked. are notsafe spaces.tobethemostunsafe followed by markets, Streetsarereported andbus parks ofwomen feel thatthecityasawholeandtheirown neighbourhoods vealed thathighproportion tat, theGovernment ofDelhiandtheNGO, Jagori.conductedin2012re- Findingsofthesurvey for women-focusedwomen force. intopublic solutionsincitiessoastobring spaceandthework one. women’s Considering helpscitiesreflect theneedsofallresidents. concerns Thereisaneed everyone’s innateresponsibility. Makingcitiessafe for- women actually makes thembetterfor every aboutwomen allofus. isthattheirsafetymost concerned concerns Women is safety andsecurity neglected issue, withfew laws orpoliciesinplacetoprevent andaddressit. The reasonthatwe are 3.2.1 Women: here: groupswhichfeel tospecificissues,in perceptionsofsafety morevulnerable in various asdescribed social status. totheissuesmentionedabove.All ofusare vulnerable However, thereare differences 3.2 Who is affected and how? heightened vulnerability. which creates spaces andpublic transport accesspublicdomestic workers, regularly Homeless women, women vendors, and essential services. challenges relatedtotheirdifficultyaccessing Poor women oftenfaceheightenedsafety health andwell-being. opportunities. Italsonegatively impactstheir andrecreational their enjoyment ofcultural and It limitstheiraccesstoessentialservices school, andpublic life. work in It reducestheirabilitytoparticipate It reducewomen’s freedomofmovement. sexual harassment, stalking, molestationandrape This canoccuronstreets, in Women typesofsexualviolenceinpublic fear spacessuchas fromvarious by UN effort isacollaborative The Safe CityDelhiProgramme Women, UNHabi- Violence againstwomen, inpublic especiallyspaces, harassment remainsalargely ofsociety, strata every Safety isanissuewhich concerns regardlessofgender, ageor ject much-has-changed-for-women-in-public-spaces.html). Source: (http://www.livemint.com/Politics/HSoig91hjdkgEG2CIa3dTK/Not- reclaimPublicSpaces-700x372.jpg). Source: (http://www.femina.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/india-women- outdoors and interact withothers. andinteract outdoors toplay thus canaffect children’s opportunities impact parentalbehaviour andperceptions, and children areaffected themost. Safety concerns and backfromschools. Parents of vulnerable streets orcyclingonstreets, orontheirway to whileplaying inparks,to thesecrimes crossing • • Children are vulnerable to: to beusedby childrenduetonegligenceandlackofplanning. the unavailability ofsuchfacilityduetolimitationspace, oreven ifthesearepresent, itisunsafe completely outofsightorontheirown. Many ofplaying arebeingdeprived inparks, eitherdueto on theRightsofChild). However, inmostsituationsitisnotsafe toallow young childrentobe 31oftheUnitedNationsConvention play inasafe environment intheirneighbourhood(Article dren. All childrenneedfreshair, exercise andachancetobeindependent. Childrenhave to aright • • • • High Boundary Walls andGatedCommunities: use by familiesetc. thatmakes aspacesafer. fewer women willventure there, discouraging • • Public Toiletsfor Women 3.2.2 Children: ficking. like kidnapping/abduction,crimes - andtraf accidents, Dead spacescreatedbyactivities. improperdesignassuchbecomegroundsfor criminal the streetsoutside. a safe environment insidewithnoeyes onto Gated communities leadtothecreationof tion ontotheroad. wallscuts-offvisualconnec- High boundary streets. inanti-socialactivitieson edly ledtoarise in residentialspaces,- whichhave report wallsandgatedcommunities High boundary forsafety women. concerns safe healthand public toiletsposesserious The lackofproperfunctioning, cleanand is agrave issue. Delhi lacksaccessible public toilets, andthis If a space is perceived unsafe for women, They aremostusually exposed Another important demographic ofcities, demographic allofus, whosesafety concerns Another important arechil- THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI Mahatma Jyoti RaoPhuleMarg. world-1465572245.html). efficient-public-toilet-designs-here-s-a-look-at-some-loos-from-around-the- Source: (http://www.catchnews.com/india-news/as-delhi-searches-for- park-south-mcd-told/) Source: (http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/cant-build-on-childrens-

35 SAFE PUBLIC SPACES 36 SAFE PUBLIC SPACES CITY LEVEL Pro • • • • spaces: facefollowing generally issuesinpublic Elderly • • • to enhancequalityoflife aspeopleage. inorder for health,andsecurity active ageingbyencourages optimizingopportunities participation shown how thephysical andsocialenvironment canhelppeople “age actively”. city An age-friendly 3.2.3 The Elderly: ently–abled, ofthesestreets. safe accesstoamajority crossings,pedestrian streetlights, adequateshadinghave children, deprived especially thediffer toautomobiles.give priority designedfoot paths, facilities suchasproperly The lackofpedestrian • • • Children mostly faceissuesofsafety suchas- accessible toiletfacilities. inadequate placestorest, or paired, ordisabled. might move slowly, ormightbevisually im- junctionsas they fear ofcrossingtraffic ease ofmovement inthesepublic spaces. friendly. too much trouble, thenthatplaceissenior themselveson theirown without andorient If aseniorcitizen canaccessthespaceeasily their physical orcognitive abilitieslessening. tance toelders, whomay beseeingsomeof impor A senseofcontrolisparticular promoting safety, inclusionandrespect. ences ofelderly, aswell asyounger ones, takes intoaccounttheneedsandprefer A public spacethatisseniorcitizen-friendly school orwork. to walkthroughinsecureareasreach astheyhaveare exposedtoheightenedrisk Children livinginurbanpoorcommunities for childreninurbanareas. concern toschoolisamajor lack ofsafe transport freedom tomove. The World inits HealthOrganization Citiesproject,Age-Friendly set upin2006, has designedaroundthescaleofanableMost streetsinIndiancitieslargely adultand ject - - crossings-poses-risk-at-many-places/article7718276.ece) Source:(http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Madurai/absence-of-zebra- perception-the-elderly-are-anything-but-retired-from-sex-2940398/) Source:(http://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/feelings/contrary-to-popular- infrastructure ofpedestrian arevitalpart Resting placesfor Elderly road crossings at pose difficulty for Elderly Lack ofPedestrian Infrastructure NDMC-plans-grand-revamp-India-Gate-children-s-park.html) Source: (http://www.dailymail.co.uk/indiahome/indianews/article-3172612/ - like sexual assaultsandrape. ofabusive ofviolence interms language orbecometargets gender community facesharassment indifferent kindsofpublic violenceandharassment spaces.overt, physical andstructural - The trans • • • • Lesbian, gay, (LGBT)peoplearemorelikely toexperience bisexualandtransgender women, childrenandelderly. for meningroups, aman’s increasesfarmore greatly whileaccompanying senseofvulnerability thanwomen, ofcrime risk thefear ofvictimisationisfelt moreacutely by women. Individually or related problems affects menlesssignificantly than women. Althoughmenarestatistically atgreater However, menarelesssensitive thanwomen. toperceived risk Additionally, withsafety- experience ing spacesfor them. inpublic spacethroughsettingupand manag- increase theavenues for olderpeopletoparticipate asenseofsafety. alsofosters andinteraction attention toissuesofcomfort Thus, thereisaneedto andamenitiesexist. socialcontactandreducing isolation,such services Besidesencouraging paying as senior-specific andgyms¬. recreationareasinparks alsoneedtobemade aware that Seniors seating arrangements, amenitieslike waterfountains, andcustomerservices, ormoreholistic, such inapublic spacecanbecritical.to theeaseofsocialinteraction Suchmeasures canbeasbasic 3.2.5 LGBT Community: 3.2.4 Men: • • • • • • • • • • citizen-friendly citiesare: Some ofthefactorsthatare key tosenior the threatofviolencedue totheirsexualorientation harassment, and discrimination, intolerance, abduction inpublic spaces. and torobbery vulnerable physical violence aesthetics. signage andpublic graphics, proper lighting, ational facilities, availability andrecre- andproximity ofparks fics, crossingsforsafe navigating- pedestrian traf andwalkers, for wheelchairs ramps entry cluding sidewalksorfootpaths, walkable streets, amenitiesin- pedestrian The biggestfear for menis: In theIndiancontext, to oftenfaceexclusion andaremorevulnerable transgenders While thesemeasuresmay notbequiteasimmediately obvious, paying attention THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI nyc-to-invest-in-its-seniors/) Source:(https://www.6sqft.com/comptroller-scott-stringer-lays-out-plan-for- Ramps aresignificant for easeofmovement

37 SAFE PUBLIC SPACES 38 SAFE PUBLIC SPACES CITY LEVEL Pro • • • • street/road,dimensions totheterm such as: road’s whilestreetsfacilitatepublic interaction. mainfunctionistransportation, There arevarious context, onwhichpeoplemay freely assemble, interact, andmove about. To adistinction, draw a paved) inabuilt environment. Itmay alsobeapublic parceloflandadjoiningbuildings inanurban organs” vital most its are - city a of places public main –J the - sidewalks their and “Streets space: agegroups, gender, economic statusandmodalmeans. pattern. ofthiscommon The planning anddesignofstreetsshouldrecover theneeds ofallusers and vehicular movement. social value. Streetsfacilitatebothpedestrian economic, civic, ceremonial, political, and cultural streets aslinksorplacesthathave commercial, • • • threemainpurposes:served tal sharedpublic spaces that have traditionally 3.3.1 Streets oftheday.end-usage, part andfor alarge number ofpeople,public anddiverse spaceswhichare used by offunctionsand large for avariety 3.3 Typology ofPublic Spaces It is a secondary roador side laneextendingoffa main road. By-lane -Itisasecondary usage.for pedestrian istypically lined withtrees. The roadways alongeachsidearedesignedfor lanes, slow travel -as parking for bicyclesand thoroughfare,Boulevard -awide, divided withamediandown thecentre. multi-lane arterial to”, feature. atalandscapeorarchitectural orarrival alongeachside, usedtoemphasize running whichisgenerally the shrubs trees orlarge “coming Avenue -Inlandscaping, anavenue, orallée, pathorroutewithalineof astraight istraditionally road(back lane), orgarden.is alsoarearaccessorservice orapathwalk in apark ans. between, Itusually runs behind, oftowns andcities. orwithinbuildings intheolderparts It Alley -Analleyoralleyway lane, isanarrow path, orpassageway,- for pedestri often reserved social interaction. commerce and mobility, –Louis Kahn “The street is aroom by agreement” Originally thewordOriginally “street” meantapaved road. Itisapublic thoroughfare, (usually For acitytofunctionefficiently, it must have agenerousand well-designed street There aremultiple functions of Streets arethemostfundamen- ofthisstudy,For thepurposes typologieshave those beenidentified considering ject Source: (http://images.indianexpress.com/2015/10/delhi-connaught-place.jpg) Connaught Place ane Jacobs Street in Mariahilferstraße, Street inMariahilferstraße, Vienna bureau-bb/) Source: (http://www.landezine.com/index.php/2014/11/mariahilferstrasse-by- • • trees, children, thatmake people, feel womensafe andtheelderly comfortable. particularly These conceptsavocate for theprovision ofamenitieslike seating, play areas, goodsidewalksand • • movements or “complete streets” projects. America,and North thereare “liveable streets” reclaiming streetsaspublic spaces. InEurope built anextensive bicyclenetwork. streetsandCopanhagenhas closed itscentral ofthefamous part Trafalgar Square, Vienna has For example, a Londonhaspedestrianized Promenade -Itisapaved public walkway, typically onealongtheseafront/waterfront. areas, lanes. wide. Inrural theseareoftencalledcountry low arelessthan15 volumesfeet inwidth, oftraffic very andareonly asinglelane that carry two lanes, ineachdirection, onefor traffic by lanemarkings. separated Someroadsandbridges vehicles, conflicts. andreducetraffic tocontrolandguidedrivers Mostpublic roads have atleast thatisdesignatedfor useby ofaroadway asinglelineof (carriageway) Lane -alaneispart - pedestrians, cyclistsandpublic transit. streets moreaccessible toalltypesofusers Complete streetsmovement aimstomake being thekey components. with safety, andsocialinteractions security ofsocialandurbanlife streets asthefabric Livable streetsmovement emphasizes In many countries, citizens are THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI mobility-gurgaon-india-kanika-jindal/) Source: (http://thecityfix.com/blog/raahgiri-day-spotlights-non-motorized- Trafalgar Square, London File:Completestreet.jpg) Source: (https://www.transitwiki.org/TransitWiki/index.php/ Vancouver. A completestreetwithatwo-way in protectedcycletrack Bicycle Lanes, Copenhagen poor-people-denmark-shows-the-slow-huge-payoff) Source: (http://www.peopleforbikes.org/blog/entry/does-better-biking-help-

39 SAFE PUBLIC SPACES 40 SAFE PUBLIC SPACES threatening space–themuch talked about “last mileconnectivity” isyet tohappen. From therelatively safe womb-like environs ofthestation, exposedtoapotentially you arecruelly • • • and innovative spacemanagement. urban design, architecture, infrastructure, programming, bicycleandpedestrian cultural public art, ofactivities.diversity throughsupportive intothecommunities theyserve These canbeintegrated CITY LEVEL Pro Issues: 3.3.2 To and From Metro Stations /Bus Stops • • • • Safety issues related to Streets: • • • Raahgiri Day, Gurgaon ing ofinsecurity. facto toiletfor men, addingtowomen’s feel- isade The areabehindmostbus shelters feel unsafe.women inparticular litbus stopsmake Desolate andpoorly experience, especially for women atnight. stations andbus stands–isanunpleasant nodes–Metro Movement fromtransport hicle togothroughacolony roadanduseitasashortcut,withoutany hindrance. intheplanningofroads,There isnoclearhierarchy itisquitecommonfor aheavy motorve- aids inkeeping itsafe. cities.activities, for experiencing as Streetactivitieswork important ‘eyes onthestreet’, andthat Sidewalks, pavements orfootpaths areusually never wideenoughtoallowof for therange ofpedestrians.signed pavements addstothediscomfort make streetsunsafe for commuters.Lack ofsurveillance Poorly lit, deserted,andimproperde- walkingandspendingtimeonastreet.fortable Provision for safety, mainly fromcrime, aswell asmobilityhazardsto, make peoplefeel com- Ludhiana, Navi Mumbai, Bhopal, Ahmedabad. It isalsobeingfollowed inothercitieslike walking etc. outdoor activitieslike cycling, , skating, streets whereinpeopleofallagesindulgein safe istocreatepeoplefriendly Its purpose gaon. car-free citizen initiative thatbeganinGur In India, sustained Day isthefirst Raahgiri A transit stopcanbeasettingfor communityA transit interaction, a aplacethatencourages ject - Access routetotheDwakaMetro StationSector10. mobility-gurgaon-india-kanika-jindal/) Source: (http://thecityfix.com/blog/raahgiri-day-spotlights-non-motorized- Day,Raahgiri Gurgaon Issues: to beunsafe by thecommuters. hasfoundapproachroadstoandfrommanypublic several metrostationsandbus transport, stops lighting, openness, visibility, crowd, genderdiversity, security, stateofthewalkpathandavailability of of The safety auditconducted inNewDelhiusingtheSafetipin appmeasuredtheeightparameters • • • • attractive, friendly, andcapable ofmulti-tasking. itaround,tion couldcompletely turn makingit - tial designfeatures whereasensitive interven mobility, theyhave never beenviewed asessen- theconvenience ofmodern eviltosupport sary lotsarebeenviewed asaneces- while parking withanduseonadaily basis.interact However, ans coexist. These arepublic placesthatpeople - andpedestri one ofthefew placeswherecars storecars. lotsare spots totemporarily Parking landscape features ofthebuilt environment. land area, makingthemone ofthemostsalient are estimatedtocover atleastone-thirdofthe cities, andLos like Orlando Angeles, lots parking usedoutdoorspace.the mostregularly Insome life. IntheUnitedStates, lotsmay be parking public lotsarethesettingsfor modern parking their use, tothemultifaceted street, incontrast cities andsuburbs. Although theyaresingular in that have majorimpactonthedesignofour 3.3.3 Public Parking Lots points, improperlighting, lackofsurveillance, guards. andabsenceofpatrollingsecurity and exit lotsaretoomany uncontrolledentry in parking The mainissuesthatlead tocrime dehumanizing. When notusedfor parking, these lieashugeemptyspacethatarealienating, threateningand lotsarespacesthatusually notmulti-tasking.Public parking facility. islikely tooccurinaparking crime volume ofspacewithrelatively alarge low facilitiescomprise levelsParking ofactivity, hence For itssuccessandmanagement, thesepublic spaces, like others, needtobesafe. Parking lotsaremuch morethan Parking lotsarepublic spaces Parking Public parking lotsare never looked atas adesignfeature THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI municipal-corporation-subhash-arya/1/395966.html) Source: (http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/parking-for-vehicles-south-delhi- seriously-as-public-spaces.html/) Source: (http://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/08/arts/design/taking-parking-lots- Parking Lot,Parking Delhi Lot,Parking Orlando, Florida

41 SAFE PUBLIC SPACES 42 SAFE PUBLIC SPACES - “Parking lotbetreated like the city common, with itsown community values” John Brinckerhoff Jackson and dead, ensuresthattheplace remainssafe. site, lotisunused atthetimewhenparking expression,cultural socializingandplay. ofthecommons–asitefor part an important effectively lotas re-valuedthepublic parking inSanFrancisco,Originated PARK(ing) Day has andweddings.seminars healthclinics, bike-repair shops,temporary have public places,temporary wheretheysetup spacesinto metered parking “PARK(ing)” spaces: transform totemporarily activists collaborate event, since2005wherecitizens, and artists Day,This istheideabehindParking aglobal diversity.and encourage change withtime. There isaneedtorecognise walks, activitiesthatmay asplacesfor various ofourstreetsandside- of theinfrastructure There isaneedtothinkabouttheselotsaspart CITY LEVEL Pro to thecity’s avisual obtrusion skyline.clearly FOBs areeasiertoretrofit but theyare also difficult tolocateandare perceived asunsafe. and consideredasafe option, subways aremore installed atsite. visible While FOBsareclearly and execute, FOBsarerelatively easiertobe on themostcongestedroads. ofpassage by themsafe rite pedestrian (FOBs).head-bridges These easemovement of aresubways and foot-over corridors traffic systems for crossingcongestedroadsandheavy 3.3.4 Subways Creation ofsuchanactive spaceona Subways take longertoplan The two mostcommonly used ject - Source: (https://carolinaangles.com/2015/10/26/444/) Source: (https://visitfranklin.com/events/parking-day) (PARK)ing day 2008inMinneapolis around Downtown and Franklin Williamson County. Visitor Center(400MainStreet, Suite130), onthesquare, and known as pocket parks “parklets.” willbeinfrontofthe Parklets into citiesandtowns aretransformed spotsinvarious parking Dayrecognized isaninternationally eventPark(ing) where Subway atCGOComplexonLalaLajpatRaiRoad. nizability andrecall. ways, outfor theireasyrecog- systemneedstobeworked signage/ graphic aproperanduniform subways. completely aspeopleprefer toshopwithouttheinconvenience down andup ofmakingjourneys public space’ withtheintroductionofcommercialfacilitiesinside. However, itwasnotasuccess usessuchasnightshelters, impromptuexhibitions.alternative healthcampsandplacefor arranging andcompromisedthesafety ofwomen. peddlers shelter todrug Defunctsubways canbeputto under-utilised. flow,smooth traffic perceivedhave safety becomeaclearly hazard forusers, andhenceareleft them. anddifferently-abledment oftheelderly across Subways shouldalsobe designed toeasemove- indicatingthelocationofnearestsubway.clearly ofsubway shouldbemadebyvanced warning out. carefully worked very Provision for ad- hence theirlocationanddesignneedstobe countries. Sinceretrofittingisdifficultinsubways, toas ferred underpass’‘pedestrian infew centrality.broader cultural These arealsore- people,concentrating whichgives thema Subways areidentified asanchorpoints for • • • • • • • Issues state. oftheir dissuades citizens deterioration fromusingsubways, leadstofurther andthisisinturn lack ofpropersignages, and littleornoawareness of theirexistenceandlocation, naturally Bad ornon-existentapproachroads, guardsandpatrollingetc.absence ofsecurity addicts, anddrug presence ofbeggars filth andgarbageaccumulation, no electricity, improper ornolighting, Subways are considered as eviland anugly fact oflife In addition, therearerelatively highcostsofmaintainingsubways. To locate thesub- To maximisesafety, aninitiative taken upwhereinsubways were designedas ‘active realizedIn Londonsubways thattheseprovided were filledupafterurbanplanners Pedestrian subways, roleinroadsafety and whichotherwisecanplay animportant THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI Rai Road. oftheSubway,Visible Entry/Exit CGOComplexonLalaLajpat

43 SAFE PUBLIC SPACES 44 SAFE PUBLIC SPACES CITY LEVEL Pro Function ofSquares: 3.3.5 Squares, Chowks, Places ofPublic Congregation crowd management. lance, lightingandmaintenance, andlackof andexitspoints,- entry lackofpropersurveil become unsafe duetotoomany uncontrolled • • • • • • • • • Public squarescanbeused for; these arethespaceswherepeopleofcommunity gatheredand “urban life” tookplace. These reflect thecities’ identityandthecommunities’ background. cultural Sincethemedievaltimes, spaces inacity. withinacity. by buildings Squaresareopenspacessurrounded and other structures space for the office working people. space for theoffice working like CyberHub, actasabreak-free Gurgaon where theytake placefrequently. Cityplazas These events give adefinitiontothespace Phool Walon kiSairinMehrauli, NewDelhi. Delhi, intowns like Urs traditional Ajmer, the Sufi festival ofNizamuddin BastiinNew squareslike another typologyofcultural eventsof leadtotheformation Cultural aspect ofthecitysquares. andeconomic inclined towards thecultural haats,Cultural suchasDillihaat, aremore urban squares. are neitherpredefinednorlimitedinthe relax, sit, meetwithfriends, etc. The activities Public squaresprovide citizens aspaceto etc. markets for commercesuchasweekly bazaars, flea music, danceandthetheaterevents political activities, , , includingreligiousfunctions However, thesespacescan City squares, chowks, spaces areoneofthesignificantpublic plazasandcultural ject BAY72CmIM) 5j3.28.0....0...1.1.64.psy-ab..4.12.1705...0j0i67k1.tPU_xwEVIUI#imgrc=iF_QB- t+raahgiri&gs_l=psy-ab.3...72969.83702.0.84100.33.32.1.0.0.0.228.4303.0j2 sa=1&q=euphoria+performing+at+raahgiri&oq=euphoria+performing+a Source: (https://www.google.co.in/search?biw=1920&bih=1094&tbm=isch& New Delhi atConnoughtPlace, for byRaahgiri Euphoria Musical Concert The-long-night-of-Sufi-songs.html) Source: (http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/bGPzoJSgmem899RU4DpQNJ/ atNizamuddin , NewDelhi pranab-mukherjee-attend-beating---in-delhi-2604306-4.html) Source: (http://www.firstpost.com/photos/india-gallery/narendra-modi- Beating RetreatCeremony, Vijay Chowk, NewDelhi lance, lighting, signagesandmaintenance. - become unsafe duetolackofpropersurveil Archeological Park. These spacescan Qila, ,FerozShahKotlaand inDelhiarePurana importance and cultural aswellis activatedby asnatives. thetourists activitiesassociatedwiththespacethat cultural towns, ancienttemples, etc. There areallied ruins, relicsofhistoric as acomplexoffort aroundthecomplex.functional usagepattern ofthecity,within thefabric withatransformed ments areinterwoven withandembedded cities, ofmany traditional fabric thesemonu- monument.responding historical Intheevolving cities arerecognisedandassociatedwithacor 3.3.6 Places ofCultural, Historical and Tourist Interest nings. (DDA) inDelhi, andeve- parks inmornings number thesearefrequentedby ofusers quitealarge • • • • • usedfor - aregenerally Parks symbols ofthesecities.tural Mumbai, RamlilaMaidan, andLodhiGardenin Delhi, Park Nehru etc. have becomevisualandcul- the residentsofcity, andtourists. but alsofor visitors plan ofacity. These public spaceshave asocial, recreational, andpoliticalvalue, cultural notonly for Parks 3.3.7 Parks, Water Bodies,Places ofNatural and Scenic Attraction yoga sessions andmeditations. and by exercise walks, enthusiastsfor morning for leisurely walksandjogging, playgrounds for children, recreation aspicnicspots, Some of such places of historic Some ofsuchplaceshistoric These spacesaremostly found Many public spacesinhistoric With opengymfacilityprovided inmany oftheDelhiDevelopment Authority aremulti-use destinationsandcatalysts for communityCity parks development. Some public spaceslike theMaidaninKolkata, and ShivajiPark Azad Maidanin akey componentofthelandscape andopenspaces(maidans)form City level parks - THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI Purana Kila,Purana NewDelhi tour/wp-content/blogs.dir/6/files/2012/09/purana-qila-humayun-darwaza.jpg) Source: (http://images.mapsofindia.com/india-tour/newvolume/mapindia/india- Kashmere Gate

45 SAFE PUBLIC SPACES 46 SAFE PUBLIC SPACES Sabarmati Riverfront, Sabarmati Ahmedabad CITY LEVEL Pro for acitytoredefineitself. portunity multi-use placeisagoldenop- public gathering other timesleftasanorganic, unmanagededge. tuated by gooddesigninterventions, whileat setting,geographical attimessensitively accen- of thesespacesismostly afactorofitsnatural ofsuchpublic spaces.categories The formation andriverfronts,front marinas,ghats arevarious Lakefronts, seafacingpromenadesandbeach - within thepublic domainofthecity. Water Bodies: ment, poormaintenance, vandalismandpresenceof “undesirables”. poor lighting, confusinglayout, physical isolation, poorvisibility, noaccesstohelp, areasofconceal- environments include:with high-risk ofagegroups. arange encourages parks associate users whichpark The physical characteristics because itincreasesperceptionsofsafety. Provision for bothactive andpassive recreationwithin ingness touseaspace. People andopenspacesiftheyfeel safe they andcomfortable, useparks • • • • as such for ofplaychildrenduetofactors experiences hasledtodeprivation urbanscenario Current Issues: 5038b9eaa658334a09ae8247b.jpg) Source:- (https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/cf/fb/b0/cffbb0a versatile spaces that served asplay areasfor childrenandpublic spacesfor adults. spacesthatserved versatile reducing theopenareaswithinneighbourhoods-traditionally, neighbourhoodstreetswere facilitieshaseventually reducedchildren’sincreasing needfor parking play areasby substantially lack ofproperplay equipment, lack ofavailability ofplay groundsinthevicinityofhousingareas, lack ofaccessibilitytoplaygrounds, Design of a park canhaveDesign ofapark directimpactonpeople’s perceptionsofsafety andtheirwill - Reimagining awaterfrontas space The public spacearoundtheedgeofwaterbodybecomesanimportant ject no-further/#.WZquNT4jFaR) Source: (http://travellersappetite.in/2015/the-best-beach-in-mumbai-search- Juhu Beach, Mumbai bathers_at_Ganges_Ghats%2C_Varanasi.jpg) Source: (https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Morning_ Ghats, Varanasi 3.4 Examples ofSafe Public Spaces • • • in distress. Following isthestrategy; NGO, street, assafe housesfor women ononeparticular hasmade100shops&housestoserve Delhi toensurewomen andchildsafety. plancalled ofalarger ‘SaferAs part Cities’, PlanIndia, an 3.4.1 Streets • • • • have beendiscussedbelow. 1. 100Safe Houses, Mangolpuri, Outer Delhi-Initiatives for aSafe Capital: let intoasafe housewhensheneedshelp Knock Knock: The aimistoensurethatadistressed women is homes. intheseareasfeel safe tostepoutoftheir girls and Incidents ofmolestationsreduceddrastically Unsafe Capitalgetssafe housesfor women). to ensureitssuccess. (TheHindu, 11,April 2016, oftheproject coordinating withtheorganisers root level. The initiative hasfound thebackingoflocalpolice(beatconstables) whichis a woman knocksontheirdoorfor help. The residentsoftheshopsorhouseshave by PlanIndiaonhow beentrained torespondwhen atany time oftheday ornight.to thesehousesorshopsandknockontheirdoors Women who feel like theyarebeingfollowed canwalk up orarebeingthreatenedby stalkers access them. withaneonsignthatsays These housesaremarked Shehar’,‘Surakshit or ‘safe city’. ofthestreetssothatvictimscaneasily andatthecorners Houses arelocatednearpublic parks public environment atnight. Lighting intensityanddirectionmust ofthe beappropriate, improving visibilityandsurveillance people’s feeling ofsafety.support Streets andpublic andwell spaces shouldbeattractive usedtosignalcareandattention and onthestreet. ofstreetsshouldbemaximized by increasingthelevel ofactivitywithinbuildingsSurveillance across neighbourhoodsandtoactivitycentres. Streets shouldbeeasily navigable andlegible, andmust provide convenient accessfor allusers ‘Safehouse’ -isauniquecommunity initiative in by theresidentsofMongolpuri The guidelinestoenable safe for publiceachtypology spacesandbestpractices It is an example of creating awareness and providing training at personal and grass andgrass It isanexampleofcreatingawareness atpersonal andproviding training THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI Unsafe-in-Delhi/) Source: (http://www.vagabomb.com/Safe-Houses-for-Women-Who-Feel- A teashopdisplays asafe houselogo

47 SAFE PUBLIC SPACES 48 SAFE PUBLIC SPACES CITY LEVEL Pro • • • • • • • Key features ofthedesignare: and activity. into anurbanpublic spacethathassurveillance local corporator, thestreethasbeenconverted Architects, Aundh Vikas Mandal(RWA), and Desai thisstretchandalongwithPrasanna grade tookaninitiative toup - Municipal Corporation having commercialactivities.some part Pune institute ontheothersidewith training dustrial aresidential areaononesideandthein- serves 3. ITIRoad, Aundh, Pune: spaces enhancedwithadequatelighting. streets have public ledtocreationofvibrant and greenpatches. market The pedestrianized include widewalkways, areas interactive/sitting in Noida 2. Market Streets atGreen Park and Malviya Nagar inDelhiand Sector-18 Pedestrianised Street, Malviya NagarMarket Street furniture andanti-skid tiles Street furniture Shaded withtrees Adequate lighting cycletrack 2.5m wideseparate frompedestrians. segregatesvehicular traffic andtwo wheelers 6.75m wideMVlanefor cars Footpath provided atacontinuous level for convenience anddifferently-abled ofpedestrians zoneA widefootpath (2.5-14m)tocreatewalkingplazasandhawkers The Aundh-ITI RoadinPune Streets have beenrevampedto ject creating-urban-space-with-design.html) Source: (http://prasannadesaiarchitects.blogspot.in/2011/08/2- Footpath designedasa ‘public space’. 52466961,width-400,resizemode-4/52466961.jpg) Source: (http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/thumb/msid- Market streetinSector-18,Market Noida Nagar Market Nagar Market street,Greens andseatingareasabutting pedestrianised Malviya and seatingalcoves aroundthetrees, chattingwell intothenight. andutilitieslocatednearby whiledozensrants ofpeople, sitonthebenches includingtheelderly last mileconnectivity. Transit Development (TOD) Oriented andthe for futureplanning, wherewe aretalkingabout a disturbingscenario, andapointofconcern feels safe aroundametro station.person Itis been difficulttofindagoodexamplewhere reversed. the situationasonestepsoutsideiscompletely patrolling andwatchedby CCTVsurveillance, lighted,being properly flanked by guards, police in thecityareaheaven ofsafety and security ferent times. While theinsideofmetrostations es areusedby peopleofallagegroupsatdif- interchanges andstopsisessentialastheseplac use. Safety attransport reduce public transport A well-designed publicfacility. spacecontinues tobeanexampleofidealpedestrian Bus Stops 3.4.2 To and From Metro Stations / Source: (http://prasannadesaiarchitects.blogspot.in/2011/08/2-creating-urban-space-with-design.html) The plaza”“pedestrian visitingtheshops, isbuzzing withactivity-youngsters restau- It is a crucial factorthatithas It isacrucial anditsfear isknownCrime to - THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI Source: (http://delhimetrorail.com/Pressrelesephotos/galry.jpg) Dwarka Sector-9,Dwarka MetroStation, NewDelhi Rajiv Chowk MetroStation, NewDelhi

49 SAFE PUBLIC SPACES 50 SAFE PUBLIC SPACES • • • lot While designingaparking • • design, takingintoaccountthe following: and qualityofpublic space. layoutsAll public andlocationsrequirecarefulconsidered carpark as cafes, newspaperkiosksetc. atornear them. stops. public transport These placescanbekept active by planningretail orcommercialusessuch • • • • • • • • stopsshould Area aroundmetrostationsandtransit CITY LEVEL Pro 3.4.3 Public Parking Lots 2. Lighting: pleasant safe placeswherepeoplestoptointeract. consideredtobeugly andinhospitable,lots aregenerally theymust befundamentally redesignedas relevance like streets, orplazaswhendesignedwiththesameintentandattention. parks As parking cars. tosocialprominenceand for parked Itcanrise lot doesnotneedtosimply bearepository intocomplex public space,lot canbetransformed thereby enlivening thepublic realm. A parking multi-tasking. ofpurpose/ tentially usedfor variety parking The simplelandscapeoftheutilitarian public space. lotsareusually notseenaselementsofdesign, Public parking but thesecanbepo- 1. Safety ConcernsandDesignElements: return totheirvehicles. return provided astheyleave for travellers and towers, canbe experience asafer parking By enhancinglightinginelevator andstair magnified. the building, lightingcanbefurther bright By paintingwallswhitetoreflect throughout hide. can to eliminateshadows inwhichattackers areas, andpedestrian nate driving andalso there shouldbesufficientlightingtoillumi- tospecificdestinations.direct accessby pedestrians andsightlines, surveillance ofnatural lightingrequirements and principles ensure highvisibility, alongtheroutestometrostations, activityandsurveillance bus stopsetc. provide public telephonesandtoiletfacilitieswithintheir closeproximity. offer legible passengerinformation, have visible fromthe street, waitingareasclearly stops, be connectedtopublic transport have pick-up/drop-offpointsatmetrostations, provide goodshelterandseating. be well-maintained and well litatnight The location and design of car parks canhaveThe locationanddesignofcarparks asignificantimpactonthesafety This canbeachieved pathsto through designingactive frontagesalongpedestrian Parking lots, oftheirvisualandphysicalParking accessibility, by virtue arecontemporary ject Source: (http://www.unitedsignsga.com/parking-lot-lighting/) Lighting in Parking Lot Lighting inParking • • • • 6. Natural Surveillance: commit acrime. inplacetostopthem,there aretoolsandstrategies andthattheyarelikely togetcaughtiftheydo iftheyknow that lot orstructure are much inaparking lesslikelyCriminals tocommitacrime safety. However, thereisoneessential finalstep: program security inany communication. parking • • • 5. Othersecuritytools: • • 4. Surveillance: • • 3. Landscaping reasonable safety. facilities,may beallthatisneededtoprovide In someparking surveillance adequatenatural ofthefacility. lotenhancesthesecurity Any activityadjacenttotheparking facility. facilityorinsidethebusiness associatedwiththeparking side oftheparking garage, itappliestopeopleout- lotorparking Not only doesitapply topeopleintheparking facility. thatisinornearaparking It appliestoeveryone areasandenhancesecurity.in parking as apowerful tocrime deterrent ence serve patrolsandheightenedpolicepres- Security pressing thepanicbutton. justby pickingupthehandsetor personal Provide parkers’ directaccesstosecurity buttons. phonesandpanic Installation ofemergency vital thattheybeconstantly monitored. effective,These systemscanbevery but itis areas.parking to make iteasiertomonitoractivitywithin Installing closedcircuittelevisionsystems can’thidebehindthem.tackers or lotsisthinnedoutandkept low soat - garages Any parking vegetation surrounding excellent hidingplaces. High, andtreescanprovide denseshrubs Each of these active and passive security measures can play a critical role in parking roleinparking Each oftheseactive measurescanplay andpassive acritical security THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI Emergency Phones Emergency CCTV asElectronicSurveillance direct-line-security/) Source: (http://codeblue.com/airport- loads/2014/03/20150330_112611.jpg) Source:- (http://www.libertysecuritysolutions.com/wp-content/up Source: (https://in.pinterest.com/pin/118289927696176065/) Landscaping in Parking lot Landscaping inParking police/services) Source: (https://www.geneseo.edu/

51 SAFE PUBLIC SPACES 52 SAFE PUBLIC SPACES CITY LEVEL Pro new openspace for thepublic. for creatingsafe,strategy completestreetsand “Pavement Program” toParks withtheoverall 2010. Now thesearebeing designedunderthe were in conceived andinstalled inSanFrancisco America. public parklets formal The world’s first are comingupincreasingly across and Australia into moregreenandsociable spaces. Parklets spots roadside parking toconvert ing programs • • • • • are Parklets also actaseyes onthestreet. public spacesthatholdpeopletogetherand neighbourhood interaction. create Thus parklets tion, safety andactivity, pedestrian andfoster - transporta non-motorized encourage Parklets ing, landscaping, andpublic art. bicycleparking amenitieslike publicvided withpedestrian seat- • • aredesigned; Parklets replaced withparklets. spacescanbe roadsandparking Underutilized area. intoapublic gathering space converted enon: 1. Parklets as New DesignPhenom- are publicly accessible andopentoall. zations, businesses, residents,- andcommunity organi funded andmaintainedby neighbouring more openspace an innovative andinexpensive way tocreate ofthestreet.better balancefor allusers easily implementable approachtoachieving relatively alow-cost, street life activities. enoughtoaccommodatevibrant large where theexistingsidewalkwidthisnot arelackingor urban parks around them, inplaceswhereeithercurrent relax andenjoy theatmosphereofcity to provide apublicto placefor passersby Cities around the world areintroduc- Cities aroundtheworld The spacethuscreatedispro- isanonstreetparking A parklet ject Parklet inDowntown,Parklet Los Angeles of-fresh-air-in-london/) Source: (http://inhabitat.com/portable-parkedbench-parklet-injects-a-breath- at Parklet Tooley Street, London Source; (http://www.wikiwand.com/en/Parklet) klet.jpg/1200px-SFParklet.jpg) Source: (https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/SFPar at Parklet Valencia street, SanFrancisco klet.png) Source: (http://peoplest.lacity.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/635_par A Parklet inIvano-Frankivsk A Parklet - - Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S.A. 2. From Parking Lot to Hot Spot in • • • • ofactivitiesasakey component.variety awide a flexible public spacethatsupports that any development ofthesiteshouldinclude activitydowntownand community-oriented and was hugedemandfor moredynamic, inclusive, share. could becomeaplacethatallMilwaukeeans can beliefthatthislocation there isalsoanemerging center, hotel, historic andmajorretailers), but of key downtown destinations(aconvention spot” inthearea. bothasa was described “black hole” anda “sore lotinanareaoftwo acres.surface parking It pied by thenewpublic spacewasacity-owned Milwaukee. occu- The sitethatisnow partially unconventional public spaceindowntown Skool. by projectpartner project crafted True The sitewasalsohometoasmallmural events, etc. place for music, dancerehearsals, storytelling public spacebecamea The newly carved people, notcars. thatthisareawasnow aplaceforersby andpass- communicate tousers It clearly delineate astheprojectsite. oftheentirelotwas An L-shapedportion Designers discovered thatthere Designers Not only doesithave anumber “The Spot4MKE” isthemost THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI Source: (http://smartgrowth.org/from-parking-lot-to-hot-spot-in-milwaukee/) Public gathering to celebrate sixmonthsof tocelebrate Public gathering The Spot Source: (https://www.pps.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/DSCF0873.jpg) After: The Spot 4MKEMilestoneCelebration kee/) Source: (https://www.pps.org/blog/from-parking-lot-to-hot-spot-in-milwau- Before: Lot The Public Parking Source: (https://www.pps.org/blog/from-parking-lot-to-hot-spot-in-milwaukee/) withvolunteers artists Mural

53 SAFE PUBLIC SPACES 54 SAFE PUBLIC SPACES l-anand uwy eoe renovation before subway Ill-maintained Source: ((http://www.biggdesign.co.uk/Bigg_Design/Bigg_Design_-_Cumbernauld_Underpass.html) CITY LEVEL Pro • • • Source: (http://www.getwestlondon.co.uk/news/west-london-news/gallery/dukes-avenue-subway-refurbishment-9744626) renovation before Entry • • • cial light. They shouldbecleanandwell maintainedatalltimes. with theexitvisible from theentry,- lightintroducedintothecentreandhighlevels ofartifi natural 3.4.4 Subways 2. Craiglinn Underpass, Cumbernauld, Scotland 1. Chiswick, London local ownership andcreatingavisually interestingjourney.local ownership designwasalsocreateddepicting localscenesandlandmarks,A mural increasingthesenseof The useofLEDlightingthatchangescolourfrom dusk untildawn enhances afeeling ofsafety. greatersafety anduse.to encourage asakey routetoschool, thatserves underpass apedestrian The projectaimwastoregenerate walkway.with LEDlightinginstalledtocreateabrighter Much-needed repairworks, hasgiven asplashofpaintandnewflooring itfresh look It hasbeenrefurbishedtoprovide betterandsafer access for peopleon foot. pedestrians. andsafe walkway intoavibrant for subway hasbeentransformed A neglectedandrun-down Where subways areunavoidable, aspossible theyshouldbeaswideandshort ject Proper lighting and artwork afterrenovation Proper lightingandartwork Entry afterrenovation Entry deputed 24x7 toteachthoseinterested. and safe throughinstallationofhugepaintingsdepicting various Yoga postures andaninstructor which would now becalled ‘Yoga Subway’. Itisaninitiative tomake thesubway visually appealing subway inConnaughtPlace has taken pedestrian uptobeautifyDelhisubways istheSansadMarg that theNewDelhiMunicipalCorporation few public artworks One ofthefirst • • Public ArtinSubways: (http://esvc000225.wic048u.server-web.com/projects/Doncaster_Underpass.html) 4. Doncaster Underpass, South Yorkshire, England • Source: (https://thespaces.com/2016/01/28/amsterdams-cuyperspassage-tunnel-brings-art-to-daily-commute/) and cyclistpathway Segregated pedestrian • • • 3. Cuyperspassage, Amsterdam community andinclusion, perceptionofsocialinclusionandsafety. awarmer encouraging enhancecivic engagement and feeling of whereas murals,graffiti ofart mosaicsandother forms withstreet thatlackcareandupkeep arepronetoactsofvandalismandmarked Corridors role ineffective place-making. afeeling ofsafety totheuser. ofdesignandcolourimparting ing withvibrancy Itplays acrucial The otherwiseplain, longanddeadstretchesofsubway wallscanbemadeaesthetically appeal- for pedestrians, cyclists, accessingtheunderpass. schoolstudentsandcommunity members thefulllengthoftunneltoenhancevisualexperience runs LED lightprojectionwork tothespace. path andaddsvibrancy wallofthe foot- thecurved BoomOfficecovers A beautifulblue designedby mural theIrma edgeofthefootpath. alongtheraised run lightsandLEDsthat well astheinclusionofbright on theleftsideandcyclistsright—as are oftraffic—pedestrians throughtheseparation The designemphasizes safety andcomfort tion thatlinksthecitywithIJ-river. the underneath Sta- Amsterdam Central isatunnelrunning The 360-foot longCuyperspassage THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI LED lighting and mural paintingsenhancesafetyLED lightingandmural

55 SAFE PUBLIC SPACES 56 SAFE PUBLIC SPACES a soig oain f h Subway the of location showing Map the OuterCircleinConnaughtPlace. CITY LEVEL Pro used asnightshelter. oftenitisfound being guardsandvery is absenceofany security signal makes iteasierfor peopletocrosstheroadatgrade. There • • • • 5. Subway atConnaught Place (Near Rivoli Cinema), New Delhi nr t te Subway the to Entry

Baba Kharak Singh Marg subway. pointsofthe onallentry/exit activity andhumansurveillance It isusedsubstantially andheavy footfall ensureshighlevel of it safe for peopletouse. It iswell maintainedwithproperlightingandsignagesmaking efficiently. It isoneofthefew subways inDelhiwhichseemtowork from6:00a.m.It operates to8:00p.m. This subway at the confluence of Baba Kharak SinghMarg,This subway attheconfluence ofBabaKharak RadialRoad No.2 and However, notallusesubway, aspresenceoftraffic

ject Outer Circle Outer

Radial Road No.2 elmitie wt LD ihig n poe signage proper and lighting LED with Well-maintained ces o h Subway the to Access the movement corridor the movement corridor in Hindered sightlinesduetomany turns 6. Subway near American Center, Kasturba Gandhi Marg, New Delhi • • • • • • • Well-maintained withLEDlighting andhawking activity tothesubway allows for endtoview Wide entry Subway the of location showing Map Public art - wall murals have -wallmurals beeninstalledto make thespace aesthetically appealing. Public art subway. Inside, itemskeep thespacelively. sellingvarious hawkers eatingjointsatbothendsofthe outsideduetopresenceoffood vendors/ Human surveillance The subway always bustles withactivitybothinsideandoutside. andexitpointsmake thesubway safer touse. spanandvisible entry A short Maintained by NDMC,well lit. thesubway isvery Government buildings onbothsidesgive thesubway adequatefootfall. from6:00a.m.It operates to8:00p.m.

This subway nearthe CenteratKasturbaGandhiMarg. American KG Marg KG THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI Public Art installationinsidethesubwayPublic Art Food vendors presentatbothendsofthesubway Food vendors el i ad iil ety ei points exit entry/ visible and lit Well

57 SAFE PUBLIC SPACES 58 SAFE PUBLIC SPACES CITY LEVEL Pro citizens withoutany vehicular conflicts. in theevenings sothatthisplaceisavailable to zone Rajpath hasalreadybeenmadeano-traffic Gate lawns, asapicnicspot. serves of A part lawns aroundthestructure, known astheIndia I. the World War ing lost theirlives fighting for theBritish dur Army who the70,000Indiansoldiers commemorates much later, afterIndiagotitsindependence. It Another memorial, wasadded laterby thethen 10 years Viceroy, LordIrwin. The monument wasdedicatedtothenation in 1921anditwasdesignedby EdwinLutyens. India Gatewaslaidby theDuke ofConnaught zone.high-security The foundation stoneof processions andnationalevents andfallsinthe Delhi thathaswitnessedmany politicalrallies, ofthepoliticalprecinctNew This areaispart edgeofthe on theeastern ‘ceremonial axis’. Memorial, IndiaGateislocatedontheRajpath, calledthe Originally All India War Background: History 1. India Gate, New Delhi landscapes.and varied componentinpromotingsafety andhelpsinorientation. Signageisacritical their physical features, activitiesandusers. impliesinterest, Suchdiversity pleasure, stimulated senses sense ofeasyaccess, ofcleardirectionandwell-defined boundaries. are absent. circulationaslegible Legibilityisalsovitalforpathways efficientpedestrian convey a orpointsofreference arereducedoriffamiliarlandmarks increases aschancesfor gettingoriented imageofthespace.ersbys. clearandaccurate toform Feelingsofbeingunsafe Legibilityhelpsusers prolonged andpotentially rowdy behaviour islikely residentsorpass- tobenoticedby surrounding 3.4.5 Squares, Chowks, Places ofPublic Congregation • India GateasaPublicspace: in 2015, inhugenumbers. wherepeopleparticipated ofInternational It hasbeensitetocelebration Yoga Day onthe21stofJunesince itsinception A large expanse oflushgreen A large The mostsuccessfulplacesofpublic in congregationoffer somedegreeofdiversity astheir users by abnormal loitering A placeofpublic congregation discourages ject - top ofIndiaGatein1951 Aerial View of theRepublic Day inDelhitaken Parade fromthe India during1930’s part-1/) Source: (http://www.reckontalk.com/delhi-photos-old-historical-images-india- part-1/) Source: (http://www.reckontalk.com/delhi-photos-old-historical-images-india- • • • • • space? What makes IndiaGateasasuccessfulPublic • • • n h weekends. the on day,25,000 peopleevery anumber doubling isvisitedby atleast attraction This tourist couples andwomen tilllateinthenight. thronged withpeopleincludingfamilies, Lawns andgardensaroundIndiaGateare and actsaspassive surveillance. items andtoys increasesthelevel ofactivity selling food hawkers Presence ofvarious why itisperceived tobesafe even atnight. Police patrollingisoneofthemajorreasons ples ofsafe public spacesinDelhi. isoneofthesuccessfulexam- importance, India Gatebeingamonument ofNational state. and cultureofthecoastal heritage glorious 29th to1stMay,April the 2017tocelebrate India Gatelawns hosted ‘Odisha Parv’ from statesandaPhotoExhibition. various andassociationsof organizations cultural includingDelhibased gions ofthecountry PerformancesCultural fromdifferent re - by the ForcesBands,Armed Mela, Crafts festival thathadactivities like performances the &Broadcastingorganised Information of The Ministry Tourism of andMinistry 12th to18th August 2016. andheldattheIndiaGatelawns from rated oftheCountry, diversity cultural wasinaugu- mood&promoterich apatriotic generating Parv’,‘Bharat aweek longfestivities aimedat THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI Celebration of International ofInternational Celebration Yoga Day atthelawns jpg) Source: (http://drop.ndtv.com/liveblog/prod/773376/635704650512881531.. India Gateflanked by picnickers at-india-gate/) Source: (http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/no-filter/celebrating-odisha- Vending inthearea activity actsaspassive surveillance Source: (http://resize7.indiatvnews.com/en/resize/gallery/860_-/23512.jpg) Celebration of Celebration ‘Odisha Parv’ attheIndiaGatelawns Source: (http://resize0.indiatvnews.com/en/resize/gallery/860_-/23508.jpg)

59 SAFE PUBLIC SPACES 60 SAFE PUBLIC SPACES CITY LEVEL Pro amajorpivot ofthedesignRajpathwithIndiaGate forming Plan showing thestrongaxialgeometry

ject Rajpath Marg Rajpath PCR vans at4locations Vendors Along the path

Man Singh Road

Entry & Exit – more control more – Exit & Entry Only one point for for point one Only India Gate vehicular and pedestrian access Cordoned offfrom both THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI N • • • • and successfulpublicspace. Making IndiaGateasasafe visible policepresence. of safety wasestablished by public space. The assurance andinviting warm a very tions, ittothisday remains - itera and despitevarious This wasdoneinthe90’s Diagram). elements(Refer criminal to apprehendany fleeing Singh roadandJanpath cated, two each, alongMan Four PCRvanswere lo- side ofthehexagon. exit beingfromRajpath and the only pointofentry access,ular andpedestrian doned offfrombothvehic- the hexagonwere cor and active. Five pointsof and hasbecomevibrant around is acompleteturn Delhi, theuseofspace tions by thethenDCP - With few simpleinterven porous. ments asitwascompletely only by anti-socialele- abandoned space, used the90’sDuring itwasan -

61 SAFE PUBLIC SPACES 62 SAFE PUBLIC SPACES a soig oain f h monument the of location showing Map CITY LEVEL Pro 3.4.6 Places ofCultural, Historical and Tourist Interest Wide pathways withlandscapedlawns beyond theedges • • • • saint-at.html) Source: (http://delhi-heritage.blogspot.in/2015/08/lal-gumbad-is-tomb-of-sufi- The well maintainedMonument t s elmitie ad ure.Te eiet cam t s n cie area. crime no a as it claim residents guarded.The and well-maintained is It which connectstheslum. wall routewithapunctureintheboundary The pathwayashort oftheprecinctalsoforms hood. Facilitieslike seatingarrangements, signages, dustbinsarepresentfor public convenience. whichiswidely usedby thepeopleinandaroundneighbour The monument hasapark Lal Gumbadmonument precinctisabutted by aplanneddevelopment andaslumbehindit.

ject

Maharishi Dayanand Marg Dayanand Maharishi Outer Ring Road Ring Outer Lal Gumbad Lal Slum behindthe Monument Children playing inthepremises v1485370190/lal-gumbad1.jpg) Source: (https://res.cloudinary.com/purnesh/image/upload/f_auto/ Delhi Malviya Nagar, New 1. Lal Gumbad, 5:00 p.m. from9:00a.m.to visitors to ofIndia(ASI).Survey Itisopen ment underthe Archaeological saint andisaprotectedmonu- century. Itisthetombofasufi inthelate13th constructed oldest monuments inDelhi, The LalGumbadisoneofthe ofMalviya Nagar.of thefabric asignificantpart uments form Historical - - • • • • nrne o h monument the to Entrance rsne f signages of Presence a soig oain f h monument the of location showing Map

various places,various but thesearenoteasytounderstand. area. Itisclaimedto be anocrime guardspatrolthecomplextoensuresafety ofvisitors.Three security Signagesarepresentat the space. peopletouse inthecentreofmonument encourages Presence ofawell maintainedpark gate. spacehasbeenprovidedParking neartheentry Footfall isnotmuch onotherdays whenrecreationisthepurpose. Marg Fort THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI nrne o h monument the to Entrance Maintained lawns religious purposes. on for andFridays Thursdays numbers monument inlarge Peopleimportance. visitthe edificesofhistorical important still regardedasoneofthe remains merely asaruin, itis of India(ASI), thestructure under the Archeological Survey Delhi. A protectedmonument of theoldestmonuments in ghlaq in1354, isone thisfort Mughal kingFerozShah Tu- New Delhi 2. Feroz Shah Kotla, Built by the

63 SAFE PUBLIC SPACES 64 SAFE PUBLIC SPACES CITY LEVEL Pro 3.4.7 Parks, Water Bodies,Places ofScenic Attraction play vitalroleindeigning ofparks: tooccur,ties for crime itcancreatethepreconditionsfor effective control. Following parameters it provides peoplewithapositive imageandexperience. it connectspeoplewithplace; and andinteresting;it isdiverse it meetstheneedsofitsusers; • • • • • Map showing thelocationofButterfly Park 1. Butterfly Park, Saket, South Delhi ParksA. ofDelhi’sSaket Metrostation. cityofQilaRaiPithora. historic the part Itforms coordinated system, lighting improves thenighttimelegibility, useandenjoyment ofasite. emphasizing walkways, focal points, placesandbuilding entrances. gathering When plannedasa Lighthing: To improve safety, by thelayout lightingisakey factorbecauseitcanclarify ofapark older adultsandpeoplewithdisabilities. andwhoareoflower interior mobility, inthepark more vulnerable suchaswomen, children, for thepark. accessibilitytousergroupswhomay feelAn active edgecanalsoincreasepark Activity: ofsurveillance Anactive useandcreateaperimeter andvisible edgewillencourage ening. Clear sightlines: - whichtheymightfindthreat Allows thepresenceofpersons abilitytoverify ifpeoplecanseeaheadandaroundthem,markedly andifotherpeoplearevisible. Visibility: andsecurity. users’ Enhancespark feelings ofcomfort Perceptions ofsafety increase andcomfort. utes toasenseofsecurity Legibility: Itshouldbelegible and ausershouldbeable tofindtheway withease.- Itcontrib - eliminateperceptionsoffearWhile gooddesignwillnotnecessarily oropportuni for safety,While designingapark ensurethat: The Butterfly Park at Saket is located along Mehrauli Badarpur Roadandabuts Badarpur atSaket islocatedalongMehrauli The Butterfly Park ject

Children’s Park Mehrauli-Badarpur Road Mehrauli-Badarpur Butterfly Park

Westend Marg Saket MetroStation activity. as itisoccupiedwithpeopleandbustles with feel hours moresafe inthemorning The users est whichisconsideredunsafe whendeserted. • • • • • • reported tilldate. reported andhasnoincidentsofcrime safe by theusers Fort. ofSiri ruins isperceived tobe The park ofthehistoric acres (approx.) apart andforms 2. SiriFort Park, South Delhi • • • • • • • for people in the park tofeel safe.for peopleinthepark Presence ofguardsmakes itmoredesirable evenings beinghighly occupied. Widely usedby allagegroups, and mornings cleaned andmanicured. The lawns andlandscape areregularly tohavedestrians aclear visionatdistance. lines alongthelawns which enable thepe- Pathways arepaved andhave clearsight park. any illegalactivitytakingplaceinthe refrain Residents have and asenseofownership andfour-wheelers.ing for two-wheelers Authodity(DDA)- andhasadesignatedpark It ismaintainedby theDelhi Development Designated children’s whichiswell-maintained. play areainthepark Well-maintained withstonepaved walkways andlightpolesalongthepath. andsafety. ensurespassive surveillance Presence ofactivityatboth endsofthepark pointshave and food stalls, vendors Both theentry andisabutted by neighbourhood market. games villageroad. of safety. fromthe PedestrianAsian entry into thepark, thereby enhancingthefactor sides fromwherethereisclearvisibility isflanked by busy roadsontwoThe park from branching Marg.August Kranti isfromastreet tothepark The mainentry timings toit. andexit (DDA)Authority andhasnoentry It ismaintainedby theDelhiDevelopment The Park alsoconnectstoadensefor The Park Sirifort park hasanareaof6.75 park Sirifort - THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI Well-maintained pathways withlandscaping Clear sightlinesalongthepathway Map showing the location of Sirifort Park Map showing thelocation ofSirifort

August Kranti Marg

Sirifort Park Asian Games Village Road Village Games Asian

65 SAFE PUBLIC SPACES 66 SAFE PUBLIC SPACES

CITY LEVEL Pro Map showing locationof theNainilake 1. Naini Lake, Model Town, New Delhi B. Water Bodies gate neartheentry Presence offood vendors • • • • • • • tial areasuchasModel Town, Tagore andMukherjee Nagar. Park Grand Trunk Road Trunk Grand nearby, alsoensuressecurity. The presenceofHauzKhaspolicestation inside thepark. not allow any illegal activities to take place Residents have anddo asenseofownership lunch andrecreationalpurposes. ganisations. The employeesfor usethepark by manyas itissurrounded government or Receives theafternoons ahighfootfall during children andwomen in the evenings. Used by all age groups and is actively used by of all age groups in large numbers.of allagegroups inlarge byThe lake well-built issurrounded promenadeshaving clearsightlinesandisusedby people The RWA is active inupkeep ofthelake andhave strongsenseofownership. of Delhi(MCD)andismaintainedby Delhi It isowned by theMunicipal Corporation Tourism. Naini lake in North Delhiisencircled from allsidesby athickly populatedresiden - Naini lake inNorth ject - Historic ruins form abackdroptothegreenlandscape form ruins Historic Well maintainedpathways Naini Lake

Shaheed Ramprasad Bismil Marg Manual cleaningoflake totheLake viewofEntry Panoramic other suchactivities. mannerandrejuvenateGovernment haddecidedtobeautifythelakeitfor inanatural boatingand • • Panoramic viewofthelakePanoramic Entrance totheLake Entrance but itisasafe public space. At night, theareahasbeatpolicing. for tothelake thedifferently-abled. isnotfriendly The entrance There arenoCCTV’s installed islinedwithtallpalmtreesandwell kept andmaintained.The periphery Several initiativesSeveral have beentaken for theecologicalrevivalofNainilake. The Delhi Walkways aroundthelake THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI Residence rearsideandpathwayawidepromenade form

67 SAFE PUBLIC SPACES 68 SAFE PUBLIC SPACES 3.5 What makes for aSafe Public Space? CITY LEVEL Pro ofaminimum of50 squaremetresafterdusk.areas ofcomplete darkness arepresentinDelhi. categories spotshave spotsofvarious Dark beendefinedas total of700dark help themreclaimurban spaces, adequateandreliable street-lightingmust bemadepossible. A from steppingoutafterdark.a resultofwhichpeople refrain Therefore, toempower citizens and as comparedtosimilarareaswithoutimprovement. ing four decades, findsthatareaswithimproved 21%reductionincrime street lightingexperienced • • • • • ment ofasite. spaces improves thelegibility, useandenjoy- as acoordinatedsystem, lightingwithinpublic role in “situational awareness”. When planned 1. Lighting afeeling ofsafetythat encourage andcommunity participation. of theenvironment,andpromoteaccessible forandliveable crime places minimisetheopportunity and secure(Whitzman2008, p. 234; Foster2008). The key tosafer placesistoimprove thequality socializing inpublic places, enhancesocialcapitalandincreasethelikelihood ofpeoplefeeling safe mental design. Well-designed meetingand andmaintainedplacesfacilitatecommunity members ofasuccessfuldefensible space.”parts canbecontrolledandmitigatedthroughenviron - Crime “Defensible spacethereofisasocio-physical phenomenon. Bothsocietyandphysical elementsare unsafe. OscarNewmaninhisbook, “Design Guidelinesfor CreatingDefensible Spaces” explains: the risk of crime.the risk pedestrian’s senseofisolationandreducing Street lightingisessentialfor mitigatingthe making communities safe andliveable. tothecitizens hence ates asenseofsecurity streets androadsfacilitatesmobilitycre- lightingon Adequate andappropriate and Farrington, 1995, p116). in lance andincreaseusage(Clarke Tonry - used atnightcanimprove safety andsurveil lightingofpublic spacesandroutes Artificial ing landmarks. therebyplaces andbuildingcreat- entrances emphasizing walkways, focal points, gathering thelayoutIt helpsclarify ofthespacesby sculpture, aslandmarks etc.) points (fountains, buildings, bridges, towers, orientation. People canusewell-lit focal It increasessafety andaidsingeographic The lackofeffective and efficientstreet-lightingleavesand fearful, thecitydark as intheUKandUS, studiesonstreetlightinginterventions A reviewofvarious cover important Lighting plays avery have factors beenfound tomake aspacesafe or Presence orabsenceofcertain ject Buchanan street, Glasgow, GreatBritain Vanke ChongqingXijiuPlaza 33-jonathan-speirs/) Source: (https://www.lightzoomlumiere.fr/interview/effets-lumiere-bleue- ket-14325) Source: (http://blog.strollup.in/delhi/visit-places/Select-City-Walk-Sa- - The Waterfront Promenadeat Oslo,Aker Brygge, Norway arkitektur_photo-tomasz-majewski/) promenade-at-aker-brygge-by-link-landskap/10-stranden-aker-brygge_link- Sorce: (http://www.landezine.com/index.php/2015/12/the-waterfront- ture despite the large number ofinstalledstreetlightsinDelhi. ture despitethelarge - On anaverage spotsinDelhiareduetolackofinfrastruc about35% (over onethird)ofthedark • • • • children, andthedifferently-abled. elderly designed for thesafety ofallusers, especially For thisreasonitisvitalfor streetscapestobe accessing urbanfacilitiesandcentresofactivity. 2. Pavement &Street Design encroachment and removal ofany koisk unauthorized or ofroad tained even afterfrequenttarring constant heightabove roadlevel ismain- Maintenance ofpavements includesensuring by unsocialelements.tential sitesofloitering be redeveloped, asthesemay becomepo- ofshoulder.form Any left-over spaceshould Road spacemust notbeleftunused inthe hierarchies. ter toreinforce openspaceandstreetscape and provides aunified- recognizable charac a clear, coherentpublic domainstructure, aconsistentpalettethatcreates should form The paving andgroundsurfacematerials public use spaces thatisperceived unsafe anddeter street such pathways leadstounderstudies age walkingandcycling. Failingtocreates road thatoffer seatingfor reststopsencour Shaded pathways withhigh visibilityfrom Streets are the primary meansof Streets aretheprimary - THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI fc8718002.jpg) Source: (https://i.pinimg.com/originals/3c/c7/71/3cc771e08006597ffe8b2eb Street,Deaderick Nashville, Tennessee, United States Ellicott Street, Buffalo, New York medical-de-buffalo-niagara-new-york/Saket-14325) Source: (http://lepamphlet.com/2015/04/01/parc-lineaire-ellicott-au-campus-

69 SAFE PUBLIC SPACES 70 SAFE PUBLIC SPACES CITY LEVEL Pro ofcrowdform management, todealwith overcrowding. isdesirable text. Too much activityisnever abadthingasfar safety isconcerned. However, regulation, inthe andasenseofsafety atalltimes. ofcrime Places withincreasedlevel ofhumanactivityreducesrisk each otherandonpotentialcasesoflaw-breakers. ence ofamultitude ofusers, iscreatedwherepeoplekeep aneye ofself-securitization on aform 3. Activity • • • • • • • • safety. andcreatesasenseof the spaceisvibrant bats, musicians shouldbeplanned, suchthat haats, by performances streetartists,acro- Inside subways activitiessuchasweekly for womento createsenseofsecurity users. of ongoingactivitiesthroughtheday soas of users, easily accessible, andhave avariety other useswhicharefilledwitha multiplicity lotscanbedesignedalongwith Parking stopssafe. thetransit renders 24 hours stop design, especially thosethatareopen public-phone boothsinbus Incorporating and enjoy suchspaces. peopletouse public toiletstoencourage fountains,drinking publicand information placed seating, goodshade, interestingviews, Public spacesshouldbeprovided withwell- at regularintervals. Various kiosksorhelp-deskscanbeplaced an inbuilt safety factoratapublic space. on.carried imparts Legitimizingthehawkers outfor hawkingworked activitytobe Proper streetvending policy needstobe who utilize thespacein multiple ways. different groupsofpeople atdifferent times ity throughouttheday. in Sothatitbrings to bepopulatedby providing amixofactiv- increases efficiency, public spaces, thus, need ofusesinmixed-use facilities,Diversification . active andvibrant ning processtoensurethattheplaceis ofurbanplan- Mix land-useshouldbepart Decisions about the levels and types of activity need to be made considering thelocalcon- Decisions aboutthelevels andtypesofactivityneed tobemadeconsidering Crime at public places can be deterred by attracting by atpublic attracting placescanbedeterred Crime ‘eyes onthestreet’. Inthepres- ject Clayton Lane, Cherry CreekNorth,DenverClayton Co. Lane, Cherry Sorce: (http://www.swagroup.com/projects/santana-row/) Santana Row, SanJose, California, UnitedStates Sorce: (https://www.studio-insite.com/project/clayton-lane) • • • • • and aroundthem, andotherpeoplewithinvisible range. they mightfindthreatening, thisalsoimproves theperceptionsofsafety aspeoplecanseeahead inapublic spacewhichotherwise thepresenceofpersons toverify Clear sightlinesallows users rity. toasvisualpermeability.The abilitytoseeintoandoutofanareaisreferred 5. Controlled Entryand Exitpoints 4. Unhindered Sight-lines • • tant preconditionforactivitiestooccur. undesirable to anumber of “dead” areasthatarelikely tobecomedeserted,thusunwittingly creatinganimpor tively, theabsenceofalegible usealtogetherorlead andefficientcirculationsystemmay discourage routes willmaximizeA choiceofdirectandattractive legibility andphysical accessibility. - Alterna choices ofmovement (Bentley etal., toasphysical onasiteisreferred permeability 1985). well asroutestoandfromareas. The extenttowhichanenvironment allows peoplealternative place.” zen can inform itwithhis own meanings and connections. Then itwillbecome atrue “Above all, if the environment is visibly organized and sharply identified,then the citi- rounding streetsandhouses. views ofpathsandopenspacesfromsur shouldnotblockPlanting andtopography spots. clear sightlinesandavoid potentialhide-out lotslandscapingmust beallow In parking important. edgesare activity areasandalongpark routes,frequently usedpedestrian between parks,In larger clearsightlines alongthe ings incaseofchildrenplay areas. streetsandadjacentbuild- from neighboring openness isprovided, andmust bevisible degreeof ifaconsiderable comfortable usually feel more Small neighborhoodparks spaces andparks. publiccated anddesignedtooverlook open Buildings withactive frontages shouldbelo- ence, aneffective tocrime. deterrent streets andareasthatare entirely opento public use, yet itis, coupledwithvisible policepres- While accesscontrol, ofwell-defined intheform ingress andegresspoints, ismore difficulton opportunities. direct bothfoot inways andvehicular that decreasescriminal traffic locatedandwell definedentrances,Properly exits, fencing, landscaping andlightingcansubtly Visibility is an important factor in enhancing the users’ feelings of comfort andsecu- factorinenhancingtheusers’ feelings ofcomfort Visibility isanimportant Safety can be enhanced by providing users with a choice of entrances andexitsas Safety withachoiceofentrances canbeenhancedby providing users - Kevin Lynch, 1960 - THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI Sorce: (http://publish.illinois.edu/phlinstitute/files/2016/01/IMG_2867.jpg) washington-square-park.jpg) Sorce: (https://greenwichvillagehistory.files.wordpress.com/2011/11/ Green Lawns atIndiaGate, NewDelhi Washington SquarePark -

71 SAFE PUBLIC SPACES 72 SAFE PUBLIC SPACES CITY LEVEL Pro be safe. pleasing tothesensesbut isalsoperceived to the public realm. placeisnotonlyAn attractive etc., in ments suchasfurniture, public artwork views andvistas, ofele- andthearrangement andlandscapedesign,architectural the qualityof elements suchasthequalityof of various area and, inparticular, the combinedeffects ofan aesthetics relatestotheattractiveness 7. Aesthetics feel safer. itmustsurveillance, focus onhow peoplecan andgreater not only beaboutCCTVcameras would prevail(Mehta, 2014, p.60). Safety can- crime and withoutthepolicevisible security imagethattheareaisunsafe create thereverse police patrollingbut by overdoing this, might or be achievedcameras by having surveillance Feelingsecureinapublicsurveillance. areacan provide indirectcontinuousas CCTVcameras andvendors. of hawkers ence andeyes onthestreetwithpresence of thesuccessfulexamplesvisible policepres- feel exposed.offenders facing thestreet); feel safer andpotential users footpaths,overlooking andbuilding entrances from adjoiningbuildings, (for example, windows • • street” approachtoplanninganddesignis; 6. Surveillance crime cantake placeunseen.crime reduce thenumber ofisolatedplaceswhere and surveillance for informal to increasetheopportunities In thecontextofpublic space, such Automated surveillance India Gate, inNewDelhi, isone If public placesareoverlooked The essenceofthe “eyes onthe ject “The Bean”, Anish Kapoor’s masterpiece, “Cloud Gate,” otherwiseknown as operating-in-outdoor-park-with-people-in--image-11950851) Source: (https://www.colourbox.com/image/cctv-camera-or-surveillance- inJapan. inoutdoor park CCTV operating safety-nossa-cidade-priscila-pacheco-kichler/ Source: http://thecityfix.com/blog/how-eyes-on-the-street-contribute-public- Photo by MaxBashirov/Flickr. streetlife,inside buildings caneasily observe streetsaresafer. “Eyes onStreet” provide surveillance. informal When people bergamo-italy-studio-fink/) Source: (http://worldlandscapearchitect.com/piazza-verde-piazza-vecchia- • • • • • • • • spaces isamust. Having assistance at public access to emergency 8. nity safety andwellbeing. maintain public spacesarevitalfor commu- toclean,Management programs repairand cally appealingandinstillasenseofsafety. times totimeinorderkeep theaestheti- Public maintenance spacesmust beundergo Perkins etal., 1992, p. 29). people away (Shenassaetal., 2006, p. 1015; vandalized andkeep areasareless attractive theaestheticvalueofanarea;determines butes inthearea,factorthat isanimportant Vandalism,- orbroken attri suchasgraffiti ambience.creating userfriendly andtexturesalsohaveColours arolein spaces andmake themvisually engaging. pear clean. Itisagreatway toreclaimpublic People don’tusually messplacesthatap- usable by people. new life intopublic spacesandmake them hastheinherentcapacitytoinject Public art threatened be pressedby acommuter ifheorsheis function isthe “panic button,” whichcan asimilar A relatedtechnologythat serves the handset. justby pickingup personal cess tosecurity direct ac- These phonesprovide commuters phones.easily be installed are emergency toolthatcan active security An important Access to Emergency Assistance THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI Source: https://www.tradeindia.com/fp1788874/PVC-Police-Booth.html 01bdf3ab.jpg) Source: (https://i.pinimg.com/originals/ab/35/93ab359346527c3ed5e8617a9f Street in Agueda, Portugal bergamo-italy-studio-fink/) Source: (http://worldlandscapearchitect.com/piazza-verde-piazza-vecchia- Piazza Vecchia (OldSquare), Bergamo, Italy

73 SAFE PUBLIC SPACES 74 SAFE PUBLIC SPACES CITY LEVEL Pro • • • inthecity.services for women isastrongindicatorofthestate 9. Public Toilets • • • • • commercial streets and near transit stops.commercial streetsandneartransit visible. belocatedon These canstrategically shouldbeclearly areas andtheirentrances rather thaninisolated areas to hightraffic Public toiletsshouldbelocatedadjacent women. andnoattendantsareseldom usedby doors Toilets and dirty, that are dark with broken lets for women promoteswomen’s safety. The availability ofsafe andcleanpublic toi- perception ofsafety. to promotetheiruseandenhancepeople’s highly visible andaccessible locationssoas designed maleandfemale public toiletsin Public spacesmust beprovided withwell- oftheiruseandeffectiveness. should beundertaken mechanisms needtobewidely publicized inprominentpublic spaces; monitoring periodic However, thereisaneedtocreateawareness for these. Helplinesandotherhelpseeking level ofmaintenance. asdovisible policepatrolsandahigh curity they alsoactasasymbolofsafety andse- are notonly amatterofconvenience, but phones arealsoahighpriority. Telephones Accessible andeasily locatable, public tele- lotsandbus stops. can beinstalledinparking istakingplace.where theemergency These aredirectedtothespot personnel security sound,It immediately setsofanalarm and perception of safety. cilities arewell maintainedtopromotea There isaneedtoensure thatthesefa- facility. and women mightnotfeel safe inusingthe by men, loitering legitimises unnecessary next totoiletsmust beavoided asthis Positioning ofseatsandpublic telephones The glaring lack of public toilets The glaring ject Source: (https://www.flickr.com/photos/christineandpaul/5571236119) Toilets-1.jpg Source: http://duac.org/site_content/attachments/Hi-tech%20Public%20 Public Toilets toilet.jpg) Source: (http://www.sfbetterstreets.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/public- secured by the visitors ofthespaceitself(Schroeder& secured by thevisitors Anderson, 1984; Mehta, 2014, pp. 60-62). eas. andareprobably cameras better Spacessuchastheseare difficulttomonitorwithsurveillance • • • andfacilitators. key agentsofchangewhilelocalgovernments actasenablers to promotesocialcohesionandacultureofprevention wherethecommunity andcitizens arethe representatives, citizens’ groupsandcommunity organizations.citizen Itistheresponsibilityofevery organizations, NGOs, thepoliceandlaw enforcement agencies, educationalinstitutions, elected includinglocalandnationalgovernments, providers, ofstakeholders a widerange women’s service stake increatingasafer space. Creatingsafer ontheagendaof citiesfor allneedstobeputfirmly 10. Stakeholder’s involvement worked out.worked responsibilityfor safety inpublic spacesbyor Corporate contribution designneedstobe andtherefore, by localresidents. tant asitcanincreasetheirinteraction surveillance communities. Community involvement inplanninganddesignofneighbourhoodsisalsoimpor An areaissafer andresponsibilityfor whenpeople feeltheirrespective asenseofownership claimed public behaviour. spacelands caneasily become thefocus ofanti-socialandcriminal Clarifying for improving public‘ownership’ safety. andpublic spaceisimportant ofprivate Un- A park for example, itselfbyA park lotsofgreenincombinationwithilllitar characterizes whohaveThere aremany different setsofactors aroletoplay andwho have a THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI - -

75 SAFE PUBLIC SPACES 76 AREAS IDENTIFIED IN DELHI THAT NEED INTERVENTION CITY LEVEL Pro wavidyalaya Marg. Stretch,University ITO roads)and (service Vish- South CampusofDelhiUniversity, IGNOU inSouthMotiBagh,are Niketan Marg Other streetsinDelhithatarelistedasunsafe stretches. tage ofisolated, andpoorly-lit deserted,dark of suchcrimes. tendtotake advan- Criminals proper planningthatleadstotheeasyexecution absence ofany activityonthestreetandim- lighting, dueto inadequatehumansurveillance to crime. However, itisalsothelackofproper youngtions insuchsocietiesthatdrive people activists say thatitisthesocio-economiccondi- andmurdered. wasgang-raped old girl Social- These arethesamelaneswherea16-year havegirls towalkdaily togettheirschools. thatthe these dimly-lit streetsandworkshops addictsandanti-socials.for drug Itisaround and constitutethesoughtafterhuntingground typically dottedwithlower middleclasshomes, The dingylanesofKailashNagar, EastDelhiare unsafe for amidnightstroll.Delhi areclearly stretches inthecity. RecordsBureau (NCRB)studyreveals thatthestreetsof The NationalCrime for women. conductedby theDelhiPoliceAccording toasurvey in2011, therewere 650unlit and motorvehicletrendinthecity. theft continue toset an alarming unsafe Streets areparticularly daily intheyear 2015.cases beingreported suchassnatching, Streetcrimes robbery, molestation As pertheDelhiPolice, inthestreetsofDelhiwithabout151 incrime therehasbeenasteeprise 4.1.1 Streets public spaceunsafe.to makingthatparticular lead madeastowhatfactors outandobservations each oftheidentified case studieswascarried andarticles.Sitevisitsto Indiannewspapers invarious reported andothersafety concerns crime Under eachtypologyofpublic spaces, areasinDelhihave vulnerable beenidentified basedon 4. Areas identifiedinDelhithat need intervention ject Map showing KailashNagar • • • • • • Hospital Marg isflanked ontheother. Hospital Marg byKasturbaononesideandNetajiSubash Park hash Marg, wastaken upfor study. UrduBazaarroadhasheavy commercialactivitywhileKasturba Urdu BazaarRoadfromJamaMasjidtoKasturbaHospitalMarg, fromNetajiSub- whichbranches inOldDelhi Map showing UrduBazarRoadandKasturbaHospitalMarg Observations: • • Merits: Demerits: 1. CASE STUDY 1- Road and Kasturba Hospital Marg, Old Delhi usable. stretchmakes itmorelively and particular The activityandmixofpeopleusingthis stretch isperceived tobesafe. Urdu Bazaarroadbeingacommercial night. at The KasturbaHospitalEdgeisdeserted the stretch. of parts Discontinuous lightingoncertain Tree foliage limitslightingontothestreet. lit stretch. walkways withpoorly Undulated pedestrian reduces the safety. Lack ofactivityatKasturba Hospitalroad reduces theusabilityofthis stretch. Improper lightingatKasturba Hospitalroad The studyarealiesinthickly populatedwalledcityofoldDelhi. The stretchfrom Jama Masjid

Urdu Bazar Road THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI

Well litwithactivitiesalong Urdu Bazarroad light Dense foliage restricts

Kasturba Hospital Marg Hospital Kasturba Netaji Subhash Marg Subhash Netaji

77 AREAS IDENTIFIED IN DELHI THAT NEED INTERVENTION 78 AREAS IDENTIFIED IN DELHI THAT NEED INTERVENTION Observations: Ambedkar University whohaveAmbedkar University totake thisstretchdaily toreachthemetrostation. of theroadleadtolackeyes onthestreet. for femaleThis posesaconcern students studyingat wallsoneitherside tion isfound tobeunsafe asitisdimly-lit withnoactivityatallandhighboundary on other, followed by Church. The stretchfrom toKashmereGateMetrosta- Ambedkar University Map showing thestretchfrom toKashmereGateMetro Station Ambedkar University CITY LEVEL Pro • • Demerits: • Merits: • • • • 2. CASE STUDY 2-Kashmere Gate Metro Stationto Ambedkar University Foliage limitslightingonto thestreet. due tolow footfall andreducedactivity. the stretchbecomesunsafe anddeserted late evenings especiallyDuring afterdark, andevenings. inthemornings lege hours thecol- footfallIt hasconsiderable during visibilityontotheroad. wallhindering One sideofthestretchhasahighboundary night. during Due totypologyofbuilding use(government offices)thestretchismostly deserted theday.Due topresenceofcommercialactivitythestretchisactive during few vending stallsarepresent. very The approachroadhasvendingattheentry, activity(food stallsetc.) whilealongthestretch Metro Station Kashmere Gate The stretch has presence of on one side and government office Automobile market ject University Ambedkar Pedestrian walkway to Ambedkar University On-street parking along street On-street parking High boundary walls discouraging eyes onstreet wallsdiscouraging High boundary University stretchesalongChurchRoadleadingto Dark Ambedkar Street leadingtoKashmereGateMetroStation Scenario atnight THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI leading to Ambedkar University Absence ofLightpolesalongthestretchesChurchRoad Car parking alongtheStreetinfrontof Car parking Ambedkar University Residential landuseabutting University

79 AREAS IDENTIFIED IN DELHI THAT NEED INTERVENTION 80 AREAS IDENTIFIED IN DELHI THAT NEED INTERVENTION CITY LEVEL Pro 1. CASE STUDY 1-Dwarka Metro Stations • • • • List ofmetrostationsasmostunsafe forasperDelhiPolice; women commuters and perceived asbeingunsafe. in thecityincludingareasnearcolleges, schools, residential areasandmetrostations, thatwere unlit • • for womenDelhi were duetofollowing found tobeunsafe, reasons; particularly 4.1.2 To and From Metro Stations /Bus Stops them all the more vulnerable tountowardthem allthemorevulnerable incidents. common. Absence ofstreetlightinginmoststretches, especially nearthemetrostations, makes stretches inthearea,bylanes, areregularand lanes anddeserted instances ofpettycrime service an unsafe sub-city. casesofstreetcrime. several continues toreport Dwarka With many dimly lit in thesub-cityhave only grown, oftheresidentshereandlistingitas highlightingthevulnerability Map showing the location of Dwarka MetroStation Map showing thelocation ofDwarka stations in too lack properly lit roads and parking lots. litroadsandparking stations intoolackproperly -UttamNagar West, PunjabiBagh, , andMotiNagarmetro Delhi-ShadipurandPulBangush andNorth Central andNetajiSubhashPlacemetrostation Delhi-JahangirPuri North-West ham, and Karkardooma Anad Vihar - Metro stationsdespiteofreceivingheavy footfall lackproper lightingarrangements Akshard- ofanti-socialelements,Poorly litroadscanleadtoagathering tocommuters. thusposingrisk with noactivityleadingtosafety issues. litanddeserted The approachroadstoallthese44metrostationswere found tobepoorly All 10 metro stations in Dwarka are vulnerable for women commuters during nighthours. forduring are vulnerable women commuters All 10metrostationsinDwarka In August 2012, conductedby theDelhiPolice asurvey revealed over 1500areas doneby theDelhiPoliceA survey revealed that44ofthe125metrostationsin Dwarka isaresidentialareaofsouth-west Delhi. Dwarka crimes The incidence ofserious ject • • • • • Deserted walkways become an idealplacefor crime Deserted Deserted walkways thatremainun-litatnight Deserted Observations: Dwarka Sector-9 Metro Station Pedestrian walkway Demerits: very lessfootfall. very atnightandhaveAll roadsleadingtotheMetrostationarelonely stretchesthatarepoorly-lit Low level ofactivity at mosttimesoftheday. have look zero levelBoth theroadsemanatingfromentry ofactivityandwear adeserted can beseenflankingtheentrance. toMetrostationhasnovending activity,The entry andautorickshaws onlypullers e-rickshaw The areaaroundmetrostationisstilldeveloping withmany landparcelspresently lying vacant. THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI Approach tometro station Approach tometrostationlinedwithkiosks Dwarka Sector-10 Metro Station Approach tometrostation

81 AREAS IDENTIFIED IN DELHI THAT NEED INTERVENTION 82 AREAS IDENTIFIED IN DELHI THAT NEED INTERVENTION CITY LEVEL Pro Lot Map showing thelocation ofParking 1. CASE STUDY 1-Parking Lot behind Select Citywalk Mall, Saket, n to distantareas. lastmileconnectivity lotsfor upcomingmetrostationshasbetakenproviding toencourage parking ducted following Metrostations. frequentcomplaintsof snatchingandstalkingfromoutsideseveral Mandi House, R.K. Marg,Ashram JhandewalanandKarolBaghMetrostations. wascon- The survey leading tothemhave adequatelighting. These includethecrowded RajivChowk, Road, thoughtheroads lot ofalmostallmetrostationsinandaroundConnaughtPlacearepoorly-lit Capital havelotsandroadsleadingtometrostation. inadequatelightinginmetroparking Parking lots. at suchplaces. tosafety alsocontribute issuesofparkig Lackofelectronicandhumansurveillance • • mainly dueto- prone tocrimes 4.1.3 Public Parking Lots has beenfound tobeunsafeby largely women. (SDMC).South DelhiMunicipalCorporation It officecomplexesPark . by the Itisoperated requirementofthemallsandSouthern parking tothe MGF MetropolitanandDLFPlacecaters tween thethreemallsinSaket -SelectCitywalk, lack ofactivity. inadequate lightingand It may be noted that the recent decision of Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC)ofnot It may benotedthatthe recentdecisionofDelhiMetroRailCorporation doneby DelhiPoliceA survey statesthat44ofthe125MetrostationsinNational

The parked cars aretheidealhidingspots. cars The parked Women especially, aremorevulnerable lotsarepronetoviolentcrimes,Parking theftsandsexual assaults. These aremore This surface parking lotinbe- This surfaceparking ject Mandir Marg Mandir

Press Enclave Marg

Approach roadto theparking Shaheed Pankaj Juyal Marg Juyal Pankaj Shaheed ew Delhi Map showing the location of Basant Lok Parking Lot Map showing thelocation ofBasantLokParking Demerits: • • • • Merits: Unpaved andundulatedspaceaddingtodust 2. CASE STUDY 2-Basant Lok Parking Lot, Vasant Vihar, New Delhi • • • • Merits: ket association-2Femaleand4male guardsunderthemar Presence ofsecurity by CCTVcameras Surveillance act as informal surveillance. act asinformal can Presence ofamosqueinsidetheparking Mall andOfficespaces High footfall onalldays duetopresence of Stray dogscreateamenace Stray lotcreatesunhygienic condition. Garbage dumpedatfew placesoftheparking oflightmasts. working Irregular reduceclearsightlines. ofcars Haphazard parking

Munirka Marg Poorvi Marg - THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI nearby. areas due topresenceofofficesandmarket pvt. Ltd. demand lothasconsiderable The parking - Contractor is onaprivate VFS Globalservices (SDMC).nicipal Corporation The maintenance sq.mts. by theSouthDelhiMu- andisoperated Community Centreoccupiesanareaof7622 • • • Demerits: Parking alongtherearsideapproachroad Parking Two wheelerparking sults industanddecreasedvisibility. Unpaved and undulated ground surface re- No lightingandsignages guardsfor nightsurveillance No security The parking lotatBasantLok The parking

83 AREAS IDENTIFIED IN DELHI THAT NEED INTERVENTION 84 AREAS IDENTIFIED IN DELHI THAT NEED INTERVENTION any cinema hall during late night hours can be unsafe as a person can easily betargeted. canbeunsafe asa person latenighthours any cinema hall during complex,due tothepresenceofMultiplex andmarket alongwithsomeoffices. (SDMC).ated by the South Delhi Municipal Corporation demand lot has considerable The parking Map showing the location of Parking Lot Map showing thelocation ofParking CITY LEVEL Pro Scenario atnight Approach road to Parking Lot Approach roadtoParking Two-wheeler andFour-wheeler parking 3. CASE STUDY 3-PVRAnupam, Saket Parking Lot, New Delhi The parking lotatPVR The parking Anupam, Saket occupiesanareaof5221.6 sq.mts. andisoper ject

Pramod Mahajan Marg Saket Road Saket Defunct Light masts in Parking Lot Defunct LightmastsinParking Two-wheeler plaza inoneoftheareacentral parking The parking lotof The parking - • • • • Demerits Scenario atnight Inadequate lighting onapproachroads. Two wheelerparking lighting to spotsandactsashindrance Uncontrolled foliage createsdark parking isatowner’sparking risk. and charges in collection of parking sincerity arenotregular, supervisors Parking henceno Guards No security No lightingfor visibilityatnight sults industanddecreasedvisibility. Unpaved andundulatedgroundsurfacere- THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI Inadequate lightingonapproachroads. Deserted andillmaintained Deserted Unpaved lot parking

85 AREAS IDENTIFIED IN DELHI THAT NEED INTERVENTION 86 AREAS IDENTIFIED IN DELHI THAT NEED INTERVENTION Demerits • Merits CITY LEVEL Pro Map showing thelocationofPatel Lot Chowk MetroStationParking 4. CASE STUDY 4-Patel Chowk Metro StationParking Lot, N • • • The parking lotatthestationhasinadequate lighting,The parking whichmakes itpronetopettycrimes. Streetpolicestation,ment HouseandtheParliament hasbeenfound unsafe for women commuters. police station. street HouseandParliament the Parliament zone asitisnearto Located inhighsecurity Deserted atnightdue tolow footfall. Deserted subduedsurveillance. vides avery pro- lotticketing boothatentrance Parking mishappenings. Poor lightingmakes itmoreproneto The parking lotatPatel Chowk Metrostation,The parking - whichislocatedclosetotheParlia

ject Road Ashoka

Sansad Marg

Bus Stand infront of the parking Lot Bus Standinfrontoftheparking Ashoka Road Ashoka ew Delhi • been reported instances of crime in the parking lot which is considered very unsafe for women. lotwhichisconsidered very intheparking instancesofcrime been reported Auditorium. Fort the presenceofSiri lotbeinglocatedonbusy thoroughfare,The parking therehave Institutional Area. fort for Siri demanddueto Italsohasconsiderable lotisparticulary This parking Lot Parking Fort Map showing thelocationofSiri • • • Paved surface withdividers Demerits Merits 5. CASE STUDY 5-SiriFort Institutional Area Parking Lot, New Delhi greens but no definite marked parking bays. parking greens but nodefinitemarked Well-paved surfaceparking, segregatedby security. lotfor No guardspresentintheparking crime. and maketo thespacemorevulnerable Unkept shrubs, treesbecomehidingspots issue whenitisfully occupied. lotbecomes an The exitfromtheparking

August Kranti Marg THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI

Parking along entry fromroadadjacentto Marg August Kranti alongentry Parking Two to theParking Wheeler Entry Khel Gaon Marg Gaon Khel

87 AREAS IDENTIFIED IN DELHI THAT NEED INTERVENTION 88 AREAS IDENTIFIED IN DELHI THAT NEED INTERVENTION Map showing thelocationofsubway atLaxmiNagar CITY LEVEL Pro CASE STUDY 1-Subway atLaxmi Nagar, East Delhi DelhiFlyover),Ring Road(nearChirag RingRoad(near Andrews Ganj), , LaxmiNagaretc. Asaf (nearLokNayakAli Marg Hospital, whichisnow closed), BhaironMarg, CGOComplex, Outer differently-abled friendly. heavy traffic, compromisingtheirsafety. Many subways have issueofaccessibilityasthesearenot dingy subways continue to be avoided by amongst the people who prefer to cross roads at grade state ofitssubways compels peopletoquestionifDelhireally caresaboutwomen’s safety. and Dark • • • • • lying incompletedisuse. People usingsubways facefollowing difficulties; 4.1.4 Subways a few aredefunctandsome have addicts. becomeahangoutfor drug maintained poorly absence oflightingatnight, insidethesubways guards absence ofsecurity after sunset. Subways arehardly usedby thepeopleandleastby women whocompletely avoid these An audit conducted by Jagori, an NGO found Delhi’s subways highly unsafe for women. The In Delhi, examplesofunsafe, ill-maintainedanddefunctsubways includesubways at In Delhi, crossbusy mostofthesubwayroadsare facilitiescreatedtohelppedestrians ject Metro Station Laxmi Nagar

Vikas Marg Metro Station Nirman Vihar • • Demerits • • • Merits: • • • • maintained. activity itisheavily usedby peoplebut liesill- crossing roadatgrade. Duetohighcommercial than ensure thatpeopleusethesubway rather put upbetween thetwo-way roadaremeantto sides ofthebusy commercialstreet. Barricades Laxmi NagarMetroStationconnectsthetwo Observations: points. in front of the entry/exit parked due to cars laneisdifficult Accessibility fromtheservice way. Absence ofvending activitiesinsidethesub- ing by installingpublic art. ened upandcanbemadeaesthetically pleas- - of the subway can be bright The interiors on eithersideoftheroad. High footfall duetohighcommercialactivity exit pointsofthesubway. onallentry/ guardsandvendors of security intheform Presence ofhumansurveillance Lack ofPublic Art Well litandcleaneddaily ent for supervision. arepres- guardsand1electrician 2 security Timings: 6amto10pm The subway at near Vikas Marg THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI Missing handrail &broken staircase Missing handrail Clean &well guards litsubway withsecurity andexitpoints Vendors atallentry

89 AREAS IDENTIFIED IN DELHI THAT NEED INTERVENTION 90 AREAS IDENTIFIED IN DELHI THAT NEED INTERVENTION Demerits Map showing thelocationofsubway atPreet Vihar CITY LEVEL Pro • • • • • • • • • • intersection. atthesignalised prefer crossingroadatgrade junction, thesubway isnotusedmuch aspeople the otherside. Beinglocatedclosetothetraffic Community Centretotheresidentialareaon Preet Vihar MetroStationconnectsPreet Vihar CASE STUDY 2-Subway atPreet Vihar, East Delhi Merits Observations Subway is deserted during non-peakhours during Subway isdeserted subway Absence ofvending activitiesinsidethe level ofactivityontheresidentialside. pointsandlow onallentry/exit of vendors duetoabsence Lack ofhumansurveillance accessibility difficult. Very highandundulatedfootpath makes pleasing by installingpublic art. ened upandcanbemadeaesthetically - ofthesubway canbebright The interiors way. guardspresentinsidethesub- of security intheform Presence ofhumansurveillance Lack ofPublic Art. Well lit, cleaneddaily andwell maintained. ent for supervision. arepres- guardsand1electrician 2 security Timings: 6amto10pm The subway at near Vikas Marg ject Clean &well litsubway Very highfootpath Undulated footpath Vikas Marg • • • • generator ofsubway users. generator stop adjacenttothesubway actsasapotential utes tothenumber ofusers. Locationofabus - mosque onothersideoftheroadalsocontrib pura. Itisusedthroughouttheday. Presenceof office complexes andresidentialareaofJang- government Lajpat RaiRoadconnectingvarious Map showing thelocationofsubway atCGOComplex CASE STUDY 3-Subway atCGO Complex, Pragati Vihar, New Delhi Absence ofhandrails Demerits Merits The Subway hasclearaccessanduniform, distinctpavement for pedestrians. Absence of guards and ancillary facilities for pedestrians such as handrails on bothsides. suchashandrails facilities for pedestrians Absence ofguardsandancillary andexitpoints. atentry Absence ofvendors touse. more undesirable touseitefficiently.if difficult for pedestrians Unpleasantandshabby makes it appearance even Poor maintenancemakestounhealthy itvulnerable conditionssuchasopenurination, making The subway islocatedon Lala THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI Poor maintenance, uncleanfloors, litpassage-way poorly Paved surfaceattheentrance Lala Lajpat Rai Road

Barapula Flyover

91 AREAS IDENTIFIED IN DELHI THAT NEED INTERVENTION 92 AREAS IDENTIFIED IN DELHI THAT NEED INTERVENTION lence which is a rare but horrific happening. but horrific lence whichisarare RegimentsbesidesbandsoftheNavyArmy and Air Forcetake part. Bands,celebrations, Bands, inwhichMilitary PipesandDrums Buglers Trumpeters fromvarious Retreat ceremony, eachyear, whichtakes placeon29January theendofRepublic Day andmarks • • • places ofpublic by congregation inthecityareby natureofactivity, andlarge self-regulatory. They areconsideredtobesafe duetooccasions. ismoreofararity.An actofcrime Thus, the delhi-2604306-4.html modi-pranab-mukherjee-attend-beating-retreat-ceremony-in- Source: http://www.firstpost.com/photos/india-gallery/narendra- Beating RetreatCeremony, Vijay Chowk, NewDelhi CITY LEVEL Pro • • • • Foundation. It’sandwomen. acampaignagainstviolence ongirls Following were thefindings; Farell Researchin (PRIA)andMartha launchedby Society for(KBC) programme Participatory were inthecapitalfor researchtraining. These studentsareassociatedwithKadamBadhateChalo of thesemonuments (theRedFort,JamaMasjid, Humayun’s Tomb andQutubMinar)whilethey safety audit(PSA) ofthecountry, inatwo-dayparts participatory whichincluded23girls, took part and lackofusable public amenitiesetc. A groupof50schoolandcollegestudentsfromdifferent 4.1.6 Places ofCultural, Historical and Tourist Interest 4.1.5 Squares, Chowks, Places ofPublic Congregation maintained by thepolice. These spacesarerelatively safe astheseareself-governing andusually have law andorder planned well inadvance. These areusedfor spontaneousassembly, orfor anactivity inapark for example, aconcert tousepublic spaces.These areeasyandcomfortable Children have found that lax security can lead to ruining of the heritage walks. ofthe heritage Children have canleadtoruining found thatlaxsecurity issues.rity Toilets for women were uncleanandthefactthatthesewere maintainedby men, secu- raised ments. walls hadbeencompromised. were unmonitoredandeven Parks boundary waspoor,CCTV surveillance spotsinandaroundthesemonu andtherewere- many dark and therewere fewer women guardsandpolice personnel. sitesweren’t ofwomen, sensitisedenoughtosafety guards attheheritage concerns Security These spacesarealsoplaceofpublic amobvio- protestandmightbecomeunsafe during For example, the Vijay Chowk inNewDelhi, isaspaciousplazaandthesiteofBeating Squares, toitandarerelatively chowks lesspronetoactofcrime. have history In Delhi, suffer thesymbolsof capital’s fromlaxsecurity, heritage rich cleanliness ject nagpur-event-photos/498-world-cup-victory-celebrations-nagpur Source: http://www.mh-31.com/nagpur/beautiful-photos-nagpur/ Dharampeth, Nagpur Cricket World atLaxmiBhawan Square, Cupcelebrations • • • • • • Merits numerous art galleries, upscaleboutiquesandrestaurants. numerous art residential cumcommercialarea. Itisnow arelatively cum commercialareawith expensive tourist ofDelhiSultanatereign.century Inthe1980s, HauzKhas Village was developed asanupper class tothe13 traced a tombandpavilions built aroundanurbanized villagewithmedievalhistory • • 1. CASE STUDY 1-, New Delhi Observations Map showing thelocationofHauzKhasComplexwithLake • Demerits Attractive pointforAttractive tourists. andfauna.Rich inflora the lake Well paved andmaintained pathway along to beunsafe by itsusers. evenings,tivity during thesameisperceived However, duetodimlightingandlackofac - walking andjoggingby residentsofthearea. maintained greens. Itisused extensively for veloped withclean, widewalkways andwell well de- The areaaroundthelake isvery amidst thecomplex. Hauz Khaslake isabeautifulwaterbody Park throughtheDeer There isonly oneentry Timings: tosunset Sunrise Has nodirect accessibilityfromthefort. Hauz KhasComplexincludesawatertank(thelake), anIslamicseminary, amosque,

Africa Avenue

Outer Ring Road Ring Outer

Hauz Khas Village Hauz Khas Lake THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI Lake viewfromthefort Well paved walkway aroundthelake

Sri Aurobindo Marg th

93 AREAS IDENTIFIED IN DELHI THAT NEED INTERVENTION 94 AREAS IDENTIFIED IN DELHI THAT NEED INTERVENTION • • • • • These areassuffer mainly duetofollowing issues: 4.1.7 Parks, Water Bodies,Places ofScenic Attraction CITY LEVEL Pro notjustbeautiful,parks would but beusedwhenthey aresafe. usable tooand parks inDelhi,state ofpublic parks intodangerzones. whereby thefunandleisurespotsareturning a yoga centre, pitchandafood plaza, acricket theareais now frequentedby drunkards. Suchisthe standsasasymbolofwasted community resource.Lajpat RaiPark Onceplannedasa ‘fun zone’ with are Ridgearea, Yamuna Park, Biodiversity etc.Astha KunjPark, Park NagarCentral Krishna The Lala • • • Issues relatedtosafety inabove mentionedareasare: • • • • • • • • • Safety isusesare: safe enough.find cityparks the thirdmostunsafe place for children inDelhi. As per Times ofIndiareporting,even copsdonot As perastudyconductedby NGOPratidhi, have as openfields orneighbourhoodparks emerged against children, of instances of crime have in the parks. women and elderly reporting been several Women afterdark. donotfeel safe inthepark social elementsmakingthemahubofcrime. whicharethentaken over by anti- Absence ofactivityaftersunsetmake theseplacesdeserted Lighting andmaintenance. Night patrolling, These areassuffer dueto lackofpropersurveillance, There are reportings of police officers thrashed by agroupofassaulters. thrashed of policeofficers There arereportings Police failstostopanti-social elements inparks. theday. addictsandvagabondseven during These arehubfor drug West near Delhi -Park , Rohini, in PicnicHutPark , near Delhi - Park North-West Aman Vihar in Sultanpuri, Prashant ,Vihar Park in Japanese Park Delhi-BuddhaJayanti inRidge,Central Park atHauzKhas,South Delhi-DeerPark JahanpanahCityForest, Sanjay Van in Vasant Kunjetc. Delhi,North -BontaPark isgiven toRWA, for theupkeep andmaintenance ofpark andcharge ownership aresafer. whereResidents’Colony park Welfare Associations (RWAs) play anactive roleandconsiderable park. issafe butAt neighbourhoodlevelthismay itiseasytoensurethepark bedifficultatacitylevel usingthepark.Safety alsodependsonthestakeholders changewiththelevelSafety andscaleofpark. concerns Since littleseemstohave ofsecurity, changedinterms thereisaneedtomake the whichareconsideredtobeunsafe byThe otherplacesofscenicattraction thepublic In Delhi, thatareunsafe include: someofthepublic parks Many ofDelhi’s areunwatched, public parks underused, inaccessible andunsafe. There ject

and Analysis, May 11, 2017) guards, andexitsofthepark.own teamofsecurity (Daily News guardtheentry whowould inturns ficult tomaintainitssecurity. Tiredoftheincreasing number ofcrimes, their residentshad formed which facilitatesthemovement ofanti-socialelementshere. As Astha Kunjisahugearea, itwasdif- spread over a The huge park area has scalable walls, guards, inadequate lighting and lack of security andNew Hyde Park York’s Park. Central station. destinationssuchasLondon’s DDA onthelines ofinternational planstodevelop thepark Place metro Sant Nagar and Garhi village is a connecting link between the colonies and the Nehru (DDA). The park,run down coloniessuchasGreaterKailash, whichisborderedby bothaffluentand ends. Itisspreadover anareaof100Hectares&ismaintainedby theDelhiDevelopment Authority andpopularreligiousspotssuchasKalkaji tourist Temple, &ISKCON Temple onthree Map showing thelocationof Aastha KunjPark 1. Parks -CASE STUDY - Panoramic viewofthelawnsPanoramic Lala Lajpat Rai Road Rai Lajpat Lala The park has over the years become a site for crime such as robbery andsnatching. hasover suchasrobbery becomeasitefor crime theyears The park anumber of Placeandborders ofNehru issituatedinthe heart Aastha Kunjpark

Astha Kunj Park, East ofKailash, New Delhi

THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI Captain Gaur Marg Gaur Captain

95 AREAS IDENTIFIED IN DELHI THAT NEED INTERVENTION 96 AREAS IDENTIFIED IN DELHI THAT NEED INTERVENTION • • • • • Entrances fromneighbourhoodinthepark Entrances Merits CITY LEVEL Pro Entrances to the park fromabutting roads to thepark Entrances • • • • viewofwaterbody(nowPanoramic dried-up) Observations Two-three atnight. policemenpatrol thepark noguards. Currently Site officehavingandgovernment staff, private 87in number. No. ofGates=6(oneisclosed), 3gatesdirectly connectedtoabutting neighbourhood. Timings: 5a.m-7p.m. Presence of vendors along the pathways ensures that the park remainsactive. alongthepathways ensuresthatthepark Presence ofvendors remains active throughouttheday. placemetrostation stretchwhichconnectstheneighbourhoodareatoNehru A particular andpeopleofallagegroupsensurethelivelinessVariety ofthespaceandsafety. ofusers Placemetro stationinthevicinity.Kalkaji MandirandNehru theday duetoLotustemple, during withlotofvisitors ISKONA well-maintained park temple, ject Greens usedasrecreationalspace • • • • • Demerits no. 2. atgate Garbage andfilthduetothehawkers fear tousethepark. henceperceptionof Evenings aredeserted Unsafe intheevening duetolackoflighting. have lightingfixturesinstalledalongthepath. pathways donot Some of the subsidiary Open defecation by theslumdwellers. Lack ofsignagesoffer difficulty inorienting. THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI Gazebos asseatingspaces Open-air Theatre

97 AREAS IDENTIFIED IN DELHI THAT NEED INTERVENTION 98 AREAS IDENTIFIED IN DELHI THAT NEED INTERVENTION Delhi Development (DDA)Authority underPPPmode, inDecember2015. wasinnagurated up by Delhi Tourism and (DTTDC)inassociationwith DevelopmentTransportation Corporation only enhance the local economy the area. but also help change and upgrade The Adventure Park, set and Kalyanpuri, DDA proposedthecreationofacity-level destinationnearthelake thatwould not India, Nov 27, 2010). inthevicinityof Inordertorestoreasenseofsafety andsocialpride Trilokpuri ground. (Timesof nearthelake becamesiteforcrime The desolateanddimly-lit several surroundings sideandMayur eastern Vihar onthe Western side. With time, thelake begantobeusedasadumping CITY LEVEL Pro • • • • collected.rainwater Itwasdeveloped inthe1970sby DDA andopenedin1982. Park. Long before the area was colonized by the government, low-lying it was a natural area, where of approximately 17hectaresinthemiddleofa69forest area, alsoknown asSanjay Lake Trilokpuri in East Delhi, adjoining phase-II residential area. The lake is spread over an area Map showing thelocationofSanjay Jheel 2. Water Bodies-CASE STUDY -Sanjay Jheel, Trilokpuri, East Delhi

ing theday. The placeusedtobeso flanked by anti-socialelementsthatthere isproblem ofsafety even dur afterdark. unsafe andchoosenottousethepark andvulnerable The residentsfeel very addicts,ards anddrug aroundinthepark. whocanbeseenloitering However, evenings, during becomesaplaceofcongregationfor gamblers,- thesamepark drunk theday aroundthelakefor isusedduring joggingandwalkingby residentsofthearea. The park The lake is surrounded by and The laketheresidentialcoloniesofKalyanpuri issurrounded Trilokpuri onthe Sanjay Lake is an artificial lake developed by Delhi DevelopmentSanjay Lake is an artificial (DDA) Authority in

ject Chand Cinema Road Cinema Chand

NH 24 SanjayJheel - Lake view • • • • • • Demerits • • Merits • • • • • • • Observations age. Absence ofclearsightlines duetodensefoli- passing andindulgingincar thefts. Sanjay Jheelhassuffered duetopeopletres- wallwith theboundary The colony sharing prone tovandalism. stances ofpettytheft. are The facilitiesinpark have users beensubjectedtoin- The park evenings. during safe tousethepark donot feel litandhencetheusers It ispoorly crime. ing nightduetoreported menand5Police menpatroldur 2 military guardspatrollinginsidethepark.No security ing nighttime. intothepark, even dur leads toillegalentry wallsonsomestretches Broken boundary is gatedandensuressafety. The ononesideofthelake Adventure park tained greenareasfor itsusers. has an open gym and well-main- The park Very few benchesanddustbin. more mastlights. present. Work isinprogressfor installing 25 Very few streetlightsandmastare cleaned onceamonth. iscleaneddaily,The park whilethelake is wallsonsomestretches. Broken boundary guardspresentonly atthegates.3 Security other gatesremainclosed. gates.accessible through2main entry All but presently There are5gatestothepark Timings: 5a.m. to9p.m. - - THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI Park developed aroundthelakePark Open gyminsidethepark Broken boundary wall Broken boundary Entry through AdventureEntry park

99 AREAS IDENTIFIED IN DELHI THAT NEED INTERVENTION 100 design interventions/guidelines for enabling safe public spaces 1. Streets -Kashmere Gate Metro Stationto Ambedkar University 5. DesignInterventions/Guidelines For Enabling Safe PublicSpaces: is poorly lit. is poorly asit afterdark from university for womenexperience exiting station. unpleasant Itisvery commute toandfrommetro whofinditdifficultto girls tensively usedby women and (AUD) further, whichisex - Delhi Ambedkar University Women(IGDTUW), and Technical for University GandhiDelhi leads toIndira around thearea. momentinand pedestrian lotof Station whichgenerate and KashmereGateMetro sit nodes-InterBus Terminal - constitutesoftran area largely the typology-Streets. The ischosenunder kar University Gate metrostationto Ambed- The stretchfromKashmere CITY LEVEL Pro 1.1.2 Site the city. of nected totheotherparts hub ofoldcity. Itiswell con- makes itanactive bile market and thepresenceofautomo- Kashmere GateMetroStation Inter StateBus Terminus (ISBT), built heritage. The presenceof of area issignificantinterms ofOld-Delhi.Gate, part The Streets islocatedinKashemere thesafety of demonstrate Location 1.1.1 Context and 1.1 Mapping and Analysis This particular street This particular The sitechosento ject University Gandhi Map showing StreetleadingtoIndira Technical and Universty Ambedkar METRO STATION GATE KASHMERE METRO STATION KASHMERE GATE DELHI OLD

CHURCH ROAD LOTHIAN ROAD LOTHIAN IGDTUW/AUD ISBT UNIVERSITY AMBEDKAR St. JamesChurch legacy inthepublic life. thislost routetobring heritage be apotentialfor developing ofthisareawhichcan a part buildings form nificant heritage century. Manysig- historically of17th inbuilt- heritage rich ofwalledcitywhichis a part forms Ambedkar University mere GateMetroStationto ground 1.1.3 Historical Back -

The streetfromKash- LOTHIAN ROAD LOTHIAN Compound St. James Annexe, St. JamesChurch CHURCH ROAD Railways Office ofNorthern offences for traffic -Court Kucheri Source: Delhi The BuiltHeritage: A Listing, Volume 2, 1999, INTACH Delhi Chapter THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI Parish Hall,Parish St. James ChurchCompound National Cadet Corps Office National CadetCorps

101 design interventions/guidelines for enabling safe public spaces 102 design interventions/guidelines for enabling safe public spaces clogged due to loadingunloadingactivity. Issue: LothianroadandBadaBazaarare Duetopresenceofwholesaleautomobilemarket 1.1.4 Movement around Site CITY LEVEL Pro Lothian Road Church Roadleadingto Ambedlkar University Detail at ‘A’ Detail ject 1

ISBT BADA BAZAAR ROAD BAZAAR BADA

3 LOTHIAN ROAD LOTHIAN

CHURCH ROAD 3 1

Church Road market. road duetopresenceof wholesale automobile states. LothianRoadandBadaBazaarbusy connectivity tothewholecityandsurrounding nodesofthecityproviding good major transit and MassRapid Transit System(MRTS) form opments like theInter-state Bus Terminus (ISBT) egde ofthewalledcityoneastside. Devel- ofthecity.to otherparts an RingRoadforms cant andvitalwithrespecttotheconnectivity signifi- The KashmereGateareaishistorically

2

RING ROAD RING ROAD MADRASA 2 1.1.5 Movement Issues Vehicles infrontofshops andRitzCinema parked Station Kashmere GateMerto Detail at ‘A’ Detail METRO STATION KASHMERE GATE 1

2 LOTHIAN ROAD LOTHIAN 3 3 1 THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI Para-Transit modes outside Kashmere Gate Merto Station Para-Transit modesoutsideKashmereGateMerto the roadsmakingitunsafe andrisky. proper footpaths, have pedestrians towalk on movement.fects pedestrian Duetoabsence of Ritz cinemareducesthe effective widthanaf- infrontoftheshopsand abruptly are parked daya Niketan. Two-wheelers andfour wheelers create chaosandcongestioninfrontof Anto- The stoppagesforandautos cycle-rickshaws modes. Para-transit a needfor Intermediate inthisarea,umes ofpedestrians which creates hugevol- hubbring The vicinityoftransport

CHURCH ROAD 2

103 design interventions/guidelines for enabling safe public spaces 104 design interventions/guidelines for enabling safe public spaces CITY LEVEL Pro Station Kashmere GateMerto Pedestrian walkway alongSt. JamesChurch Pavement alongChurchRoad 1.1.6 Pedestrian Movement ject

1 LOTHIAN ROAD LOTHIAN 5 3 1 2 Railway Office Pedestrian walkway alongNorthern Pedestrian walkway alongresidential areas. Academy, ChurchRoad. walkway Urdu Absence ofpedestrian CHURCH ROAD 3 4 5 6 4 2 maintenance. related facilitiesarefew andlack for pedestrians. Pedestrianfort stretchescausingdiscom- certain widths andarediscontinuous in the pathways areofinappropriate like infrastructure The pedestrian ment andeducationalinstitutions. govern- bile market, important hub,of transit wholesaleautomo- mute tothisareaduepresence number ofpeoplecom- Large 6 1.1.7 Development around Site Ambedkar University Shops alongChurchRoad Kashmere GateMetroStation 1

2 LOTHIAN ROAD LOTHIAN 3 5 1 Nothern RailwayNothern Office Antyodaya Niketan St,. JamesChurch CHURCH ROAD 6 3 THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI 4 6 4 2 5 partially dead in certain areas. deadin certain partially and parts area active incertain mix ofbuilding usemakes the residential areas. This particular fices, educationalinstitutesand of commercial, government of- city. The developments areamix hubofthe animportant forms building changedandtoday it Over thetimeuseof (Blake S., 1991) were meantforamirs. low ranking whilesmallhouses great amirs and gate mainly housedprinces there statureinsociety. of inhabitants asperthehierarchy ofdwellings forhad variety its The walledcityofShahajahanabad The areanearKashmere

105 design interventions/guidelines for enabling safe public spaces 106 design interventions/guidelines for enabling safe public spaces CITY LEVEL Pro • Station outsideKashmereGateMetro Hawkers 1. Activity: 1.1.8 Safety Analysis • Tree visibility foliage restricting Shops alongRitzCinema Parked vehiclesParked alongfootpath 2. Unhindered Sightlines after dark. ing thestretchunsafe towalk the visibilitytodistancemak- alongtheroadslimits parked sity issuesoftreefoliage, cars towards theUniver Further further towards theuniversity.further drop ofactivityintheevening out theday but hereissharp joints, etc. areactive through- metro station. Shops, food outside tivities withhawkers The Streetisbustling withac- ject - • 3. Surveillance were reported. as theincidencesofcrime a policevanpatrolsthearea Currently human surveillance. properties, thereismeagre walls ofcertain boundary stretchesandhigh on certain Due toabsenceofactivities METRO STATION KASHMERE GATE

High boundary wallsalongChurchRoad High boundary Shops alongRitzCinema LOTHIAN ROAD LOTHIAN

CHURCH ROAD CHURCH ST. JAMES View infrontof gate Ambekar University spots-St.Dark JamesChurch, ChurchRd RAILWAYS NORTHERN OFFICE OF • 5. Pavement andStreet Design 4. Lighting • AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY FOR WOMEN TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY INDIRA GANDHIDELHI ill-maintained pathways. ways dueto walk oncarriage fort. Pedestrians areforced to discom- adds topedestrian stretches footpath incertain pathways andabsenceof Discontinuous narrow light sourceafterdark. the footpath hinderlightfrom lit.erly vehicles Parked along footpath areimprop- destrian women towalkafterdark. Pe- and dingymakingunsafe for stretchesaredark Certain THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI Absence offootpath alongUrdu Academy Shops alongRitzCinema

107 design interventions/guidelines for enabling safe public spaces 108 design interventions/guidelines for enabling safe public spaces CITY LEVEL Pro • Vehicles/Pedestrian Route 5. ofService Restricted entry • 4. Plaza • • Walk-way 3. Continuous Pedestrian • • ment 2. Proposed One-way Move- • 1. Traffic Island/Green Space 1.2 Proposal -Movement Structure pedestrian route.pedestrian this streettobeadedicated timings. It is alsoproposed vehicles atspecific service tothe have entry arestricted Church roadisproposedto sale automobilemarket, Due topresenceofwhole- active urbanspace. more usable, dynamicandan This ensuresplazatobe network.existing pedestrian spacesandthe surrounding Public plazaactsasalinkto and easeofmovement. comfort ensures pedestrian ofdesignwhich parameter walk-ways isanessential trian widthsofpedes- Appropriate functioning ofthenetwork. are vitaltoensureefficient system, facilities pedestrian To reinforce apedestrian zone onChurchroad. parking It isproposedtohave ano thian Road. the ChurchroadfromLo- a oneway movement along street, itisproposedtohave vehicular movement onthe To minimisetheinfluxof purpose. a greenspacefor recreational proposed whichalsoactsas ment, islandis atraffic To facilitatevehicular move- ject • • WALK-WAY PEDESTRIAN 3. CoNTINUOUS 4. PLAZA Green Space Island/ 1. Traffic METRO STATION KASHMERE GATE posed tohave no parking In additiontothisitispro- lowed onthisstretch. vehicles tobeal- No private

Church. Church RoadbehindSt.James spaces for four vehicles on LOTHIAN ROAD LOTHIAN -WAY MOVEMENT 2. PROPOSED ONE

CHURCH ROAD ST. JAMESCHURCH • 6. Pedestrian Junctions carriage ways. carriage ascomparedtothe materials be highlightedwithpaving Pedestrian Junctionsto PEDESTRIAN ROUTE SERVICE VEHICLES/ OF 5. RESTRICTEDENTRY TIONS 6. PEDESTRIANJUNC- RAILWAYS NORTHERN OFFICE OF AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY FOR WOMEN/ TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY INDIRA GANDHIDELHI THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI VEHICULAR MOVEMENT EXISTING TWO-WAY

109 design interventions/guidelines for enabling safe public spaces 110 design interventions/guidelines for enabling safe public spaces • • CITY LEVEL Pro 6. Pedestrian Junction • 5. Provision for Police Kiosk • 4. Plaza • ties andPublicPlaza 3. Provision for Publicameni- 2. Provision for Vending • 1. Traffic Island/Green Space 1.3 Proposal -Functional Structure • 7. Provision for PublicFacilities boundary wallstoensure boundary ed torepairandlower the ment andusers. It is suggest- moverelated topedestrian - vated by introducingactivities Church edgescanbeacti- crossings. ensured safe for pedestrian vehicular movement -tobe and Junctions ofpedestrian ible surveillance. avis- assistance andensuring A policekioskfor emergency scaping elements. with shadingthroughland- enhanced withseatingspaces network.the pedestrian Itis of apart joints andforms space for theexistingfood aspillout The Plazaforms infrastructure. pedestrian public plazatostrengthenthe wateroutletsand drinking Public facilitieslike toilets and ofhumansurveillance a part act as ‘eyes onstreet’ forming cater topedestrians. These ofkiosks,form shopswhich enhanced withactivitiesinthe Pedestrian canbe network significant in built heritage. and astheareaisrich art used aspacetodisplay public movement. Itcanalsobe connector for pedestrian A recreationalspaceanda ject VENDING FOR 2. PROVISION • 4. PLAZA Visual permeability. ROUTE PEDESTRIANISED Assistance tervals/ Access toEmergency 8. atRegular In- Surveillance • CCTV, Panic Buttons-linked Green Space Island/ 1. Traffic POLICE KIOSK 5. PROVISION FOR PLAZA PUBLIC AMENITIES AND 3. PROVISION FORPUBLIC space. to improve thelegibilityof to nearestpolicekiosks, Signages JUNCTION 6. PEDESTRIAN POST GUARD 8. 8. TURE/ LIGHTING 9. STREETFURNI- ASSISTANCE EMERGENCY ACCESS TO REGULAR INTERVALS/ 8.SURVEILLANCE AT WALL POROUS BOUNDARY CHURCH, LIC FACILITIES AT EDGES 7. PROVISION FORPUB- • 9. Street Furniture/Lighting street design. Itensuressafety. of asignificantpart form Street Lightingandfurniture THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI JUNCTION PEDESTRIAN • 10. Unhindered Sightlines sight lines ground level tohave clear to be8feet highabove the Canopies ofexistingtrees

111 design interventions/guidelines for enabling safe public spaces 112 design interventions/guidelines for enabling safe public spaces CITY LEVEL Pro Public toilet, Mumbai and PublicPlaza Provision for Publicamenities of people. Acts asmagnetfor congregation for Vending Provision tional spacewithseatingspaces. movement andactasanrecrea- space tofacilitatepedestrian vehicular movement. An open islandstreamlinesthe The traffic Traffic Island/Green space Source: (http://www.archdaily.com/792129/the-light-box-rohan-chavan) an anchorand activatestheedge. Plaza asanalliedfunctionacts ProposedPublicinfrastructure. sential componentsofpedestrian wateroutletsarees- drinking Public facilitieslike toilets and ject Key Plan

Source: (http://www.janpathmarket.in/) Public amenitiesandPlaza Traffic Island/Green space, Provision for Vending, Provision for Vending activityatJanpathmarket, NewDelhi LOTHIAN ROAD LOTHIAN boundary wall boundary ties atChurch edges, Porous Provision for PublicFacili- Pedestrian Junction the pathofmovement. able toensuresoftedges along - suggested tobevisually perme wall ofChurchis The boundary surveillance. ofpassive apart street forming pedestrians. These actaseyes on of kiosks, shopswhichcaterto hanced withactivitiesintheform Pedestrian canbeen- network crossings ensure safe pedestrian speeds onthesejunctionsto entiate andminimisethevehicular als anddifferent texturestodiffer highlighted throughpaving- materi movementHigh pedestrian are Key Plan - 3e207769890178004.jpg) Source: (https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/81/f3/8f/81f38f31f0b71ca THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI

113 design interventions/guidelines for enabling safe public spaces 114 design interventions/guidelines for enabling safe public spaces CITY LEVEL Pro 1.3.1 Aerial View ject THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI

115 design interventions/guidelines for enabling safe public spaces 116 design interventions/guidelines for enabling safe public spaces CITY LEVEL Pro View 2: View showing Proposed Public Toilet Blocksand Vending area View 1: View showing Proposed Traffic Island 1.3.2 Views View 2 View 1 ject KEY PLAN View 4: View showing Plaza View 3: View showing ProposedPublic Toilet Blocks and Vending area View 3 View 4 KEY PLAN THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI

117 design interventions/guidelines for enabling safe public spaces 118 design interventions/guidelines for enabling safe public spaces CITY LEVEL Pro View 6: View showing Street leadingto Ambedkar University View 5: View showing Streetleadingto Ambedkar University ject View 5 View 6 KEY PLAN View 7: View ProposedPedestrianised routebesidesSt. JamesChurch View 7 KEY PLAN THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI

119 design interventions/guidelines for enabling safe public spaces 120 design interventions/guidelines for enabling safe public spaces

CITY LEVEL Pro many adjacentinstitutions. arefor It isacommonparking andKhelGaonMarg. Marg Kranti lot islocatedon parking August Institutional Area Fort The Siri Marg.August Kranti institutionalong ment andprivate complexandmany goven- Sports Fort ofSiri College,Nehru part ing Institutefor Women, Kamla Complex, JijaBaiIndustrial Train- (BHEL), Auditorium Fort Siri HeavyLimited Bharat Electrical ofofficeslike comprise majorly Location 2.1.1 Context and 2. Public Parking Lots -SiriFort Institutional Area Parking Lot 2.1 Mapping and Analysis

SINGH MARG SINGH CHAUDHARY DALIP DALIP CHAUDHARY Siri Fort Institutionalarea Fort Siri

Towards MARG SAXENA BALBIR ject

Malviya Nagar

AUGUST KRANTI

MARG SITE

COMPLEX AUDITORIUM SIRI FORT KHEL GAON MARG GAON KHEL SHAHPURJAT

PARKING LOT INSTITUTIONAL AREA SIRI FORT AUGUST KRANTI MARG

ASIAN VILLAGE ASIAN

ASIAN VILLAGE ASIAN

wards To wards To

Towards MARG GAON KHEK Towards SIRI FORT SPORTS

COMPLEX South Ext.

AREA INSTITUTIONAL SIRI FORT Khel Gaon Marg as is fairly low. asisfairly Khel GaonMarg south. on The volume oftraffic on the west andKhelGaonMarg bound by on Marg August Kranti number ofcars. lotis The parking out would accommodate more however, lay anunorganized - allows for 93no.parking ofcars dark. lotandfinditunsafe after parking Many women employees usethis lot. fromthisparking reported Cases ofeve teasingwere guarded andfreefor everyone. areafor theseinstitutions. parking acommon lotforms parking nature.of public andprivate This the areaalsoconstitutesoffices facilities,recreational andcultural educational institutions, citylevel Lots.ogy -Parking from Apart a studyareaunderthetypol- as lotisundertaken parking Institutional Area Fort The Siri 2.1.2 Site VILLAGE GAMES ASIAN car The organised lotisun- The parking COMPLEX SPORTS SIRI FORT IAPPD go774_sirifo_g_20150122224902.jpg Source: (https://www.showincity.com/media/3339/bn- 2.1.3 Development around Site tribal Arts) tribal Fine Arpana Arts, (Academy of Folk& Auditorium Fort Siri 3 Bar CouncilofDelhi 1

6 4 1 KHEK GAON MARG GAON KHEK AUGUST KRANTI MARG NCRTC and AMDANCRTC HousingFederation National Cooperative ofFoodProcessingIndustries Ministry THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI 2 3 4 7 5 2 (AMDA) Development Authorities and -Association ofMunicipalities (NCRTC) Limited Corporation port -National CapitalRegion Trans- ofIndia Federation Housing -National Cooperative Rajyoga- Centre Kumaris -Bramha Arts) andTribal Folk (Academy of Fine -Arpana Arts Limited. Finance Corporation Housing -Delhi Co-operative -Bar CouncilOfDelhi opment (IAPPD) onPopulationtarians and Devel- -Indian - Association OfParliamen lot: the areaaroundparking events. Following institutionsabut whenthereare Auditorium Fort areafor Siri also usedasaparking institutions.ment andprivate Itis governLot provides- for parking InstitutionalareaParking Fort Siri 5 5 7 6

121 design interventions/guidelines for enabling safe public spaces 122 design interventions/guidelines for enabling safe public spaces 2.1.4 Safety Analysis CITY LEVEL Pro Exit for two wheelers lotfromthecorner totheParking Entry • • • 2. Activity points 1. Exit Controlled Entry/ • alongoneofthe entrance Hawker along the parking lot. along theparking wallandfence no boundary tive ofaccesscontrol. There is escape anddefeats theobjec- to anopportunity criminals gives Number ofentry/exit with any activity. unguarded andisdeserted whichare as four entry/exits lothasasmany The parking human surveillance. human surveillance. properties, thereismeagre wallsofcertain boundary Absence ofactivityandhigh day-time.during Very fewpresent hawkers ject 4. Lighting • • • • 3. Unhindered Sightlines lent in the parking lot. lent intheparking Full cut-offfixturesarepreva - provide afeeling ofsafety. Poor lighting, inadequateto places for hiding. maintained landscapeareapt Thick vegetation andill- lot.of theparking theboundary stretches form andtoewallatcertain shrubs walls,No Boundary but the Lighting fixtures Edge alonggovt. institutions andprivate

AUGUST KRANTI MARG KHEK GAON MARG GAON KHEK Shrubs edgealongKhel GaonMarg Shrubs View ofpaved lot surfaceoftheParking • • 5. Pavement andStreet Design: • • 6. Surveillance lot arewell-maintained. Footpath alongtheparking but someareasareunpaved. lotispaved ofparking Portion registered. ofeve teasingwere reports tomonitor,ning hours after theday tilleveent during - Police patrolling van pres- human surveillance. limitingthe at theentrances Very fewarepresent hawkers THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI Shrubs edgealongKhelGaonMarg Shrubs

123 design interventions/guidelines for enabling safe public spaces 124 design interventions/guidelines for enabling safe public spaces CITY LEVEL Pro lot.ment ofvehicles insidetheparking card punchingmachinewould ensuresmoothmove- incoming andoutgoingvehicles. with A boombarrier tomonitorthe booth isplacedattheentrance for thebuses. entry and aseparate The ticketing for thefour-wheelers, two-wheeelers, andbicyclists; points The designproposalprovides for entry/exit 2.2.1 Controlled Entry/Exit Points: 2.2 Proposal I-Safety Attributes ject Source: http://www.ckckiosk.com/parking-kiosk.php Tickecting Boothwithattendant booth-75hc.jpg Source: http://www.parkutblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/attendant- Tickecting Booth withClearvisibility the day. spaces arepopulatedthroughout lic spaces. Activities ensurespublic for pub- Eating jointsareanchors the edgestohave anactive edge. A hawking zone isproposedat 2.2.2 Activity Food Stallscreateeyes onstreet. Source: https://lbb.in/delhi/best-places-to-eat-sarojini-nagar/ THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI Source: https://lbb.in/delhi/best-places-to-eat-sarojini-nagar/

125 design interventions/guidelines for enabling safe public spaces 126 design interventions/guidelines for enabling safe public spaces CITY LEVEL Pro unhindered sightlines. visually poroustoensureclean wallproposedis The boundary 2.2.3 Unhindered Sightlines ject Boundary wall,Boundary Triveni KalaSangam wallatSardarPatel Marg Boundary activity. equipment todeterany criminal with clearsignageofsurveillance lance throughCCTVcameras - on streetandelectronicsurveil vending activitytoensureeyes with i.e humansurveillance The edgeisactivatedwithboth like CC surveillance TV cameras. through humanandelectronic element whichcanbeensured isanotherkey Surveillance 2.2.4 Surveillance includes-cctv-cameras-37241568.html council-run-shoppers-car-park-off-high-street- Source: http://www.alamy.com/stock-photo- THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI -tlDGZkDAT1hM: jACYQ_AUICigB&biw=1920&bih=1045#imgrc=- =X&ved=0ahUKEwjp2YCvqaTVAhWIKo8KHTi- DGZkDAT1hM:jpg&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa YQ_AUICigB&biw=1920&bih=1045#imgrc=--tl ed=0ahUKEwjp2YCvqaTVAhWIKo8KHTijAC 1bc2d.)jpg&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&v search?q=Signage-Cctv-SDL636475132-1- Source: (https://www.google. co.in/ cctv-hack/ Sourcew: https://www.wired.com/2012/05/

127 design interventions/guidelines for enabling safe public spaces 128 design interventions/guidelines for enabling safe public spaces CITY LEVEL Pro 2.2.5 Lighting ing consultant. oflight- representational andrequirestheexpertise The lightinglayout proposedinthisstudyisfully surfaces areevenly lit. to achieveinlightingdesignsothatthe uniformity and efficientallocationofillumination. Itisdesired ment, installation, requirement minimum energy like design,also addressesotherconcerns place- safety andhelpsinorientation. Lighting standards Lighting inanessentialcomponentandensures ject Source: http://lighting.cree.com/applications/industrial-and-warehouse urban India Source: Pg.38, BetterStreets, bettercities A guidetostreetdesignin light inthenightsky. ground andprevent spillageof fixtures todirectthelighton It isproposedtohave fullcut-off A guidetostreet designinurbanIndia Source: Pg.39, BetterStreets, bettercities THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI

129 design interventions/guidelines for enabling safe public spaces 130 design interventions/guidelines for enabling safe public spaces network. strengthensthe for pedestrians like seatingarrangements furniture ficiency ofthespace. theef- ensuring network destrian Public facilitiesenhances thepe- able innature. - lotsneedstobeperme parking use thespacemoreefficiently. to Designenables theusers versal which reinforces thedesign. Uni- provides arecognizable character systemand existing pedestrian of vending zonethepart forms CITY LEVEL Pro 2.2.6 Pavement and Street Design Proper shadeandstreet The paving for material The pavement designfor ject pin/338895940684232867/) Source: (https://in.pinterest.com/ search/lasn/2014/08/img/25945/25945-1.jpg) Source: (http://www.landscapeonline.com/re- projects/stockton/) Source: (http://www.factoryfurniture.co.uk/ place-dyouville/) Source: (http://www.claudecormier.com/en/projet/ 2.2.7 Miscellaneous security. sitance istobelinked tothelocal as- This systemofemergency visible inapublicclearly space. where theseareeasily accessible, Panic buttons tobeprovided sion. spotstoavoidof parking confu - boardsfor availabilityInformation andway-finding.to orient Signages provide information, help Signages tance: Access toEmergency Assis- site. onthe gested tobetransplanted lotaresug- road oftheparking The treesbetween theproposed lot.finished surfaceofparking a canopy about8feet above andproposedtohave conserved Most oftheexistingtreesare Tree Conservation etc. ing landscapesandpublic toilets stored andutilisedfor thewater water tobecollected, treated, gested thattheexcesssurface for futurerequirements. Itissug- andconserved water harvested It isproposedthatthesurface Rainwater Harvesting: -

Signage freeway-emergency-call-picture-id155381807) Source:(http://media.gettyimages.com/photos/

nallah Slope towards towards Slope THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI

Source: (http://nicolesingstar.tumblr.com/) 502010689689334803/ Source: https://in.pinterest.com/pin/

nallah Slope towards towards Slope Slope

131 design interventions/guidelines for enabling safe public spaces 132 design interventions/guidelines for enabling safe public spaces CITY LEVEL Pro • • • • • • • • andbicycles.wheelers for buses, four-wheelers, two- points and controlledentry/exit lotwithdefined public parking a The proposaldemonstrates Site Plan Bicycle parking=34Nos. Two-wheeler parking=44Nos Nos. Four-Wheeler Parking=101 Bus Parking=11Nos. Provision for: Total Area: 5465.00sq.m. 2. 3Proposal I cars withspacesfor Busparking * ExistingParking= Aprox. 95 hance thespace. Lighting andSignagestoen - to thesafety oftheplace. adds Electronic surveillance ensures visualpermeability. lotand secures theparking wall A porousboundary urban environment. people creatingavibrant tivates theedgeandattracts Proposed vending zone ac- greens inproposeddesign. Consolidation ofexisting and near-by areas. movement totheauditorium area easesthepassenger bays inbus parking barkment Pedestrian walkways/disem- movement. and bicyclistavoids conflict of buses, 4-wheelers, 2-wheelers for A segregatedparking lot. parking for the provides surveillance ing areaattheotherend rest- anddrivers’s entrance A ticketing boothatthe

ject KHEL GAON MARG GAON KHEL

AUGUST KRANTI MARG

TWO-WHEELER PARKING TWO-WHEELER 5.0M WIDE ROAD WIDE 5.0M

3.0M WIDE ROAD

BICYCLE PARKING BICYCLE

5.0M WIDE ROAD WIDE 5.0M

CAR ENTRY/EXIT CAR

5.0M WIDE ROAD WIDE 5.0M FOUR-WHEELER PARKING FOUR-WHEELER

BUS ENTRY/EXIT BUS BUS PARKING BUS THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI

133 design interventions/guidelines for enabling safe public spaces 134 design interventions/guidelines for enabling safe public spaces CITY LEVEL Pro 2.3.1 Aerial View ject THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI

135 design interventions/guidelines for enabling safe public spaces 136 design interventions/guidelines for enabling safe public spaces View 1: View showing Vending Zone View 2: ofCarparking View showing Entry/Exit CITY LEVEL Pro View 1 2.3.2 Views ject View 2 Key Plan

View 3: View showing CarParking View 4: View showing Bus Parking

View 3 View View 4 View Key Plan THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI

137 design interventions/guidelines for enabling safe public spaces 138 design interventions/guidelines for enabling safe public spaces CITY LEVEL Pro design. spacesinproposed of parking This give optimum utilization cupied. when thebus-bays areunoc- areparked,option wherethecars an The proposaldemonstrates Bicycle parking=34Nos. Two-wheeler parking=44Nos. Nos. Four-Wheeler Parking=161 car parking Bus Parking=Spaceutilizedfor Provision for: Site Plan 2.4 Proposal II

ject KHEL GAON MARG GAON KHEL

AUGUST KRANTI MARG TWO-WHEELER PARKING TWO-WHEELER

5.0M WIDE ROAD WIDE 5.0M 3.0M WIDE ROAD

BICYCLE PARKING BICYCLE

5.0M WIDE ROAD WIDE 5.0M

CAR ENTRY/EXIT CAR

5.0M WIDE ROAD WIDE 5.0M FOUR-WHEELER PARKING FOUR-WHEELER FOUR-WHEELER PARKING FOUR-WHEELER THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI

139 design interventions/guidelines for enabling safe public spaces 140 design interventions/guidelines for enabling safe public spaces CITY LEVEL Pro use ofthespace. for gathering, effective ensuring lot whichcanbeapublic space whole orinparts. can beputtocommunity usein entities. The spacethusavailable of food by andreligious charitable music performances, distribution haat/ weekly bazaar, dance, drama, camps, blood donationcamps, a size canbeusedfor educational For instance, thespaceofthis ofuses. space puttovariety occupied, asanopen itcanserve option whenthebus-bays areun- an The proposaldemonstrates Bicycle parking=34Nos. Two-wheeler parking=44Nos Nos. Four Wheeler Parking=101 Bus Parking=- Provision for: Site Plan 2.5 Proposal III Multi- tasking of a parking Multi- taskingofaparking

ject KHEL GAON MARG GAON KHEL

AUGUST KRANTI MARG TWO-WHEELER PARKING TWO-WHEELER

5.0M WIDE ROAD WIDE 5.0M 3.0M WIDE ROAD

BICYCLE PARKING BICYCLE

5.0M WIDE ROAD WIDE 5.0M

CAR ENTRY/EXIT CAR

5.0M WIDE ROAD WIDE 5.0M FOUR-WHEELER PARKING FOUR-WHEELER

PEDESTRIAN ONLY PEDESTRIAN OPEN SPACE OPEN THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI

141 design interventions/guidelines for enabling safe public spaces 142 design interventions/guidelines for enabling safe public spaces tion 3.1.1 Context and Loca sis 3.1 Mapping and Analy 3.1.2 Site CITY LEVEL Pro the day due topresenceofcommercial activityonbothsides andusedby allagegroups. ways Many LaxmiNagarSubway lackmaintenance andsurveillance. isactive andwell-used during Subway inDelhimostly have fixed timingswhentheyareoperational, whichlimitstheuseofsub- of thecity. which connectseastDelhitorest bankof to theeastern Yamuna, issignificantwithrespect corridor tion situatedon Vikas Marg. This near toLaxmiNagarMetroSta- the safety ofSubway islocated The sitechosentodemonstrate 3. Subway -Laxmi Nagar Subway The usageofsubways requireinputsatdesignstagetoensureitsefficientfunctioning. future. Badly locatedsubways canresultinhubofanti-socialactivitiesandhencebecomeunsafe for users. Location of the Subway is critical factor in determining itsusabilityandbeable in tothrive factorindetermining Location oftheSubway iscritical ject

LAXMI NAGAR - - METRO STN.

RING ROAD COMPLEX I.G STADIUM VIKAS MARG METRO STN. YAMUNA BANK

VIKAS MARG METRO STN. LAXMI NAGAR LAXMI NAGAR SUBWAY LAXMI NAGAR

VIKAS MARG Commercial edge along Vikas Marg lane Hawking alongservice Pedestrians usingsubway lane Coaching Centresalongservice Commercial edgealong Vikas Marg 3.1.5 Existing Hawkers Zone 3.1.4 Pedestrian Movement 3.1.3 Development around Subway population. alotofstudent The areaisalsoahubfor coachingcentresattracting volume inthisarea. highpedestrian Presence ofmetrostationgenerate stretches. Highly active commercialedge, withmix-usedoncertain hawkers which attract people making it vibrant throughouttheday. peoplemakingitvibrant whichattract hawkers street isactive duepresenceof throughout theday andevening hours lotofpopulationinandaroundthearea. attract market The lane. plyingto mixed intheservice traffic footpath. There isalotofcongestionandconfusioninmovement due onthe duetovehicles movement parked The pedestrian isobstructed Pedestrian ofthearea. intensityis high onthecommercialcharacter THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI

143 design interventions/guidelines for enabling safe public spaces 144 design interventions/guidelines for enabling safe public spaces 3. Unhindered Sightlines blocked vehicular parking. ity. Itlacksclearsightlinesdueto is chaoticandlacksvisualqual- The areaoutsidethesubway CITY LEVEL Pro ing itactive throughouttheday. mak- the Subway inviting further makes atallentrances of hawkers proaching streetvibrant. Presence Active edgesmakes theap- parked. duetocars obstructed Entrance points. front oftheentry/exit in parked is difficultduetocars lane Accessibility fromtheservice 3.1.6 Safety Analysis Congestion due to allmodesoftransport 1. Accessibility 2. Activity: Hawkers outsidesubwayHawkers ject 4. Surveillance Guards presentin thesubway installed inthesubways. but therearenoCCTVcameras Guards arepresentintheSubway Broken pavements pathways areill-maintained. onthem.with vehicles parked The discontinuous andobstructed the streetaspathways are mostly Pedestrians areforced towalkon 5. Pavement andStreet Design: Broken steps Structure: Roof THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI Interior of thesubway Interior and usable. tion tomake itmoreattractive - interven needurgent the interior and The structure, theexterior 7. Aesthetics: 6. Lighting: but lacksthemaintenance. oftheSubway iswell-litInterior

145 design interventions/guidelines for enabling safe public spaces 146 design interventions/guidelines for enabling safe public spaces CITY LEVEL Pro route andalongpedestrian entrances Dedicated hawing zone atallthe Hawking Zone: 3.2.2 Activity with clearsightline. Improving accesstothesubway Accessibility: ity zone. lane, proposedmulti- util- service vehicles toplyNo private in Movement: 3.2.1 Accessibility, Unhindered Sightlines, Pavement and Street Design 3.2 Proposal -Safety Attributes ject pedestrian experience pedestrian space. toenhance Streetfurniture Paving palettefor coherentpublic Pavement andStreet Design: 3.2.4 Lighting 3.2.3 Surveillance THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI

147 design interventions/guidelines for enabling safe public spaces 148 design interventions/guidelines for enabling safe public spaces 3.3 Proposal - Laxmi Nagar Subway CITY LEVEL Pro Site Plan: making themlively and safe. andusable attractive exteriors and Lighting tomake theinteriors insidetheSubway.cameras lance isprovided throughCCTV - subway whileelectronicsurveil through activitiesoutsidethe isensured Human surveillance inviting. es make subways and attractive Hawking- zones neartheentranc ease ofmovement. ensuring andvibrant be attractive andapproachroutesto Entrances allowed onthisroute. rickshaws, vehicle is noprivate bays for e-rickshaws,parking cycle utility zone, spacesfor hawkers, withproposedmulti- pedestrians Subway withdefinedroutes for a The proposaldemonstrates ject

TOWARDS

ITO

VIKAS MARG LAXMI NAGAR SUBWAY THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI

TOWARDS

ANAND VIHAR

149 design interventions/guidelines for enabling safe public spaces 150 design interventions/guidelines for enabling safe public spaces CITY LEVEL Pro 3.3.1 Sections: ject THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI

151 design interventions/guidelines for enabling safe public spaces 152 design interventions/guidelines for enabling safe public spaces CITY LEVEL Pro Plan -Existing Section- BB Section: Before (Existing)

VIKAS MARG ject Entry/Exit

SERVICE LANE Rickshaws/Pedestrians Parked Vehicles/ Service Lane conflict Walk-ways Pedestrian A Existing Roof Section: After (Proposed) Plan -Proposed Section- BB Subway atConnaughtPlace

VIKAS MARG Entry/Exit Multi-Utility

MULTI_UTILITY ZONE Zone THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI Wide Pedestrian Walk-ways Subway atKasturbhaGandhiMarg B Pedestrian Activity Vending Activity/Increased Improved Sightlines Canopy Revenue Generation Avertisement Panels-

153 design interventions/guidelines for enabling safe public spaces 154 design interventions/guidelines for enabling safe public spaces 3.3.2 Views CITY LEVEL Pro View 2: View showing hawking zone along pathway leadingtosubway View 1: bays below metrostation View showing para-transit

TOWARDS

ITO VIEW 1

VIKAS MARG ject VIEW 2 SUBWAY

TOWARDS KEY PLAN ANAND VIHAR View 4: View showing hawing zone along pathway leadingtosubway View 3: View showing pathway leadingtosubway

TOWARDS

ITO

VIKAS MARG SUBWAY

TOWARDS KEY PLAN

VIEW 4 ANAND VIHAR VIEW 3 THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI

155 design interventions/guidelines for enabling safe public spaces 156 design interventions/guidelines for enabling safe public spaces Option 2 Option 1 CITY LEVEL Pro more lively andattractive. can beways ofmakingasubway displays, andpaintings, arts graffiti Information ensures safety. through CCTV’s andsignages after dark. Electronicsurveillance vital roleinmakingthemsafe more attractive. Lightingplay a andcolourfultomake them brant the subway canbemademorevi- 3.3.3 Subway -Interiors The interiors of The interiors ject After After Before well thought out and aligned in-depth studies and analysis of the component parts ofthewhole. well thoughtoutandalignedin-depthstudiesanalysis ofthecomponentparts tempt toprovide abird’s eye viewofthecanvas ofpublic safety, andsetthestagefor demarcated, framework. intoanormative Itismoreanat- to addressalltherequirementsneededtranslate coreofthespatialalignmentssurroundings. from thecentral radials Byitselfitcannothope spaces, ofthe issuecontextualized elementsthatmakeas upthematrix thevarious andcorrelate orusers,tiative, providers provide adefinitionofpublic itattemptstoidentifythedifferent service influencingsafety aretotally nonexistent.being putasfactors cess ofidentificationandresolution. Thefacetofthe built environment andtheusesto which isit for whomtheentireexercise isundertaken,group ofpersons iscompletely missingfromthepro- framework. andacceptance oftheirrolesandresponsibilitieswithinthecommon let aloneanunderstanding tothedecisionmakingandimplementationprocesses, areparty agenda whereallthestakeholders there isnomappingofthecityonbasissafe andunsafe spaces. Additionally, thereisnoclear tion ofsafe spaces, andacommonactionplantoput thesolutionsinplace. lapse that Itisaglaring ecution. isthelitmus test-doallagencieshave Oneofthesimplest barometers acommondefini- inisolation.dealing withtheproblem work leadstopoorplanningandex- The absenceofsynergy problems intoany but cogentactionplanasalltheagenciesandinstitutions doesnottranslate responsible for theproblems ofcreatingsafety andthesolutionsthatemerge, ismissing. apublicmunity space, surrounding thatitpresentsarealso andthatthequalityofinteractions tions totheproblems, arecognitionthatsolutionsarebasedontheindividualfacetsofcom incidentsofcrime,to stray andthesubsequentpublic outrage. ing ofsafety inpublic andcommunity spacesispatchy andwhimsical, reactions basedonknee-jerk logues onsafety ofchildren andtheelderly, andthensafety ingeneral. As aresult,- theunderstand with theirstories. dia- onsafety effect The conversations ofwomen thatstarted ledtotheripple ofsexualassaultcases,limelight withtheincreasedreportage asmoreandvictimscameout 6. Conclusion This study has started fromthebaselevel ofthebuilt environment.This studyhasstarted As anascentini- rights holder, Astonishingly thefirst theuserofpublic spacesandthebodyor isresponsiblestudiesidentifying for random structure This lackofanormative required for holisticsolu- A clearestablishment of thedefinitionsandstakeholders Safety issuehas, inpublic spacesasacritical recently, comeprominently intothe THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI -

157 design interventions/guidelines for enabling safe public spaces 158 APPENDIX CITY LEVEL Pro 3. 2. 1. choice. The advantagesofwhite lightareasfollows: are a special group for whom the color of light is of added importance. light is a preferred sight distance. ofsocialsafety, Especially for thepurpose jects fromaparticular women andchildren comfort. (LOS) prerequisitefor riding could includeplantationsproviding shadeandwillalsohelpreduceglare. This isalevel ofservice ment shouldbedonethatwould helpcycliststouseasegregatedcycle facility. These treatments Indiansummers.concrete paving theday istheglareitwould inharsh Specialtreat- produceduring With theviewofluminance, choice. theuseofconcreteispreferred The disadvantageofusing of lightthatfallsonitbut by theamountoflightthatisreflected by theroadsurface(luminance).14 clutteronany given road. also reducethenumber ofpolesrequiredandthevertical atdifferent heightstolighttherequiredareawithluxlevels.the cycletrack This would facility isavailable. Two and luminairescanbemountedonapolelocatedbetween thecarriageway oftheroad. orthesideswhereasegregatedcycle verge ing onthecategory Itcouldbethecentral distance. heightandhorizontal luminaire mountedatanappropriate The locationofpolesisdepend- community fromscatteredlightisincreased. visual impactonthesurrounding the wholeareaandmay provide alignmentguidance. However, italsohasadisadvantageinthatthe way areassuchasinterchangesandrestareas. over lightdistribution auniform This lightingfurnishes preferable. Highmastlighting, specialluminairesonmastsof30m[100ft], high- isusedtolightlarge higher mountingheights, andinmostcases, mountingheights of10to15m[3550ft]areusually tion, luminairesaremountedatheightsofleast9m[30ft]. isimproved Lightinguniformity with Required Illuminationlevels for different typesofroads I. Lighting Standards(Urban Road Code) 7. Appendix It increasesannual savings. and thevisually impaired. alsowithtactilepaving for pedestrians providedIt easily createscontrast for thedifferently-abled In asegregatedfacility, iteasily distinguishesbetween thefastandslow moving zone. Cycle Track Residential StreetLighting Pedestrian Crossings Roads Particulars Street lightingshouldproduceenoughintensityrequired for facerecognition andob- notsomuch by isdetermined theamount ofacycle track The visibilityofthecourse Facilitation oftheabove mentionedlightinglevels would bedonewiththeuseof To minimize theeffect ofglareandtoprovide themosteconomicallightinginstalla- ject 20 lux 1-10 lux 50 lux 30 lux Illumination Levels Standards inSection02. In additiontotheabove, arequisite “dead width” zones, istobeaddedallpedestrian asperIRC Commercial Nodes: 4.00M Commercial/ Mixed Use Areas: 2.50M Residential Areas: 1.80M(minimum) flowby landuse,Since thepedestrian isdetermined the following sidewalkwidthscanbeapplied: Walking Zone Width, Source: Street DesignGuidelines, UTTIPEC II. Pavement &Street Design THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI

159 APPENDIX 160 APPENDIX • tion. - wall/any construc the edgeoffootpath/ boundary CITY LEVEL Pro • Tactile Paving, Source: Street DesignGuidelines, UTTIPEC • Continuous Pavement Design,Source: Street DesignGuidelines, UTTIPEC • Maximum Kerb Height, Source: Street DesignGuidelines, UTTIPEC • for otherpedestrians. discomfort to defect,impairment without causing too much withvision surface issufficient for almostallpersons • safety andacontinuous pedestrian sidewalk. cross thesidewalkinordertosupport even atcrossings. • level. • Finishedtoplevel and kerb heightfor allbus-stops tobe150mm. to exceed150mm. footpath level to100mmorlessisacceptable. Butundernocircumstancesistheheightoffootpath • • 150 mm(6”), Roads. 100mm(4”)kerb heightispreferable for Arterial • tactile paversarepreferable. the profiledoesnoterode away. non-glazed Vitrified • fromthesidewalks. • Remove allobstructions toentertheproperty. gentle ramp continue attheir samelevel, andcycletracks trian butvehicles themotorized have tomove over a • surface. yellow), nary withthesurrounding whichcontrasts so thatsomeonecannot miss itby steppingover it. Tcatile A A rough/matt-finish/anti-skid. All walkingsurfacesshouldbevery Tactile Tactile At Maintain Avoid In Cinsistency Maximum distance height case entry sidewalk paving paving tiles the of an points of height about should carriageway even of 600-800 must ject should design interruptions of surface of 5mm properties have be a be elements, mm pavement maintained for finished a and minimum to colour the elevation be by -

raised introduce color maintained minimizing level (including (preferably to 300mm ensure part and is of expected the “raised texture, of kerb, kerb from wide that pavement the ca-

walking cuts driveway”

to help rise i.e. at provide

surface, minimize during 150

or mm “table-top” visual

future top-of-paving) the or less continuity number re-carpeting,

from details of surrounding shall and - driveways where

reduction not calm exceed pedes- traffic, road that in

are peopleinwheelchairs. each otherwithouthaving togive way. 1800mm, minimum 1200mm, wide. topass This dimensionallows awheelchairuserandpedestrian at crossing points.visual obstruction of should allow a clear circulation corridor The line of furniture follow thisline. Bulkyobjectssuchaspostboxes shouldnotbeplacedwheretheywillbecomea standards definethemain zone ofobjectsinastreetandbollards, signsandpost boxes traffic can or streetthatiseasytomove along. lines. Elementsshouldbeplacedinstraight Forinstance, light not bump intoit. willresultinatidy, Goodplacingandcoordinationoffurniture legible pathway andurbansituations, outofthelinemovement,In bothrural placefurniture do sothatpersons • colors. routesarepicked outincontrasting and pedestrian • points. notgreaterthan100m atstrategic vided atintervals • with thesurroundings. • Seatsshouldbe480mmhighandpaintedtocontrast lean against. colours.and paintedincontrasting to Seatscanbeassimplewooden benchesorperch-typerails • 50metres. every Need For Resting Places/Seats • spaces. tant elementofpedestrian places -simplesitting areas withchairs, benches or stepswhereonecanhave abreak - isanimpor need torestatreasonably anddisabled pedestrians frequentintervals. ProvisionElderly ofresting andthoseusingawheelchairorpushingbuggy.with visualimpairments for persons for mostpersons,layering oftheseelementscanresultinanobstaclecourse particularly independently over timeandwithoutco-. Inurbanenvironments thecomplexityof picnic tables, bins, panels, information signs,andpostboxes traffic meters etc, parking oftenplaced ofelementssuchaslightstandards, environment consistsofadiversity intheexternal Furniture seats, Placing III. Street Furniture People As In It Along is commonly with helpful frequently who all street to can used people walk, used furniture, pedestrian

but with pedestrian with

sight seating areas, difficulty, problems ways, should

such

are

seating as if be often the these placed THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI one should more and access next other limited be to provided audited, amenity the in the footway

resting distance at areas regular without places adjacent they intervals, should can obstructing to travel walkways

typically be than pro- it, -

161 APPENDIX 162 APPENDIX CITY LEVEL Pro withtheirbackground. should becolourcontrasted above ground level colliding with the sign. prevents an unsuspecting pedestrian and posts The rail poles, ontwo locatedbetween vertical thepostsataround250mm atappingrail are supported travel sothattheydonotinterfere withthelineofmovement. Where eye-level signs, suchasmaps, such aslitterbins, telephones orletterboxes. Itemsattachedtopostsshouldfaceinthedirectionof itself. incolourandtonewiththefurniture which contrasts it isseenandshouldbehighlightedby meansofa75–100mmhighfeature, suchasacrestorband, IV. Colour and Contrast Percentage ofpeopleable/ withassistancemove atleastthestateddistancewithoutarest: IMPAIRMENT GROUPS Wheelchair Users Visually Impaired Stick Users Ambulatory withoutwalkingaid Ambulatory Ambulatory without walkingaid Ambulatory Stick Users Visually Impaired Wheelchair Users IMPAIRMENT GROUPS Furniture shouldbecontinuous togroundlevel.Furniture Avoid pedestal-mountedobjects incolourandtonewiththebackgroundagainstwhich shouldcontrast Furniture ject 18M DISTANCE 100% 100% 90% 95% 100M 50M 150M 150M Recommended DistancelimitwithoutaRest 68M 95% 00% 75% 85% 137M 95% 95% 60% 75% 180M 40% 50% 20% 30% 360M 15% 25% 5% 20 • • Legalactivityofcommercialnaturelike vending. • Complete test, A public spacefor acommonmanandfamily gathering. • Unless space/experience. Streetsarenotahappy pedestrian • Public ensuresmaintenanceofplacemakingitsafer. • Whenit’s developed andmaintained itisthePolice whosecureandmaintainthearea. • Inclusivityisthekey factorfor holisticdevelopment. • Vendor Policy –ofhaving adedicatedareafor vending whichiscleanandgarbagefree. • Well-maintained spacesmake themsafe. • space. –Public Community ensuresmaintenance–it’s Parks aparticipatory • toinvolve attheurbanlevel. It’s themediawhilemakingany designintervention important • Public Spacesarealsousedasaplaceto • • Comments: General Consultants: Kawale, Nancy Kirti Yadav, NishitaBaderia Commission(DUAC):Delhi Urban Art SeniorConsultant: RajenBaraya. Attendees: ofPolice DirectorGeneral (Retd.)Ms. KanwaljitDeol. Time: 3:00p.m. Venue: IndiaHabitatCentre, LodhiRoad, NewDelhi MINUTES OFMEETING-01 No.43(14)/2016-DUAC • ExitPoints. • ControlledEntry 1. INDIAGATE: 1. PLACES OFPUBLICCONGREGATION Following pointswere discussed: experience. Activityenlivens thestreetwhichenhancespedestrian crossingontheroads. usually Thevehicularignoresthepedestrians traffic • • tractive. • conditions. for legitimate form ofexpression – for legitimate form “Protests”.) Public spacesarealsousedasaplacetoprotest (For. eg; JantarMantar–wasapark, but now used economic background. V. Minutes ofMeetings There Public City India is Gate should space not Visibility. is very used a be a person “National a street for provision Wide can vendor Public experience variety for clean friendly Space”. of vending purposes: a as

space It they doesn’t space “Protest”. by

THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI contribute Ceremonial walking, belong which

makes there to to Function; anybody garbage, is an no Date: 23thNovember 2013 environment

point Republic

filth irrespective in leading making Day, safe

to of Place and a unhygienic any street to inviting. socio-

Pro- at-

163 APPENDIX 164 APPENDIX Media • Women andhencetheplaceisperceived tobesafe. andchildrenareclasslevelers Perception Issue: • PERCEPTION OFSAFETY These clusters. ResentmentfromJhuggi-Jhopri • inputattheplanninglevel. Ahalf-hearted • Sanjay Jheelwasinitially adumpingground. • • 2. ofexercise.¬ holders, mediawasalsoapart by INTACHRED FORT - Revitalization of open spaces of in 1990’s, involved stake- various scenebefore thepolice.reaches thecrime data,police whoreleasedthecrime whichnow haschanged. Mediaismorepro-active andattimes Seasonalfocus : NIGHT MARKETS canbeaneffective tooltoenliven aspace incaseofChandniChowk. • ForShahajahanabad, For ChandniChowk: Pedestrian movement shouldhave but it’s beenagreatexperience not. • stretch. Awoman would notfeel safe towalkwithherchildrenonthisparticular • movement ofpedestrian Notsafe andtraffic, interms • • 1. 2. STREETS areas. togetthevulnerable viaFacebook andsuchportals Survey well andwhichdon’twork. very whichwork Greater Kailashhasexamplesofparks hangaround. Badcharacters • • Trees have beenremoved, notdefinedanddesignedproperly 3. People involvement: 3. • Provision ofjobsfor JJinhabitants. 2. Forinstance, • • design process. 1. WHAT BEDONE?? CAN needstobeintroduced. security Private • Hence, thereisnosenseofownership. CITY LEVEL Pro

SANJAY JHEEL: Jami Masjid: MatiaMahalLane ASTHA KUNJ: –Residentsowns thespace. Sense ofownership Holistic Development: A holisticandinclusivesothattheyareincludedintheplanning approachfor JJdwellers were sensationalisation ject play areasfor childrenlike sand-pits. the

Variety incommodity market, people includingtheresidentsofJJclusters. focus shouldbegiven tothepedestrians. theprimary who has made were people dislocated feel

from that their Delhi butpointofview. safe fromcrime places is an unsafe to create capital. planned

Earlier colonies. it was

A • a guardofthespace. Walledlotsarenotdesirable, parking importance. Visibilitytotheroadsisofprime • • 4. PARKING LOTS: sure eyes onstreet”. In thiscase, highlevel ofcommercialactivityisrequired-basically amixed-use development to “en- – ismostly highrise ofDwarka The fabric police stationswheresanctioned. effective for nightactivities, Itisnotvery PCRvansaremoreeffective onbusy streets. • It’s helpfulinresidentialareas.¬¬¬ • • NIGHT PATROLLING: system. ofelectronicsurveillance agenciescanalsobepart Private • which reducethecostofinstallation) Creating itselfreducesvisibility Parking • • Dense • 1. 6. tobeable toseetheendofsubway. It’s important ofgarbagewhichmakes thespaceactive, Clearing • activity Vendors policytosupport • Activityensuresliveliness ofthespace. • criteria. Maintenanceistheimportant • • 5. SUBWAY lot whichwould helpinguardingit. Eg: metrostationsareidentified asunsafe. Dwarka • • commuters. is unable to provide DMRC should make network for a provision the service, for feeder bus service CCTV Man-power isalsoneedsanalyze therecordeddata. • expensive, CCTV’s arevery • • ¬ELECTRONIC SURVEILLANCE: the space. Bus • 3. HAUZ-KHAS:

HERITAGE SITES/POINTSOF TOURIST INTEREST APPROACH METRO TO person

As stops a – vegetation part Frighten a can in hub near of be for development placed the vicinity makes drivers target at to Hauz which a

to Metro higher of commit Khas Dwarka, could stations level unsafe. for eg: crime. be for women safety.

(a there THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI centrally to Improper Machan) lot, parking M-Blockmarket

(Dummy ensure

were andsafe. attractive located,

to 16 last lighting Cameras ensure police mile

where proves connectivity. stations visibility are they used to proposed, of be themselves GreaterKailash. to

the If a threat surveil the entire existing

but the for become parking not areas using bus all

165 APPENDIX 166 APPENDIX CITY LEVEL Pro out. 8. inNizamuddin Bastiwas alsopointed Project by RatishNanda toreclaimtheneighbourhoodpark pointed out. 7. Qilaby INTACHThe projectonPurana tomake theapproachroutemoreinterestingwasalso 6. HauzKhasLake revivalby INTACH wasdiscussed. 5. Masjidwasalsodiscussed. ofSatpulaDamneartheKhirki The history aging thepark. 4. involved sitewasdiscussedastowho arethestakeholders LalGumbadasasafe inman- heritage • • Projects doneby INTACH: • • • • • Problems areasareunsafe: duetowhichmany heritage There were 2Baghsat: JamaMasjidandDaryaganj Parda Baghwere madeespecially for women andchildrentobeusedaspublic spaces • • b. monument isfenced, Every but itdoesnothave guards. a.monuments Amazing 3. asithas: intoasuccessfulpark Mehrauli haslotofpotentialtobeturned Archaeological Park 2. Monuments shouldbemademorepublic. sightlines. 1. wallsingreenspacesmake themunsafe. Highboundary Placesneedtobevisible andhave clear The following pointswere discussed: Commission(DUAC):Delhi Urban Art Consultants:Kawale, Nancy Kirti Yadav Attendees: Dr. SwapnaLiddle, SeniorConsultant: Mr. RajenBaraya Time: 3:00p.m. Venue: IndiaHabitatCentre, LodhiRoad, NewDelhi MINUTES OFMEETING-02 No. 43(14)/2016-DUAC Includes designingplazasandpublic spacesincludingthewaterbodies. toHumayun’s fromRedFort Starts Tomb. Lack ofmanpower guards No security Monuments by different agencies There areLandowning agencies assafe public spaces areas tobeconverted is cited as one of the major problemsMultiplicity of forauthorities no improvements in heritage Lodhi Gardensarewell maintainedaslocalcommunities areinvolved. Gatewasfenced aswrongpeoplewereAjmeri doingwrongthings. ject Date: 6thDec2016 • • • • • • Following pointswere discussed: Commission(DUAC):Delhi Urban Art Consultants:Kawale, Nancy Kirti Yadav Employee,Training Department:Ms. Batra Shruti Employee, Safe DelhiCampaign: Ms. Sharma, Krati Ms.Director: GeethaNambisan Jagori: Attendees: Time: 11:00a.m. Venue: Jagori, B-114, Shivalik, Malviya Nagar, NewDelhi MINUTES OFMEETING-03 No. 43(14)/2016-DUAC tion/ data and their supervision throughouttheproject. tion/ dataandtheirsupervision Team for DUAC and cooperation initiative- ensured their full support and share informa Jagori can bemadefor thesame. of theidentified typologies(typologiesidentified by DUAC) areaddressedandaholisticproposal fromthesetherepresentatives suggested,Apart ifastudyareaisidentified inaway wheremost oflastmileconnectivityproject. istaken aspart area of500mradius metrostations, on thirteen wherethe It wasmentionedthatNDMChasalreadybeenworking which arehighly affected by crime. The representatives mentionedabouttheinitiatives inareaslike byBawana Jagori andBadarpur cal solutionstomake citiessafer for women andothers. withSafetipin, issuesincollaboration providingcentric anumber oftechnologi- asocialenterprise with respecttowomen by theorganization and notedthat a lotofresearchhasbeen undertaken andfunctioningoftheorganization outlinedtheadministration The representatives fromJagori project “The Enabling ofSafe Public SpacesinDelhi”. The DUAC Commission, Consultantsexplained theroleofDelhiUrban Art inregardtothe THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI Date: 2017 11thJanuary

167 APPENDIX 168 APPENDIX to observe thesuccessofproject. to observe has beenreducedby 60-70%. They alsoinvited DUAC toscheduleavisit theareaofMangolpuri 3. area, inMangolpuri thatcrime The representatives wheretheseinitiatives underlined were taken, • • • • About 100Safe Houses: ii. i. Delhi,east andnorth-west mostly inresettlementcoloniesof: The areaoffocus for theseinitiatives, outwaslocatedinsouth- wherethepilotstudieswere carried • • • 2. The representativesaboutfollowing fromPlanIndiainformed initiatives: project “The Enabling ofSafe Public SpacesinDelhi”. 1. The DUAC Commission, ConsultantsexplainedtheroleofDelhiUrban Art inregardtothe Following pointswere discussed: • • Attendees: Time: 12:30p.m. Venue: PlanIndia, E-12, KailashColony, NewDelhi MINUTES OFMEETING-04 No.43(14)/2016-DUAC CITY LEVEL Pro Mangolpuri Mangolpuri Madanpur-Khadar achieving crime freezones. achieving crime withPlanIndiaisvital in incollaboration Sustenance ofsuchinitiatives withhelpfromvolunteers the issueshighlightedby therepresentatives. Lighting specifically near women toilets, open manholes, over loadedgarbage bins were someof Act, andChildProtection Act. wereaboutdifferent alsoinformed actslikeThe volunteers Juvenile Justice Act, SexualOffenses Local Police officers, hawkers,rickshaw drivers, etc. of-Parents, projectcomprised for thisparticular A groupofpeopletrained Anganwadi teachers, Empowering children. inPublic Safety ofGirls Ensuring Transport. inPublic Spaces Safety ofgirls Ensuring Commission(DUAC)Delhi Urban Art Consultants:Kawale, Nancy Kirti Yadav State Manager, Delhi: Avik Swarnakar Plan India: Manager, Program ChildProtectionandGenderfor North West Region: Ms. Illyali Das, ject Date: 2017 13thJanuary 3. Projectsdone by INTACH torevive Mehrauli waspointed out. Archaeological Park 2. wallscutsightlinesdecreasing safety waspointed out. High boundary 1. elementinpublic spaceswasdiscussed. ofLightingasanimportant The importance The following points were discussed: Commission (DUAC):Delhi Urban Art Consultants:Kawale, Nancy Kirti Yadav Attendees: Dr. SwapnaLiddle Time: 3:00p.m. Venue: INTACH MINUTES OFMEETING-05 No. 43(14)/2016-DUAC these areas. areasandresettlementcolonies.thorized frompatrollingin women policeofficers This alsohinders 5. wasabsenceofPublic Oneoftheissueshighlighted by themembers Toilets for women inunau- ways, activityaroundpublic spaces, by densefoliage. lightingobstructed issues highlightedby Safetipin representatives were lackofeyes onstreet, walk- lightingofpedestrian and theircontinuity inpublic spaceswhichhinderthemovement ofvisually impairedpersons. Other 4. Someoftheissueshighlighted by therepresentatives were thetactilepaving intheapproachroads 3. Oneoftheprojects, INAanditsprecincts, wasdiscussedindetailby themembers. sites. the streetsinDelhiandalsofor 10heritage 2. The representatives fromSafetipinaboutdatabasedeveloped informed by Safetipin for mostof project “The Enabling ofSafe Public SpacesinDelhi”. 1. The DUAC Commission, ConsultantsexplainedtheroleofDelhiUrban Art inregardtothe Following pointswere discussed: • • Attendees: Time: 11:00a.m–1:00p.m. Venue: Safetipin, M-13/31, DLF-Phase-II, Gurgaon MINUTES OFMEETING-05 No.43(14)/2016-DUAC Delhi Urban Art Commission(DUAC):Delhi Urban Art Consultants:Kawale, Nancy Kirti Yadav gram Associate: Ms. Sonali Vyas Safetipin: Co-founder, Safetipin: Dr. Kalpana Vishwanath, Ms. Manager: Program Kriti Agarwal, Pro- THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI Date: 2017 16thJanuary Date: 1st March 2017

169 APPENDIX 170 APPENDIX CITY LEVEL Pro reference andinfer fromtheinitiatives taken by them. lines for public spaces. They alsomenetioned totake case studiesof Asian citieslike Bangkok for Ita wassuggestedtorefer SeoulManual onPublic spaceswhichcouldbehelpfulinmakingguide- distressed. •MHL:181 – SpotsinRohini–aproject by Safetipin •142 Dark bai •“Gender Sensitive tion withrespective localbodiesandNGO’s The associatesmentionedfollowing projectsandinitiatives taken by theUN Women- incollabora • CORO(focuses onsocietybasedequalityandjustice) • • ICRWCenterfor Researchon (International •PRAVAH(NGO) •(NGO) women). towards toendviolenceanddescrimination working •Breakthrough (HumanRightsOrganization The UN Women withdifferentonwomen non-government safety works organization issueslike: The following pointswere discussed: DUAC Consultants: Nancy Yadav, Kawale, ShilpiMadnawat Kirti UN Women associates: Jeevan, Krati Agarwal, Salina Wilson Attendees: Time: 10:00am Venue: UN Women Office, MINUTES OFMEETING-06 No. 43(14)/2016-DUAC AKSHARA (focuses onempowering women andgirls) A helplinewhichanalyzeshelptothe thecallscomingfromstressareasandoffers ject Toilets” withMunicipalcorporation, aprojectinMumbaicollaboration

Women) Date: 24thMarch2017 Mum- for south Delhiresidents. Last week too, a bodywasfound. “From gambling toconsuming drugs, at a maninhistwenties wasfound inJahanpanahCityForest, oneofthetwo biggestrecreationalzones dens. Bodieswere found inanotherDDA park. InSeptember, adecomposedandchoppedbody of theareasmeantfor funandrecreationintocrime guardsturned Lack ofproperlightingand security residentsguardtheareainshifts,”three tofour elderly hesaid. outadailyyears, withcanes. scheduletodeploy ourmenarmed we charted From 7amto10pm, hasbeenabreedinggroundfor criminals.“The park Sincethepolicecouldnotdomuch over the months ago. say. Vijay Jatyan, oftheteam, whoisincharge saidaman’s acoupleof bodywasfound nearthepark daily inandaround theDDAthatleadstoresidentialcolony, park dents arereported residents 200-acre it. andtheareassurrounding Astha KunjPark andchainsnatching inci- At leasttwo robbery security, residents of East ofKailash in South Delhi have a 20-member team to guard the formed yoga centre, pitchandafood plaza, acricket theareaisnow frequentedby drunkards. Tired ofpoor ground, massofnegligence.a dirty theDDAisfouracre Onceplannedasa park ‘fun zone’ witha standsasasymbolofwastedcommunity resource.The LalaLajpatRaiPark With broken swingsand Abhinav , Hindustan Times, NewDelhi|Updated: Apr 05, 201614:23IST Leisure Spots turning into crime playground dens any theFIR. problem inregistering thattheydidnotface satisfied withtheresponseofpolice. In86.66%ofthecasesvictimsreported andprovide support,”bers Kumaradded. The studyalsopointedoutthatmostofthevictimswere recording their statement. this process, with victims and their family During mem- interact counselors victims in counselling, for minor victims. support counsellors legal and other required support Pratidhi Centreandthecasesofsexualassaultwere tousfor referred providing Intervention Delhi asaCrisis in 20%casestheaccusedusedweapons toscarethevictim. “We of ineastdistrict were working four caseswere thatofboys. In20%cases, victimswere threatenedofbeingblackmailed whereas to the 11-15 age group,” said Yogesh NGO. Kumar of Pratidhi Of the total 60 cases of , used physical force atthetimeofincident. disturbingtoseethat46.66%victimsbelonged “It isvery government. revealed thatin75%cases,The studyfurther theaccusedeitherverbally threatenedor victim’s were satisfied withthepolice’s response but only 10%ofthemgotcompensationfromthe istered undertheProtectionofChildrenfromSexualOffences Act, 2012andfound thatmostofthe and in11.66%cases, thevictimswere taken tounknown places. analysed 60casesreg- NGOPratidhi homes, thestudyhasfound. In15%cases, theaccusedassaultedvictiminanopenfield orpark place attheaccused’s house, around23.33%ofincidentssexualabuse tookplaceatvictim’s Delhi, says astudyofchildrenwhofacedsexualassault. While 38.33%casesofsexualassaulttook have asthethirdmostunsafeOpen fields place orneighbourhood parks emerged forchildrenin Neelam Pandey andFaizanHaidar, Hindustan Times, New Delhi|Updated: Jan05, 201401:06IST Parks most unsafe for kids, says study VI. Newspaper Reportings/ Articles THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI

171 APPENDIX 172 APPENDIX Police says DelhiMetro one-third stations are unsafe for women CITY LEVEL Pro Rajiv Chowk, Road, Barakhamba MandiHouse, R.K. Marg,Ashram Jhandewalan andKarolBaghMetro thoughtheroads leadingtothemhaveare poorly-lit adequatelighting. These includethecrowded lotsatalmost allMetrostationsinandaroundConnaught Place statesthatparking report The survey and over 2,000casesofstalking were reported,fromoutside thesestations, in2014. national Capitalhave inadequatelighting. 500casesofsnatchings officialssaidthatnearly roads leadingtothestations, theDelhiPolice hasfound that44ofthe125 Metrostationsinthe lotsandon inMetroparking conductedtoassessthestatusoflightingarrangements In asurvey women, by theDelhiPolice. it’s timetorethink. one-thirdoftheMetrostationshave Nearly beenfound for “unsafe”, particularly stations. Ifyou believe premisesof the DelhiMetrostationsareoneofsafest placesinthecity, Rajiv Chowk, Road, Barakhamba MandiHouse, R.K. Marg,Ashram JhandewalanandKarol BaghMetro thoughtheroadsleadingtothemhaveare poorly-lit adequatelighting. These includethecrowded lotsatalmostallMetrostationsinandaroundConnaughtPlace statesthatparking report The survey Rakesh Ranjan, Mail Today, NewDelhi, 22,April 2015|UPDATED 11:09IST ago.four years All ofthemareinpoorcondition,” said Vohra. Azadnagar andthose in Anand Vihar are equally bad. less than “Swings were installedintheseparks Stadium. The projectwasthenstalled. ineastDelhi’s parks The corporation’s Nagar,Vishwakarma Nehru wastefromJawaharlal dumpingconstruction wasopened,park allegedly started authorities on wasscheduled tobeinaugurated August 15,complete andthepark 2008. Buteven before the pitchandafood plaza,cricket theareaisnow frequentedby drunkards. was Over 80%ofthework massofnegligence.the DDAisafouracre Onceplannedasa park ‘fun zone’ withayoga centre, a standsasasymbolofwastedcommunity resource.Rai Park ground,With broken swingsandadirty maintenance aswell. Broken swingsandslidessqualorareacommonfeature. The LalaLajpat in thepark,”drink said East Delhi’s RWA president BS Joint Front Federation Vohra. fail on The parks wheremiscreantscut thewiressothattheycanplay cardsor park Nagarcentral affair inKrishna either.security At places, miscreantsswitchoffthelights toescapepolicepatrolling. “It isaroutine said LajpatNagarUnitedSocietypresidentPawan Arora. don’tfarebetteron parks The corporation atnight,” hasbecome a site for consuming alcohol and drugs grown aroundtheswings and the park DDA’s insoutheastDelhi’s thesamefate. LalaLajpatRaiPark LajpatNagarsuffers “Weeds have the park’ssecurity. groupassistsDDA inmaintainingthe783-acreSanjayThe voluntary Van. Lohia, avisitor. Vinod Rawat, founder of Working withNature, hasbeenrequestingDDA toenhance ofbikers, addicts,” miscreantsanddrug stafffacilitatesunhinderedentry of regularsecurity saidSachin elements.“The wallsarebroken atplaces,andcriminal givingeasypassagetointruders The absence Agrawal. Another majorrecreationalspotinsouthDelhi, Sanjay Van in , hassimilarissues. sunset thisplacebecomesahomefor criminals,” ofJahanpanahCityForestpresidentSM saidFriends ject of unlitroads. is ahubfor anti-social elements. HauzKhas, for stretches Shahpur Jatvillage and NIFTarenotorious is managed ‘’informally’’ by thelocalpoliceandnearby restaurants. lotthat Itisnotjustthe parking area. andmaintenanceofthe parking responsibility for thesecurity According toofficialstheparking complex. in Delhi that no civic agency is willing to own Itspeaks volumes about the state of affairs the stretchaltogether,’’ shesaid. andexitjusttoavoid the gatefor entry The residents useaseparate inthearea.no lightingorsecurity andavoid after7.30pmandwe try The placeisabsolutely deserted resident of Asiad andalsofor couples.Village, lotisaregularhangoutfor drunks theparking ‘’There is Fashion Technology (NIFT), caneasily becommitted. wheresuchcrimes According toSapnaDutta, a auditorium, includingthose near theNationalInstituteof Fort stretches intheareaclosetoSiri tomany dark astheyclaimthatthereareseveral residents areinshockbut itcomesasnosurprise citizen of Delhi and a telling statement on the cerned law and order situation of the city. Asiad village lot. parking and deserted the dark Tuesday’s incident must be seen as a slap on the face for any con- aforeign diplomatfrom fromallegedly abductingandthenraping was nothingtostoptwo stragglers complexandeven aresidentialarea. toasports And yet, arts from acentrefor performing there lot. complexparking auditorium Fort fies itbetterthantheSiri Therearesignsofactivityallaround, TNN | The Times ofIndia, Oct16, 2003, 12.26 AM IST Siri Fort area is deserted and unsafe by theDelhiMetro. RoadMetrostationsarenotoperated lots atRajivChowk andBarakhamba with adequate lighting,” DMRC spokesperson Anuj Dayal said. He, however, that the parking clarified toimprove thesafety ofourpassengers.the bestefforts All Metrostationpremiseswillbeprovided arrangements. it would lookintothematterandmake necessary “Wherever possible, we willmake (DMRC),”Delhi MetroRailCorporation saidapoliceofficer. TheDelhiMetro, onitsbehalf, hassaid social elements. Thus, tocommuters. posing risk The matter, however, hasbeen taken upwiththe lit,“As theapproachroadsarepoorly suchstationsareoccupiedby anti- thestreetssurrounding adds. nighthours, during thereport muters lots. roadsandparking properly-lit for arevulnerable women com- All 10MetrostationsinDwarka Nagar, Panjabi Bagh, Janakpuri, Pashchim Vihar andMotiNagarMetrostationsin West Delhitoolack Delhi, Uttam North ShadipurandPulBangushtopthelistofunsafe stationswhileareassurrounding and NetajiSubhashPlaceMetrosstationsaremostunsafe for women commuters. and InCentral numbers. usethisstationinlarge Delhi, InNorth-West passengers andrail fall astourists JahangirPuri and Anand Vihar toolackproperlightingarrangements. Notably, thesetwo stationsreceive highfoot- Vihar-has lotsorapproachroads. parking properly-lit Surprisingly, theMetrostationsat Akshardham LaxmiNagar,of theMetrostationsinEastDistrict-including Yamuna Bank, Preet Vihar andNirman Metrostations.outside several The survey, policedistrict, conductedinevery hasrevealed thatnone was conducted following frequent complaints of snatching and stalking from official said the survey lotatthestationhasinadequatelighting,The parking whichmakes itpronetopettycrimes. A police Streetpolicestation,ment HouseandtheParliament hasbeenfound unsafe for women commuters. stations. Similarly, lotatPatel Chowk Metrostation, theparking - which islocatedclosetotheParlia It isajungleoutthere, inthemiddleofDelhi’s right urbanchaos, andnothingexempli- THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI

173 APPENDIX 174 APPENDIX CITY LEVEL Pro what thestudents feel?“ and hostelmeetings. wantsadialoguethen why doesn’titholdaGBM toknow Iftheadministration has notapproved ofthesame. body meetings general “The proposalhasbeenrejectedat various Terming thisas “bulldozing“, asthehostel association Pandey saidtheinstallationwasundemocratic andlobbies ofthe hostelsandotherpublicat theentrances spacesonthecampus. are high-endequipmentwithfacilitiestozoom andofvoicecameras recording. These willbeputup atacostofRs70lakh. isplanningtoinstall45cameras JNU sourcessaidthattheuniversity These dents told TOI didn’trespondtothecallsortextmessages. whointurn tocontacttheregistrar Why didn’ttheguards in thehostelrecord assault on Ahmed inthe register?“ The deanofstu - when Najeeb claimsthatthemaingateCCTVwasnotworking administration Ahmed disappeared. block andthemaingate.istration Also, thereasonsgiven arefalse. by theadministration Infact, the and theyare not required at places accessed by students. are already there at the admin- Cameras concern,privacy whichiswhy we won’t allow thistohappen. willincreasesurveillance The cameras hostel.Pandey ledagroupofstudentstoremove installedattheBrahmaputra thecameras “It’s a public places. atallimportant order toinstallcameras mechanism.“ on the other hand claimed that this would be a The administration contempt of court’s hostelandsaidtheactwasto attheBrahmaputra cameras “reject themove toputsurveillance `This IsContemptOfCourt’JNUSUpresidentMohitPandey removed onFriday theinstalledCCTV for `100’ number hastobeincreasedfor greatercoverage ofdistresscalls,“saidanofficial. offences againstwomen whilepatrollingby PCRvanshastobeincreased. The number ofphonelines women investigation for fast-track into cases. action must betaken deterrent incasesof Exemplary actions.recommend corrective “He asked for digitisationofdatainrespecttosexualoffences against whowillanalyse therootcausesofoffences against andofficers women inthecityand experts eminentsociologists,of gooddecisions,“shetweeted.The studygroupwillcomprise psychologists, Special thefirst the LGfor chairing Task Forceon women safety inDelhi. meeting, fruitful lots Very improve safety ofwomen inDelhi. DCWchiefSwatiMaliwalthanked theLGfor themeeting.“Thank to ensure that all steps are taken to concerned ofdirectives to departments The LGissuedaseries action.mend corrective withinthreemonths.“ The StudyGrouptosubmititsreport constitutedtostudy expertsofficers’ , analyse issuesrelatingtosafety of women inDelhiandrecom- on roadssensitive places andstreamliningsystemsofmaintenancelightsinpublic places. `Groupof rent action tobetaken in cases of offences against women. Directed for effective visibility of police The LGtweeted: “Chaired meetingof Task Forceon Women Safety . deter Directedfor exemplary on Wednesday , Baijalasked policeto increasetheirvisibilityonroadsand “sensitive places“. ameetingofthetaskforce onwomen’swomen actions.Chairing andrecommend corrective safety TNN | The Times ofIndia, Mar022017 Manash Gohain| The Times ofIndia, Apr 012017 JNU studentsremove CCTV cams inprotest Women’s safety: Expertsto give tips LG Anil Baijal has set up a group of experts toanalyse issuesrelatedtosafetyLG of Anil Baijalhassetupagroupofexperts ject - promise ofsafety andfreedom, whichis beingguaranteed, canbeexercised ornot.” activistsays,rights “As awoman citizen living inthecity, we shouldbeable toassesswhetherthe Speaking toMetrolife, Grover,Vrinda lawyer, Supreme Court researcher, andwomen’s humanrights would prefer waiting/spending time/makingcallsinsidethanoutsideonthe streets. Metro stationwithoutwastingany time. Women feel safer insidethanoutside themetrostationand stations. Also, togetinsidethe outoftheautosorrickshaws almostallthewomen jumpedstraight were walkingfastascompared tootherwomentravellers travelling ingroupsto reachthemetro throughout theuniversity, said. thereport thatsolo women According tothereport,itwasobserved lit. inandaroundtheofficewasgoodcondition,poorly Essentialinfrastructure but itwasthesame shaws guards. andtwo security However, 100metresbeyond thisarea,and itwasagaindeserted rick- VC’s a presence and of proper auto surveillance, lit and had CCTV cameras office was brightly The routefromDelhiSchoolofSocial Work tothe VC’s office, after7.30 pm, wasdimly lit, but the “Off-peak hours, thatis11am–1pm, we didnotfindthepoliceintheirbooths,” says Agarwal. were emptyafter peakhours.and socialworkers,Marg thepoliceboothsinandaroundChhatra Samarthyam’s Agarwal. teamofengineers, architects ofSamarthyam According totheobservations low.and disabilitygapisrather Inacampuswe would seepeoplecomingfromallwalksoflife,” says in the audit is because this is the only route where gender “Why this route become so important guards,” security theprivate deserted. Icannottrust outsidetheCivilLinesMetrostation. says agirl toget home early. guardsstanding on this route, security many private but I still try This road is very of the route,” and also walked parts says three modes of transport Viswanath. “Although, there are suchastaxis, busespublic andmetro. transport Eachgroup covered theirdesignatedrouteusingall andwaitingfor public transport. public transport modesof The auditswere conductedusingvarious “We andspeakingtopeopleonthestreets, were able toconducttheauditthrough observations in was collectedusing ‘Safetipin’ amobileapplicationfor conducting ‘safety audits’. andpolicing.that existinpublicsocialusageof infrastructure, space, public transport The data December 16, thedeathofNirbhaya. 2014tocommemorate The datawasrecordedonthegaps onhow safe Delhi’spm, streetsare handreport for women. togetafirst Theauditwasdoneon routefrom7:30pm-11 munity intheprocessby routingwomen ontheCivilLinestoJahangirpuri for women.infrastructure Kalpana Viswanath, senioradvisorattheNGOJagori, includedthecom- other bodieslike Jagori, conductedthe ‘safety audit’ tocomeoutwithasoundsolutionfor public towards theday-to-dayworking challengesofdisabled women for 20years. Samarthyam, alongwith felt throughout,” says Anjlee Agarwal, thefounder andexecutive directorofSamarthyam, anNGO able inthissituation. Also, ifthestreetsofDelhiaremadesafe for thedisabled thentheeffect willbe pyramid. Women arenotsafe inthiscityanddisabled ingeneral women becomethemostvulner women, especially for thosewhoarephysically challenged. “You have toseefromthebottomof is approximately 9.2 kilometres. A new ‘safety audit’ suggests how inconvenient Delhi’s roads are for Women’s safety: MetroStation The distancebetween theCivilLinesMetroStationtoJahangirpuri Ruchira Talapatra, DeccanHerald, Feb25, 2015, DHNS Public facilities failcity women THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI -

175 APPENDIX 176 APPENDIX the favourite parks among residents owing to its natural beauty. amongresidentsowing toitsnatural the favourite parks in park West Delhi’s heavily populatedresidentialcolony ofPatel Nagar. Spreadover acresofland, itisoneof CCTV cameras. We don’twant tobemolested.” People say thesamethingsaboutRockGarden, the biggest a safe park. isdimly litandmanyThe walkwayplacesdonoteven pathinthepark have light, norarethereany who justwanttocrossthroughthepark. “You becausethisisnot wouldcomingtothispark hardly seeany girl addstothewoes ofpeople addedthatthelackofpolicepatrollingandabsenceguardsin thepark further ofthetimeday.irrespective We have times, alsocomplainedtothepoliceseveral but tonoavail.” She theday aswellhere bothduring asintheevening. You canseemenopenly smokingweed andhashishhere, Niketan said, thatwe have“This istheonly park inourvicinity, like butus, sadly for unsafe girls tocome it isvery addictswhothrongthepark,on drug makingitunsafe for use. A young third-year studentandresident ofSatya to itsproximity toDelhiUniversity’s SouthCampus, complained aboutthelackofpolicepatrollingandchecks after sundown. Residentsofthelocality, owing whichismostly inhabitedby studentsfromacrossthecountry addicts whichbecomesadenfor drug college,kateswara inthepark complained aboutthelackofsecurity The situationisnobettereven inSouthDelhi. inSatya Niketan oppositethe Residentsnearapark Ven - insuchparks.” incident occurring ments intotheparks. Notonly women but even mendonotfeel safe aswe someortheother keep hearing activities.of prohibited and nefarious of such ele- guards to keep a check on the entry There are no security onallkinds “The situationisbadbecausetherelittlelightingintheseparks, andanti-socialelementscarry come herefor evening walk, have before itgetsdark.” toreturn Another residentoftheneighbourhoodsaid, openly aftersundown. anddrink coming hubsfor peoplewhocomeheretotake drugs Women like us, who Payel Singh, Sector4, aresidentofDwarka said, hereareunusable aftersundown.“The parks be- They start anti-social elementsaftersundown. becomingadenfor start as theysayof theseareashave thattheseparks questionsabouttheirsecurity raised guardsaroundany oftheparks, security no private norcouldonefindthepresenceofany police. Residents in Dwarka’sSector4, 5and6intheevening, lacked properlighting. andfound thatalltheparks There were assess thesituationonground. apartments locatedamongseveral visitedthreeparks This correspondent MCD andDDAinDelhi’s parks residentialcolonies. hereto The Sunday suchparks Guardianvisitedseveral have by guards in several residents about the poor lighting and absence been of raised police and security insideaDDA inDelhi’s attackonayoung journalist Following park abrutal Ashok Vihar, concerns serious CITY LEVEL Pro Dibyendu Live, Mondal|Sunday Guradian NewDelhi|16 April, 2017 Residents say parks inDelhiare unsafe, seek presence ofguards given on the report thatwaspresentedtothem. given onthereport now andthenbut asyetSuch auditsareutilisedby thegovernmentnoresponsehasbeen every Grover adds. andtheroads arebothaccessible andsafe for women,”essential toensurethatthepublic transport andtheirfreedomofmovement inadignified manner. andtowork liberty their personal Forthis, itis “There isaconstitutional obligation on thegovernment toensurethat women areable toexercise ject keep hearing suchincidents.keep hearing andsnatchingarealsocommonhere.” Incidentsaboutrobbery whenitisdark.park Recently, andwe therewasnewsaboutamanwhostabbed insidethispark area, andwithlittlelightingwhichismostly ontheouterpathway. unsafe toventure intothe Itisvery Indu Sinha, aregularvisitortothepark, said, locatedamongathickly forested bigpark “This isavery it unsafe for theresidents. However, asnightapproaches, addictsandanti-socialelements, isinhabitedby drug thepark making THE ENABLING OFSAFE PUBLICSPACES INDELHI

177 APPENDIX Reference list Mondal, D., 2017, ‘Residents say parks in Delhi are unsafe, seek presence of guards’, Sunday Guardian Live, 16 April, Avail- Banerjee, T., 2001, ‘The Future of Public Space - Beyond Invented Streets and Reinvented Places’, APA journal , Vol. 67, No. 1, able at: http://www.sundayguardianlive.com/news/9120-residents-say-parks-delhi-are-unsafe-seek-presence-guards Available at: https://chisineu.files.wordpress.com/2013/03/the-future-of-public-space.pdf National Institute of Urban Affairs, 2014, ‘Sustainable Street Lighting’, Available at: http://www.greenpeace.org/india/ Chatterjee S., 2014, ‘Problems Faced by LGBT People in the Mainstream Society: Some Recommendations’, Global/india/2015/SSL/FinalReport_SSLP_NIUA.pdf International Journal of Interdisciplinary and Multidisciplinary Studies (IJIMS), Available at http://www.ijims.com/uploads/ cae8049d138e24ed7f5azppd_597.pdf National Crime Prevention Council, 2003, ‘Crime Prevention through Environmental Design - Guidebook’, Singapore, Avail- able at: http://www.popcenter.org/tools/cpted/PDFs/NCPC.pdf Delhi Human Development Report, 2013, ‘Public Safety’, Available at: http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/file/ delhi%20human%20development%20report%202013.pdf National Institute of Urban Affairs, 2016, ‘Status of Children in Urban India’, Baseline study - 2016, Available at: https://cfsc. niua.org/sites/default/files/Status_of_children_in_urban_India-Baseline_study_2016.pdf Department of Sustainability and Environment-Crime Prevention Victoria, 2005, ‘Safer Design Guidelines for Victoria’, Available at: https://www.healthyplaces.org.au/userfiles/file/Safer+Design+Guidelines%20Victoria.pdf Pandey, N., Haider, F., 2014, ‘Parks most unsafe for kids, says study’, Hindustan Times, 5 January, Available at: http://www. hindustantimes.com/india/parks-most-unsafe-for-kids-says-study/story-cXCWQ6p2rGsixH1ytMXZtK.html Dourish, P., ‘Re-Space-ing Place: “Place” and “Space” Ten Years On’, Available at: http://www.dourish.com/publications/1996/ cscw96-place.pdf Phadke, S., Khan, S., Ranade, S., 2016, ‘Give women equal access to public spaces’, The Hindu, 22 September, Available at: http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/Give-women-equal-access-to-public-spaces/article14308408.ece Future of places, ‘Benefits of Public Space’, Available at: http://futureofplaces.com/media_resource/benefits-of-public- space/ San Francisco Planning Department, 2015, ‘San Francisco Parklet Manual’, Available at: http://pavementtoparks.org/wp- content/uploads/2015/12/SF_P2P_Parklet_Manual_2.2_FULL1.pdf Garau, P., 2015, ‘Global Public Space Toolkit - From Global Principles to Local Policies and Practice’, UN-Habitat, Available at: https://unhabitat.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Global%20Public%20Space%20Toolkit.pdf Shiv, S., 2016, ‘Unsafe Capital gets safe houses for women’, The Hindu, 11 April, Available at: http://www.thehindu.com/ news/cities/Delhi/unsafe-capital-gets-safe-houses-for-women/article8459647.ece Gohain, M., 2017, ‘JNU students remove CCTV cams in protest’, , 1 April, Available at: http://timesofindia. indiatimes.com/city/delhi/jnu-students-remove-cctv-cams-in-protest/articleshow/57950508.cms Singh, S.K., 2015, ‘Terror in the Twilight Zone’, Indian Express, 19 April

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fnYyh uxj dyk vk;ksx Delhi Urban Art Commission Tel: 24619593, 24618607, 24690821, 24636191, Fax: 24648970