EDITOR’S LETTER

Writing a Letter at the End of the Year Editor’s Letter

The year 2019 is almost over. I want to write down about two things on this editor’s letter. The first thing is “How was this year?” and the second thing is “Giving my thoughts of working as an editor-in-chief of the Mokwon Chimes”.

The first thing I would like to talk with all the subscribers of Mokwon Chimes, “How was this year?” Trying to remember the year 2019 by myself, I am satisfied with my results (like editing articles well, studying hard on my major, participating in outside activities, etc.) which I’ve been made. But also, I was somewhat disappointed with the results of developing my ability for the profession which I want to be.

I don’t think it’s been a long time since the year began, but the old year goes out and the new year comes in. The year goes by so quickly. The letter which I’ve written at the beginning of the year, I wrote down that I would like to discuss with you about how the year was, planning and an ounce of practice are the two most important factors in our life.

Reflecting on myself at the end of this year, I am a little bit embarrassed of my words. The things didn’t go as I had planned. Nevertheless, I want to insist the same words which I’ve said at the beginning of the year; Planning and Practicing. For the next year, I want to make a detailed plan and put a plan into practice. At the end of the year 2020, I want to get satisfaction from the results which I’ve made in 2020.

Furthermore, at the end of the year 2019, I would like to give my thoughts of working as an editor-in-chief of the Mokwon Chimes.” Working as the editor-in-chief, I want to say that the opportunity for working as an editor-in-chief was always a thankful moment for me. Also, I learned a lot of things. Following the former editor-in-chief, Yongcheol Chang, I was under a lot of pressure. When I first started working as editor-in-chief, I was not sure if I would the role well.

I was very clumsy and not nearly good enough for performing my role; many reporters of Mokwon Chimes always supported me. Throughout this, I was able to perform well as an editor-in-chief. During a year of working, I was able to grow and make a lot of happy memories with all of the reporters. Looking back on what I’ve been doing for a year, I promise you that I’ll be a better editor-in-chief as I fill up the insufficient parts of the articles. Furthermore, I would like to express my gratitude to all the reporters who always work hard.

For the better TMC,

Lee Kyounghyun / Editor-in-chief

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THE MOKWON CHIMES DECEMBER 2019 CONTENT | VOL.168

EDITOR’S LETTER 02 Writing a Letter at the End of the Year

NEWS 04 The Crisis at Japanese Convenience Stores 04 Helicopter Crash in Dokdo 05 An Emergency at Low-Cost Airlines 05 Government Decided to Turn Foreign High school, International High School to General High School in 2025

MOKWON NEWS 06 The 34th Broadcasting Festival Suchaehwa, ('Watercolors') Hosted by MBS! 08 Mokwon Dormitory Open House and Flea Market 10 Academic Festival of The Education Department

SOCIAL AFFAIRS 12 Are Domestic Airlines Okay? 14 Extensive Damage to Livestock Farms, ASF 16 Football Match with North Korea in North Korea 18 Deception of the National Producer

INTERNATIONAL 20 Be Declared a State of Emergency in Chile 22 Anti-Extradition Law Amendment Bill Movement in Hongkong 24 Joker and Copycat Crime

INTERVIEW 26 Invisible Helpers: The Faculty Assistants 28 Press of Mokwon University 30 Let’s Go Abroad to Study

FOREIGN STUDENTS 32 Various Scholarship Supports for International Students

EDITORIAL 33 Dignity of University Students

December 2019 | 3 NEWS NEWSNEWS

The Crisis at Japanese Convenience Stores

By Yoo Jinho Desk-Manager [email protected]

Japan's largest convenience store company, 7-Eleven, announced a high-intensity restructuring policy to close or relocate about 1,000 stores, the Asahi Shimbun reported Wednesday. Super chains Ito-Yokado, Sogo Department Store and Seibu Department Store, which have been suffering from a slump, will also push to close their stores on a large scale, cutting about 3,000 jobs across the group. The Japanese retail industry is facing a major inflection point as there is a wave of restructuring at convenience stores that have continued to grow behind department stores and supermarkets, the newspaper noted. 7-Eleven plans to conduct the shutdown and relocation, focusing on stores with low profitability, starting in the second half of this fiscal year. About 5 percent of about 21,000 stores nationwide are subject to restructuring. With the massive restructuring of 7-Eleven, up to 60,000 convenience stores have been created across Japan, drawing keen attention to whether it will serve as an opportunity for the Japanese convenience store industry, which has been criticized as being in a "saturated state," to shift its expansion course. Meanwhile, 7-Eleven also included support for franchisees in the restructuring plan. The company plans to reduce the membership fees paid to the company from March next year to improve the actual profits of the franchises. Through this, the company expects its earnings to increase by about 500,000 yen annually, while it expects the company's profits to fall by about 10 billion yen. Ryuichi Isaka, president of Seven & I Holdings, which runs 7-Eleven, said that the top priority is to create a system where merchants can be confident and focus on management, adding that motivation for franchise owners will be a force for mid- to long-term growth. Also, the Yomiuri Shimbun reported on Monday that Japan's Family Mart gave up its "24-hour operation" principle and decided to allow short-term operations for all merchants. We will have to wait and see how this policy will affect the Japanese convenience store business.

Helicopter Crash in Dokdo

By Choi Yunyeong Desk-Manager [email protected]

On October 31, an EC225 helicopter from National 119 Rescue Headquarters crashed into a nearby sea after it took off from Dokdo Island to transport an emergency patient whose finger was severed to the hospital. After the accident, a Dokdo Island guard reported the accident. Because of this incident, seven people including members of rescue team and patients disappeared. Since November 12th, three bodies have been retrieved. In order to search for the other missing people urgently, more ships and aircraft as well as divers who are familiar with the scene of the accident were mobilized to expand the scope of their operation. In addition, some debris of the helicopter was found. The authorities are finding the cause of the accident with the crashed helicopter, EC225 that was imported in 2016. The prime minister visited the fire station to meet the family of the victims and said "We will never give up until we have found every missing person."

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An Emergency at Low-Cost Airlines

By Yang Hwidong Desk-Manager [email protected]

As the Korean economy grew in past years, the numbers taking trips abroad increased with it. The easiest way to go overseas is by taking a plane. Most major airlines like Korean Air and Asiana are under a lot of pressure due to operating costs, and so many people prefer to take a low-cost airline. However, nowadays, there have been some serious issues with low-cost airlines. Chief among them are concerns about their planes. Most low- cost airlines are using the same model of plane, the Boeing 737. Recently, there have been a lot of accidents involving this model. According to the airline website ‘Aviation-Safety,’ as of January of this year, the 737 was involved in 96 accidents, caused in large part by aging 737 fleets. The 737 came out in 1965, so low-cost airlines were easily able to buy these planes at a low price. One problem is that old planes experience wing problems which can cause accidents in flight. Many people increasingly urge low-cost airlines to seriously check their planes. T his isn’t the only difficulty the airline sector is experiencing. In Korea a general boycott of Japan is in progress, and there is also currently an economic recession in Korea. Low-cost airlines are currently the most popular, especially among students, so they should prepare countermeasures. POSCO Cheongam Foundation

Government Decided to Turn Foreign High school, International High School to General High School in 2025

By Lee Yeji Staff-Reporter [email protected]

From March 2025, when the Ministry of Education introduces the high school credit system, 79 schools, including autonomous private high school (self-accident) and special purpose high school (foreign high school), will be converted into general high schools. Among schools for gifted children and special purpose high schools, science high schools, art high schools, and physical education high schools will remain unchanged after 2025. From the fourth year of elementary school, students will not be able to enter their own high school, foreign language high school, or international high school. Minister of Education, Yoo Eun-hye, announced the plan to resolve the deterioration of high school education in Seoul on November 7. Accordingly, the Ministry of Education amended the Enforcement Ordinance of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act by the end of this year, and from March 2025, when the high school credit system is introduced, the high school, foreign language high school, and international high school will be converted to general high school. After 2025, the high school and foreign language high school are converted to general high schools, existing foreign high schools such as Seoul Daewon High School can operate specialized foreign language curriculum without changing the name of the school. However, the schools will no longer have the right to select students and will change the way students are assigned based on their choices. Science high schools and gifted schools will not switch to general high school, but there is a plan to improve the selection method by abolishing the paper-based evaluation (problem-solving test) of gifted schools. The Ministry of Education said, "It is deepening private education, and causing inequality in educational opportunities according to parents' income. In order to secure fairness in admissions and prepare for high school education in the future, we decided to transition to a general high school.” And Minister of Education Yoo Eun-hye said “There are problems such as discomfort with high schools being classified as “first-class and second-class.” He took public concern that the education gap leads to a social class gap.”

December 2019 | 5 MOKWON NEWS

The 34th Broadcasting Festival Suchaehwa, ('Watercolors') Hosted by MBS!

Lee Yeji Staff-Reporter [email protected]

On Tuesday, the twelfth of November this year, the Broadcasting Festival was held in the U408. It is hosted by MBS, that is, the broadcast station of Mokwon University. MBS station is in charge of the broadcasts at our school every morning, lunch and evening. You may have heard the broadcast in school at least once. MBS station holds festivals twice a year. In the first semester, they host the Mokwon Song Festival, a competition in which many people can show off their singing skills. In the second semester, they host the Broadcasting Festival. It is held by MBS members who select a theme and create a video composed of various contents on a given theme, which is shown by MBS members to many people during the festival.

This time, the theme of the broadcast was Suchaehwa (hangul: 수채화), or 'Watercolors'. It is said that this theme was chosen in the hope that people would draw their pretty colors on a white background in life. In other words, they hoped that people find happiness by filling their own colors in life through this video. So let's watch the video that gives hope to people. This video consists of various content, including a campaign, drama, music video, and also an interview.

#Drama- 'Lost Color'

The most impressive drama was the last video, the title of which was 'Lost Color'. The content of the video was a story of a male student who was unaware of his feelings and who believed had no feelings. He was consulted and tried to express his feelings, but he was not as easy for him to express what was in his heart. However, when the counselor came to him with sincerity, and gave an accordingly sincere consultation to him fell ill, and could no longer give him consultations, he began to cry. That was when he realized that he had emotions. At first, the image in video was black and white, but the colors of Suchaehwa, 'Watercolors' appeared. It perhaps shows how the modern man can end up living mechanically without showing or feeling emotions.

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#Interview- What color do you like?

Each person has their own favorite color. In this video, twenty people were asked what color they liked, and it was interesting that each color was different and unique. Also, even though they liked the same color, each reason was different. Perhaps your favorite color is one that represents your character and yourself? Of course, everyone loves color, but not everyone has a special reason. Some simply said 'I liked it since I was young', 'Just looking at the color makes me feel comfortable', but not everyone has a special reason, but it is meaningful and special to mention a color that can express oneself. What color do you like? What is the reason?

#Campaign - Uncolored

This video implies a meaning that tell something to people. The title of the video is 'Uncolored.' In the video, the main character was a student who was bored and helplessly living every day. However, she applied to clubs and meet people and participated in club activities, putting colors on her life one by one. What this video wanted to tell people seemed to be how to paint our life in pretty colors and live happily and worthily. Wouldn't you tell people who are just busy living their lives to be painted in beautiful colors, not just a hard and dark routine?

In each video of these different themes, it tells how important it is to color it in his life. Actually, when I first saw the title Suchaehwa, I thought simply 'it's just different colors'. However, after watching this video, we can see that there are various colors in our lives, sometimes dark colors, and colors of anger like red. I would like to say thanks to MBS the station for creating meaningful and good videos on the theme of Suchaehwa. And I hope that not everyone would live hard and busily like a machine but fill their life with various colors like video.

Did you enjoy this video? Every year, MBS station has a meaningful time to show and make videos that the members of want to MBS convey to people. I look forward to the next year’s theme and broadcasting festival. If you missed watching the video this time, why don’t you come to the festival next year to show videos that the MBS station members sincerely make?

December 2019 | 7 MOKWON NEWS

Mokwon Dormitory Open House and Flea Market

Go Yuri Staff-Reporter [email protected]

Mokwon University Dormitory Open House & Flea Market was held from 1:00 p.m. to 7:30 p.m. on November 5th, 2019 at Mokwon University Dormitory and New Dormitory plaza. The event was open not only to dormitory students, but to all students of Mokwon University who all participated, enjoying eating with friends and receiving prizes. This event was prepared by the dormitory staff.

Open House Usually, only dorm students can enter the dormitory, so students that don’t live in dormitories don’t know what their interior looks like. Events such as this give outsiders a chance to have a look in. The open house event starts at 1p.m. and the precautions include that only people of the same gender as residents are allowed in. When it begins, you can bring your friends to look around your room. If you’re hungry, there are tasty snacks outside to share with friends while chatting. If you’re curious about how the interior of the dormitory looks, I believe that the ‘Open House’ event is the best opportunity to satisfy your curiosity.

Flea Market The flea market was held in the square rather than inside the dormitory. There were various products available, including food, clothes, and accessories. Many of the most popular vendors' goods included macaroons, cookies, earrings, clothes, and soap. School students also took part to sell their clothes and various other items. Students lined up to look around. There were also multiple food trucks in front of the dormitory. The delicious smell of fried chicken, takoyaki, coffee, shrimp, chicken skewers, and fries attracted hungry students who lined up to eat. Many students bought snacks and shared them with their friends back in the dormitory.

Game Booth There were a few booths held by the dormitory staff. There were three: a game, snack, and prize booth. The game booth, where it seemed like students were having the most fun time, was divided into three parts. If you want to participate in the game, you wait in the line at the game booth of your choice and pay 100 won to take a game. First, there was one similar to curling, in which you get points when you throw your shoe inside the circle, depending on where it lands. Second, racetracks were made of paper, and you fold colored paper caterpillars to blow with your straw. You have to make it go the farthest to win. Third, there were mini bowling pins made of

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water bottles, which are kicked by foot, not pushed by hand. And finally, there were many different other games, such as one in which you push your fingers on paper after turning five times in an elephant nose pose. Diverse games enabled many students to have fun with their friends.

Food Booth Food booths were very popular too. Here, they sold chicken heart skewers at day and spicy fish cakes, green onion pancakes, homemade cookies and madeleines at night. Cheap prices and large quantities attracted students going on their way after school. Everyone lined up, and some even made reservations. Demand was so great that they were all sold out shortly. Spicy fish cakes were also in high demand because of the chilly weather. Many students enjoyed them. The green onion pancakes were also very cheap and popular, and homemade cookies, madeleines were loved by many students because of their pretty packaging and appearance.

Prize Booth After games and snacks, various sized prizes awaited the students. Even though it was a festival held at the dormitory, not only dorm students but all students were able to participate. This booth was located in the middle of the square. As popular as it was, many had to lined up for the wait. To take part, you had to wait in line to spin the roulette using the computer. Each dorm student received a towel. Students looked happy and bright on their way back after receiving their prizes.

Prize Lottery As the evening was getting dark, you could see the little photo zone made by the committee. It was decorated using small light bulbs, which twinkled, adding depth to the beauty of the night. A new event started as the clock struck six o' clock. Tickets to be drawn were distributed to the dorm students. Also, an important note is that students who previously took part in the roulette spinning in the daytime were not able to participate in the draw. Tickets were handed out at a given time, and the raffle began at seven. Lots of students started to gather in the square. Different than the prize booths earlier, costly presents were waiting.

There were many items students most wanted. Favorites included an Apple iPad, 5 AirPods, portable chargers, photo printers, and vacuum cleaners. Students wished their number was called. One by one, the students cried shouts of either joy or disappointment. Students who won were very happy, even doing celebrations of their own. After all the prizes ran out, the dormitory festival came to an end. Afterwards, 'open house' and the flea market were closed, as all staff members gathered to fold the tents and clean up any remaining garbage. Students who wish to receive prizes while having fun with friends are highly encouraged to take part in dorm festivals.

December 2019 | 9 MOKWON NEWS

Academic Festival of The Education Department

Kim Hyeonjeong Cub-Reporter [email protected]

Mokwon University's Department of Education held an academic festival this year between the eleventh and fifteenth of November. Through cooperation between professors and students of six departments, the academic system of Mokwon University's Department of Education creates passionate and curious communicative learning, and promotes imagination through various activities, and it gives a chance to discover various meanings and values in life.

Academic programs are divided into five categories: performance, exhibition, class performance, experience, and awards.

Performance & Exhibition

The Music Education Department held a concert on the fourteenth of November at the concert hall of Mokwon University, under the title 'The Chamber Music Concert'. The Korean Language Education, English Education, and Math Education Departments displayed their works in the hall on the fourth floor of the hall to give visitors an opportunity to learn about education. The department of Korean Language Education displayed a portfolio of classes, poetry, and career experience programs. The career experience involved making bookmarks that marked visitors' birthdays in pure Korean, and an opportunity to write 20 pure Korean words and meanings. There was a spelling challenge, involving common but perhaps surprisingly easily misspelt words like ‘깨끗히 (X) 깨끗이 (O)’ (kkaekkeus-i; meaning 'clean' in Korean), ‘기윽 (X), 기역 (O)’ (giyeog, meaning 'memory' in Korean). And the word '달 보드레' (pronounced dal bodeule), a sweet and soft phrase, is used to describe the sweetness of the food. The English Education Department displayed just five small units. We had actual class demonstration materials and a guide to class performance, so it was easy for anyone to see. These four units were: English Education's approach to the school website, English Education advancing to the international community, English Education communicating with the school body and society, and English Education preparing for future. It was really easy to understand because they were clearly displayed. The Math Department displayed works by clubs 'DMT' and 'Moebius,' and used pieces by a competition for meridian competition. The Art Education Department displayed tapes and drawing paper and displayed an instruction to 'Attach the tape to complete the painting.' These tapes varied in length and thickness, and students could tear and cut and paste tapes in many different shapes. I think it was a good idea on the part of the Department. Because it gave everyone a chance to take part in completing a work.

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Class Performance

They uploaded a video clip of the class performance, in which so many students participated, to YouTube. To view it, you can click on the website of Mokwon University, and on the pop-up window ‘Department of Education Class performance’ you can see videos from the Korean Language Education, English Education, Math Education, Art Education, Music Education and Early Childhood Education Departments. Even after the academic festival is over, you can still watch it to your heart's content. If you are interested in what the performance was like, you can get a very good impression from these clips.

Experience & Award

The Departments of Math Education and Art Education managed 'experience' booths. The Math Education Department hosted the 'Cafra-based Structural Contest' and held it on the eleventh of November at the hall's gallery to give visitors an opportunity to learn about math and art education (the student restroom on 4F). The Music Education Department held a "Golden Bell" at U480. In the award section, we reviewed each department's experience sites and questionnaires, and presented awards to each department.

Highlight Performance

We played a talent show and mini game in Mokwon University Gym. The first performance was 'Circus.' A student performed, according to the rhythm of a song, a circus act using sticks, an act using rings, and also one using a yo-yo. Next, the band club at Mokwon University took to the stage. They played various instruments and sang a song. I think they were very good, and I got a lot of positive responses from the band club. In the middle of the performance, members of the student council of the Education Department played a mini game and quiz. They hosted events including a Korean history quiz, marshmallow eating, and a lemon eating game. They also awarded gift certificates to the winners as a reward. The Music Education and Art Education students danced. I think they practiced hard, so all the students performed and danced well. It was indeed a great performance.

Finally, there was the prize lottery. Students got lucky numbers cards before they entered the gym, and when they got the numbers, they were given prizes. Many students were able to receive prizes this time, because less students attended than had been expected. The prizes included daily necessities, such as fabric conditioner, toilet paper, supplementary batteries, shampoo, movie tickets, and gift certificates. The best prizes were gift certificates from Galleria department store of 100,000 won and 200,000 won. The day was an opportunity for students of the Education Department to gather in one place. It was also a good time to watch interesting performances and to simply have fun. I hope even more students will attend and enjoy in 2020.

December 2019 | 11 SOCIAL AFFAIRS

Are Domestic Airlines Okay?

Ryu Jeongho Staff-Reporter [email protected]

Recently, Korea’s economic condition has become weaker in many ways. It has experienced various financial problems. This economic weakness affects companies and jobs in Korea. At this time, domestic airlines are experiencing an economic emergency.

Both FSC and LCC faced hardship because of huge economic damage. There are a few reasons why many airlines are encountering hard times. Firstly, as of a few days ago, the price of oil is still rising. The oil price has a big effect on running flights, so airlines have a financial deficit because of these continuously increasing oil prices in the Middle East, the region that produces most of the oil on world markets as a result of conflict and discord there. Secondly, another problem is flaws on planes themselves. There have been various technical flaws and problems on domestic flights. This awareness has given rise to a negative image among passengers, and many passengers consequently prefer to ride foreign airlines believed to be experiencing less of these problems over domestic airlines.

Lastly, another reason is the current boycott of Japan. This boycott has damaged Korean society in general, and the airline sector in particular. Domestic airlines sales have historically been buoyed by flights to Japan, however, sales have been damaged by a decrease of flights to Japan, because both many Koreans and Japanese hate and avoid travel to each other's countries.

Such airlines include Easta airline and T’way airline. They established their companies without other major companies' or securities' help. Therefore they had more financial problems than other airlines that received help from other companies, because they have to resolve hard problems themselves. Last October, there was a rumor that Easta was going to be floated on the stock market by Easta Holdings (that owns most of Easta stock) to raise funds, because of the company's deficit and bad situation.

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Apart from this situation with falling saless, recently Easta imported new, expensive Boeing 747 aircraft, but in the last few years, Easta experienced a deficit problem as a result of the fact that they had to stop operating their 747s due to a fault with the plane. So they are working hard to fix the Boeing 747's faults so they can operate them again. They have to work as fast as they can to resolve this deficit. Not only Easta but also T’way also has had a big problem. They were originally doing well in terms of annual earnings, but recently, they have been experiencing a deficit during the third quarter which they have to resolve. Other airlines are also in a difficult situation, not only Easta and T’way, but also Asiana, Jin Air, Korean Air, Air Seoul, and Air Busan. Jin Air belongs to Korean Air, and Air Seoul and Air Busan belong to Asiana. However, as Korean and Asiana are in a difficult situation, small airlines owned by these big airlines are in the same situation. A few years ago, there were many unfortunate events at Korean Air, such as the notorious “peanuts and total power trip” incident, which were seen to harm the image of high profile people at Korean Air and the airline itself, in addition to which their company had a confusing situation, because their president died.

In case of Asiana, it was put on the market for 2.5 trillion won and was sold to Hyundai to solve problems at Kumho (a company supporting Asiana) which was in financial trouble with bank loans. Besides which, in a recent incident, passengers were injured as a result of an engine fault on board an Asiana plane that caused injury to passengers during a landing in Manila, the Philippines. This event exposed LCC to negative influence from this event at Asiana.

At the beginning of this year, new airlines were established, including Fly Gangwon, Aero K, Air Premia and have received permission to operate. In their applications to regulators, they demonstrate that they are working hard, with new business plans that can be expected to see them soar economically. The original airlines have reason to be nervous, because of the competition posed by these new airlines and their efforts, and they also have to respond to their existing problems and crises. As such, the sector as a whole can be said to be facing difficulties.

To solve this situation, firstly, the nation’s economic difficulties should be solved, and the current boycott has to be resolved quickly, so that flights to Japan can be resumed. Lastly, each airline must make clear that they can give faith and trust to passengers and the world.

December 2019 | 13 SOCIAL AFFAIRS

Extensive Damage to Livestock Farms, ASF

Jeon Yujin Staff-Reporter [email protected]

The African swine fever (ASF) causes tremendous damage to the pork industry once it occurs, as it reaches nearly 100 percent of the fatality rate when subjects are infected with the highly pathogenic virus. ASF is mainly directly propagated by the secretions of infected pigs (e.g., tears, saliva, excrement), with an incubation period of about 4-19 days. However, it does not affect the human body and is not transmitted to other animals. Pigs and wild boars show high fever (40.5-42°C), poor appetite, inability to stand, vomiting, and skin hemorrhage symptoms, and then die within 10 days. If the disease occurs, one should immediately report the outbreak to the World Organization for Animal Health, and international trade related to pigs will also be halted immediately. The African swine fever virus is strong in the environment, so it is not only highly viable but also highly contagious. The virus may remain alive in blood and tissues even after the pig dies, surviving for more than five days during excrement or urine at room temperature and up to 15 days in refrigerated urine. In addition, virus can survive for one and a half years in refrigeration and one and a half years in room temperature. In addition, it can survive for 15 weeks in chilled meat and up to 140 days in cold-stained dried ham, and for years in frozen carcasses. ASF is a viral disease that is similar in name, but completely different from, pig fever, and unlike swine fever, it is more dangerous because there is no vaccine. A reason why ASF it is difficult to develop a vaccine and treatment is because there are many strains of viruses. In fact, the virus, which has a total of 23 strains, is known to have more than 200 types of protein that are made by the virus, as there are many genes. This is why it is difficult to develop a vaccine, but additionally it will be difficult to sell the vaccine, which is why most African countries where the ASF has occurred would be too poor to even afford a vaccine.

The outbreak of ASF at a pig farm in Paju, Gyeonggi Province, has led to a strong initial response. According to the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, the outbreak of ASF is a farm that has 2,400 pigs, and the ministry confirmed ASF's positive at 6:30 a.m. on Wednesday, September 18th after receiving a report that five mother pigs died at the farm at 6 p.m. In response, the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs sent an epidemiological investigation team of its quarantine headquarters to determine the cause of the outbreak. The ministry also carried out emergency quarantine measures on the farms in question, and dispatched six members of the initial quarantine team to the livestock sanitation and quarantine support headquarters to restrict access to farm owners, livestock, vehicles and outsiders. In addition, the ministry has also operated a base sterilization facility and a control post to strengthen disinfection measures for livestock vehicles. However, since the outbreak farm is owned by the same owner, about 20 kilometers away, the first quarantine measure was completed by killing 3,950 pigs, which were being raised on two farms, since the movement of young pigs between 10 and 12 weeks has been carried out over the past week. The ministry then issued a nationwide temporary suspension order for pig farms, slaughterhouses, feed factories and vehicles entering and leaving the country for 48 hours from 6:40 a.m. on the same day, and implemented emergency measures banning pigs from Gyeonggi Province from being shipped out to other cities and provinces for a week. It will also require 6,309 pig farms across the country to be disinfected and to immediately foresee whether any suspicious symptoms are reported. It has also strengthened management of major radio wave factors. Starting the same day, the ministry will ban all remaining food farmers, which are used as pig feed, and will work with related ministries to control the number of wild boars in 14 cities and counties near the border. "To put an early end to the ASF, local governments across the country should be fully prepared for follow-up measures of the quarantine, and related facilities such as livestock farms and slaughterhouses should comply with the quarantine guidelines thoroughly," Kim said. "The Ministry of Agriculture and Food will do its best to put an early end to ASF through bold and swift quarantine measures." "ASF is not a takeover communicable disease, and there is no meat on the market," he said.

The ASF virus was detected for two consecutive days in the wild boar carcass on the civilian access control line in Cheorwon County, Gangwon Province. Concerns are raised that the ASF virus could spread through wild boars. The National Institute of Environmental

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Research, affiliated with the Ministry of Environment, said Wednesday that the swine fever virus was detected in two wild boars reported by the military inside the civilian control line in Jinhyeon-ri, Wonnam-myeon, Cheorwon-gun, Gangwon Province. A field response team from the Korea Institute of Environmental Research was dispatched to the site around 8:30 a.m. on Wednesday after receiving a report that it had found the boar dead inside the civilian control line. At 9 a.m., another boar was found in the line. Analysis of the two pulmonary bodies found the ASF virus. Including this time, a total of five wild boars have been detected with the ASF virus. The Ministry of Environment in China swine fever occurred since August last year, talking on the wild boars for viruses. This is the first case in South Korea that an ASF virus was detected in the remains of a boar in the DMZ in Yeoncheon County, Gyeonggi Province, on Tuesday. After collecting and analyzing samples from two wild boar carcasses found in Yeoncheon and Cheorwon counties on the 11th, the team reported that the samples tested positive for the ASF virus. Garden of safety research team is "The virus is found a place is found in the last virus is found 11 days getting very close to a point." and " the Institute of Environmental Research, the creatures.The infected pyesache is more likely to come. " find and pyesache reported quickly when asked.

In Yeoncheon, Gyeonggi Province, blood contaminated the Imjin River's tributary due to team’s failure to properly handle thousands of fattened pigs to prevent ASF production. According to the Gyeonggi provincial government and quarantine authorities, the bodies of 47,000 pigs were piled up on empty military land in Yeoncheon County as large containers to be buried were delayed during the slaughtering of pigs in Yeoncheon area from the 10th to 11th. However, the rain on Thursday caused a leak of leachate water, with the pig's blood reddening a nearby stream, a tributary of the Imjin River, along with rainwater. Gyeonggi Province and Yeoncheon County have carried out preventive disposal work since April 12 to remove all 140,000 pigs in the area. Due to the delay in the production of large containers to be buried, the team piled up pigs that had been buried in the burial site and carried out the work excessively, causing leachate to leak. In particular, there is a water source in the Imjin River near the site of the accident, raising concerns. The Yeoncheon- gun Eunmul Office is collecting water from the upper stream of the Imjingang River and conducting water quality tests. "While we were hurrying to dispose of the bodies, leachate and leachate were partially leaked along with rainwater," a Gyeonggi Province official said. "All contaminated river water has been completed." A few days later, however, a government test showed that there was no problem with the water quality of a nearby drinking pool in connection with a blood leak from a pig that was killed by an ASF. "The water quality remained unchanged before and after the leachate accident," said the Ministry of Environment

Since ASF is not a disease-causing virus in humans, pork is safe to eat. Furthermore, when heated for 30 minutes at 60 to 70 degrees Celsius, all will die out, so you can eat the pork well-done. However, if infected pork is distributed, it should be banned from distribution of pork from affected areas because of the possibility of the disease spreading to pigs. This is because other pigs can get ASF if they eat food waste from slaughtering infected pigs or distributing meat.

On Nov. 14, the campaign held at the Handon Ingredience Store in Jongno-gu, Seoul was organized to provide consumers with the right information on ASF and to cheer on the Handon farmers by continuing to spend money that will allow farmers to stay in operation. Chairman Ha Tae-sik said, "Since the government and local governments launched a series of campaign for peace and security, consumer spending decreased again and consumer groups are joining us, it's a more meaningful event," he said. "We will try to produce more fresh and delicious pork in return for the belief and support that consumers send us."

December 2019 | 15 SOCIAL AFFAIRS

Football Match with North Korea in North Korea

Lee Doowon Cub-Reporter [email protected]

The football match for 2022 Qatar World Cup Asia Group league, second preliminary round, group H was taken place in North Korea about in 29 years. This was a first football match which was held in North Korea, after the North and South unification football in 1990 august. So, we can consider that this was a quite positive sign and meaningful. However, when we see the process of preparing the game and players’ responses after the game, it was not so smooth and hard to find some good aspects. Instead, we can get to know about the changing of South Korea’s public opinions to North Korea, also real self of North Korea and how North Korea think about South Korea.

The preparation process of soccer match was tough and hard.

First, north Korea rejected live broadcast. Although we did a lot of things for broadcast. For example, south Korea Football Association and South Korea government, FIFA, AFC (THE ASIAN FOOTBALL CONFEDERATION). However, even though our constantly effort, The North Korea didn’t give an exact answer. And furthermore, they keep required about 150 dollars for broadcast. Consequentially, our reporters could report articles from information which was delivered by AFC race director. As a result, people who expected that match, only could watch the process of the game through from internet articles. Second, north Korea limited many things to south Korea football team. For instance, south Korea players couldn’t bring and use their cell phone. And south Korea football team arrived North Korea through the China on October 14 when just 1 day left for the match. So, it caused negative effects to the players. In fact, Korea Football Association keep suggested some ways to go north Korea, like use an overland route and private airplane to minimize players fatigability. On the other hand, north Korea keep argue that the only way is via Beijing and arrive north Korea.

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There was no audience In short, there was no audience in the stadium. Before the game, we anticipated that about 40,000 audiences will enter the stadium, yet there was no audience until a kickoff. Thus, South Korea and North Korea played football at the Kim Il-Sung stadium, with the audience seats were empty. Let’s see some other persons’ opinions who in concerned. The FIFA president mentioned that, "it is disappointing that there is no one in the historic game”. Also, regarding the no audience match, the Korea Football Association explained that "It is not pre-coordinated thing with the AFC. The marketing rights of home games, such as ticket sales, are owned by the host country football association. So, it cannot be made a problem in the AFC."

Interviews with players after the match

After this strange football game, south Korea reporters did an interview with some of football players. First, Son Heung-Min the captain of football team, mention that “The opponent came out very rough. Severe swear words were came and went. I think just returning without injury from these games is meaningful.” From his interview, we can imagine that north Korea football team did a really tough and aggressive game with south Korea. Besides, from other players’ interview, they referenced that “The football game was progressed in artificial grass which makes game uncomfortable. Also it was not suitable as A-match. In addition, north Korea players keep play Roughly with Abusive Language.”

Why they did like that??

After this ridiculous football match, we can notice north Korea’s real face and thinking. If so, let’s see why north Korea act like that. There is a domestic political reason. Objectively when we see the FIFA ranking of both country, south Korea is much more higher than north. Therefore, we can expect that south Korea will win the game. However, north Korea cannot allow the loss in Kim Il-Sung stadium which is pretty shame and bad effect to their national politics. In this reason, north Korea didn’t permit the broadcast and recording. Let’s see more details: It is common for all totalitarian countries to outperform more than national power by investing heavily in sports. In North Korea; a representative totalitarian country, especially football is used as a major propaganda tool for encouraging people's morale and drawing unity. Assuming that the North Korea system is superior is used as a good opportunity to brainwash North Koreans. For this reason, North Korea is highly favored to raising the athletes who performed well in international competitions as heroes. To sum up, we can realize that north Korea use sports as a method to maintain their system.

December 2019 | 17 SOCIAL AFFAIRS

Deception of the National Producer

Yu Jimin Cub-Reporter [email protected]

M-net audition program ‘Produce X 101’ was fixed. The police seized the data from voting and found evidence of fraud. Also, the main PD of ‘Produce X 101’, Junyoung Ahn, confessed they were manipulating the votes and was arrested in November 7th. He said he fixed ‘Produce X 101’ and ‘Produce 48’, the program just before ‘Produce X 101’. The police found that he received bribes in adult entertainment spot from certain companies. If we calculate it in money, he got more than 100 million won.

‘Produce X 101’ is a program that makes a temporary new boy group by some contests. 101 Trainees from many different companies join to this show and perform. This program was famous with fairness because people watching this show choose members. They are so called ‘National producer’. By watching their contest, they evaluate trainees and vote for the trainees they hope to debut. Trainees get a grade based on the number of votes. If they get lower grade than the limit, they are eliminated. So the group from this program should be completely made by national producers. But by fixing it, this fairness was disappeard. The national producers were deceived. Their vote and promotion were useless. Also, debut is getting the job for trainees. Therefore, fixing the votes is employment fraud. They abused the trainees’ passion.

Suspicions of manipulation began in the final round. Debut members were going to be chosen by national producers’ internet vote and message vote. In this round, there were 20 trainees and only 11 can debut. 10 trainees were going to be chosen by those two votes. However, 11th member (X member) was going to be the trainee who got the most number of votes by accumulation of the whole contest. So the accumulated result was also important. Finally, debut members were chosen. But national producers got big suspicions with this result because there were some members that nobody thought to debut. Also, a trainee who was nominated in 4th in the middle of the final show was eliminated. So national producers started to analysis the vote and found something wrong; they found out the strangeness in the number of votes. The number of votes was multiple of certain numbers. By this, many people started to doubt and complain to M-net. So M-net asked the police to investigate.

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‘Produce X 101’ was the last series of the Produce series. There were ‘Produce 101’, ‘Produce 101 2’, and ‘Produce 48’ before it. By these programs, ‘IOI’, ‘Wanna One’, ‘IZONE’, and ‘X-1’ debuted. During these, there were many controversies with the amount of appearances. As most of the programs do, they also had to edit what they recorded before broadcasting. In this process, there were some trainees who appeared regularly. In contrast, some even don’t appear at all. Despite how much the trainees tried, they couldn’t get fame and many votes if they don’t appear at the show. National producers called it ‘editing of the devil’. Also, trainees were forced not to disclose anything related with the program. Even, they didn’t get the appearance fee.

However, there was also manipulation in another M-net audition program. A trainee from the program ‘Idol School’ revealed the fraud. Before the start of the program, there was a big audition with 3,000 trainees. 41 trainees had to be chosen from them. But she said most of the chosen trainees weren’t there. She said M-net just used 3,000 trainees for the issue and made a program with chosen trainees. Also, she said the accommodations were really poor. The room they slept smelled of paint and there were no windows. Some trainees got skin problems from staying there. Even, they couldn’t eat and sleep well. All of the schedules of trainees were controlled by producers. After her whistle blowing, people argued a lot. The police said they will also investigate for other M-net audition programs including ‘Idol School’.

‘IZONE’ and ‘X-1’, groups from Produce series, are now working as a singer. But by these acts of fraud coming to light, their acts are limited. IZONE was planning to release a new album and have a show, but it has been delayed. Also, they were edited in the program they recorded. Some programs gave up to broadcast. It is a big hit for them. X-1 was limited even from debut. Voting fraud was suspected just before their debut so they couldn’t do many things and appear on many programs as they wished. They got prominently less focus compared to other groups made by Produce series. Now the fraud has been revealed, so people are paying attention to what fate “’IZONE’ and ‘X-1’ will face.

December 2019 | 19 INTERNATIONAL

Be Declared a State of Emergency in Chile

Lee Kyounghyun Editor-in-Chief [email protected]

A state of emergency has been declared in Chile

Following violent protests that have erupted in Santiago, the capital city of Chile, for the first time in 30 years a state of emergency has been declared by the government and Sebastian Pinera, the Chilean president. Freedom of movement and assembly can be restricted when a state of emergency has been declared. The army has tried to maintain public law and order. A state of emergency in Chile is for the first time in 30 years and the army imposed a dusk-til-dawn curfew. Street protesters deliberately started a fire at a subway station and on a bus to express complaints. Also, bands of protesters preyed upon defenseless supermarkets. To quell the demonstrations, the police launched tear gas and used water cannons. More than 300 people were arrested and hundreds of protesters and police officers wounded on Friday night. A first death was reported due to arson. The major press Bloomberg reported that “It is the worst civil discontent in Santiago since the end of Pinochet’s dictatorship in 1990.” The violent protests even spread to Santiago’s neighboring cities.

Raising subway fares was only a catalyst of violent protests

The violent protests began and gradually were aggravated following the raising of subway fares. Due to recent oil price hikes and peso Chileno (Chilean Peso; CLP) dropping in value, the government raised the subway fares from 800 CLP (about 1,328 KRW) to 830 CLP (about 1,378 KRW). The subway fare of Santiago has been raised on January 2019 and it has more than doubled in the last twelve years. For this reason, civil unrest burst into flame. The major press Guardian commented, “The reason why the violent protests began is the result of complaints due to economic difficulties, especially after public utility charges were raised.” Guardian analyzed that, center-right president, Sebastian Pinera’s neo-liberal policy faced civil discontent. Santiago has ranked among the most expensive cities in the Latin America since 10 years ago. The prices in Santiago is notorious for rip-off costs. While Korea’s per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2018 is $30,000, Chile’s per capita GDP is $15,000 in 2018. But the prices of goods in Santiago are now on a par or higher with Seoul. The New York Times explained that “Raising subway fares is just a spark of the protests” by interviewee’s comment. At first glance, the raising of 30 CLP is the reason of the violent protests, but it has only ignited public anger. The citizen who interviewed with NYT expressed his anger by saying that “The violent demonstrations are beginning because the government has never listened to public words before. “I think senior officials of government are another square.” NYT analyzed “The anger of Chilean citizens’ anger exploded due to the rising cost of living, calamitous level of pensions, and poor health & education system.” This fare increase has especially

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raised the hackles of Chilean citizens, because now in Chile is the worst time which poor and middle class to the wealthy’s living costs are escalating and wages are stagnant. Bloomberg reported, “The announcement of proposed electrical prices was just a few weeks ago, the new raising transportation fare has been announced” and “President Pinera will be the hardest hit in his political career”.

Chile’s long festering issue revealed

Chile was known as comparatively more stable than other countries in the Latin America. Chile has been at the top of the list of economic growth and democracy is well established in Latin America. But various facts were brought to light by the protests. Bloomberg explained, “In recent decades, Chile has appeared to be the calmest and most stable growing country among the unstable Latin America countries, but this time, there have been some ups and downs”. Also BBC explained, “Chile has been seen as the richest country in the region, but the internal divisions due to the big gap between rich and poor have been revealed.” The situation has worsened as the Chilean president, Pinera, announced in the live TV speech that “The government will listen to the people’s voice.” and “The government will waive the proposed transportation fare increase”. But the anger seemed to not be easily appeased. The protesters announced the national strike. BBC reported, “The worst situation over the decades.”, “The cultural sports and other fields of events have been cancelled”, “Stores which are located in the main street are closed”, and “All the subways have stopped running.”

President Pinera’s Cabinet reshuffle

Due to political crisis, Chilean government reshuffle 1/3 of president Pinera’s cabinet. This is a big political shakeup. But annoyed demonstrators had demanded the departure of the president. According to Guardian, President Pinera fired his cousin, the minister of the home affairs, Andrés Chadwick and seven other ministers. President Pinera’s popular support plunged to 10%. He noticed that “Chile is facing difficult days” and “Chile has been changed and the government needs to change while facing a new world and a new challenge.” In fact, he admitted that the reshuffle was aimed at assuaging protester’s anger. However, it is not expected that the reshuffle will calm the current situation. The protesters also announced massive protests after the announcement. The leader of the socialist party which the opposition party of the government called, “Chile needs a change more than reshuffle.” Left-leaning PPD party’s leader also said, “I hope there will be a real change, not a stage scene with applause”.

December 2019 | 21 INTERNATIONAL

Anti-Extradition Law Amendment Bill Movement in Hongkong

Choi Yunyeong Desk-Manager [email protected]

In Hong Kong, protests have broken out against a bill that would allow Hong Kong to extradite fugitives to mainland China. This demonstration led to a unified student strike, corporation strike to protest the bill. The cause of this demonstration is a murder case. In February 2019, a man from Hongkong killed his girlfriend in Taiwan. After the incident, the criminal escaped to Hongkong and the Taiwanese authorities were required to extradite the murderer to Hongkong. However, Hongkong cannot extradite him legitimately because Hongkong does not have a bilateral prisoner transfer agreement with Taiwan. Also, Hongkong cannot punish him because they adopted the territorial principle within a scope of application. As a result, in order to solve this affair, the Hong Kong government is pushing for the Extradition Act to make it easier for criminals to repatriate foreign countries. It means the government of Hongkong can extradite criminals to countries and regions where the treaty is not concluded.

If this bill is passed, the democracy of Hongkong ends because Hong Kongers are worried that this bill will not be used to solve criminal cases like this affair, but to repatriate political prisoners. It means the person who supports democracy or criticizes the Communists can be extradited to China. Through this bill, authoritarianism of China can spread to Hongkong, and even the person who is arrested in this protest can be taken to China after the bill is passed. This sense of crisis has triggered large demonstrations.

While more than 1 million citizens were protesting peacefully, there was excessive use of force by the police. The police used pepper spray, hand-thrown tear gas, and rubber bullets to repress the protesters who had occupied the city's main thoroughfare near the government headquarters, as well as the roads around it. To defend against the police’s attacks, protesters wore helmets, goggles, and gloves. As the demonstration become more violent, there have been more victims who have been shot by the police. On November 11th, a police shot a man who approached the police when they arrested another protestor. They shot 3 times toward the man, and the protestor was brought to hospital. The protester who was shot is now in critical condition. Furthermore, teenager protestors were also shot by police. More seriously, a university student who participated in the rally fell off a building to avoid the tear gas from police and eventually he is died on November 14th.

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Also, Hong Kong's government considered the demonstration as a 'riot' so the government arrested and punished the 44 citizens who participated in the rally. However, the serious problem is the girls who were arrested claimed they were sexually molested by police. A female college student claimed that the police stole her mobile phone and forced her to take off her clothes while she was detained. In addition, there was news that the arrested 16 year old girl was also gang raped by the police and even aborted a pregnancy, but the police denied those rumors. On September 22nd, a naked female body was discovered in the ocean of Hongkong. Upon investigation it was a body of a woman who joined the protest actively but suddenly disappeared. According to Hong Kong media, there was a rumor that the arrested people who took part in the demonstration were beaten and assaulted by police in some detention facilities.

In Korea, there has been continuous support of the Hong Kong demonstration hosted by civil union around university town and downtown. After the victims were dead and assaulted by police, the number of Korean advocators of a pro- democracy movement in Hong Kong has been increasing. On the square of Hongik University station, there was an assembly supporting the Hong Kong demonstration and 50 participants claimed 'The government of Hongkong and China should stop police violence and the government of Korea should indicate our position about civil human rights violation of Hong Kong.' Also, Hong Kong people required the Korean government to focus attention on the struggle of their country and they claimed the goal of movement is for the freedom and democracy of all nations, not just of Hong Kong. One of Hong Kong activist said "The advocator of Korean is greatly helpful. There are many Hongkong people who overlapped the current Hongkong situation and Korea movement for democracy in 1980s. We recalled the death of a student named Lee Han-yeol in Korea after the Hong Kong student who participated in the demonstration was dead. Our movement couldn't finish early, but we don't give up and we required Korean to keep supporting us." In some universities, there were collision between the Korean university students who supported the Hongkong demonstration and Chinese students who opposed them. In 'Korea University', the Korean students posted a hand-written posters that is about supporting the struggle of Hongkong with the claim that requirement of Hong Kong protestors are right. However, the posters were damaged and were torn. In the online community of the university, some users said they saw some Chinese students tore the paper. Also, the posters of condemning the demo of Hong Kong also were also posted. 'The gathering of Chinese student' in Korea university claimed the protestors of Hong Kong are using violence and it is not democracy. In addition, in 'Yonsei University', the banner that is about the supporting the movement of Hong Kong was also damaged.

A million of the participants of the demonstration show how Hong Kong people considered this situation as serious problem. The cause of the demonstration is a rape murder, but it spread to the struggle for demonstration of Hong Kong as well as protection of human rights.

December 2019 | 23 INTERNATIONAL

Joker and Copycat Crime

Lee Jaemin Cub-Reporter [email protected]

The movie, Joker, was released on October. 2, 2019. Joker has gained popularity in both South Korea and other foreign theaters. Joker’s summary is about a middle-aged white man who feels alienated from society. He is redeemed by violence and crime.

As the movie opens and receives success, foreign countries are worried about copycat crimes. Los Angeles state police in the United States stepped up patrols near theaters when Joker was released. The famous U.S. theater, Landmark’s Century Centre Cinema, has banned all Joker costumes in theaters. In some theaters, there were security checks before the movie.

According to overseas news reports, Lebanese and Iraqi artists are using Joker Characters on protest posters and social media. A social researcher said “The power struggle between the rich and the ordinary person in the movie, Joker, resonated with the Lebanese protesters. Lebanese society is now filled with the weak and extremely frustrated oppressed, and they are looking for hope.”

In Hong Kong, government has banned wearing masks at rallies. But protesters dressed like Jokers from the movie in protest to the government.

In Santiago, Chile, someone spray-pained a statue, saying “We are all clowns.” As we know, Joker is a clown.

The reason why society is so concerned about copycat crimes is because of the Aurora Theater Shooting in the U.S. in 2012.

James Eagan Holmes (born December 13, 1987) fired rifles and tear gas at film-goers who came to see Dark Knight Rises. In Dark Knight Rises, Joker and Batman are the main characters. Twelve people were killed and more than 50 seriously injured in the incident. James had red hair at the time of his arrest, and he recounted, “I am Joker” to the police. Many several handmade grenades, booby traps and Batman masks were also found during the search. The court sentenced him to life in prison and he is now serving time.

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The U.S. military warned of violence or terror by copycat crime from the movie, Joker. In fact, as the Incel (involuntary celibacy group) started a violent or rampage that terrorized other citizens, a video of police suppressing it spread. As the video spread, U.S. police warned of crimes and terrors by these groups. As the Incel’s shooting spree grew more serious, the bereaved families issued an official statement asking for support for gun control to prevent further copycat crimes form occurring when Joker was released. Also, the bereaved families sent letters to the production company of Joker, “There is much unnecessary scenes of violence in the pre-release video.”

The production company's answer to the letter was: "Not a movie, not a producer, nor a film company supports Joker as a hero. I don't intend to portray Joker as a hero," he said, requiring people to look at him as a fiction character.

The Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) has assigned Joker an "R" rating because of concerns about copycat crimes. But in South Korea, Joker is a teen-viewed film. The National Assembly of the republic of Korea has conducted a parliamentary audit of the video quality rating committee over the age regulation for viewing. In the audit, critics pointed out that the ratings of Joker and other famous films are being judged to be overly lenient.

One professor said, “If a minor sees Joker, they can identify themselves with a criminal’s compassion or with a criminal.” Therefore, Joker viewing should be rated higher. Copycat risk is a standard for classifying copycat stimuli for murder, suicide, violence and bullying in schools, the use of weapons, etc. A 15-year- old viewer means that there are dangerous elements that can be copied, but they are not intended to encourage or justify them. A movie that is does not describe in detail about suicide, self-inflicted acts, violence, and does not express weapons is classified as a movie appropriate 15-year-old viewer. The rating for teenagers not allowed is a video clip that is not available to minors under the age of 18, including those attending school. Seven factors of consideration, which are the criteria for classifying, are concrete, and direct.

What do you think? Is Joker suitable for a 15-year- old movie-goer? Or do you think it's too lenient? I don’t think we can blame copycat crime on movies. And I think the problem lies with the criminal, not the movie. But as long as these people still exist and there are cases of damage resulting from them, the "negative ripple effects that movies can bring" can never be overlooked. The concern that comes not only with Joker, but also with copycat risks, is perhaps a natural consequence and is a responsibility the film has to manage.

December 2019 | 25 INTERVIEW

Invisible Helpers: The Faculty Assistants

Yoo Jinho Desk-Manager [email protected]

Every department of Mokwon University has an assistant. These are people who help students have a more comfortable college life. Today’s interviewee is Yongcheol Chang who works as an assistant at the Stokes College of Mokwon University.

Q1. I’m glad to meet you. Please introduce yourself.

Chang: Hello. My name is Yongcheol Chang and I work as an assistant at the Stokes College of Mokwon University. I am a graduate of Mokwon University, and I was a reporter and editor-in-chief of Mokwon Chimes for three years while I was studying at Mokwon University.

language exchange club to communicate with Q2. What did you do before this job? various foreign speakers in English. My experience Chang: I went back to school after finishing my with Mokwon Chimes helped me to improve my military service in 2015 and joined Mokwon Chimes English writing skills, which helped me communicate in 2016. I was a reporter for 3 years, and after with foreign speakers by e-mail when I worked as a graduation, I worked as a Professional Convention professional convention organizer. Organizer (PCO). I worked on planning various international conferences and events. Q4. Why did you choose a different job from your major? Q3. What did you prepare for that job? Chang: I also liked my major, English education. Chang: I thought I had to be good at English to do I really enjoyed teaching students and I thought this job. I was really interested in studying English that the path of an educator fits me well. But after since when I was young. I studied English in United graduation, I realized that the job in which I meet Kingdom and United States when I was young. various foreigners might be better suited for me. Afterwards, to improve my English skill, I worked This led me to choose a different path from my as an interpreter at the APCS (Asia Pacific Cities major. So, I worked as a professional convention Summit & Mayors’ Forum) in 2017. After that, I also organizer who plans international conference for prepared TOEIC and OPIc exam. I got 915 points a while. Now, I am preparing for an international on TOEIC exam to get a job, and I also got the company where many foreign people are working in. highest grade of AL on OPIc exam. Also, I joined It is a different path from my major, but it is related in some ways.

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Q4. What is your job now? Q8. What have you prepared for this job?

Chang: Now, I am working as an assistant of Stokes Chang: I made a lot of effort to improve my College of Mokwon University. I am responsible for computer skills. I'm doing a lot of work using basic English subject. My job is assisting professors computers while working as an assistant. It is a who are in the division of Basic Liberal Arts. I'm necessary skill not only for this job but also for other also preparing mock TOEIC exam to improve work, so I recommend that you to improve your students’ English skill. In addition, I am managing computer ability before graduate from university. ITQ and GTQ exam which are computer ability test. I receive test schedules from the Korea Productivity Q9. What are the differences between Center, assigning supervisors of ITQ and GTQ tests studying as a student and working as an conducted at schools and assigning classrooms. I employee? am also in charge of helping professors to ensure that English 1 through 6 midterm and final exams Chang: When I was a student, I didn't know that are carried out smoothly. Lastly, I schedule all of all of assistants worked hard for students. Working the subjects of basic liberal arts in the summer and as an employee, I noticed that all the assistants winter vacation to prepare next semester. and professors are making a lot of effort to teach students good lessons and developing more Q6. When do you feel rewarded while you effective education programs for their students. work? Especially, I always appreciate to foreign professors who are teaching students good lessons and Chang: I feel rewarded when communicating thankful to their consideration. with foreign professors in English everyday as an assistant, and I also feel rewarded when students Q10. Is there anything you want to say to and professors of Mokwon University are satisfied the students? with their school life. I always feel grateful for students’ and professors’ praise. This becomes the Chang: I think I'm not a good enough person who most powerful motive to work for me. can advise students. But I want to give an advice to the students on a graduate's point of view. My Q7. What is required to do this job? motto on life is “Do what you love, love what you do”. I think if students try to do what you want while Chang: Nothing special is needed, but since it is they are studying in university, you can achieve assisting a course in basic English, I think English your goals more easily. Also, I want to advise that skill to communicate with foreign professors is please prepare yourself for the real world before you recommended. And as an employee, mind of graduate. It may be hard for students to study, but devotion and passion are recommended to address if you think it's a preparing process for your future students' complaints. job, you'll be able to achieve your dream more easily when you graduate. As it is a cold winter, please take care yourself and don’t catch a cold!

December 2019 | 27 INTERVIEW

Press of Mokwon University

Yang Hwidong Desk-Manager [email protected]

Already, the end of the year is nearing. People may feel pleasure or regret. In 2019, there was a lot of good and bad news. Of course, there was a lot of news in Mokwon University, including new student council, school festival, and forest fire. You can check this news in our Mokwon newspaper, Mokwon Chimes, school magazine, and school broadcast. We hope you enjoyed our newspapers, magazines, and broadcasting. Let us check and look back on what our press does, and what our press has done this year and interview of editor and director.

1. Entire Press

First let us check what our all of our press groups have done. There are four press groups in our school. Mokwon University Press, Mokwon Chimes, Mokwon Broadcasting (MBS), and Mokwon school magazine. We selected new cub-reporters. Also, we elected a new president of the press and changed our Chief editors and director. During the summer, we went to a workshop. Also, some reporters went overseas to cover stories. Finally, in November, every press group did an inspection of the student council election.

2. Mokwon University Press

In Mokwon University Press, there were a lot of publications. Every month, Mokwon University Press publishes newspapers. Our Mokwon University Press’s newspapers deliver many kinds of useful and enjoyable content, pertaining to Mokwon University news and Korea news. On page 12 of the newspaper, there are reader quizzes. If your answers are correct, you can receive a gift card through a lottery. And, you can make a “Mokwon Sound”. It is a kind of report to Mokwon University Press. If your report is selected, your essay will be included in the newspaper. You can also participate in a survey in Mokwon University Press Facebook page. You can visit and get more information in their Facebook page. Also, you can report your essay and information in Mokwon University Press located in Mokwon University building N 222

3. The Mokwon Chimes

In the Mokwon Chimes, we published four newspapers and held two events. Mokwon Chimes is the English press of Mokwon University. Mokwon Chimes publishes newspapers every March, June, September, and December. Many people improve their English skills by reading Mokwon Chimes. Mokwon Chimes newspapers also includes useful information of Mokwon University, Korea news, and so on. We held two events throughout this year. In the first semester, we held an English speech contest. In the second semester, we held an English pop song contest. You can report your information by emailing our reporters.

28 | MOKWON CHIMES INTERVIEW

4. Mokown Broadcasting (MBS)

In MBS, a radio show is aired every morning at 9:00 AM, 12:00 and 6:00 PM. Also, they held two events; the Mokwon Singing Contest, and Broadcasting Festival. Finally, we interviewed the chief-director of MBS

1. Please briefly introduce yourself. Hello, I’m chef-Director Lee Sun Jae of MBS 2. What has MBS done throughout this year? We did radio broadcast every 8:30~50 AM, 12:20~40, 5:50~6:20 PM. We do our broadcasting according to our timetable. In the morning, we report the news. And at lunchtime and in the afternoon, we broadcast with liberal articles. In the first semester, we held a Mokwon Singing Contest, and we held Broadcasting Festival in the second semester. 3. What were good things in MBS in this year? First of all, there were a lot of good opportunities to communicate with other people. Even though we were not same age or in the same department, we could have various experiences by many interchanges. Also, personally, I feel I have more confidence when I’m broadcasting in front of many people. 4. Lastly, please say something to the people who read this article. My dream isn’t related to broadcasting. But I joined MBS to build memories while I’m in Mokwon University. There were many hard things that I struggled to do. But as a result of the activities during 3 years I was responsible, I could finish with a pleasure and comfortable feeling. Students, please do everything that you have started even if you don’t always want to do them. Lastly, the most important thing is the result, not our feelings. Finally, to our MBS people. Thank you for following me even though I was director for a short time.

5. Mokwon School Magazine

In Mokwon School Magazine, they publish magazines every semester. In this magazine, there in useful information unlike other press groups. You can read this magazine comfortably and it’s very portable because it’s small. They held a Mokwon literature contest during summer vacation and at the start of second semester. We interviewed the chief-editor of Mokwon School Magazine

1. Please briefly introduce yourself. Hello. I’m chef-editor Shin Bo-Bin of Mokwon School Magazine. 2. What has Mokwon School Magazine done throughout this year? There was an emergency in the Mokwon School Magazine. After that situation, I’m doing work like writing basic articles, correcting other reporters’ articles, and managing Mokwon School Magazine. We published our 39th magazine during the first semester and held a Mokwon literature Contest. And now, my goal is publishing our magazine safely. 3. What were the good things in this year? When our 39th magazine was published, it felt great because my article consisted of one book. Also, it felt very good for me after publishing it. I looked back and remembered all of the meetings I had with our reporters; sharing ideas to make a more useful and interesting magazine. 4. What is next year’s goal and please say something to the people who read this article We will do our best for our magazine will colored and we will continue to try to fill our magazine with more useful information. Thank you.

This was an introduction and summary of Mokwon University’s press groups along with interviews of the director and editor. We will do our best to share useful information with you. We hope you enjoyed our articles and broadcastings in this year.

December 2019 | 29 INTERVIEW

Let’s Go Abroad to Study

Kim Hyeonjeong Cub-Reporter [email protected]

Recently, many students are taking a leave of absence from school and going to short-term language training or becoming exchange students. When I searched ‘short-term language training’ through Naver, I could see several language training sites. In addition, if your major is English, you are more likely to have much more interest in language training and/or becoming exchange student. So, I interviewed Choi Ye-eun, who had been to Canada for language study. Also, I interviewed Hwang Sung-ho, who is currently in the U.S. as an exchange student.

What led you to take a leave of absence?

I was stressed from studying and my life became boring with the same routine of everyday life. I wanted to have a new experience rather than studying my major. After thinking for a long time, I came up with the solution. I didn't want to waste time on it then, so I spent all night thinking about what I should do to spend a year efficiently. Since my major is English Education my reading and writing ability is good, but I think my speaking ability needs some work. I thought by going to a foreign country I would be able to speak naturally and practice with native speakers.

You said you took a leave of absence and went abroad. Which country did you go to and what activities did you participate in? I went to Canada for language study for 6 months. I came back to Korea for the remaining 6 months and started working part time or traveling domestically in Korea. I also reserved time for self-development. I went to a language school in Canada and visited tourist attractions whenever class ended early.

I went to a cafe with only foreigners on purpose. In Canada, we had a lot of parties, so we enjoyed parties with foreigners on the day of the party. I think I enjoyed the culture of the country a lot.

What are the most memorable experiences during language training?

When I was riding a bus or subway, I thought the people had polite manners unlike Korea. In Korea, there are cases when people push or cut other passengers to board transportation first. But in Canada, no matter how old you are, everyone is standing in line, and when you're carrying a heavy load, the men pick up your luggage and put it on the bus for you.

Do you recommend juniors to go a language training?

Personally, I recommend it. Once you take a leave of absence, you have some time to relax. Of course, you shouldn't be lazy just because you have time. If you take advantage of this chance and go to language training for a short period of time, it will definitely help you in the future. In my case, it was a meaningful year because I could see a different world through new experiences, and a wider lens

30 | MOKWON CHIMES INTERVIEW

What made become an exchange student and where did you go?

I am currently attending the University of Mississippi, a state university in the United States. I am studying English education at Mokwon University, but I chose to be an exchange student because I did not have any intentions to teach. I applied to the exchange student program with the expectation of living in a wide world and a place of diverse culture, as well as improving my English would result in branching out professionally. I am taking classes on four elements of English (reading, writing, speaking, listening) in the Intelligent English Program (IEP)

Which do you like better, school life in Korea or school life in United states? Tell me your reasons why.

Of course, life in the United States is more satisfying because compared to the campus life in Korea which is a harsh environment for students because they are being bombarded by classes. American universities don’t infringe on students besides classes, and are well equipped with campus amenities (cafes, various franchise restaurants, a study environment, a shelter, and sports facilities). The sports facilities are available free of charge to students at the school, including swimming, fitness center, five indoor basketball courts, running tracks, and climbing. It has better welfare system than Korean schools and gives students university pride on campus.

Did you have any difficulties while you were an exchange student? If so, what was challenging? I have an active personality, so nothing was that difficult. It is true that Koreans are quickly to adapt to anything and are more adaptable than exchange students from other countries. Just to pick one hard point, I miss Korean food. I can eat Korean food here, but it's bad so I can't taste real Korean food.

Do you want to recommend the exchange student program offered by Mokwon University to juniors? I don’t recommend to English Language and Literature or English Education for students who are learning English. The Mokwon University exchange student system is not a system that allows students to learn their major in the U.S. Therefore, it is suitable for students who have no foundation or confidence in English. Certainly, my English ability had improved. However, if you want to study more in-depth and very challenging, I don’t recommend the Mokwon Univ. 3 + 1 system. Students who have basic knowledge of English and are able to communicate to some extent are coming as exchange students. After the students acquire the required grades at the University of the United States, they are taking a major class in United States. However, the Mokwon University only have a IEP, language Training System, so I can’t learn my major there. If there is a system where you can learn your major in American schools, I recommend to English major or non-English major students.

There is a 3+1 exchange student program offered by Mokwon University. In other words, you will study in a foreign University for one year of four years of college life. The advantage of this system is you can experience foreign culture naturally and can improve your English speaking or listening ability. Since the exchange student acquisition grade is recognized as a major or liberal arts grade, you will graduate on schedule, unlike the students who take a leave of absence. The Universities to be dispatched and exchanged are the Concordia University, lrvine, Boise State University, University of Mississippi, and the University of Victoria in Canada. If you are interested, you can get a lot of information such as qualifications, education criteria, and application methods by entering the Mokwon University website and searching for university life (3+1 study abroad program).

December 2019 | 31 FOREIGN STUDENTS

Various Scholarship Supports for International Students

Lee Yeji Staff-Reporter [email protected]

The number of international students in Korea is increasing rapidly. The number of international students surveyed recently is about 140,000, and many international students study in Korea. However, studying abroad is not easy because of leaving home and family and living in a strange place. For many international students, rising tuition and living expenses are the biggest concerns. I would like to introduce various scholarships for international students. In particular, foreign students in our school are composed of Asians, mostly Chinese and Vietnamese, so I will introduce the scholarship system for international students in Asia.

There are three scholarship systems: government scholarships, scholarships supported by foundations and corporations, and university scholarships. First of all, government scholarships include government-invited scholarships, which can be applied to by undergraduate, graduate and research students. Undergraduate students can apply in September each year and graduate and research students in February. Scholarships are provided according to various needs, such as living expenses, language courses, tuition fees, and medical insurance expenses. More scholarships are given to those who are good at Korean. There are also scholarships to excellent exchange students, and beneficiary international students. There is also a scholarship system for students who are studying science and engineering courses from ASEAN countries. Recipients of these scholarships must be of the nationality of an ASEAN country, be a student in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th grades of the Faculty of Science and Engineering and be fluent in Korean.

In addition, the scholarship system of foundations and corporations includes the Asian AMA Scholarship Program, which is for undergraduates in the field of arts. This scholarship supports university tuition fees, living expenses of 800,000 won, airfare, medical insurance, and the cost of attending Korean language institutes. There are also scholarships of the POSCO Cheongam Foundation. To receive these scholarships, applicants must be from Asia and apply for a postgraduate degree at the Foundation. Full tuition and living expenses are provided. The scholarship system of the Daewoong Foundation Woongtoring School is one of the scholarship systems offered by a foundation. It is a scholarship supported by the Daewoong Foundation and is available to foreign students who are in their third year of university or graduate school. It offers KRW 500,000 per month for living expenses, and 5 months of Korean language classes and internship programs. The selection criteria requires that students must be at least TOPIK level 4, and be able to communicate in English and Korean. External activities and academic performance are the selection criteria, and student potential is also one of the screening criteria. There are many other corporate scholarships.

Lastly, is a scholarship system for international students at Mokwon University. There is a scholarship system called 'Foreigner Special Scholarships', and it is said to be paid according to grades. There is also a Daejeon Human Resources Development Scholarship. It is offered to students who are enrolled in a regular undergraduate course at a university located in Daejeon City. Recipients should have a grade of B or higher in the first semester of 2019 and have been recommended by the president to receive scholarships.

As there are many scholarship programs for international students, I hope that you apply for the scholarships and they can be of help to while you study here in Korea. For more information about scholarships, please visit https://www.studyinkorea.go.kr/.

32 | MOKWON CHIMES EDITORIAL

“Dignity of University Students” Prof. Misook Park (Dept. of English Education)

Recently, there has been something to feel needed guidelines that they will fulfill during displeased. During being busy writing a paper and the semester: asking any questions through studying teaching materials in my office, someone text messages on a cell phone instead of easy knocked out of the office. I didn't answer, more coming into my office, and office-counselling after precisely I cannot answer. The reason is that I scheduling an appointment, and so on. usually think poorly of someone's visiting to my office when I spend busy time on working involved Professor's office is a preoccupied and private in studying or writing a paper, even without any place to prepare a lecture or colloquium, write a appointment with me. Naturally, I consider him paper or books, and treat different affairs related or her not to be a promised person in advance, with the department involving counselling. The depending on that student counseling is conducted office is not a place that a student visits without by an appointed schedule, and also I wasn't keen hesitation or without any permission at any time. to cut off my private procedure eagerly preoccupied In my opinion, even though the office light is on, with studying. students should not come in without any contact with a professor about appointment beforehand. However, although I didn't answer to the knock, a student came into my office and said 'Hi, professor. Nevertheless, it is regrettable that such ill- I was absent from the last class. Please let me mannered conducts have been repeated every know the assignment given then.' semester. I never mean that you should consider professor's office as a holy ground. What I mean is How can I understand the discourtesy of the that respect and solicitude for other people, for a entrance without any permission to come in? sphere of other people, is significantly important. Moreover, it is believed that such words are not important as much as disturbing academic It is urgently required that good-mannered mind or activity of mine since he could receive the related action with respect time and space of others should information from his classmates. be established in our campus or society. Isn't it right that to practice good manners is to become a At the beginning of every semester, I refined students improving the dignity? always give the students in my class some

December 2019 | 33 OPINION

How was this Issue? & Recruiting New Reporters

The Mokwon Chimes (TMC) loves to listen to your opinion. We will be thankful for sending us detailed feedback on (the) TMC’s December issue- anything from what you are pleased or unpleased reading to what you would like to see more of in our upcoming issues. In addition, we are recruiting new reporters. Being a reporter brings a variety of benefits, so please do not hesitate to contact us at any time. You can do it at [email protected] Lee Kyounghyun, Editor-in-chief

34 | MOKWON CHIMES PUBLISHER

168 PUBLISHERS

168 PUBLISHERS

Publisher President│Kwon Hyuk-Dae

The Mokwon Chimes – Established in 1979, and published by Mokwon University, located at 88, Doanbuk-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon, Korea 35349 Tel (042)-829-7337

Faculty Advisor│Prof. Jeon Young-Joo Proof Readers│Prof. Corum O Fallahain, Prof. Daniel Levine, Prof. Colt Worley Editor-in-chief│Lee Kyoung-Hyun

Desk Managers│Choi Yoon-Young, Yoo Jin-Ho, Yang Hwi-Dong Staff-Reporters│Lee Ye-Ji, Go Yu-Ri, Ryoo Jung-Ho, Jeon Yoo-Jin Cub-Reporters│ Kim Hyeon-Jung, Lee Doo-Won, Lee Jae-Min, Yu Ji-min

Art Director│Lee Hye-In

Editorial Office. The Mokwon Chimes, Student Union building N217, 88, Doanbuk-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35349, Korea

Printed by Seoul Print│Tel: 042-472-3000

If you have any questions or comments, contact us via e-mail ([email protected]).

December 2019 | 35