Typography & Thesaurus

Version 1.1 · May 31, 2006

Paul M. Hoffman Copyright 2006 Paul M. Hoffman.

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For copies of this thesaurus in electronic form, see . for Rachel, who kept me sane

Contents

Acknowledgments vii Introduction 1 Scope and aims 1 About thesauri 1 Why a new thesaurus? 2 Development 2 User guide 5 Organization 5 Classification notation 8 Use 8 Extending the thesaurus 9 Sources 11 Principle sources 11 Ancillary sources 11 Systematic listings 13 A. Activities and Processes Facet 15 C. Communication, Information, and Language Facet 21 E. Entities Facet 31 L. Places Facet 33 . Objects and Materials Facet 35 P. Properties and Concepts Facet 39 . Styles and Periods Facet 45 V. Visual Elements Facet 47 W. Created Works Facet 55

v Alphabetic listing 63 Appendix A. New term proposal 131 Appendix B. Identifiers 133 134 Characters 134 Languages 134 Writing systems 135 Software 135 File formats 136

vi Acknowledgments

The author expresses his thanks to those who helped evaluate an earlier version of the thesaurus: Caryn Anderson, Gerald Benoît, Michèle Cloonan, Lorrie Fleming, and Darin Murphy.

vii

Introduction

The and Graphic Design Thesaurus (TGDT) is a new information retrieval thesaurus constructed for scholars, students, and practitioners of typography, graphic de- sign, and related fields. The core of the TGDT is a list of approximately 1,900 preferred terms that have been selected and arranged for use in indexing, cataloging, classification, and other applications; an additional 600 terms are provided as access points to their preferred alternatives. Scope and aims The TGDT is comprised primarily of terminology on typography and graphic design, and secondarily on Web design and the book arts – , binding, and paper. Particu- lar is placed on terms that relate to practice, but terms of historical or theoreti- cal significance are included as well. The TGDT is intended first and foremost as a tool for the indexing and cataloging of works that are about typography and graphic design, not of the products of typography and graphic design – though it may prove to be suitable for the latter. About thesauri An information retrieval thesaurus is much more than a simple list of synonyms; it is a structured, carefully chosen set of interrelated terms. The primary purpose of such a the- saurus is to promote the consistent use of terms in describing and retrieving information objects; this is accomplished by giving a preferred status to terms with commonly under- stood, unambiguous meanings. Thesauri such as the TGDT have several advantages over unstructured vocabulary lists: ¶ They limit synonym sets to a single preferred member, in order to promote consis- tency and improve the likelihood that terms used by a searcher will match those used in indexing. ¶ They include non-preferred synonyms as cross-referenced entry points, to promote ease of use. ¶ They impose a hierarchical ordering of terms, facilitating the discovery of concepts the user might not otherwise have considered and providing an overview of the full scope

1 of a topic; additional, associative relations provide a richer web of connections between terms, enhancing browsability. Why a new thesaurus? Some existing controlled vocabularies overlap in coverage with TGDT, but none has an emphasis on the fields it covers. What’s more, rapid changes in these fields since the ad- vent of computerized and the ascendancy of the Web and Web design have left an increasingly large need for a controlled vocabulary on typography or graphic de- sign. Development

Sources A number of diverse sources were consulted, including other thesauri, dictionaries, glos- saries, manuals, journal articles, and textbooks. To these were added terms from the author’s experience, terms found on graphic design and typography-related Web sites, and other reference materials. A list of principle sources begins on 11. Standards The TGDT has been constructed to conform closely to the ANSI/NISO Standard Z39.19-2005, with the following caveats: ¶ Parts of a whole have generally been included in their singular form, by analogy with the standard’s recommendation on body parts and other cases with literary warrant (ANSI/NISO Z39.19-2005, §6.5.1.1). ¶ Selected identifiers for certain classes of proper names are listed, but are not consid- ered preferred terms. These are described more fully in Appendix B. Term selection The fields of typography and graphic design are no different from other fields in the di- versity of terminology used by scholars and practitioners. When choosing terms, three primary considerations were made: ¶ Relevance. Does the term fall within the scope of the TGDT? ¶ Currency. Is the term in current use, or is it obsolete? ¶ Clarity. Does the term clearly and unambiguously identify a concept? In many instances, a single term may have several, sometimes conflicting uses; such terms are either rejected in favor of an unambiguous alternative, clarified with a disam- biguating qualifier – for example, typesetters (equipment) as distinct from typesetters (people) – or is used only in a limited sense in the TGDT, as indicated by a scope note in the alphabetic listing. In contrast, two or more terms may be fully or partially synony-

2 -

mous; when this occurs, preference has been given to the form that appears to be pre dominant, as long as doing so does not compromise consistency in the thesaurus as a whole – in other words, preferred terms have been chosen not only for their use, but also for how well they fit with each other. For example, the words ‘’, ‘’, and ‘face’ are often used synonymously in compound terms. In some cases, only one of these words occurs: thus, one speaks of ‘fat faces’ or ‘pi ’ but never of ‘fat fonts’ or ‘pi typefaces’. In other cases, there is some variation: where none of these variants predominates, the selection of a preferred term from one synonym set becomes tied up with the selection of a preferred term from other, related synonym sets. Thus, the choice between ‘slab- typefaces’ and ‘square-serif fonts’ is made in conjunction with the choice between ‘ and ‘square serif’. For the most part, a policy of inclusiveness has been followed in developing the TGDT.

3

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User guide

Organization

Terms The TGDT contains four types of terms. ¶ Preferred terms are those words and phrases which are to be used in indexing or cataloging. Preferred terms normally appear in bold type: for example, sheetfed scanners or dashed rules. ¶ Non-preferred terms (also known as lead-in terms) are words and phrases for which preferred terms are to be substituted in actual use; these are intended as an aid to users in finding preferred terms, and appear in regular type. ¶ Guide terms are descriptive labels used to structure the thesaurus, bringing together terms that are subordinate to a common concept for which no acceptable term exists; like non-preferred terms, they are not meant to be used as indexing terms. They are found only in the systematic listing, where they appear in italics within angle brackets: for ex- ample, or . ¶ Identifiers are proper nouns that designate individual, unique persons, languages, works, and so on. Because the set of identifiers is unbounded, only selected identifiers are listed in the thesaurus; these appear in italics within square brackets: for example, [Photo shop (software)] or [American ]. Furthermore, identifiers are not considered part of the TGDT proper; rather, they are ancillary terms listed only for the convenience of users. Appendix B describes the five classes of identifiers listed in the TGDT. Terms that might otherwise be ambiguous contain a parenthetical qualifier: for exam- ple, printers (people) and printers (computer peripherals) are distinguished in this manner. Lead-in terms and identifiers also contain qualifiers as needed. Facets The terms in TGDT are organized in nine facets, described below. As in other faceted thesauri and classification schemes, each facet is “a homogeneous class of terms whose members share characteristics that distinguish them from members of other classes” (Petersen, 1994b, p. 7). These classes are, for the most part, distinguished by linguistic factors rather than simple relatedness. For example, terms in the TGDT that relate to printed books are found in several facets: and book trade in the Activities

5 -

and Processes Facet, book collectors and book clubs in the Entities Facet, the parts of a book (binding and book jacket, among others) in the Objects Facet, and books them- selves – the products of intellectual and creative effort – in the Created Works Facet.

This arrangement is intended to facilitate the clear division of terms into comple- - mentary classes rather than merely collecting them according to the general topics to which they pertain. As it stands now, no term may occur in more than one position in the TGDT’s hier- archical structure; future revisions may allow the placement of a term in several locations – such a structure is called polyhierarchical. A. Activities and Processes This facet consists of terms that denote aspects of human endeavor, including actions and events, physical processes, and more general activities such as fields of study. Examples include preflighting, chromolithography, philosophy, and exhibitions. C. Communication, Information, and Language Terms in the Communication, Information, and Language facet relate to human commu nication, primarily in visual form – corporate identity, FTP, . Terms designating the products of creative effort are found in the Created Works facet. E. Entities This facet is made up of terms designating people and organizations – e.g., graphic de- signers and associations, printer’s devils and collection agencies. O. Objects and Materials The Objects and Materials facet pertains to physical objects, both countable and un- countable (e.g., computers and ink) and is subdivided according to their typical uses – materials, instruments, and equipment. P. Properties and Concepts This facet includes terms denoting properties, both measurable and unmeasurable (e.g., brightness or leading), or concepts (e.g., equity or algorithms). S. Styles and Periods Terms found in this facet include styles identified with particular regions or periods – De Stijl, Pre-Columbian – and is notable for including many terms in the form of ad- jectives. V. Visual Elements This facet consists of terms that denote visual components of written language or of cre ated works; for example, side bearings, whitespace, and arabesques.

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W. Created Works Terms in the Created Works facet designate the products of human creative and intellec- tual endeavor – graphic novels, bookplates, shopping bags, and so on. Listings The TGDT per consists of two listings: ¶ A systematic listing in outline form of the terms in each of the nine facets, showing the hierarchical relations among terms. ¶ An alphabetic listing of preferred and lead-in terms containing detailed information on the scope of terms and their relations – both hierarchical and non-hierarchical – to other terms. Systematic listing Each entry (or ‘node’) in the systematic listing is either a preferred or guide term, pre ceded by its classification number. Although the database from which these listings are compiled contains alternate forms of preferred terms (for example, the term labor relations has the alternative form ‘labour relations’), these are not included in this first edition of the TGDT. Figure 1 shows an excerpt from the systematic listing of the Places Facet. The clas- sification notation for each term is arranged along the left side of the page; dotted indents are used before each term to indicate its position within the hierarchy. Preferred terms are shown in boldface and guide terms in italics within angled brackets. L.60 schools

L.60.10 .

L.60.10.10 . . L.60.10.10.3 . . . colleges L.60.10.10.3.3 . . . . community colleges L.60.10.10.3.5 . . . . junior colleges L.60.10.10.7 . . . universities L.60.10.29 . . elementary schools L.60.10.42 . . high schools L.60.10.55 . . junior high schools L.60.10.68 . . middle schools Figure 1. Systematic listing. The systematic listings begin on page 13. Alphabetic listing A more complete record of terms is given in the alphabetic listing, in which each term is listed with its classification notation, scope notes (if any), and any related terms. This listing includes both preferred and non-preferred (lead-in) terms; the former appear in boldface. The following abbreviations are used:

7 CL Classification notation SN Scope notes UF Used for USE Use instead BT Broader term NT Narrower term RT Related term Figure 2 shows sample entries from the alphabetic listing. character sets mark

CL C. 44. 20 USE pilcrow SN Encompasses sets of char- acters, their encodings into numeric code points, and the forms in which the encoded code points are represented UF charsets coded character sets character set encodings forms character encoding schemes

BT

NT multibyte character sets RT code pages (a) (b) Figure 2. Alphabetic listing: (a) Preferred term; (b) Non-preferred term. The alphabetic listing begins on page 63. Classification notation Each preferred or guide term in the TGDT is provided with an alphanumeric classifica- tion code, which indicates its placement within the hierarchical structure of genus-species relations. Classification codes are formed by appending to the facet’s a period and decimal number for each branch taken in the hierarchy to arrive at the term itself. For ex- ample, the term typesetting equipment has the classification O.3.5.44.78; its immedi- ately broader term, equipment – its ‘parent’ – is classified as O.3.5.44. These classification codes are intended primarily as a means to quickly move from a term’s entry in the alphabetic listing to its corresponding position in the systematic list- ing, but may also be used as a notational shorthand in indexing or retrieval applications. Use Depending on the purpose to which it is put, either the alphabetic or systematic listing may be the best place to start when looking for the best term to describe a particular con-

8 cept. Readers who are familiar with the fields of typography and graphic design may be content to use only the alphabetic listing, whereas others may find the systematic listing of equal utility. When using either listing, keep in mind that only terms in boldface have been se- lected for use in indexing or cataloging. Extending the thesaurus From time to time, users may encounter terms not included in the TGDT that nonethe- less fall within its scope; they may choose to use such terms, but if so they are encouraged to use them provisionally while submitting a new term request form, found in Appen- dix A. Appendix B describes the five classes of identifiers that are listed alongside preferred terms in the TGDT.

9

Sources

Only sources of significant numbers of terms are listed here; minor sources include addi- tional books, journal articles, and Web sites. Principle sources

Bringhurst, R. (2004). The elements of typographic style (version 3.0). Roberts, WA: Hartley & Marks.

Eckersley, R. (1994). Glossary of typesetting terms. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Felici, J. (2003). The complete manual of typography: a guide to setting perfect type. Berkeley, CA: Peachpit Press.

International Paper Company. (2003). Pocket pal: a graphic arts production handbook. Mem- phis, TN: International Paper.

Kleper, M. L. (1983). The illustrated dictionary of typographic communication. Rochester, NY: Technical and Education Center of the Graphic Arts, Rochester Institute of Technology.

Meggs, P. B. (1998). A history of graphic design (3rd ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Peters, J. (Ed.). (1983). Bookman’s glossary (6th ed.). New York: R. R. Bowker.

Petersen, . (Ed.). (1994a). Art and architecture thesaurus (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.

Type evidence: a thesaurus for use in rare book and special collections cataloguing. (1990). Chi- cago: Association of College and Research Libraries. Ancillary sources

Aliprand, Joan (Ed.). (2003). The standard, version 4.0. Boston: Addison-Wesley.

The complete index to Fine print, 1975-1990. (2003). Francisco: Pro Arte Libri.

Crawford, T. (2005). The graphic design business book. New York: Allworth Press.

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Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. (1995). Thesaurus for graphic mate rials : Subject terms. Retrieved April 7, 2006, from http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/tgm1/

Random House Webster’s unabridged dictionary (2nd ed.). (1998). New York: Random House.

UKAT: UK Archival Thesaurus. (n.d.). Retrieved February 15, 2006 from http://www.ukat.org.uk/

12 Systematic listings

13

A. Activities and Processes Facet

A.10

A.10.10 . A.10.10.3 . . business practices A.10.10.3.11 . . . bidding A.10.10.3.17 . . . business plans A.10.10.3.23 . . . commissions A.10.10.3.53 . . . price estimates A.10.10.3.30 . . . decision making A.10.10.3.39 . . . marketing A.10.10.3.46 . . . negotiations A.10.10.3.64 . . . project management A.10.10.3.70 . . . referrals A.10.10.3.76 . . . retail A.10.10.3.82 . . . sales A.10.10.5 . . financial practices A.10.10.5.10 . . . accounting A.10.10.5.10.3 . . . . bookkeeping A.10.10.5.17 . . . amortization A.10.10.5.24 . . . billing A.10.10.5.40 . . . depreciation A.10.10.5.48 . . . financial planning A.10.10.5.48.3 . . . . budgeting A.10.10.5.54 . . . financial reports A.10.10.5.54.14 . . . . balance sheets A.10.10.5.54.28 . . . . cash flow statements A.10.10.5.54.66 . . . . profit and loss statements A.10.10.5.61 . . . financing A.10.10.5.79 . . . pensions

A.10.18 . A.10.18.5 . . publishing A.10.18.5.6 . . . scientific publishing A.10.18.5.8 . . . technical publishing A.10.18.7 . . scholarly communication

A.10.27 . A.10.27.10 . . CAD A.10.27.24 . . collaboration A.10.27.39 . . illustration (activity) A.10.27.39.15 . . . book illustration A.10.27.39.58 . . . scientific illustration A.10.27.39.74 . . . technical illustration A.10.27.49 . . internationalization A.10.27.60 . . localization A.10.27.73 . . photography A.10.27.73.18 . . . cinematography A.10.27.73.33 . . . digital photography A.10.27.73.77 . . . videography

A.10.35 . A.10.35.12 . . certification programs A.10.35.19 . . continuing education A.10.35.29 . . graduate programs

15 A.10.35.37 . . job training A.10.35.44 . . learning A.10.35.53 . . professional certification programs A.10.35.60 . . professional development A.10.35.67 . . professional education A.10.35.76 . . teaching A.10.35.84 . . vocational guidance

A.10.44 . A.10.44.10 . . benchmarking A.10.44.15 . . copyfitting A.10.44.19 . . desktop composition A.10.44.23 . . A.10.44.27 . . editing A.10.44.27.4 . . . copy editing A.10.44.32 . . ganging A.10.44.36 . . imposition A.10.44.40 . . keyboarding A.10.44.45 . . overprinting A.10.44.54 . . platemaking A.10.44.58 . . post-press A.10.44.61 . . preflighting A.10.44.65 . . A.10.44.65.4 . . . digital punchcutting A.10.44.69 . . quality control A.10.44.73 . . rasterization A.10.44.78 . . typesetting

A.10.44.78.10 . . . A.10.44.78.10.16 . . . . composition A.10.44.78.10.16.7 . . . . . strike-on composition A.10.44.78.10.40 . . . . locking up A.10.44.78.10.55 . . . . page makeup A.10.44.78.10.67 . . . . pasteup

A.10.44.78.21 . . . A.10.44.78.21.14 . . . . chemical typesetting A.10.44.78.21.20 . . . . CJK typesetting A.10.44.78.21.30 . . . . CJKV typesetting A.10.44.78.21.57 . . . . mathematical typesetting A.10.44.78.21.68 . . . . musical typesetting

A.10.44.78.32 . . . A.10.44.78.32.21 . . . . digital typesetting A.10.44.78.32.47 . . . . metal composition A.10.44.78.32.47.5 . . . . . hot metal composition A.10.44.78.32.64 . . . .

A.10.44.78.44 . . . A.10.44.83 . . workflow management A.10.44.87 . . workflows A.10.56 . commerce

A.10.56.3 . . A.10.56.3.3 . . . book trade A.10.56.3.3.3 . . . . book auctions A.10.56.5 . . markets A.10.67 . employment A.10.67.14 . . career development A.10.67.24 . . careers

16 A.10.67.41 . . freelancing A.10.67.53 . . hiring A.10.67.53.5 . . . interviewing (hiring) A.10.67.72 . . promotion

A.21 A.21.15 . computer science A.21.32 . humanities A.21.32.12 . . arts A.21.32.12.5 . . . performing arts A.21.32.12.5.16 . . . . dance A.21.32.12.5.30 . . . . film (performing arts) A.21.32.12.5.47 . . . . music A.21.32.12.5.59 . . . . opera (performing arts) A.21.32.12.5.77 . . . . theater (performing arts) A.21.32.12.7 . . . visual arts A.21.32.12.7.21 . . . . design A.21.32.12.7.21.10 . . . . . advertising design A.21.32.12.7.21.21 . . . . . book design A.21.32.12.7.21.35 . . . . . graphic design A.21.32.12.7.21.35.15 ...... catalog design A.21.32.12.7.21.35.44 ...... package design A.21.32.12.7.21.35.65 ...... A.21.32.12.7.21.35.77 ...... typography

A.21.32.12.7.21.35.77.3 ...... A.21.32.12.7.21.35.77.3.3 ...... avant-garde typography A.21.32.12.7.21.45 . . . . . industrial design A.21.32.12.7.21.54 . . . . . information design A.21.32.12.7.21.62 . . . . . interaction design A.21.32.12.7.21.64 . . . . . Web design A.21.32.12.7.37 . . . . fine arts A.21.32.12.7.51 . . . . graphic arts A.21.32.12.7.51.5 . . . . . information graphics A.21.32.32 . . history A.21.32.32.12 . . . art history A.21.32.32.32 . . . epigraphy A.21.32.32.55 . . . paleography A.21.32.32.67 . . . papyrology A.21.32.46 . . literature A.21.32.61 . . philosophy A.21.32.61.17 . . . epistemology A.21.32.61.27 . . . esthetics A.21.32.61.36 . . . ethics A.21.32.61.51 . . . logic A.21.32.61.61 . . . metaphysics A.21.32.61.73 . . . phenomenology A.21.32.73 . . religion A.21.44 . information technology A.21.64 . sciences A.21.75 . social sciences A.21.75.10 . . anthropology A.21.75.17 . . archeology A.21.75.26 . . communications (discipline) A.21.75.26.10 . . . advertising A.21.75.26.10.3 . . . . advertising campaigns

17 A.21.75.26.27 . . . broadcasting A.21.75.26.67 . . . public relations A.21.75.34 . . economics A.21.75.40 . . education (discipline) A.21.75.48 . . geography A.21.75.56 . . information science A.21.75.56.4 . . . information architecture A.21.75.56.6 . . . library science A.21.75.64 . . linguistics A.21.75.64.50 . . . morphology (linguistics) A.21.75.64.74 . . . semiotics A.21.75.64.74.5 . . . . pragmatics A.21.75.64.74.7 . . . . semantics A.21.75.64.74.7.7 . . . . . semasiology A.21.75.64.74.9 . . . . syntactics A.21.75.64.76 . . . syntax A.21.75.81 . . sociology

A.32

A.32.10 . A.32.10.6 . . seminars A.32.10.8 . . workshops A.32.24 . auctions A.32.39 . conferences A.32.39.6 . . professional conferences A.32.55 . exhibitions

A.44

A.44.10 . A.44.10.3 . . collation

A.44.20 . A.44.20.4 . . digitization A.44.20.4.10 . . . OCR A.44.20.4.57 . . . scanning A.44.20.4.75 . . . tracing

A.44.41 . A.44.41.3 . . copyediting A.44.41.6 . . proofreading

A.44.51 .

A.44.51.10 . .

A.44.51.10.10 . . . A.44.51.10.10.11 . . . . alpha compositing A.44.51.10.10.23 . . . . anti-aliasing A.44.51.10.10.42 . . . . dithering A.44.51.10.10.77 . . . . tweening

A.44.51.10.19 . . . A.44.51.10.19.21 . . . . diffusion-transfer processes A.44.51.10.19.34 . . . . duotone processes A.44.51.10.19.52 . . . . halftone processes A.44.51.10.29 . . . animation A.44.51.10.42 . . . color rendering A.44.51.10.42.10 . . . . absolute colorimetric rendering A.44.51.10.42.52 . . . . perceptual rendering A.44.51.10.42.68 . . . . relative colorimetric rendering A.44.51.10.52 . . . color separation A.44.51.10.77 . . . solarization

18 A.44.51.15 . . calibration A.44.51.20 . . casting A.44.51.25 . . computer-to-plate A.44.51.30 . . etching (production process) A.44.51.35 . . finishing (production process) A.44.51.35.13 . . . binding (production process) A.44.51.35.13.5 . . . . hand A.44.51.35.32 . . . embossing A.44.51.35.32.3 . . . . blind embossing A.44.51.35.50 . . . lamination A.44.51.35.63 . . . machine stamping A.44.51.41 . . layout (activity) A.44.51.47 . . A.44.51.52 . . photographic processes A.44.51.52.3 . . . daguerreotype A.44.51.52.6 . . . photo-mechanical transfer A.44.51.57 . . pre-press A.44.51.61 . . printing

A.44.51.61.10 . . . A.44.51.61.10.11 . . . . block printing A.44.51.61.10.17 . . . . chiaroscuro color printing A.44.51.61.10.22 . . . . collotype printing A.44.51.61.10.28 . . . . continuous tone color printing A.44.51.61.10.34 . . . . electrostatic printing A.44.51.61.10.40 . . . . electrotype processes A.44.51.61.10.46 . . . . four-color processes A.44.51.61.10.52 . . . . intaglio A.44.51.61.10.52.17 . . . . . copperplate printing A.44.51.61.10.52.32 . . . . . engraving (printing process) A.44.51.61.10.52.45 . . . . . flat-plate gravure A.44.51.61.10.52.68 . . . . . photogravure A.44.51.61.10.52.68.5 ...... photoaquatint A.44.51.61.10.52.68.7 ...... rotogravure A.44.51.61.10.60 . . . . photomechanical printing processes A.44.51.61.10.60.3 . . . . . collotype A.44.51.61.10.66 . . . . planographic printing A.44.51.61.10.66.5 . . . . . lithography A.44.51.61.10.66.5.17 ...... chromolithography A.44.51.61.10.66.5.52 ...... photolithography A.44.51.61.10.66.5.52.6 ...... offset printing A.44.51.61.10.66.5.70 ...... screenless lithography A.44.51.61.10.72 . . . . relief printing A.44.51.61.10.72.4 . . . . . A.44.51.61.10.72.4.4 ...... flexography A.44.51.61.10.72.6 . . . . . presswork A.44.51.61.10.72.6.4 ...... fine presswork A.44.51.61.10.78 . . . . screen printing A.44.51.61.10.78.28 . . . . . halftone screen printing A.44.51.61.10.78.59 . . . . . silkscreen printing A.44.51.61.10.78.72 . . . . . stochastic screening A.44.51.61.10.83 . . . . split fountain overprinting A.44.51.61.29 . . . craft printing A.44.51.61.45 . . . fine printing A.44.51.61.66 . . . on-demand printing

19 A.44.51.66 . . printmaking A.44.51.70 . . production techniques A.44.51.75 . . registration A.44.51.80 . . stenciling A.44.51.80.6 . . . pochoir A.44.51.85 . . type founding A.99 unsorted

20 C. Communication, Information, and Language Facet

C.10 C.10.11 . application programming interfaces C.10.20 . Common Gateway Interface C.10.36 . communication protocols C.10.36.4 . . electronic data interchange C.10.46 . computer communication protocols C.10.46.10 . . FTP C.10.46.22 . . HTTP C.10.46.34 . . SFTP C.10.57 . computer networks

C.15 C.15.13 . broadcast media C.15.34 . interactive media C.15.36 . Internet C.15.57 . mass media C.15.59 . World-Wide Web

C.21 C.21.20 . databases C.21.20.14 . . bibliographic databases C.21.20.31 . . contact databases C.21.20.54 . . image databases C.21.32 . data files C.21.44 . data storage media

C.21.44.10 . . C.21.44.10.4 . . . floppy disks C.21.44.10.6 . . . magnetic tape

C.21.44.22 . . C.21.44.22.5 . . . memory cards C.21.44.62 . . optical storage media C.21.44.62.3 . . . CD-ROMs C.21.44.62.5 . . . DVDs

C.27

C.27.10 . C.27.10.16 . . control characters C.27.10.30 . . file formats C.27.10.30.4 . . . graphics file formats

C.27.10.30.6 . . .

C.27.10.30.6+ . . . . [GIF (file format) ]

C.27.10.30.6+ . . . . [JPEG/JFIF (file format) ]

C.27.10.30.6+ . . . . [PDF (file format) ]

C.27.10.30.6+ . . . . [PNG (file format) ]

C.27.10.30.6+ . . . . [SVG (file format) ]

C.27.10.30.6+ . . . . [TIFF (file format) ] C.27.10.41 . . formatting codes C.27.10.53 . . hyphenation dictionaries C.27.10.53.4 . . . exception dictionary C.27.10.55 . . MIME types C.27.29 . data C.27.62 . software

C.27.62.4 . .

21 C.27.62.4.37 . . . font editors C.27.62.4.20 . . . content management systems C.27.62.4.28 . . . database management systems C.27.62.4.44 . . . font management software C.27.62.4.54 . . . macros C.27.62.4.63 . . . operating systems C.27.62.4.71 . . . plug-ins C.27.62.4.83 . . . user interfaces C.27.62.4.83.4 . . . . graphical user interfaces

C.27.62.9 . .

C.27.62.9+ . . . [ColorSync (software) ]

C.27.62.9+ . . . [DreamWeaver (software) ]

C.27.62.9+ . . . [FontLab (software) ]

C.27.62.9+ . . . [Fontographer (software) ]

C.27.62.9+ . . . [Freehand (software) ]

C.27.62.9+ . . . [Illustrator (software) ]

C.27.62.9+ . . . [InDesign (software) ]

C.27.62.9+ . . . [LaTeX (software) ]

C.27.62.9+ . . . [Macromedia Flash (software) ]

C.27.62.9+ . . . [MetaFont (software) ]

C.27.62.9+ . . . [Pagemaker (software) ]

C.27.62.9+ . . . [Photoshop (software) ]

C.27.62.9+ . . . [QuarkXPress (software) ]

C.27.62.9+ . . . [Quartz (computer graphics) (software) ]

C.27.62.9+ . . . [QuickDraw (software) ]

C.27.62.9+ . . . [QuickTime (software) ]

C.27.62.9+ . . . [GNU/Linux (software) ]

C.27.62.9+ . . . [Mac X (software) ]

C.27.62.9+ . . . [Microsoft Windows (software) ]

C.27.62.9+ . . . [TeX (software) ]

C.27.62.9+ . . . [Unix (software) ] C.27.74 . statistics

C.32 C.32.3 . computer languages C.32.3.40 . . markup languages C.32.3.40.20 . . . HTML C.32.3.40.50 . . . SGML C.32.3.40.60 . . . XHTML C.32.3.40.70 . . . XML C.32.3.50 . . page description languages C.32.3.50.3 . . . PostScript C.32.3.50.3.3 . . . . Display PostScript C.32.3.50.3.5 . . . . EPS C.32.3.60 . . programming languages C.32.3.60.10 . . . Applescript C.32.3.60.22 . . . Java (programming language) C.32.3.60.34 . . . Perl C.32.3.80 . . stylesheet languages C.32.3.80.3 . . . CSS C.32.5 . information systems

C.38 C.38.6 . trademarks C.38.8 . visual identity C.38.8.3 . . brands

22 C.38.8.5 . . corporate identity

C.44 C.44.13 . characters

C.44.13.10 . . C.44.13.10.20 . . . first-order character C.44.13.10.31 . . . fullwidth characters C.44.13.10.42 . . . halfwidth characters C.44.13.10.62 . . . primary letters C.44.13.10.75 . . . second-order characters C.44.13.10.75.38 . . . . ordinals C.44.13.10.75.61 . . . . subscripts C.44.13.10.75.73 . . . . superscripts

C.44.13.22 . . C.44.13.22.11 . . . alphanumeric characters C.44.13.22.11.4 . . . . letters (characters)

C.44.13.22.11.4.10 . . . . . C.44.13.22.11.4.10.10 ...... ash C.44.13.22.11.4.10.15 ...... C.44.13.22.11.4.10.21 ...... barred ell C.44.13.22.11.4.10.26 ...... barred oh C.44.13.22.11.4.10.33 ...... dotless i C.44.13.22.11.4.10.38 ...... dotless j C.44.13.22.11.4.10.43 ...... eng C.44.13.22.11.4.10.48 ...... eszett C.44.13.22.11.4.10.53 ...... eth C.44.13.22.11.4.10.58 ...... ethel C.44.13.22.11.4.10.64 ...... hamza C.44.13.22.11.4.10.73 ...... schwa C.44.13.22.11.4.10.79 ...... thorn C.44.13.22.11.4.10.85 ...... yogh C.44.13.22.11.4.40 . . . . . lowercase letters C.44.13.22.11.4.65 . . . . . titlecase C.44.13.22.11.4.78 . . . . . uppercase letters C.44.13.22.11.6 . . . . numerals C.44.13.22.11.6.10 . . . . . -Indic digits C.44.13.22.11.6.22 . . . . . Arabic numerals

C.44.13.22.11.6.22.3 ...... C.44.13.22.11.6.22.3.28 ...... lining numerals C.44.13.22.11.6.22.3.43 ...... oldstyle numerals C.44.13.22.11.6.22.3.62 ...... small cap figures C.44.13.22.11.6.22.3.76 ...... titling numerals C.44.13.22.11.6.22.5 ...... fractions C.44.13.22.11.6.22.5.13 ...... case fractions C.44.13.22.11.6.22.5.25 ...... diagonal fractions C.44.13.22.11.6.22.5.36 ...... fractions C.44.13.22.11.6.22.5.48 ...... horizontal fractions C.44.13.22.11.6.22.5.64 ...... piece fractions C.44.13.22.11.6.22.5.77 ...... solidus fractions C.44.13.22.11.6.34 . . . . . Roman numerals C.44.13.22.22 . . . analphabetic characters C.44.13.22.22.16 . . . . currency symbols C.44.13.22.22.16.22 . . . . . dollar sign C.44.13.22.22.16.24 . . . . . Euro C.44.13.22.22.16.66 . . . . . pound sterling sign

23 C.44.13.22.22.40 . . . . pi characters C.44.13.22.22.51 . . . . printer’s ornaments C.44.13.22.22.51.3 . . . . . C.44.13.22.22.51.5 . . . . . fleurons C.44.13.22.22.62 . . . .

C.44.13.22.22.62 . . . . . C.44.13.22.22.62.16 ...... C.44.13.22.22.62.16.17 ...... em dash C.44.13.22.22.62.16.17.40 ...... joining em dash C.44.13.22.22.62.16.17.72 ...... punctuating em dash C.44.13.22.22.62.16.26 ...... dash C.44.13.22.22.62.16.53 ...... non-breaking C.44.13.22.22.62.16.69 ...... three-em dash C.44.13.22.22.62.16.80 ...... two-em dash C.44.13.22.22.62.28 ...... ellipsis C.44.13.22.22.62.28.7 ...... vertical ellipsis C.44.13.22.22.62.33 ...... hyphen C.44.13.22.22.62.33.4 ...... discretionary hyphen C.44.13.22.22.62.33.6 ...... hard hyphen C.44.13.22.22.62.10 ...... C.44.13.22.22.62.13 ...... angle brackets C.44.13.22.22.62.17 ...... C.44.13.22.22.62.20 ...... asterisk C.44.13.22.22.62.23 ...... at sign C.44.13.22.22.62.27 ...... braces C.44.13.22.22.62.31 ...... brackets C.44.13.22.22.62.34 ...... bullet C.44.13.22.22.62.37 ...... caret C.44.13.22.22.62.41 ...... centered dot C.44.13.22.22.62.44 ...... C.44.13.22.22.62.48 ...... C.44.13.22.22.62.52 ...... exclamation point C.44.13.22.22.62.77 ...... section mark C.44.13.22.22.62.42 ...... inverted exclamation point C.44.13.22.22.62.46 ...... inverted C.44.13.22.22.62.60 ...... poetry ellipsis C.44.13.22.22.62.81 ...... square brackets C.44.13.22.22.62.56 ...... hash mark C.44.13.22.22.62.61 ...... parentheses C.44.13.22.22.62.65 ...... percent sign C.44.13.22.22.62.68 ...... period C.44.13.22.22.62.71 ...... pilcrow C.44.13.22.22.62.75 ...... question mark C.44.13.22.22.62.79 ...... quotation marks

C.44.13.22.22.62.79.3 ...... C.44.13.22.22.62.79.3.20 ...... curly quotes C.44.13.22.22.62.79.3.39 ...... C.44.13.22.22.62.79.3.72 ...... straight quotes

C.44.13.22.22.62.79.5 ...... C.44.13.22.22.62.79.5.4 ...... double quotes C.44.13.22.22.62.79.5.6 ...... single quotes C.44.13.22.22.62.82 ...... C.44.13.22.22.62.86 ...... slash C.44.13.22.22.62.86.13 ...... backslash

24 C.44.13.22.22.62.86.38 ...... fraction bar C.44.13.22.22.62.86.77 ...... virgule C.44.13.22.22.77 . . . . symbols (characters) C.44.13.22.22.77.6 . . . . . phonetic symbols

C.44.13.22.22.77 . . . . . C.44.13.22.22.77.12 ...... dagger C.44.13.22.22.77.20 ...... diamond C.44.13.22.22.77.20.5 ...... lozenge C.44.13.22.22.77.24 ...... double dagger C.44.13.22.22.77.38 ...... infinity symbol C.44.13.22.22.77.55 ...... parallels C.44.13.22.22.77.64 ...... C.44.13.22.22.77.68 ...... printer’s fist C.44.13.22.22.77.86 ...... C.44.13.22.37 . . . cantillation marks C.44.13.22.51 . . . combining characters C.44.13.22.51.10 . . . . accent marks

C.44.13.22.51.10 . . . . . C.44.13.22.51.10.10 ...... C.44.13.22.51.10.14 ...... breve C.44.13.22.51.10.18 ...... cedilla C.44.13.22.51.10.21 ...... circumflex C.44.13.22.51.10.25 ...... dieresis C.44.13.22.51.10.29 ...... dot above C.44.13.22.51.10.33 ...... dot below C.44.13.22.51.10.36 ...... double acute accent C.44.13.22.51.10.40 ...... grave accent C.44.13.22.51.10.48 ...... hacek C.44.13.22.51.10.51 ...... harakat C.44.13.22.51.10.56 ...... macron C.44.13.22.51.10.59 ...... matra C.44.13.22.51.10.63 ...... nekudot C.44.13.22.51.10.67 ...... ogonek C.44.13.22.51.10.70 ...... overring C.44.13.22.51.10.75 ...... (accent mark) C.44.13.22.51.10.79 ...... C.44.13.22.51.10.83 ...... umlaut C.44.13.22.51.10.87 ...... virama C.44.13.22.51.10.70 ...... tonos C.44.13.22.51.10.12 ...... bareia C.44.13.22.51.10.24 ...... breathing marks C.44.13.22.51.10.24.3 ...... daseia C.44.13.22.51.10.24.6 ...... psili C.44.13.22.51.10.44 ...... iota subscript C.44.13.22.51.10.59 ...... oxeia C.44.13.22.51.10.71 ...... perispomene C.44.13.22.51.49 . . . . scansion marks

C.44.13.22.51.49 . . . . . C.44.13.22.51.49.15 ...... breve (scansion mark) C.44.13.22.51.49.42 ...... ictus C.44.13.22.51.49.58 ...... longum C.44.13.22.51.65 . . . . tone marks C.44.13.22.51.78 . . . . vowel points C.44.20 . character sets

25 C.44.20.3 . . C.44.20.3.10 . . . ASCII C.44.20.3.16 . . . (character set encoding) C.44.20.3.22 . . . EBCDIC C.44.20.3.32 . . . extended ASCII C.44.20.3.34 . . . ISCII C.44.20.3.40 . . . ISO Latin-1 C.44.20.3.46 . . . JIS C.44.20.3.52 . . . MacRoman C.44.20.3.58 . . . Shift-JIS C.44.20.3.64 . . . UCS C.44.20.3.64.3 . . . . UCS-2 C.44.20.3.64.5 . . . . UCS-4 C.44.20.3.70 . . . Unicode C.44.20.3.70.3 . . . . Unicode encoding forms C.44.20.3.70.3.10 . . . . . UTF-16 C.44.20.3.70.3.21 . . . . . UTF-32 C.44.20.3.70.3.32 . . . . . UTF-7 C.44.20.3.70.3.44 . . . . . UTF-8 C.44.20.5 . . multibyte character sets C.44.32 . C.44.40 . handwriting C.44.40.5 . . handwriting styles C.44.40.5.14 . . . C.44.40.5.14.10 . . . . Arabic calligraphy C.44.40.5.14.21 . . . . Chinese calligraphy C.44.40.5.14.32 . . . . Hebrew calligraphy C.44.40.5.14.44 . . . . Japanese calligraphy C.44.40.5.14.44.7 . . . . . sho C.44.40.5.29 . . . C.44.40.5.52 . . . manuscript hands C.44.40.5.52.14 . . . . chancery hand C.44.40.5.52.32 . . . . half-uncial C.44.40.5.52.34 . . . . Insular hand C.44.40.5.52.62 . . . . printer’s hand C.44.40.5.52.78 . . . . uncial C.44.40.5.69 . . . printing (handwriting) C.44.40.5.69.3 . . . . block printing (handwriting) C.44.53 . C.44.65 . text C.44.65.5 . . plain text C.44.65.7 . . rich text C.44.74 . typefaces

C.44.74.18 . . C.44.74.18.21 . . . digital fonts

C.44.74.18.21.3 . . . . C.44.74.18.21.3.3 . . . . . bitmap fonts C.44.74.18.21.3.6 . . . . . outline fonts

C.44.74.18.21.5 . . . . C.44.74.18.21.5.10 . . . . . Multiple Master fonts C.44.74.18.21.5.21 . . . . . OpenType fonts C.44.74.18.21.5.32 . . . . . PostScript fonts C.44.74.18.21.5.32.3 ...... Type 1 fonts C.44.74.18.21.5.32.5 ...... Type 3 fonts

26 C.44.74.18.21.5.44 . . . . . TrueType fonts C.44.74.18.21.5.44.3 ...... TrueType GX fonts C.44.74.18.52 . . . photographic fonts C.44.74.18.66 . . . press-on lettering

C.44.74.27 . . C.44.74.27.10 . . . C.44.74.27.21 . . . decorative typefaces C.44.74.27.28 . . . display typefaces C.44.74.27.36 . . . expert fonts C.44.74.27.45 . . . house font C.44.74.27.53 . . . job fonts C.44.74.27.64 . . . pi fonts C.44.74.27.75 . . . text fonts C.44.74.27.82 . . . titling typefaces

C.44.74.35 . . C.44.74.35.10 . . . Aldine typefaces C.44.74.35.12 . . . antique typefaces C.44.74.35.15 . . . C.44.74.35.15.13 . . . . bastarda C.44.74.35.15.21 . . . . C.44.74.35.15.60 . . . . C.44.74.35.15.76 . . . . textura C.44.74.35.17 . . . brush typefaces C.44.74.35.19 . . . cameo typefaces C.44.74.35.22 . . . clarendon typefaces C.44.74.35.24 . . . typefaces C.44.74.35.26 . . . Dutch Old Style typefaces C.44.74.35.28 . . . Dutch typefaces C.44.74.35.31 . . . fat faces C.44.74.35.33 . . . Fraktur variant typefaces C.44.74.35.35 . . . Garalde typefaces C.44.74.35.38 . . . glyphic typefaces C.44.74.35.41 . . . graphic typefaces C.44.74.35.43 . . . grotesque typefaces C.44.74.35.43.3 . . . . Akzidenz Grotesk typefaces C.44.74.35.45 . . . Humane typefaces C.44.74.35.47 . . . humanist typefaces C.44.74.35.49 . . . Incise typefaces C.44.74.35.51 . . . Latin typefaces C.44.74.35.55 . . . linéale typefaces C.44.74.35.57 . . . Manuaire typefaces C.44.74.35.59 . . . Mécane typefaces C.44.74.35.62 . . . modern typefaces C.44.74.35.64 . . . neogrotesque typefaces C.44.74.35.66 . . . neohumanist typefaces C.44.74.35.69 . . . oldstyle typefaces C.44.74.35.71 . . . Orientale typefaces C.44.74.35.73 . . . Réale typefaces C.44.74.35.76 . . . realist typefaces C.44.74.35.78 . . . Roman typefaces C.44.74.35.80 . . . typefaces C.44.74.35.82 . . . Scotch typefaces C.44.74.35.86 . . . transitional typefaces C.44.74.35.88 . . . Venetian typefaces

27 C.44.74.44 . . C.44.74.44.10 . . . animated type C.44.74.44.21 . . . elite type C.44.74.44.28 . . . fixed-width typefaces C.44.74.44.35 . . . geometric typefaces C.44.74.44.47 . . . proportional typefaces C.44.74.44.55 . . . sans-serif typefaces C.44.74.44.61 . . . typefaces C.44.74.44.68 . . . serif typefaces C.44.74.44.68.7 . . . . slab-serif typefaces C.44.74.44.75 . . . standard-width typefaces C.44.74.44.83 . . . unmodulated typefaces C.44.74.72 . . typeface classifications C.44.74.72.10 . . . ATypI classification C.44.74.72.20 . . . British Standards for Type Classification C.44.74.72.30 . . . DIN 1658 C.44.74.72.41 . . . PANOSE Typeface Matching System (tm) C.44.74.72.51 . . . Vox classification C.44.74.81 . . type families

C.44.74.90 . .

C.44.74.90+ . . . [Futura (typeface) ]

C.44.74.90+ . . . [Baskerville (typeface) ]

C.44.74.90+ . . . [Bell (typeface) ]

C.44.74.90+ . . . [ (typeface) ]

C.44.74.90+ . . . [Bodoni (typeface) ]

C.44.74.90+ . . . [Caslon (typeface) ]

C.44.74.90+ . . . [Century (typeface) ]

C.44.74.90+ . . . [Cheltenham (typeface) ]

C.44.74.90+ . . . [Clarendon (typeface) ]

C.44.74.90+ . . . [Didot (typeface) ]

C.44.74.90+ . . . [Frutiger (typeface) ]

C.44.74.90+ . . . [Futura (typeface) ]

C.44.74.90+ . . . [ (typeface) ]

C.44.74.90+ . . . [Gill Sans (typeface) ]

C.44.74.90+ . . . [Goudy (typeface) ]

C.44.74.90+ . . . [ (typeface) ]

C.44.74.90+ . . . [Optima (typeface) ]

C.44.74.90+ . . . [Palatino (typeface) ]

C.44.74.90+ . . . [Plantin (typeface) ]

C.44.74.90+ . . . [Times (typeface) ]

C.44.74.90+ . . . [Univers (typeface) ] C.44.83 . writing systems

C.44.83.17 . . C.44.83.17.3 . . . bicameral writing systems C.44.83.17.7 . . . unicameral writing systems

C.44.83.25 . . C.44.83.25.28 . . . hieroglyphics C.44.83.25.52 . . . phonetic C.44.83.25.69 . . . C.44.83.33 . . alphabets

C.44.83.44 . . C.44.83.44.3 . . . C.44.83.44.5 . . . C.44.83.58 . . logographic writing systems

28 C.44.83.66 . . logosyllabaries C.44.83.81 . .

C.44.90 . C.44.90.100 . . C.44.90.112 . . script C.44.90.125 . . C.44.90.137 . . Asomtavruli C.44.90.150 . . alphabet C.44.90.162 . . Aztec glyphs C.44.90.175 . . Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics C.44.90.187 . . Cherokee C.44.90.205 . . consonantal writing systems C.44.90.212 . . Cretan alphabet C.44.90.225 . . Cyrillic alphabet C.44.90.243 . . script C.44.90.250 . . C.44.90.262 . . Dhives Akuru C.44.90.275 . . Easter Island script C.44.90.287 . . C.44.90.300 . . Fraser alphabet C.44.90.312 . . Futhark C.44.90.325 . . Ge’ez () C.44.90.337 . . Glagolitic C.44.90.350 . . C.44.90.362 . . C.44.90.375 . . C.44.90.387 . . Hanzi C.44.90.400 . . C.44.90.423 . . script C.44.90.435 . . C.44.90.437 . . International Phonetic Alphabet C.44.90.462 . . C.44.90.464 . . C.44.90.487 . . C.44.90.489 . . Klingon alphabet C.44.90.500 . . C.44.90.512 . . C.44.90.525 . . Mayan glyphs C.44.90.537 . . Mkhedruli C.44.90.550 . . Mongolian alphabet C.44.90.562 . . Nabatean script C.44.90.575 . . Nagari C.44.90.587 . . N’ko alphabet C.44.90.600 . . North Semitic alphabets C.44.90.612 . . Nushu (writing system) C.44.90.641 . . C.44.90.643 . . Old Church Slavonic alphabet C.44.90.650 . . Old Italic alphabet C.44.90.662 . . Old Permic alphabet C.44.90.675 . . Orkhon C.44.90.687 . . Osmanya alphabet C.44.90.700 . . Parthian script C.44.90.712 . . Persian script C.44.90.725 . .

29 C.44.90.737 . . Psalter script C.44.90.750 . . Roman alphabet C.44.90.762 . . Sabaean script C.44.90.775 . . C.44.90.787 . . Sogdian script C.44.90.800 . . South Arabian script C.44.90.812 . . Syriac script C.44.90.825 . . Tai Lue alphabet C.44.90.837 . . Ugaritic C.44.90.850 . . Uralic Phonetic Alphabet C.44.90.862 . . Vah

C.49 C.49.14 . code pages C.49.25 . file compression C.49.34 . file conversion C.49.43 . font embedding C.49.55 . media conversion C.49.65 . normalization forms C.49.80 . C.49.80.15 . . C.49.80.53 . . C.49.80.55 . . Wade-Giles

C.55 C.55.25 . iconographic systems C.55.37 . icons (computer systems) C.55.57 . pictographs C.55.73 . sign systems C.63 communication C.63.7 . visual communication C.63.7.7 . . written communication C.73 language C.79 languages

C.79.3 .

C.79.3.3 . . C.79.3.3.10 . . . Chinese (language family) C.79.3.3.22 . . . Indo-European languages C.79.3.3.34 . . . Semitic languages

C.79.3.5 . . C.79.3.5.10 . . . African languages C.79.3.5.22 . . . Native American languages C.79.3.5.34 . . . South Asian languages

C.79.9 .

C.79.9+ . . [Arabic (language) ]

C.79.9+ . . [Greek (language) ]

C.79.9+ . . . [Ancient Greek (language) ]

C.79.9+ . . . [Modern Greek (language) ]

C.79.9+ . . [Hindi (language) ]

C.79.9+ . . [Japanese (language) ]

C.79.9+ . . [Mandarin (language) ]

C.79.9+ . . [Tamil (language) ]

C.79.9+ . . [Thai (language) ]

C.79.9+ . . [Urdu (language) ]

30 E. Entities Facet

E.3

E.3.3 . E.3.3.10 . . accountants E.3.3.15 . . art directors E.3.3.20 . . book collectors E.3.3.25 . . business managers E.3.3.31 . . designers E.3.3.36 . . editors E.3.3.36.4 . . . copyeditors E.3.3.42 . . illustrators E.3.3.50 . . photographers E.3.3.55 . . printer’s devils E.3.3.59 . . printers (people) E.3.3.64 . . printmakers E.3.3.69 . . proofreaders E.3.3.74 . . punchcutters E.3.3.79 . . scribes E.3.3.85 . . typographers E.3.3.85.43 . . . type designers E.3.3.85.54 . . . type directors E.3.3.85.65 . . . typesetters (people) E.3.3.85.77 . . . typographical designers

E.3.5 . E.3.5.16 . . clients E.3.5.28 . . consultants E.3.5.43 . . employees E.3.5.78 . . users E.5 organizations E.5.13 . associations

E.5.13.3 . . E.5.13.3.12 . . . book clubs E.5.13.3.29 . . . guilds E.5.13.3.65 . . . professional associations E.5.13.3.79 . . . trade unions

E.5.13.5 . . E.5.13.5.3 . . . American Association of Arts and Industries E.5.28 . businesses

E.5.28.10 . . E.5.28.10.10 . . . advertising agencies E.5.28.10.19 . . . bookbinders E.5.28.10.27 . . . collection agencies E.5.28.10.43 . . . presses E.5.28.10.43.16 . . . . commercial printers E.5.28.10.43.33 . . . . fine presses E.5.28.10.43.62 . . . . small presses E.5.28.10.43.77 . . . . university presses E.5.28.10.50 . . . printers (businesses) E.5.28.10.57 . . . print shops E.5.28.10.65 . . . publishers E.5.28.10.65.3 . . . . commercial publishers

31 E.5.28.10.73 . . . service bureaus E.5.28.10.82 . . . typefoundries E.5.28.10.82.4 . . . . digital foundries

E.5.28.21 . . E.5.28.21.7 . . . small businesses E.5.28.37 . . business ventures E.5.28.37.4 . . . joint ventures E.5.28.37.6 . . . partnerships E.5.28.51 . . companies E.5.28.51.5 . . . corporations E.5.28.51.5.6 . . . . non-profit corporations E.5.55 . institutions E.5.55.4 . . foundations

32 L. Places Facet L.41 libraries L.52 museums L.60 schools

L.60.10 .

L.60.10.10 . . L.60.10.10.3 . . . colleges L.60.10.10.3.3 . . . . community colleges L.60.10.10.3.5 . . . . junior colleges L.60.10.10.7 . . . universities L.60.10.29 . . elementary schools L.60.10.42 . . high schools L.60.10.55 . . junior high schools L.60.10.68 . . middle schools

L.60.22 . L.60.22.5 . . private schools L.60.22.7 . . public schools

L.60.34 . L.60.34.13 . . art schools L.60.34.28 . . business schools L.60.34.77 . . vocational schools L.80 workplaces L.80.4 . home offices L.80.6 . studios

33

O. Objects and Materials Facet

O.3

O.3.3 . O.3.3.10 . . Sammelband O.3.3.59 . . sorts (type) O.3.3.73 . . surfaces O.3.3.73.10 . . . acetate O.3.3.73.21 . . . canvas O.3.3.73.30 . . . cardboard O.3.3.73.42 . . . fabric O.3.3.73.58 . . . paper

O.3.3.73.58.10 . . . . O.3.3.73.58.10.10 . . . . . accordion folds O.3.3.73.58.10.30 . . . . . concertina folds O.3.3.73.58.10.49 . . . . . flutter folds

O.3.3.73.58.20 . . . . O.3.3.73.58.20.4 . . . . . envelopes

O.3.3.73.58.30 . . . . O.3.3.73.58.30.4 . . . . . grain O.3.3.73.58.30.7 . . . . . watermarks

O.3.3.73.58.41 . . . .

O.3.3.73.58.41.3 . . . . . O.3.3.73.58.41.3.10 ...... acid-free paper O.3.3.73.58.41.3.14 ...... antique paper O.3.3.73.58.41.3.19 ...... bank paper O.3.3.73.58.41.3.23 ...... bark paper O.3.3.73.58.41.3.27 ...... bond paper O.3.3.73.58.41.3.32 ...... buffered paper O.3.3.73.58.41.3.36 ...... cartridge paper O.3.3.73.58.41.3.41 ...... coated paper O.3.3.73.58.41.3.41.3 ...... cast-coated paper O.3.3.73.58.41.3.41.5 ...... machine-coated paper O.3.3.73.58.41.3.48 ...... laid paper O.3.3.73.58.41.3.52 ...... machine-finished paper O.3.3.73.58.41.3.57 ...... machine-glazed paper O.3.3.73.58.41.3.63 ...... rag paper O.3.3.73.58.41.3.67 ...... recycled paper O.3.3.73.58.41.3.72 ...... shaped paper O.3.3.73.58.41.3.77 ...... uncoated paper O.3.3.73.58.41.3.82 ...... vellum O.3.3.73.58.41.3.82.5 ...... limp vellum O.3.3.73.58.41.3.86 ...... wove paper O.3.3.73.58.41.3.86.3 ...... antique wove paper

O.3.3.73.58.41.5 . . . . . O.3.3.73.58.41.5.13 ...... art paper O.3.3.73.58.41.5.32 ...... decorative paper O.3.3.73.58.41.5.32.5 ...... marbled paper O.3.3.73.58.41.5.66 ...... printing paper

O.3.3.73.58.51 . . . . O.3.3.73.58.51.5 . . . . . quires O.3.3.73.58.51.7 . . . . . reams

35 O.3.3.73.66 . . . paperboard O.3.3.73.75 . . . parchment

O.3.5 .

O.3.5.10 . .

O.3.5.10.10 . . . O.3.5.10.10.4 . . . . grayscale

O.3.5.10.21 . . . O.3.5.10.21.10 . . . . airbrush O.3.5.10.21.17 . . . . brushes O.3.5.10.21.24 . . . . colorimeter O.3.5.10.21.31 . . . . crayons O.3.5.10.21.42 . . . . markers O.3.5.10.21.49 . . . . palette knives O.3.5.10.21.55 . . . . pencils O.3.5.10.21.61 . . . . pens O.3.5.10.21.61.6 . . . . . quill pens O.3.5.10.21.70 . . . . stencils O.3.5.10.21.76 . . . . styli O.3.5.10.21.84 . . . . writing implements

O.3.5.10.32 . . . O.3.5.10.32.15 . . . . densitometers O.3.5.10.32.29 . . . . line gauges O.3.5.10.32.38 . . . . loupes O.3.5.10.32.47 . . . . microdensitometers O.3.5.10.32.62 . . . . spectrophotometers O.3.5.10.32.70 . . . . spectroradiometers O.3.5.10.32.81 . . . . type gauges

O.3.5.10.44 . . . O.3.5.10.44.3 . . . . cameras O.3.5.10.44.3.3 . . . . . digital cameras O.3.5.10.44.3.7 . . . . . video cameras O.3.5.10.44.6 . . . . pantographs

O.3.5.21 . . O.3.5.21.11 . . . binding (objects)

O.3.5.21.11.3 . . . . O.3.5.21.11.3.14 . . . . . comb binding O.3.5.21.11.3.32 . . . . . loose-leaf binding O.3.5.21.11.3.45 . . . . . perfect binding O.3.5.21.11.3.57 . . . . . saddle-stitch binding O.3.5.21.11.3.67 . . . . . section-sewn binding O.3.5.21.11.3.77 . . . . . side-stitch binding O.3.5.21.18 . . . cover O.3.5.21.24 . . . book jacket O.3.5.21.35 . . . fore edge O.3.5.21.41 . . . front edge O.3.5.21.49 . . . hinge O.3.5.21.56 . . . joint O.3.5.21.68 . . . signatures O.3.5.21.75 . . . spine O.3.5.21.75.3 . . . . concertina spine O.3.5.21.82 . . . text block O.3.5.44 . . equipment O.3.5.44.15 . . . computer hardware O.3.5.44.15.3 . . . . computer peripherals

36 O.3.5.44.15.3.3 . . . . . data storage devices O.3.5.44.15.3.3.20 ...... floppy drives O.3.5.44.15.3.3.32 ...... hard drives O.3.5.44.15.3.3.47 ...... memory devices O.3.5.44.15.3.3.47.3 ...... RAM O.3.5.44.15.3.3.59 ...... optical drives O.3.5.44.15.3.3.59.3 ...... CD-ROM drives O.3.5.44.15.3.3.59.5 ...... DVD drives O.3.5.44.15.3.3.75 ...... solid-state drives O.3.5.44.15.3.3.75.4 ...... flash drives O.3.5.44.15.3.5 . . . . . I/O devices O.3.5.44.15.3.5.18 ...... computer terminals O.3.5.44.15.3.5.43 ...... input devices O.3.5.44.15.3.5.43.21 ...... graphics tablets O.3.5.44.15.3.5.43.34 ...... keyboards O.3.5.44.15.3.5.43.47 ...... mice O.3.5.44.15.3.5.43.74 ...... scanners O.3.5.44.15.3.5.43.74.16 ...... desktop scanners O.3.5.44.15.3.5.43.74.26 ...... drum scanners O.3.5.44.15.3.5.43.74.37 ...... flatbed scanners O.3.5.44.15.3.5.43.74.50 ...... large format scanners O.3.5.44.15.3.5.43.74.67 ...... sheetfed scanners O.3.5.44.15.3.5.43.74.77 ...... slide scanners O.3.5.44.15.3.5.62 ...... output devices O.3.5.44.15.3.5.62.15 ...... computer displays O.3.5.44.15.3.5.62.20 ...... CRT O.3.5.44.15.3.5.62.30 ...... LCD O.3.5.44.15.3.5.62.61 ...... plotters O.3.5.44.15.3.5.62.72 ...... printers (computer peripherals)

O.3.5.44.15.3.5.62.72.10 ...... O.3.5.44.15.3.5.62.72.10.14 ...... black and white printers O.3.5.44.15.3.5.62.72.10.30 ...... color printers O.3.5.44.15.3.5.62.72.10.51 ...... grayscale printers

O.3.5.44.15.3.5.62.72.22 ...... O.3.5.44.15.3.5.62.72.22.4 ...... large format printers O.3.5.44.15.3.5.62.72.22.6 ...... on-demand printers

O.3.5.44.15.3.5.62.72.34 ...... O.3.5.44.15.3.5.62.72.34.13 ...... bubblejet printers O.3.5.44.15.3.5.62.72.34.26 ...... dot- printers O.3.5.44.15.3.5.62.72.34.35 ...... dye-dublimation printers O.3.5.44.15.3.5.62.72.34.49 ...... inkjet printers O.3.5.44.15.3.5.62.72.34.60 ...... laser printers O.3.5.44.15.3.5.62.72.34.79 ...... thermal-transfer printers O.3.5.44.15.5 . . . . computers O.3.5.44.15.5.29 . . . . . mainframe computers O.3.5.44.15.5.41 . . . . . minicomputers O.3.5.44.15.5.56 . . . . . personal computers O.3.5.44.15.5.56.3 ...... desktop computers O.3.5.44.15.5.56.5 ...... laptops O.3.5.44.15.5.79 . . . . . workstations (computers) O.3.5.44.36 . . . machines O.3.5.44.51 . . . printing equipment O.3.5.44.51.17 . . . . digital prooofers O.3.5.44.51.29 . . . . electrophotographic printers

37 O.3.5.44.51.43 . . . . imagesetters O.3.5.44.51.43.3 . . . . . capstan imagesetters O.3.5.44.51.62 . . . . printing plates O.3.5.44.51.62.6 . . . . . phototypes O.3.5.44.51.72 . . . . printing presses O.3.5.44.66 . . . supplies O.3.5.44.66.6 . . . . office supplies O.3.5.44.78 . . . typesetting equipment O.3.5.44.78.14 . . . . O.3.5.44.78.28 . . . . (typesetting instruments) O.3.5.44.78.47 . . . . quoins O.3.5.44.78.58 . . . . spacebands O.3.5.44.78.70 . . . . type cases O.3.5.44.78.80 . . . . typesetters (equipment) O.3.5.44.78.80.4 . . . . . linecasters O.3.5.44.78.80.4.3 ...... Linotype (typesetting equipment) O.3.5.44.78.80.6 . . . . . Monotype (typesetting equipment) O.3.5.77 . . type (objects)

O.3.5.77.10 . . . O.3.5.77.10.11 . . . . beard (type) O.3.5.77.10.21 . . . . face (type) O.3.5.77.10.28 . . . . foot (type) O.3.5.77.10.35 . . . . front (type) O.3.5.77.10.42 . . . . head (type) O.3.5.77.10.51 . . . . matrix (type) O.3.5.77.10.58 . . . . nick (type) O.3.5.77.10.66 . . . . pin mark O.3.5.77.10.75 . . . . shank (type) O.3.5.77.10.81 . . . . shoulder (type)

O.3.5.77.22 . . . O.3.5.77.22.14 . . . . block type O.3.5.77.22.41 . . . . metal type O.3.5.77.22.53 . . . . moveable type O.3.5.77.22.79 . . . . wood type O.3.5.77.50 . . . foundry type O.5 materials O.5.22 . dyes O.5.43 . ink O.5.63 . paints O.5.63.10 . . acrylic paints O.5.63.50 . . oil paints O.5.63.78 . . watercolors O.9 unsorted

38 P. Properties and Concepts Facet

P.3

P.3.10 . <financial concepts >

P.3.10.10 . . <financial balance measures > P.3.10.10.13 . . . assets P.3.10.10.13.3 . . . . accounts receivable P.3.10.10.36 . . . equity P.3.10.10.57 . . . liabilities P.3.10.10.57.3 . . . . accounts payable P.3.10.10.57.5 . . . . debts P.3.10.31 . . capital (money) P.3.10.33 . . expenses P.3.10.33.14 . . . educational expenses P.3.10.33.20 . . . entertainment expenses P.3.10.33.28 . . . insurance P.3.10.33.36 . . . mortgages P.3.10.33.43 . . . overhead P.3.10.33.51 . . . rent P.3.10.33.57 . . . salaries P.3.10.33.64 . . . shipping expenses P.3.10.33.71 . . . taxes P.3.10.33.71.16 . . . . corporate taxes P.3.10.33.71.29 . . . . estimated tax payments P.3.10.33.71.44 . . . . income taxes P.3.10.33.71.64 . . . . self-employment tax P.3.10.33.71.77 . . . . tax deductions P.3.10.33.77 . . . transportation expenses P.3.10.33.83 . . . travel expenses P.3.10.49 . . income P.3.10.49.6 . . . royalties P.3.10.59 . . prices P.3.10.69 . . profits

P.3.22 .

P.3.22.10 . . P.3.22.10.16 . . . copyright P.3.22.10.16.4 . . . . fair use P.3.22.10.34 . . . intellectual property P.3.22.10.46 . . . licenses P.3.22.10.60 . . . patents P.3.22.10.78 . . . trademark law P.3.22.45 . . laws P.3.22.70 . . malpractice

P.3.34 . P.3.34.3 . . algorithms P.3.34.3.4 . . . fractals P.3.34.5 . . geometry

P.5

P.5.10 . P.5.10.26 . . information literacy P.5.10.40 . . literacy P.5.10.52 . . media literacy

39 P.5.10.78 . . visual literacy

P.5.18 . P.5.18.6 . . resolution P.5.18.6.6 . . . output resolution

P.5.27 . P.5.27.3 . . color (chromaticity)

P.5.27.3.10 . . . P.5.27.3.10.37 . . . . nonrepro blue P.5.27.3.10.54 . . . . process color P.5.27.3.10.72 . . . . spot color P.5.27.3.22 . . . chroma P.5.27.3.30 . . . chromaticity coordinates P.5.27.3.39 . . . color management P.5.27.3.39.18 . . . . color calibration P.5.27.3.39.30 . . . . colorimetry P.5.27.3.39.42 . . . . color matching P.5.27.3.48 . . . color models P.5.27.3.48.3 . . . . CMYK P.5.27.3.48.5 . . . . RGB P.5.27.3.56 . . . color spaces P.5.27.3.56.10 . . . . Adobe RGB P.5.27.3.56.20 . . . . CIELab P.5.27.3.56.30 . . . . CIE XYZ P.5.27.3.56.41 . . . . Pantone P.5.27.3.56.74 . . . . sRGB P.5.27.3.65 . . . color synthesis P.5.27.3.65.3 . . . . additive color synthesis P.5.27.3.65.6 . . . . subtractive color synthesis P.5.27.3.80 . . . palette P.5.27.5 . . gradients

P.5.35 .

P.5.35.10 . . P.5.35.10.13 . . . density P.5.35.10.21 . . . fit P.5.35.10.21.3 . . . . closed up P.5.35.10.21.5 . . . . French spacing P.5.35.10.30 . . . intercharacter space P.5.35.10.30.4 . . . . P.5.35.10.30.4.3 . . . . . automatic kerning P.5.35.10.30.4.5 . . . . . manual kerning P.5.35.10.30.4.7 . . . . . optical kerning P.5.35.10.30.6 . . . . letterspacing P.5.35.10.37 . . . P.5.35.10.45 . . . open spacing P.5.35.10.54 . . . readability P.5.35.10.63 . . . text direction P.5.35.10.69 . . . texture (typesetting) P.5.35.10.76 . . . tracking P.5.35.10.84 . . . writing direction P.5.35.10.84.13 . . . . bidirectional (writing direction) P.5.35.10.84.23 . . . . boustrophedon P.5.35.10.84.45 . . . . left-to-right (writing direction) P.5.35.10.84.63 . . . . right-to-left (writing direction) P.5.35.10.84.78 . . . . top-to-bottom (writing direction)

40 P.5.35.20 . . alignment P.5.35.20.14 . . . base alignment P.5.35.20.32 . . . decimal alignment P.5.35.20.71 . . . skew P.5.35.17 . . character protrusion P.5.35.39 . . hyphenation and justification P.5.35.39.25 . . . hyphenation P.5.35.39.25.6 . . . . ranked hyphenation P.5.35.39.38 . . . justification P.5.35.39.38.4 . . . . linesettings P.5.35.39.38.4.15 . . . . . centered P.5.35.39.38.4.38 . . . . . justified P.5.35.39.38.4.38.4 ...... force-justified P.5.35.39.38.4.70 . . . . . ragged P.5.35.39.38.4.70.43 ...... ragged left P.5.35.39.38.4.70.55 ...... ragged right P.5.35.39.38.4.70.78 ...... wild rag P.5.35.39.38.7 . . . . vertical justification P.5.35.39.51 . . . line breaking P.5.35.39.77 . . . truncated setting P.5.35.50 . . leading P.5.35.55 . . optical alignment P.5.35.77 . . settings (typography) P.5.35.77.6 . . . set solid P.5.35.77.8 . . . solid set

P.5.44 .

P.5.44.10 . . P.5.44.10.11 . . . axis P.5.44.10.18 . . . bias P.5.44.10.26 . . . color (type) P.5.44.10.32 . . . contrast (type) P.5.44.10.42 . . . hinting (digital fonts) P.5.44.10.51 . . . modulation P.5.44.10.62 . . . slope P.5.44.10.69 . . . stance P.5.44.10.76 . . . type styles

P.5.44.10.76.10 . . . . P.5.44.10.76.10.3 . . . . . asymmetric type P.5.44.10.76.10.7 . . . . . three-dimensional type

P.5.44.10.76.20 . . . . P.5.44.10.76.20.18 . . . . . compressed P.5.44.10.76.20.30 . . . . . condensed P.5.44.10.76.20.48 . . . . . expanded

P.5.44.10.76.30 . . . . P.5.44.10.76.30.13 . . . . . backslanted P.5.44.10.76.30.49 . . . . . oblique P.5.44.10.76.30.49.5 ...... machine italics P.5.44.10.76.30.77 . . . . . upright

P.5.44.10.76.41 . . . . P.5.44.10.76.41.12 . . . . . black P.5.44.10.76.41.21 . . . . . bold P.5.44.10.76.41.29 . . . . . book weight P.5.44.10.76.41.42 . . . . . extra bold P.5.44.10.76.41.55 . . . . . light

41 P.5.44.10.76.41.68 . . . . . regular P.5.44.10.76.41.78 . . . . . semibold P.5.44.10.76.56 . . . . character styles P.5.44.10.76.56.20 . . . . . inline P.5.44.10.76.56.28 . . . . . italics P.5.44.10.76.56.40 . . . . . outline P.5.44.10.76.56.49 . . . . . overstrike P.5.44.10.76.56.60 . . . . . reverse P.5.44.10.76.56.70 . . . . . shadow P.5.44.10.76.56.78 . . . . . shadow letters P.5.44.10.84 . . . weight P.5.44.26 . . P.5.44.26.28 . . . headline style P.5.44.26.43 . . . inner caps P.5.44.26.70 . . . sentence-style capitalization P.5.44.56 . . paragraph styles P.5.44.76 . . tight rag P.5.64 . measures

P.5.64.10 . . P.5.64.10.4 . . . kappa number P.5.64.10.6 . . . tear index

P.5.64.20 . . P.5.64.20.5 . . . print quality P.5.64.20.7 . . . utility

P.5.64.30 . . P.5.64.30.13 . . . brightness P.5.64.30.26 . . . copy key P.5.64.30.41 . . . gamma P.5.64.30.51 . . . gamut P.5.64.30.67 . . . luminosity

P.5.64.41 . . P.5.64.41.4 . . . golden section P.5.64.59 . . dimensions

P.5.64.59.10 . . .

P.5.64.59.10.10 . . . . P.5.64.59.10.10.3 . . . . . Anglo-American Point System P.5.64.59.10.10.5 . . . . . Didot Point System P.5.64.59.10.26 . . . . caliper (measure) P.5.64.59.10.39 . . . . inches P.5.64.59.10.77 . . . . trim (measure) P.5.64.59.10.77.26 . . . . . foot trim P.5.64.59.10.77.52 . . . . . head trim

P.5.64.59.17 . . .

P.5.64.59.17.10 . . . . P.5.64.59.17.10.10 . . . . . P.5.64.59.17.10.15 . . . . . alphabet length P.5.64.59.17.10.20 . . . . . P.5.64.59.17.10.25 . . . . . P.5.64.59.17.10.31 . . . . . em P.5.64.59.17.10.36 . . . . . en P.5.64.59.17.10.41 . . . . . escapement P.5.64.59.17.10.46 . . . . . font metrics P.5.64.59.17.10.54 . . . . . (type dimensions) P.5.64.59.17.10.59 . . . . . point

42 P.5.64.59.17.10.59.10 ...... American point P.5.64.59.17.10.59.20 ...... Anglo-American point P.5.64.59.17.10.59.30 ...... Didot points P.5.64.59.17.10.59.41 ...... PostScript point P.5.64.59.17.10.59.72 ...... printer’s point P.5.64.59.17.10.65 . . . . . set width P.5.64.59.17.10.70 . . . . . side-bearing P.5.64.59.17.10.76 . . . . . type measure P.5.64.59.17.10.80 . . . . . type size P.5.64.59.17.10.86 . . . . . x-height P.5.64.59.17.21 . . . . agate line P.5.64.59.17.35 . . . . characters per pica P.5.64.59.17.56 . . . . machine unit P.5.64.59.17.68 . . . . module P.5.64.59.26 . . . appearing size P.5.64.59.38 . . . dot gain P.5.64.59.46 . . . dots per inch P.5.64.59.61 . . . pixels per inch P.5.64.59.73 . . . text sizes P.5.64.59.73.3 . . . . composition size P.5.64.59.73.5 . . . . display size P.5.64.59.82 . . . type-height P.5.81 . type effects P.5.81.15 . . blurred type P.5.81.32 . . degraded type P.5.81.60 . . multicolored type P.9 unsorted

43

S. Styles and Periods Facet

S.3 S.3.10 . ancient S.3.15 . prehistoric S.3.20 . Pre-Columbian S.3.30 . Stone Age S.3.40 . Iron Age S.3.50 . Bronze Age S.3.60 . Dark Ages S.3.70 . Renaissance S.3.70.3 . . French Renaissance S.3.70.5 . . Italian Renaissance S.3.80 . Middle Ages S.3.90 . Modern

S.3.90.3 . .

S.3.90.3.10 . . . S.3.90.3.10.3 . . . . Victorian

S.3.90.3.22 . . . S.3.90.3.22.10 . . . . Art Deco S.3.90.3.22.12 . . . . Art Nouveau S.3.90.3.22.15 . . . . Arts and Crafts Movement S.3.90.3.22.18 . . . . belle époque S.3.90.3.22.21 . . . . Cubist S.3.90.3.22.23 . . . . Dada S.3.90.3.22.26 . . . . De Stijl S.3.90.3.22.29 . . . . Expressionist S.3.90.3.22.32 . . . . Fauvist S.3.90.3.22.37 . . . . fin de siècle S.3.90.3.22.39 . . . . fine press movement S.3.90.3.22.41 . . . . Futurist S.3.90.3.22.43 . . . . Impressionist S.3.90.3.22.46 . . . . Jugendstil S.3.90.3.22.48 . . . . Modernist S.3.90.3.22.51 . . . . Neoclassical S.3.90.3.22.54 . . . . Neo-Romanticist S.3.90.3.22.57 . . . . Pictorialist S.3.90.3.22.60 . . . . Plakatstil S.3.90.3.22.62 . . . . Post-Impressionist S.3.90.3.22.65 . . . . Primitivist S.3.90.3.22.68 . . . . Private Press Movement S.3.90.3.22.71 . . . . Realist S.3.90.3.22.73 . . . . Romanticist S.3.90.3.22.76 . . . . Symbolist S.3.90.3.22.79 . . . . Vienna Secession S.3.90.3.22.82 . . . . Vorticist

S.3.90.3.34 . . . S.3.90.3.34.10 . . . . Abstract Expressionist S.3.90.3.34.14 . . . . Bauhaus S.3.90.3.34.18 . . . . Color-field S.3.90.3.34.23 . . . . Constructivist S.3.90.3.34.27 . . . . International Typographic Style

45 S.3.90.3.34.32 . . . . Magic Realist S.3.90.3.34.36 . . . . New Typography movement S.3.90.3.34.41 . . . . Op art S.3.90.3.34.45 . . . . Photorealist S.3.90.3.34.50 . . . . Pop Art S.3.90.3.34.54 . . . . Postmodern S.3.90.3.34.58 . . . . Psychedelic S.3.90.3.34.63 . . . . Punk S.3.90.3.34.67 . . . . Russian Constructivist S.3.90.3.34.72 . . . . Socialist Realist S.3.90.3.34.76 . . . . Surrealist

S.3.90.5 . .

S.5

S.5.10 . S.5.10.3 . . Australian aboriginal

S.5.18 . S.5.18.10 . . Central American S.5.18.21 . . Latin American S.5.18.32 . . North American S.5.18.44 . . South American S.5.27 . African S.5.27.3 . . North African S.5.27.5 . . Sub-Saharan African S.5.35 . Asian S.5.35.3 . . Chinese (style) S.5.35.5 . . Japanese (style) S.5.35.5.3 . . . Ukiyo-e S.5.44 . European S.5.44.10 . . Dutch (style) S.5.44.19 . . English (style) S.5.44.28 . . French (style) S.5.44.38 . . German (style) S.5.44.47 . . Italian (style) S.5.44.56 . . Spanish (style) S.5.52 . Mediterranean S.5.61 . Near Eastern S.5.61.3 . . Persian

46 V. Visual Elements Facet

V.10 V.10.15 . extra lead V.10.25 . negative leading V.10.32 . negative letterspacing V.10.42 . sink V.10.49 . spread V.10.56 . textblock V.10.63 . text page V.10.70 . type page V.10.84 . whitespace V.10.84.7 . . space

V.10.84.3 . . V.10.84.3.15 . . . em space V.10.84.3.23 . . . en space V.10.84.3.32 . . . figure space V.10.84.3.40 . . . hair space V.10.84.3.51 . . . mid space V.10.84.3.62 . . . quad V.10.84.3.73 . . . thick space V.10.84.3.81 . . .

V.10.84.5 . . V.10.84.5.13 . . . character space V.10.84.5.13.4 . . . . ditches V.10.84.5.24 . . . flush space V.10.84.5.34 . . . indents V.10.84.5.34.13 . . . . box indents V.10.84.5.34.29 . . . . hanging indents V.10.84.5.34.40 . . . . indent on point V.10.84.5.34.54 . . . . paragraph indents V.10.84.5.34.66 . . . . relative indents V.10.84.5.34.76 . . . . running indents V.10.84.5.43 . . . line space V.10.84.5.64 . . . space-after V.10.84.5.72 . . . space-before V.10.84.5.83 . . . word space V.10.84.5.83.5 . . . . non-breaking space

V.19

V.19.10 . V.19.10.14 . . dot leaders V.19.10.21 . . fiducial box V.19.10.28 . . filigree V.19.10.35 . . geometric figures

V.19.10.35.10 . . . V.19.10.35.10.12 . . . . curves V.19.10.35.10.12.3 . . . . . French curves V.19.10.35.10.18 . . . . decagons V.19.10.35.10.24 . . . . dodecagons V.19.10.35.10.30 . . . . ellipses V.19.10.35.10.30.3 . . . . . circles V.19.10.35.10.38 . . . . hexagons

47 V.19.10.35.10.44 . . . . hyperbolas V.19.10.35.10.52 . . . . octagons V.19.10.35.10.58 . . . . ovals V.19.10.35.10.63 . . . . parabolas V.19.10.35.10.69 . . . . pentagons V.19.10.35.10.75 . . . . polygons V.19.10.35.10.75.43 . . . . . quadrilaterals V.19.10.35.10.75.43.39 ...... parallelograms V.19.10.35.10.75.43.56 ...... rectangles V.19.10.35.10.75.43.56.7 ...... squares V.19.10.35.10.75.43.69 ...... rhombuses V.19.10.35.10.75.63 . . . . . trapezoids V.19.10.35.10.75.75 . . . . . triangles V.19.10.35.10.84 . . . . trapeziums

V.19.10.35.20 . . . V.19.10.35.20.15 . . . . cones V.19.10.35.20.27 . . . . cylinders V.19.10.35.20.42 . . . . hemispheres V.19.10.35.20.61 . . . . polyhedra V.19.10.35.20.61.20 . . . . . cubes V.19.10.35.20.61.55 . . . . . pyramids (geometric figures) V.19.10.35.20.61.74 . . . . . tetrahedrons V.19.10.35.20.76 . . . . spheres V.19.10.35.46 . . . lines (geometry) V.19.10.35.61 . . . planes (geometry) V.19.10.35.76 . . . spirals V.19.10.43 . . images V.19.10.43.15 . . . computer generated images V.19.10.43.26 . . . continuous-tone art V.19.10.43.42 . . . grayscale images V.19.10.43.63 . . . raster images V.19.10.43.77 . . . thumbnails V.19.10.50 . . line art V.19.10.59 . . patterns V.19.10.68 . . rules

V.19.10.68.3 . . . V.19.10.68.3.15 . . . . dashed rules V.19.10.68.3.24 . . . . double rules V.19.10.68.3.24.3 . . . . . French rules V.19.10.68.3.35 . . . . hairline rules V.19.10.68.3.44 . . . . horizontal rules V.19.10.68.3.62 . . . . straddle rules V.19.10.68.3.71 . . . . tapered rules V.19.10.68.3.81 . . . . vertical rules

V.19.10.68.5 . . . V.19.10.68.5.14 . . . . box rules V.19.10.68.5.35 . . . . head rules V.19.10.68.5.60 . . . . rule fills V.19.10.68.5.75 . . . . tail rules V.19.10.75 . . silhouettes V.19.10.83 . . vector drawings

V.19.21 . V.19.21.11 . . bluelines V.19.21.17 . . callouts

48 V.19.21.21 . . change marks V.19.21.21.3 . . . change bars V.19.21.24 . . decorative elements V.19.21.24.13 . . . bevels V.19.21.24.23 . . . borders V.19.21.24.35 . . . cartouches V.19.21.24.49 . . . drop-shadows V.19.21.24.69 . . . ornaments V.19.21.24.69.4 . . . . flourishes V.19.21.30 . . end marks V.19.21.37 . . galleries V.19.21.44 . . illustrations (visual elements) V.19.21.44.4 . . . figures (illustrations)

V.19.21.44.4.3 . . . . <figures by function > V.19.21.44.4.3.14 . . . . . charts V.19.21.44.4.3.14.5 ...... organizational charts V.19.21.44.4.3.14.7 ...... pie charts V.19.21.44.4.3.27 . . . . . diagrams V.19.21.44.4.3.41 . . . . . flowcharts V.19.21.44.4.3.52 . . . . . graphs V.19.21.44.4.3.52.14 ...... bar graphs V.19.21.44.4.3.52.45 ...... line graphs V.19.21.44.4.3.52.69 ...... scatter graphs V.19.21.44.4.3.67 . . . . . mathematical equations V.19.21.44.6 . . . plates (pages) V.19.21.50 . . keys V.19.21.58 . . position prints V.19.21.64 . . printer’s marks V.19.21.70 . . proofmarks V.19.21.70.6 . . . printer’s query V.19.21.78 . . tables V.19.21.85 . . windows (visual elements)

V.19.32 . V.19.32.15 . . centerpieces V.19.32.28 . . cornerpieces V.19.32.47 . . headpieces V.19.32.75 . . tailpieces

V.19.44 . V.19.44.10 . . Bézier curves V.19.44.39 . . paths (computer graphics) V.19.44.50 . . pixels V.19.44.65 . . splines V.19.44.65.20 . . . cubic splines V.19.44.65.49 . . . nurbs V.19.44.65.67 . . . quadratic splines V.19.44.76 . . subpixels

V.28 V.28.11 . bleed V.28.11.4 . . full-color bleed V.28.15 . blocks V.28.20 . body text V.28.25 . chapter titles V.28.34 . knockouts V.28.39 . marginalia

49 V.28.39.5 . . marginal notes V.28.43 . mastheads V.28.49 . page numbers V.28.49.12 . . blind folios V.28.49.22 . . bouncing folios V.28.49.35 . . drop folios V.28.49.46 . . fixed folios V.28.49.56 . . foot folios V.28.49.77 . . side folios V.28.55 . recto V.28.60 . register marks V.28.60.4 . . crosshairs V.28.65 . running feet V.28.69 . running heads V.28.75 . thumb indexes V.28.80 . trim marks V.28.85 . verso

V.38 V.38.10 . grids V.38.13 . bottom of text V.38.16 . bottom of type page V.38.20 . bouma V.38.23 . bounding boxes V.38.26 . boxes V.38.29 . breaks V.38.32 . cells V.38.32.7 . . straddle entries V.38.36 . columns V.38.36.7 . . stub columns V.38.39 . copy block V.38.42 . corner marks V.38.46 . exclusion zones V.38.49 . grids V.38.52 . grid systems V.38.56 . hang lines V.38.59 . headlines V.38.62 . hyphenation zones V.38.65 . justification zones V.38.69 . keylines V.38.72 . margins V.38.72.13 . . bottom margins V.38.72.34 . . inside margins V.38.72.49 . . outside margins V.38.72.64 . . runarounds V.38.72.78 . . top margins V.38.77 . rows V.38.80 . sidebars V.38.87 . tab stops

V.47

V.47.10 . V.47.10.10 . . aperture V.47.10.13 . . apex V.47.10.16 . . arm (character parts) V.47.10.20 . . bar (character parts)

50 V.47.10.23 . . bowl (character parts) V.47.10.27 . . V.47.10.30 . . crossbar V.47.10.34 . . crotch (character parts) V.47.10.37 . . ear (character parts) V.47.10.41 . . extender V.47.10.41.3 . . . V.47.10.41.5 . . . V.47.10.44 . . fillet V.47.10.48 . . V.47.10.52 . . kern V.47.10.55 . . link (character parts) V.47.10.58 . . loop (character parts) V.47.10.63 . . serif

V.47.10.63.3 . . . V.47.10.63.3.10 . . . . abrupt serif V.47.10.63.3.16 . . . . beaked serif V.47.10.63.3.21 . . . . bilateral serif V.47.10.63.3.27 . . . . bracketed serif V.47.10.63.3.36 . . . . hairline serif V.47.10.63.3.45 . . . . reflexive serif V.47.10.63.3.51 . . . . scutulate serif V.47.10.63.3.57 . . . . slab serif V.47.10.63.3.62 . . . . slur serif V.47.10.63.3.68 . . . . transitive serif V.47.10.63.3.74 . . . . unbracketed serif V.47.10.63.3.79 . . . . unilateral serif V.47.10.63.3.85 . . . . wedge serif V.47.10.67 . . side bearings V.47.10.70 . . spine (character parts) V.47.10.73 . . stem V.47.10.77 . . stroke V.47.10.80 . . tail (character parts) V.47.10.83 . . terminal V.47.10.83.13 . . . ball terminal V.47.10.83.24 . . . beak terminal V.47.10.83.45 . . . finial (character parts) V.47.10.83.75 . . . teardrop terminal V.47.10.87 . . vortex

V.47.18 . V.47.18.12 . . ascender line V.47.18.23 . . baseline V.47.18.34 . . cap line V.47.18.48 . . descender line V.47.18.67 . .

V.47.27 . V.47.27.17 . . decorated V.47.27.32 . . hanging characters V.47.27.32.5 . . . V.47.27.47 . . monograms V.47.27.58 . . no-break text V.47.27.79 . . versals V.47.27.79.4 . . . drop caps V.47.27.79.6 . . . elevated caps

51 V.47.35 . V.47.35.11 . . bylines V.47.35.15 . . captions V.47.35.20 . . catchwords V.47.35.26 . . display matter V.47.35.30 . . endnotes V.47.35.35 . . footnotes V.47.35.40 . . V.47.35.45 . . headings

V.47.35.45.3 . . . V.47.35.45.3.14 . . . . crossheads V.47.35.45.3.23 . . . . cut-in heads V.47.35.45.3.32 . . . . decked heads V.47.35.45.3.52 . . . . rubrics V.47.35.45.3.61 . . . . sideheads V.47.35.45.3.70 . . . . stacked heads V.47.35.45.3.79 . . . . straddle heads

V.47.35.45.5 . . . V.47.35.45.5.17 . . . . chapter heads V.47.35.45.5.30 . . . . column heads V.47.35.45.5.73 . . . . subheads V.47.35.45.5.73.6 . . . . . run-ins

V.47.35.45.5.2 . . . . V.47.35.45.5.2.10 . . . . . A-head V.47.35.45.5.2.18 . . . . . B-head V.47.35.45.5.2.38 . . . . . C-head V.47.35.50 . . jump lines V.47.35.55 . . menus (software) V.47.35.55.60 . . . pop-up menus V.47.35.60 . . navigation bars V.47.35.56 . . V.47.35.61 . . quotations V.47.35.61.3 . . . block quotations V.47.35.61.3.6 . . . . pull quotes V.47.35.66 . . reference marks V.47.35.71 . . ruby text V.47.35.75 . . runovers V.47.35.86 . . subtitles V.47.35.87 . . surtitles V.47.35.81 . . taglines V.47.35.85 . . titles V.47.35.85.6 . . . running titles

V.47.44 .

V.47.44.10 . . V.47.44.15 . . achrophonic symbols V.47.44.24 . . digraphs V.47.44.32 . . icons (interface elements) V.47.44.38 . . imprints V.47.44.40 . . Isotype V.47.44.50 . . letterforms V.47.44.50.11 . . . alternate characters V.47.44.50.11.4 . . . . finials (characters) V.47.44.50.11.6 . . . . characters V.47.44.50.34 . . . geometric letterforms

52 V.47.44.50.55 . . . ornamented letterforms V.47.44.50.73 . . . V.47.44.50.73.4 . . . . fake small caps V.47.44.56 . . ligatures V.47.44.56.7 . . . tied letters V.47.44.62 . . V.47.44.67 . . logos V.47.44.73 . . logotypes V.47.44.82 . . rebus V.47.64 . mark-up (printing) V.47.64.5 . . proof correction marks V.47.64.7 . . type mark-up V.47.81 . type (text)

V.56 V.56.10 . aliasing V.56.21 . banding V.56.28 . Moiré effect V.56.55 . posterization V.56.65 . printing flaws V.56.65.12 . . broken type V.56.65.24 . . doubling (printing flaws) V.56.65.33 . . dropouts (printing flaws) V.56.65.43 . . ghosting V.56.65.53 . . hickeys (printing flaws) V.56.65.69 . . scumming (printing flaws) V.56.65.78 . . slurring (printing flaws) V.56.80 . typographical artifacts V.56.80.13 . . bad breaks V.56.80.13.29 . . . hyphos V.56.80.13.50 . . . orphans (typesetting) V.56.80.13.78 . . . widows (typesetting) V.56.80.30 . . club lines V.56.80.69 . . rivers (typesetting)

53

W. Created Works Facet

W.10 W.10.10 . addenda W.10.16 . chapters W.10.16.6 . . run-on chapters W.10.22 . colophons W.10.27 . dedications W.10.33 . end matter W.10.33.12 . . appendixes W.10.33.25 . . bibliographies W.10.33.46 . . glossaries W.10.33.60 . . indexes W.10.38 . errata W.10.43 . explicits W.10.48 . flyleaves W.10.53 . front matter W.10.53.10 . . acknowledgments W.10.53.15 . . ad cards W.10.53.21 . . bastard titles W.10.53.25 . . Cataloging-in-Publication Data W.10.53.33 . . copyright pages W.10.53.40 . . foreword W.10.53.46 . . frontispieces W.10.53.51 . . half-titles W.10.53.60 . . part titles W.10.53.66 . . prefaces W.10.53.72 . . series titles W.10.53.79 . . tables of contents W.10.53.84 . . title pages W.10.60 . incipits W.10.65 . introductions W.10.70 . jacket flap copy W.10.75 . main text W.10.83 . sections

W.16

W.16.10 . W.16.10.3 . . calendars W.16.10.3.6 . . . religious calendars W.16.10.6 . . schedules W.16.10.6.7 . . . transportation schedules W.16.10.6.7.3 . . . . bus schedules W.16.10.6.7.6 . . . . railroad schedules

W.16.14 . W.16.14.33 . . librettos W.16.14.58 . . sheet music W.16.14.71 . . songbooks W.16.18 . abstracts W.16.23 . anthologies W.16.27 . bestiaries W.16.32 . book reviews W.16.37 . comics

55 W.16.43 . graphic novels W.16.47 . illustrated magazines W.16.52 . instructional guides W.16.56 . interlinear texts W.16.61 . multilingual texts W.16.66 . parallel texts W.16.71 . price lists W.16.76 . recipes W.16.80 . scores W.16.85 . style manuals

W.23 W.23.10 . artwork W.23.12 . banners W.23.15 . billboards W.23.17 . booklets W.23.19 . books

W.23.19.10 . . W.23.19.10.10 . . . abecedaries W.23.19.10.29 . . . children’s books W.23.19.10.29.6 . . . . picture books W.23.19.10.54 . . . illustrated books

W.23.19.20 . . W.23.19.20.10 . . . albums W.23.19.20.24 . . . flip books W.23.19.20.33 . . . hardcover books W.23.19.20.43 . . . large print books W.23.19.20.51 . . . looseleaf books W.23.19.20.59 . . . miniature books W.23.19.20.68 . . . paperbacks W.23.19.20.68.7 . . . . trade paperbacks W.23.19.20.81 . . . three-dimensional books W.23.19.20.81.4 . . . . foldout books

W.23.19.30 . . W.23.19.30.10 . . . appointment books W.23.19.30.16 . . . artists’ books W.23.19.30.22 . . . commonplace books W.23.19.30.28 . . . cookbooks W.23.19.30.35 . . . gift books W.23.19.30.41 . . . guidebooks W.23.19.30.48 . . . livres d’artistes W.23.19.30.56 . . . readers (books) W.23.19.30.61 . . . reference books W.23.19.30.67 . . . sample books W.23.19.30.73 . . . textbooks W.23.19.30.73.6 . . . . programmed textbooks W.23.19.30.79 . . . trade books W.23.19.30.85 . . . workbooks

W.23.19.41 . . W.23.19.41.15 . . . block books W.23.19.41.29 . . . chapbooks W.23.19.41.54 . . . incunabula

W.23.19.51 . . W.23.19.51.6 . . . rare books W.23.22 . broadsides

56 W.23.24 . cards W.23.24.10 . . advertising cards W.23.24.26 . . business cards W.23.24.46 . . greeting cards W.23.24.46.18 . . . Christmas cards W.23.24.46.81 . . . valentines W.23.24.76 . . trade cards W.23.26 . cartoons W.23.29 . clothes W.23.29.3 . . T-shirts W.23.31 . collage W.23.34 . exhibits W.23.37 . film titles W.23.39 . handbills W.23.42 . inscriptions W.23.42.24 . . epigraphs W.23.42.36 . . epitaphs W.23.42.51 . . graffiti W.23.44 . installations W.23.44.5 . . kiosks W.23.47 . matchbooks W.23.49 . motion pictures W.23.52 . multimedia W.23.54 . packages W.23.56 . palimpsests W.23.59 . pamphlets W.23.61 . photographs W.23.61.7 . . slides W.23.64 . photomontage W.23.66 . pictorials W.23.68 . posters W.23.68.41 . . political posters W.23.68.54 . . propaganda posters W.23.68.78 . . war posters W.23.71 . presentations W.23.73 . prints

W.23.73.3 . . W.23.73.3.16 . . . collagraphs W.23.73.3.38 . . . intaglio prints W.23.73.3.38.4 . . . . engravings (prints) W.23.73.3.38.4.5 . . . . . mezzotints W.23.73.3.38.6 . . . . etchings (prints) W.23.73.3.38.6.3 . . . . . aquatints W.23.73.3.57 . . . planographic prints W.23.73.3.57.5 . . . . lithographs W.23.73.3.57.5.17 . . . . . chromolithographs W.23.73.3.57.5.52 . . . . . photolithographs W.23.73.3.57.5.78 . . . . . zincographs W.23.73.3.71 . . . relief prints W.23.73.3.71.7 . . . . woodcuts W.23.75 . record covers W.23.78 . scrolls W.23.78.4 . . emakimono W.23.78.6 . . kakemono

57 W.23.80 . shopping bags W.23.83 . signs W.23.83.21 . . directional signs W.23.83.54 . . protest signs W.23.83.75 . . traffic signs W.23.85 . stickers W.23.85.3 . . bumper stickers W.23.88 . Web sites W.23.88.14 . . blogs W.23.88.21 . . Web directories W.23.88.32 . . Web pages W.23.88.32.5 . . . home pages W.23.88.79 . . wikis

W.29

W.29.10 . W.29.10.3 . . atlases W.29.10.5 . . maps W.29.10.5.42 . . . topographic maps W.29.10.5.53 . . . tourist maps W.29.10.5.65 . . . transportation maps W.29.10.5.65.14 . . . . bus route maps W.29.10.5.65.48 . . . . railroad maps W.29.10.5.65.60 . . . . road maps W.29.10.5.65.75 . . . . subway maps W.29.10.5.78 . . . weather maps

W.29.14 . W.29.14.10 . . advertisements W.29.14.10.3 . . . commercials W.29.14.10.5 . . . display advertisements W.29.14.12 . . annotated editions W.29.14.15 . . announcements W.29.14.15.14 . . . business announcements W.29.14.15.26 . . . business reports W.29.14.15.26.3 . . . . annual reports W.29.14.15.51 . . . legal notices W.29.14.15.68 . . . playbills W.29.14.18 . . catalogs W.29.14.18.11 . . . auction catalogs W.29.14.18.19 . . . booksellers’ catalogs W.29.14.18.26 . . . catalogue raisonné W.29.14.18.36 . . . exhibition catalogs W.29.14.18.47 . . . mail order catalogs W.29.14.18.55 . . . museum catalogs W.29.14.18.65 . . . publishers’ catalogs W.29.14.18.73 . . . sale catalogs W.29.14.18.82 . . . type specimen catalogs W.29.14.21 . . correspondence W.29.14.21.13 . . . business letters W.29.14.21.24 . . . commercial correspondence W.29.14.21.35 . . . e-mail W.29.14.21.46 . . . form letters W.29.14.21.60 . . . legal correspondence W.29.14.21.69 . . . letters (correspondence) W.29.14.24 . . dictionaries

58 W.29.14.24.4 . . . gazetteers W.29.14.24.6 . . . picture dictionaries W.29.14.27 . . directories W.29.14.29 . . encyclopedias W.29.14.32 . . grant proposals W.29.14.35 . . handbooks W.29.14.38 . . hypertext W.29.14.41 . . invitations W.29.14.41.7 . . . wedding invitations W.29.14.44 . . labels W.29.14.44.3 . . . bookplates W.29.14.46 . . letterhead W.29.14.49 . . manuals W.29.14.49.19 . . . do-it-yourself manuals W.29.14.49.45 . . . personnel manuals W.29.14.49.64 . . . technical manuals W.29.14.49.78 . . . user manuals W.29.14.52 . . memoranda W.29.14.54 . . menus (dining) W.29.14.54.7 . . . wine lists W.29.14.57 . . monographs W.29.14.60 . . newsletters W.29.14.63 . . pressbooks W.29.14.66 . . press kits W.29.14.68 . . press releases W.29.14.71 . . propaganda W.29.14.73 . . proposals W.29.14.76 . . prospectuses W.29.14.79 . . questionnaires W.29.14.82 . . scholarly editions W.29.14.84 . . stationery W.29.14.87 . . theater programs

W.29.18 . W.29.18.32 . . keepsakes (books) W.29.18.50 . . official documents W.29.18.50.17 . . . certificates W.29.18.50.32 . . . decrees W.29.18.50.63 . . . passports W.29.18.75 . . transcripts

W.29.22 . W.29.22.25 . . family trees W.29.22.38 . . genograms W.29.22.63 . . pedigrees

W.29.26 . W.29.26.12 . . catechisms W.29.26.19 . . christening books W.29.26.29 . . hagiographies W.29.26.36 . . hymnals W.29.26.44 . . liturgical manuscripts W.29.26.50 . . liturgical works W.29.26.59 . . pilgrimage handbooks W.29.26.68 . . sacred texts

W.29.26.68.3 . . . W.29.26.68.3.10 . . . . Bhagavad-Gita

59 W.29.26.68.3.21 . . . . Bible W.29.26.68.3.32 . . . . Qur’an W.29.26.68.3.44 . . . . Torah W.29.26.75 . . sermons W.29.26.83 . . tracts (documents)

W.29.30 . W.29.30.4 . . games W.29.30.4.3 . . . board games W.29.30.4.7 . . . video games

W.29.34 . W.29.34.5 . . money W.29.34.5.3 . . . bills (currency) W.29.34.5.5 . . . coins W.29.34.7 . . postage stamps W.29.38 . almanacs W.29.42 . artworks W.29.47 . clip art W.29.51 . commentaries W.29.56 . corrigenda W.29.61 . field guides W.29.65 . finding aids W.29.65.3 . . archival catalogs W.29.65.5 . . archival guides W.29.69 . hornbooks W.29.75 . packaging W.29.75.6 . . primers W.29.81 . sales guides W.29.86 . travel guidebooks

W.36 W.36.11 . comedies W.36.17 . essays W.36.21 . fables W.36.25 . fairy tales W.36.30 . folk tales W.36.35 . histories W.36.40 . lectures W.36.44 . legends (stories) W.36.48 . literary works W.36.48.25 . . fiction W.36.48.25.36 . . . mysteries W.36.48.25.57 . . . romance novels W.36.48.25.70 . . . science fiction W.36.48.49 . . nonfiction W.36.48.49.3 . . . biographies W.36.48.49.3.3 . . . . autobiographies W.36.48.49.7 . . . travelogues W.36.48.65 . . poetry W.36.48.65.3 . . . concrete poetry W.36.53 . memoirs W.36.57 . novels W.36.62 . nursery rhymes W.36.66 . parables W.36.71 . proverbs W.36.76 . screenplays

60 W.36.80 . scripts (created works) W.36.80.5 . . playscripts W.36.80.7 . . telescripts W.36.85 . short stories

W.42 W.42.5 . manuscripts (handwritten works) W.42.5.5 . . illuminated manuscripts W.42.7 . typescripts

W.49 W.49.6 . periodicals W.49.6.32 . . journals W.49.6.46 . . magazines W.49.6.61 . . newspapers

W.55 W.55.4 . forgeries W.55.6 . manifestoes

W.62 W.62.10 . alterations W.62.10.11 . . author’s alterations W.62.10.23 . . designer’s alterations W.62.10.33 . . editor’s alterations W.62.10.44 . . house alterations W.62.10.59 . . printer’s errors W.62.10.71 . . strip-in corrections W.62.10.81 . . typos W.62.14 . camera-ready copy W.62.17 . clean copy W.62.20 . comps W.62.23 . copy W.62.27 . dead copy W.62.29 . design drawings W.62.32 . drafts W.62.34 . dummies W.62.40 . idiot files W.62.42 . layouts (works) W.62.44 . live matter W.62.47 . manuscripts (unedited works) W.62.50 . master proofs W.62.53 . mechanicals W.62.57 . one-up proofs W.62.60 . penalty copy W.62.64 . plain-paper proofs W.62.67 . proofs W.62.67.11 . . boards (typesetting) W.62.67.19 . . color proofs W.62.67.28 . . first proofs W.62.67.30 . . foul copy W.62.67.35 . . galley proofs W.62.67.42 . . high-resolution proofs W.62.67.52 . . page proofs W.62.67.61 . . remarque proofs W.62.67.67 . . revised proofs W.62.67.74 . . second revised proofs W.62.67.81 . . soft proofs

61 W.62.70 . remake W.62.73 . repro W.62.77 . sample pages W.62.80 . tearsheets W.62.84 . tissues W.62.87 . two-up proofs

W.69 W.69.10 . Book of Kells W.69.22 . Gutenberg Bible W.69.34 . Trajan Column W.99 unsorted

62 Alphabetic listing

A-head AC achrophonic symbols

CL V. 47. 35. 45. 5. 2. 10 USE author’s alterations CL V. 47. 44. 15

BT accent marks BT

AA CL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10 acid-free paper

USE author’s alterations SN Modifying CL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 3. 10 abecedaria used only in combi- BT USE abecedaries nation with charac- acknowledgments ters abecedaries CL W. 10. 53. 10 UF accents BT front matter CL W. 23. 19. 10. 10 UF alphabet books acrylic paints BT combining characters abecedaria CL O. 5. 63. 10 NT abecedarium BT paints accents BT acute accent USE accent marks abecedarium CL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 10 accordion folds USE abecedaries BT

CL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 10. 10 abjads ad cards UF fan fold CL C. 44. 83. 44. 3 CL W. 10. 53. 15 BT BT addenda CL E. 3. 3. 10 abrupt serif CL W. 10. 10 BT CL V. 47. 10. 63. 3. 10 UF addendum RT accounting BT BT CL A. 10. 10. 5. 10 ing addendum UF accounts CL A. 44. 51. 10. 42. 10 USE addenda BT financial practices BT color rendering NT bookkeeping additive color synthesis Abstract Expressionist RT accountants CL P. 5. 27. 3. 65. 3

CL S. 3. 90. 3. 34. 10 BT color synthesis accounts BT USE bracketed serif accounts payable abstracts Adobe Photoshop CL P. 3. 10. 10. 57. 3 CL W. 16. 18 BT liabilities USE Photoshop (software) BT CL P. 5. 27. 3. 56. 10 CL P. 3. 10. 10. 13. 3 abugidas BT assets BT color spaces CL C. 44. 83. 44. 5 UF alphasyllabaries acetate syllabics CL O. 3. 3. 73. 10 BT

systems >

CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 63 ads African languages BT

USE advertisements CL C. 79. 3. 5. 10 esses > advancement BT USE abecedaries advertisements agate alphabet length

CL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 10. 10 CL W. 29. 14. 10 CL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 10. 15

BT UF ads BT

BT agate line alphabetic characters NT commercials CL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 21 USE letters (characters)

display advertisements BT alphabetic sorting RT billboards ain USE collation advertising USE ayin advertising design alphabetic writing systems airbrush advertising agencies USE alphabets CL O. 3. 5. 10. 21. 10 advertising cards alphabets BT advertising CL C. 44. 83. 33 Akzidenz Grotesk typefaces UF alphabetic writing sys- CL A. 21. 75. 26. 10 CL C. 44. 74. 35. 43. 3 BT communications (disci- tems BT grotesque typefaces pline) BT writing systems NT advertising campaigns albums alphanumeric characters

CL W. 23. 19. 20. 10 RT advertisements CL C. 44. 13. 22. 11 advertising agencies BT SN Characters with a advertising design Aldine typefaces place in a conven-

display advertisements CL C. 44. 74. 35. 10 tional sequence of advertising agencies SN Old-style typefaces elements in a writing based on designs by system CL E. 5. 28. 10. 10

Aldus Manutius BT BT RT advertising BT NT letters (characters) advertisements algorithms numerals advertising campaigns CL P. 3. 34. 3 alphasyllabaries

BT USE abugidas CL A. 21. 75. 26. 10. 3 BT advertising NT fractals alterations advertising cards aliasing CL W. 62. 10

CL V. 56. 10 BT RT advertisements BT NT author’s alterations designer’s alterations advertising design alignment editor’s alterations CL P. 5. 35. 20 CL A. 21. 32. 12. 7. 21. 10 house alterations BT design BT printer’s errors RT advertising NT base alignment strip-in corrections advertisements decimal alignment typos display advertisements skew RT proofmarks aesthetics almanacs alternate characters USE esthetics CL W. 29. 38 BT CL S. 5. 27 NT finials (characters) alpha blending BT swash characters NT North African USE alpha compositing Sub-Saharan African alpha compositing

CL A. 44. 51. 10. 10. 11 UF alpha blending

64 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term alternate fonts animation API

USE expert fonts CL A. 44. 51. 10. 29 USE application program-

American Association of Arts BT ming interfaces and Industries annotated editions apostrophe

CL E. 5. 13. 5. 3 CL W. 29. 14. 12 CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 17

BT BT BT

American point announcements characters >

CL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 10. 59. 10 CL W. 29. 14. 15 appearing size

BT point BT CL P. 5. 64. 59. 26 American Standard Code for NT business announce- SN perceived difference in Information Interchange ments size between letters USE ASCII business reports from different type- legal notices faces but same point amortization playbills size CL A. 10. 10. 5. 17 BT dimensions BT financial practices annual reports

CL W. 29. 14. 15. 26. 3 appendices ampersand BT business reports USE appendixes CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 10 BT

CL W. 16. 23 CL W. 10. 33. 12 characters > BT BT end matter CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22 SN All characters without a anthropology Applescript place in a conven- CL A. 21. 75. 10 CL C. 32. 3. 60. 10 tional sequence of BT social sciences BT programming lan- elements in a writing anti-aliasing guages

system CL A. 44. 51. 10. 10. 23 application programming in-

BT UF font smoothing terfaces

NT currency symbols BT

pi characters esses > UF API printer’s ornaments antique paper BT

punctuation faces and protocols > CL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 3. 14 symbols (characters) BT appointment books ancient antique typefaces CL W. 23. 19. 30. 10

CL S. 3. 10 BT CL C. 44. 74. 35. 12

BT BT aquatints angle brackets antique wove paper CL W. 23. 73. 3. 38. 6. 3

CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 13 BT etchings (prints) CL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 3. 86. 3 BT

characters > aperture CL C. 44. 40. 5. 14. 10 Anglo-American point BT calligraphy CL V. 47. 10. 10

CL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 10. 59. 20 BT Arabic digits BT point apex USE Arabic-Indic digits Anglo-American Point System CL V. 47. 10. 13 Arabic numerals

CL P. 5. 64. 59. 10. 10. 3 BT CL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 6. 22 BT UF European numerals animated type BT numerals

CL C. 44. 74. 44. 10 NT

BT

form > fractions

CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 65 Arabic script art paper Asomtavruli

CL C. 44. 90. 100 CL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 5. 13 CL C. 44. 90. 137

BT BT

tems > art schools tems >

Arabic-Indic digits CL L. 60. 34. 13 assets

CL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 6. 10 BT CL P. 3. 10. 10. 13 SN Numerals used in mod- artists’ books BT <financial balance meas-

ern Arabic and Indic ures > CL W. 23. 19. 30. 16 scripts NT accounts receivable BT UF Indic numerals arts associations Arabic digits CL E. 5. 13 CL A. 21. 32. 12 BT numerals UF creative arts UF societies Aramaic script BT humanities BT organizations CL C. 44. 90. 112 NT performing arts NT

tems > Arts and Crafts Movement archaeology asterisk CL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 15 USE archeology BT

characters > CL A. 21. 75. 17 tury styles > UF archaeology artwork asymmetric type

BT social sciences CL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 10. 3 CL W. 23. 10 archival catalogs UF finished artwork BT

CL W. 29. 65. 3 BT at sign

BT finding aids artworks CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 23 BT

characters > CL W. 29. 65. 5 BT

BT finding aids tion > atlases arm (character parts) ascender CL W. 29. 10. 3

BT CL V. 47. 10. 16 CL V. 47. 10. 41. 3

BT BT extender ATypI classification

Armenian alphabet ascender line CL C. 44. 74. 72. 10 BT typeface classifications CL C. 44. 90. 125 CL V. 47. 18. 12

BT auction catalogs

tems > ASCII CL W. 29. 14. 18. 11 BT catalogs Art Deco CL C. 44. 20. 3. 10

CL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 10 UF American Standard auction sales BT

tury styles > BT CL A. 32. 24 art directors ash UF auction sales

CL E. 3. 3. 15 CL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 4. 10. 10 BT

BT BT Australian aboriginal art history Asian CL S. 5. 10. 3

CL A. 21. 32. 32. 12 CL S. 5. 35 BT

BT history BT Australia > Art Nouveau NT Chinese (style) author’s alterations Japanese (style) CL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 12 CL W. 62. 10. 11 BT

tury styles > AC

66 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term author’s marks back margins bareia

BT alterations USE inside margins CL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 12 author’s corrections back matter BT USE author’s alterations USE end matter bark paper author’s marks backmatter CL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 3. 23 USE author’s alterations USE end matter BT autobiographies backslanted barred ell

CL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 4. 10. 21 CL W. 36. 48. 49. 3. 3 CL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 30. 13 BT biographies BT

BT automatic kerning tion > barred oh CL P. 5. 35. 10. 30. 4. 3 backslash

CL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 4. 10. 26 BT kerning CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 86. UF slashed oh avant-garde typography 13 BT slash BT CL A. 21. 32. 12. 7. 21. 35. 77. base alignment 3. 3 bad breaks

CL P. 5. 35. 20. 14 BT CL V. 56. 80. 13 BT alignment BT typographical artifacts NT hyphos RT baseline CL C. 44. 90. 150 BT

widows (typesetting) CL V. 47. 18. 23 tems >

RT breaks BT axis bad copy RT base alignment CL P. 5. 44. 10. 11 USE penalty copy baseline grids BT RT typefaces balance sheets CL V. 38. 10

BT ayin CL A. 10. 10. 5. 54. 14 BT financial reports baseline skip CL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 4. 10. 15 SN Character in the trans- ball terminal USE leading

literation of Arabic CL V. 47. 10. 83. 13 Bassa alphabet and Hebrew BT terminal USE Vah UF ain banding bastard titles ayn CL V. 56. 21 CL W. 10. 53. 21

BT BT UF false titles ayn bank paper first half-titles USE ayin BT front matter CL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 3. 19

Aztec glyphs BT bastarda

CL C. 44. 90. 162 banners CL C. 44. 74. 35. 15. 13 BT

tems > BT Bauhaus

B-head bar (character parts) CL S. 3. 90. 3. 34. 14

CL V. 47. 35. 45. 5. 2. 18 BT SN A horizontal stroke century styles > connecting parts of a beak terminal

character CL V. 47. 10. 83. 24

BT BT terminal bar charts beaked serif

USE bar graphs CL V. 47. 10. 63. 3. 16

bar graphs BT

CL V. 19. 21. 44. 4. 3. 52. 14 beard (type)

UF bar charts CL O. 3. 5. 77. 10. 11

BT graphs BT

CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 67 belle époque bidding bitmap fonts

CL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 18 CL A. 10. 10. 3. 11 CL C. 44. 74. 18. 21. 3. 3 BT USE bidirectional (writing BT benchmarking direction) bitmapped fonts

CL A. 10. 44. 10 bidirectional (writing direc- USE bitmap fonts SN Measuring the charac- tion) black teristics of devices CL P. 5. 35. 10. 84. 13 CL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 41. 12 such as scanners UF BIDI BT

BT BT writing direction black and white printers bestiaries Big5 (character set encoding) CL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 62. 72.

CL W. 16. 27 CL C. 44. 20. 3. 16 10. 14 BT UF monochrome printers

tents > bilateral serif BT CL V. 47. 10. 63. 3. 21

CL V. 19. 21. 24. 13 BT blackletter BT decorative elements bilingual texts CL C. 44. 74. 35. 15 Bhagavad-Gita USE multilingual texts UF Old English typefaces

CL W. 29. 26. 68. 3. 10 BT billboards BT NT bastarda CL W. 23. 15 bias Fraktur BT rotunda CL P. 5. 44. 10. 18 RT advertisements UF stress textura billing BT bleed CL A. 10. 10. 5. 24 RT typefaces CL V. 28. 11 UF bills BT Bible BT financial practices NT full-color bleed CL W. 29. 26. 68. 3. 21 RT prices

BT blind embossing bills RT Gutenberg Bible CL A. 44. 51. 35. 32. 3 USE billing biblio style BT embossing bills (currency) USE hanging indents blind folios CL W. 29. 34. 5. 3 CL V. 28. 49. 12 bibliographic databases BT money BT page numbers CL C. 21. 20. 14 binding (objects) BT databases block books CL O. 3. 5. 21. 11 bibliographies CL W. 23. 19. 41. 15 BT BT process > UF reference lists RT binding (production lists of references process) block printing

BT end matter CL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 11 binding (production process) bicameral alphabets BT CL A. 44. 51. 35. 13 USE bicameral writing sys- UF bookbinding block printing (handwriting) tems BT finishing (production CL C. 44. 40. 5. 69. 3 bicameral writing systems process) BT printing (handwriting)

CL C. 44. 83. 17. 3 NT hand bookbinding block quotations

SN Writing systems con- RT binding (objects) CL V. 47. 35. 61. 3 sisting of two cases biographies UF extracts UF bicameral alphabets blockquotes CL W. 36. 48. 49. 3 BT NT autobiographies NT pull quotes

68 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term block type composition size book plates

CL O. 3. 5. 77. 22. 14 body type USE bookplates BT USE text fonts book reviews blockquotes bold CL W. 16. 32 USE block quotations BT

CL V. 28. 15 bold face book trade

BT BT CL A. 10. 56. 3. 3 blogs bold face UF booksellers

BT CL W. 23. 88. 14 USE bold NT book auctions BT Web sites boldface bluelines USE bold book weight

CL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 41. 29 CL V. 19. 21. 11 bond paper SN A proof of a graphic BT CL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 3. 27 element sometimes bookbinders BT

used as a position CL E. 5. 28. 10. 19 book auctions print BT CL A. 10. 56. 3. 3. 3 UF brownlines BT book trade bookbinding cyanotypes USE binding (production book clubs loose blues process) silverprints CL E. 5. 13. 3. 12 bookkeeping BT function > BT accounting blurb book collectors booklets USE jacket flap copy CL E. 3. 3. 20 CL W. 23. 17 BT blurred type BT book cover CL P. 5. 81. 15 bookplates BT type effects USE cover CL W. 29. 14. 44. 3 book design board games UF book plates CL A. 21. 32. 12. 7. 21. 21 CL W. 29. 30. 4. 3 BT labels BT games BT design RT books books boards (typesetting) CL W. 23. 19 book faces CL W. 62. 67. 11 UF codex USE text fonts SN Correct galley proofs codices pasted onto heavy book illustration BT

stock CL A. 10. 27. 39. 15 NT BT proofs BT illustration (activity) RT pasteup book jacket body copy CL O. 3. 5. 21. 24

USE body text UF dust jackets process > body matter jackets USE body text BT RT book design RT jacket flap copy body size booksellers USE type size Book of Kells USE book trade

CL W. 69. 10 body text booksellers’ catalogs BT CL W. 29. 14. 18. 19 CL V. 28. 20 UF body matter BT catalogs body copy bopomofo

running text CL C. 49. 80. 15

BT BT transliteration RT text fonts

CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 69 border designs bracketed serif broadcasting

USE borders CL V. 47. 10. 63. 3. 27 CL A. 21. 75. 26. 27 borders UF adnate serif BT communications (disci-

BT pline) CL V. 19. 21. 24. 23 UF border designs brackets RT broadcast media

BT decorative elements CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 31 broadsheets bottom margins BT

characters > CL V. 38. 72. 13 broadsides

UF tail margins Braille alphabet CL W. 23. 22

foot margins CL C. 44. 74. 27. 10 UF broadsheets

BT margins UF Braille type BT bottom of text BT broken type

CL V. 38. 13 Braille type CL V. 56. 65. 12

BT USE Braille alphabet UF cut type bottom of type page branding BT printing flaws

CL V. 38. 16 USE brands Bronze Age

BT brands CL S. 3. 50

BT bouma CL C. 38. 8. 3

CL V. 38. 20 UF branding brownlines

BT BT visual identity USE bluelines bouncing folios breaks brush scripts

CL V. 28. 49. 22 CL V. 38. 29 USE brush typefaces

BT page numbers BT brush typefaces bounding boxes breathing marks CL C. 44. 74. 35. 17

CL V. 38. 23 CL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 24 UF brush scripts

BT UF spiritus BT boustrophedon BT brushes NT daseia CL P. 5. 35. 10. 84. 23 CL O. 3. 5. 10. 21. 17 psili BT writing direction BT bowl (character parts) breve bubblejet printers

CL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 14 CL V. 47. 10. 23 CL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 62. 72.

BT UF eye (type) 34. 13

BT breve (scansion mark) BT box indents CL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 49. 15 budgeting

BT CL V. 10. 84. 5. 34. 13 CL A. 10. 10. 5. 48. 3 BT indents brightness BT financial planning box rules CL P. 5. 64. 30. 13 buffered paper BT

light > BT BT boxes British Standards for Type bullet Classification CL V. 38. 26 CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 34

CL C. 44. 74. 72. 20 BT BT broadcast media CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 27 bumper stickers

CL C. 15. 13 UF curly braces CL W. 23. 85. 3 curly brackets BT BT stickers RT broadcasting BT

characters > CL W. 29. 10. 5. 65. 14 BT transportation maps

70 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term bus schedules businesses callouts

CL W. 16. 10. 6. 7. 3 CL E. 5. 28 CL V. 19. 21. 17 BT transportation sched- BT organizations UF call-outs

ules NT BT function > USE economics business ventures cameo typefaces companies business announcements CL C. 44. 74. 35. 19 RT business managers BT CL W. 29. 14. 15. 14 BT announcements bylines camera-ready copy

CL V. 47. 35. 11 business cards CL W. 62. 14 BT BT cards BT

Bézier curves production > business letters CL V. 19. 44. 10 cameras CL W. 29. 14. 21. 13 BT BT business managers C-head NT digital cameras CL E. 3. 3. 25 CL V. 47. 35. 45. 5. 2. 38 video cameras BT BT RT businesses Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics

CAD CL C. 44. 90. 175 business plans CL A. 10. 27. 10 BT BT business practices computer-assisted de- cancellaresca business practices sign USE chancery hand CL A. 10. 10. 3 BT CL C. 44. 13. 22. 37 activities > calendars NT bidding BT CL W. 16. 10. 3 business plans canvas BT price estimates BT surfaces NT religious calendars decision making cap height marketing calibration CL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 10. 20 negotiations CL A. 44. 51. 15 BT project management BT cap line referrals caliper (measure) CL V. 47. 18. 34 retail CL P. 5. 64. 59. 10. 26 UF capital line sales SN Thickness of paper or BT business reports board measured in microns or mils capital (money) CL W. 29. 14. 15. 26 CL P. 3. 10. 31 BT announcements BT BT <financial concepts > NT annual reports call-outs capital figures business schools USE callouts USE lining numerals CL L. 60. 34. 28 calligrammes capital letters BT USE concrete poetry USE uppercase letters business ventures calligraphy capital line CL E. 5. 28. 37 CL C. 44. 40. 5. 14 BT businesses BT handwriting styles USE cap line NT joint ventures NT Arabic calligraphy capitalization

partnerships Chinese calligraphy CL P. 5. 44. 26

Hebrew calligraphy BT Japanese calligraphy NT headline style

CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 71 inner caps cartridge paper catechisms

sentence-style capitali- CL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 3. 36 CL W. 29. 26. 12

zation BT BT capitals Cascading Style Sheets cathode ray tubes USE uppercase letters USE CSS USE CRT caps case fractions CD-ROM drives

USE uppercase letters CL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 6. 22. 5. CL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 3. 59. 3 capstan imagesetters 13 BT optical drives BT fractions RT CD-ROMs CL O. 3. 5. 44. 51. 43. 3 BT imagesetters cash flow statements CD-ROMs captions CL A. 10. 10. 5. 54. 28 CL C. 21. 44. 62. 3 BT financial reports UF Compact Disc–Read- CL V. 47. 35. 15 UF legends cast type Only Memory BT cast-coated paper cedilla cardboard CL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 3. 41. 3

CL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 18 CL O. 3. 3. 73. 30 BT coated paper

BT BT surfaces casting cells carding CL A. 44. 51. 20

CL V. 38. 32 USE vertical justification BT UF tab entry cards casting-off BT CL W. 23. 24 USE copyfitting NT straddle entries BT catalog design NT advertising cards centered CL A. 21. 32. 12. 7. 21. 35. 15 CL P. 5. 35. 39. 38. 4. 15 business cards BT graphic design BT linesettings greeting cards RT catalogs trade cards centered dot Cataloging-in-Publication CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 41 career development Data BT BT employment UF CIP careers BT front matter centerpieces

CL V. 19. 32. 15 CL A. 10. 67. 24 catalogs BT employment BT caret BT Central American CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 37 NT auction catalogs BT

BT characters > catalogue raisonné caron exhibition catalogs certificates USE hacek mail order catalogs CL W. 29. 18. 50. 17 museum catalogs BT official documents carryover line publishers’ catalogs USE jump lines certification programs sale catalogs CL A. 10. 35. 12 cartography type specimen catalogs BT cartoons catalogue raisonné

CL W. 23. 26 CL W. 29. 14. 18. 26 BT BT catalogs cartouches catchwords

CL V. 19. 21. 24. 35 CL V. 47. 35. 20 BT decorative elements BT

function >

72 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term CGI (Common Gateway Inter- character attributes characters face) USE character styles CL C. 44. 13 USE Common Gateway In- character encoding forms SN Smallest units of writ- terface USE character sets ing systems with distinctive form or CGI (computer generated im- character encoding schemes function ages) USE character sets USE computer generated UF graphemes character protrusion images BT chancery cursive UF kerning NT USE chancery hand BT chancery hand character set encodings characters per pica CL C. 44. 40. 5. 52. 14 USE character sets CL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 35 UF chancery cursive character sets UF CPP cancellaresca CL C. 44. 20 BT BT manuscript hands SN Encompasses sets of charsets change bars characters, their en- USE character sets CL V. 19. 21. 21. 3 codings into numeric charts SN Vertical bars indicating code points, and the CL V. 19. 21. 44. 4. 3. 14 changed paragraphs forms in which the BT <figures by function > BT change marks encoded code points NT organizational charts change marks are represented pie charts CL V. 19. 21. 21 UF charsets SN Visual indication of re- coded character sets chase visions made in a text character set encodings CL O. 3. 5. 44. 78. 14 BT forms NT change bars character encoding columns of type are composed —gcide chapbooks schemes BT chemical typesetting

NT CL A. 10. 44. 78. 21. 14 process > multibyte character sets BT CL V. 47. 35. 45. 5. 17 character space BT

CL V. 10. 84. 5. 13 CL C. 44. 90. 187 chapter titles BT BT UF CT character styles chiaroscuro color printing BT

CL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 56 CL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 17 chapters UF character attributes BT CL W. 10. 16 BT type styles BT italics NT run-on chapters BT outline NT picture books overstrike reverse shadow shadow letters

CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 73 children’s picture books cinematography CMYK

USE picture books CL A. 10. 27. 73. 18 CL P. 5. 27. 3. 48. 3 Chinese (language family) SN Photography of mov- UF cyan, magenta, yellow, ing images onto film black CL C. 79. 3. 3. 10 SN The collection of mu- BT photography BT color models tually unintelligible, CIP coated paper

genetically related USE Cataloging-in- CL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 3. 41

languages of , Publication Data BT of which Mandarin circles NT cast-coated paper and are machine-coated paper CL V. 19. 10. 35. 10. 30. 3 two instances. BT ellipses code pages BT BT

Chinese (style) formation > BT

CL S. 5. 35. 3 RT character sets CJK typesetting BT Asian coded character sets CL A. 10. 44. 78. 21. 20 Chinese calligraphy BT

CL C. 44. 40. 5. 14. 21 tion > codex BT calligraphy CJKV typesetting USE books christening books CL A. 10. 44. 78. 21. 30 codices CL W. 29. 26. 19 BT

BT tion > coins Christmas cards clarendon typefaces CL W. 29. 34. 5. 5

CL W. 23. 24. 46. 18 CL C. 44. 74. 35. 22 BT money BT greeting cards BT collaboration chroma clean copy CL A. 10. 27. 24

CL P. 5. 27. 3. 22 CL W. 62. 17 UF creative collaboration BT color (chromaticity) UF straight copy BT

CL P. 5. 27. 3. 30 production > collage BT color (chromaticity) clients CL W. 23. 31 chromolithographs CL E. 3. 5. 16 BT

CL W. 23. 73. 3. 57. 5. 17 BT collagraphs BT lithographs clip art CL W. 23. 73. 3. 16 RT chromolithography CL W. 29. 47 BT chromolithography BT

CL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 66. 5. 17 tion > CL A. 44. 10. 3 BT lithography closed up UF sorting RT chromolithographs CL P. 5. 35. 10. 21. 3 alphabetic sorting cicero BT fit BT

CL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 10. 25 clothes collection agencies

BT CL W. 23. 29 CL E. 5. 28. 10. 27

CIE XYZ UF clothing BT

CL P. 5. 27. 3. 56. 30 BT colleges BT color spaces NT T-shirts CL L. 60. 10. 10. 3 CIELab clothing BT

CL P. 5. 27. 3. 56. 20 USE clothes ties > BT color spaces club lines NT community colleges junior colleges CL V. 56. 80. 30 BT typographical artifacts

74 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term collotype color models colorimetry

CL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 60. 3 CL P. 5. 27. 3. 48 CL P. 5. 27. 3. 39. 30 BT photomechanical BT color (chromaticity) BT color management printing processes NT CMYK RT colorimeter collotype printing RGB column heads

CL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 22 color printers CL V. 47. 35. 45. 5. 30

BT CL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 62. 72. BT colon 10. 30 column inches BT

ity > BT

characters > color proofs columns

CL W. 62. 67. 19 colophons CL V. 38. 36 BT proofs CL W. 10. 22 BT SN Notes on the produc- color quality NT stub columns tion of the work in USE color management comb binding which they appear color rendering CL O. 3. 5. 21. 11. 3. 14 BT

work > BT combining characters RT imprints NT absolute colorimetric CL C. 44. 13. 22. 51 color (chromaticity) rendering BT CL P. 5. 27. 3 perceptual rendering NT accent marks BT rendering tone marks NT color separation vowel points chroma CL A. 44. 51. 10. 52 comedies chromaticity coordi- BT CL W. 36. 11 nates RT spot color BT color management color spaces color models comic strips CL P. 5. 27. 3. 56 color spaces USE comics BT color (chromaticity) color synthesis comics NT Adobe RGB palette CL W. 16. 37 CIELab UF comic strips color (type) CIE XYZ BT BT sRGB RT typefaces RT graphic novels color synthesis color calibration comma CL P. 5. 27. 3. 65 CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 48 CL P. 5. 27. 3. 39. 18 BT color (chromaticity) BT color gamut subtractive color syn- USE gamut thesis commentaries

CL W. 29. 51 color management Color-field BT UF color quality BT

CL A. 10. 56 NT color calibration colorimeter colorimetry UF trade CL O. 3. 5. 10. 21. 24 color matching industry BT BT color matching RT colorimetry NT CL P. 5. 27. 3. 39. 42 markets BT color management

CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 75 commercial correspondence composite volumes computer hardware

CL W. 29. 14. 21. 24 USE Sammelband CL O. 3. 5. 44. 15 BT correspondence composition UF hardware BT equipment commercial printers CL A. 10. 44. 78. 10. 16 NT computer peripherals CL E. 5. 28. 10. 43. 16 BT BT presses NT strike-on composition computers commercial publishers composition size computer input devices USE input devices CL E. 5. 28. 10. 65. 3 CL P. 5. 64. 59. 73. 3 BT publishers BT text sizes computer languages commercials RT body text CL C. 32. 3 BT NT markup languages commissions compound rule page description lan- CL A. 10. 10. 3. 23 USE double rules guages BT business practices comprehensives programming lan- Common Gateway Interface USE comps guages CL C. 10. 20 compressed stylesheet languages UF CGI (Common Gate- CL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 20. 18 computer monitors way Interface) BT USE computer displays BT CL W. 62. 20 CL C. 10. 57 commonplace books UF comprehensives BT BT BT USE output devices CL C. 63 computer communication computer peripherals NT visual communication protocols CL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3 communication protocols CL C. 10. 46 UF computer devices CL C. 10. 36 BT NT data storage devices faces and protocols > NT FTP I/O devices NT electronic data inter- HTTP change SFTP computer science

CL A. 21. 15 communications (discipline) computer devices BT CL A. 21. 75. 26 USE computer peripherals computer software BT social sciences computer displays NT advertising USE software CL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 62. 15 broadcasting UF monitors computer terminals public relations computer monitors CL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 18 community colleges BT output devices BT I/O devices

CL L. 60. 10. 10. 3. 3 computer files computer typesetting BT colleges USE data files USE digital typesetting Compact Disc–Read-Only computer games computer-aided design Memory USE video games USE CAD USE CD-ROMs computer generated images computer-assisted design companies USE CAD CL V. 19. 10. 43. 15 CL E. 5. 28. 51 UF CGI (computer gener- computer-to-plate BT businesses ated images) CL A. 44. 51. 25 NT corporations BT images UF CTP

BT

76 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term computerized composition contact databases BT

USE digital typesetting CL C. 21. 20. 31 light > computerized typesetting BT databases copyediting

USE digital typesetting content management systems CL A. 44. 41. 3 computers CL C. 27. 62. 4. 20 BT

BT CL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 5 copyeditors

BT computer hardware continuing education CL E. 3. 3. 36. 4

NT mainframe computers CL A. 10. 35. 19 BT editors minicomputers BT

personal computers ing > CL A. 10. 44. 15 workstations (comput- RT education (discipline) SN Method of calculating ers) continuous tone color printing the amount of space concertina folds CL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 28 (pages, lines, etc.) a

CL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 10. 30 BT text will require

BT continuous-tone art UF casting-off fitting concertina spine CL V. 19. 10. 43. 26

BT CL O. 3. 5. 21. 75. 3 BT images BT spine contour maps copyright concrete poetry USE topographic maps CL P. 3. 22. 10. 16 UF copyright law CL W. 36. 48. 65. 3 contrast (type) UF shaped poetry BT BT NT fair use BT poetry RT typefaces copyright law condensed control characters USE copyright CL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 20. 30 CL C. 27. 10. 16

BT copyright pages BT

CL W. 10. 53. 33 cones cookbooks BT front matter CL V. 19. 10. 35. 20. 15 CL W. 23. 19. 30. 28 BT UF recipe books corner marks

CL V. 38. 42 conferences BT SN Marks defining the size CL A. 32. 39 RT recipes and position of the UF symposia copperplate printing symposium type page CL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 52. 17 UF stripping guides BT BT intaglio NT professional confer- BT copy ences cornerpieces CL W. 62. 23 CL V. 19. 32. 28 consonantal writing systems BT BT copy block tems > corporate identity CL V. 38. 39 constructed letterforms CL C. 38. 8. 5 BT USE geometric letterforms BT visual identity copy editing Constructivist corporate taxes CL A. 10. 44. 27. 4 CL P. 3. 10. 33. 71. 16 CL S. 3. 90. 3. 34. 23 BT editing BT corporations CL P. 5. 64. 30. 26 CL E. 5. 28. 51. 5 consultants SN the relative proportion BT companies CL E. 3. 5. 28 of light and dark ar- NT non-profit corporations BT eas in an image

CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 77 correspondence crop marks curly braces

CL W. 29. 14. 21 USE trim marks USE braces

BT cross rule curly brackets NT business letters USE straddle rules USE braces commercial correspon- crossbar curly quotes dence CL V. 47. 10. 30 CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 79. 3. e-mail BT 20 form letters UF smart quotes legal correspondence crosshairs typographic quotation letters (correspondence) CL V. 28. 60. 4 BT register marks marks corrigenda BT UF corrigendum USE hash mark currency BT CL V. 47. 35. 45. 3. 14 currency symbols corrigendum SN A centered heading or CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 16 USE corrigenda subhead BT analphabetic characters BT costs NT dollar sign crotch (character parts) USE expenses Euro symbol CL V. 47. 10. 34 counter pound sterling sign BT CL V. 47. 10. 27 cursive CRT BT CL C. 44. 40. 5. 29 CL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 62. 20 coupon rule BT handwriting styles UF cathode ray tubes USE dashed rules BT output devices curves cover CL V. 19. 10. 35. 10. 12 CSS CL O. 3. 5. 21. 18 BT CL C. 32. 3. 80. 3 UF book cover NT French curves UF Cascading Style Sheets BT BT stylesheet languages cut type CPP USE broken type CT USE characters per pica USE chapter titles cut-in heads craft printing CL V. 47. 35. 45. 3. 23 CTP CL A. 44. 51. 61. 29 BT USE computer-to-plate BT printing cyan, magenta, yellow, black cubes crayons USE CMYK CL V. 19. 10. 35. 20. 61. 20 CL O. 3. 5. 10. 21. 31 BT polyhedra cyanotypes BT USE bluelines cubic splines CRC cylinders CL V. 19. 44. 65. 20 USE camera-ready copy BT splines CL V. 19. 10. 35. 20. 27 creative arts BT Cubist USE arts Cyrillic alphabet CL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 21 creative collaboration BT

tems > Cretan alphabet tury styles >

CL C. 44. 90. 212 DA BT

tems > Dada

CL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 23 BT

tury styles >

78 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term dagger NT

CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 77. 12 dia > CL V. 47. 27. 17

BT BT

optical storage media form > CL A. 44. 51. 52. 3 BT photographic processes RT data storage devices decorative elements dance database management systems CL V. 19. 21. 24

CL C. 27. 62. 4. 28 BT

BT NT bevels Dark Ages RT databases borders CL S. 3. 60 databases cartouches BT drop-shadows CL C. 21. 20 daseia ornaments BT CL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 24. 3 NT bibliographic databases decorative initials UF rough breathing contact databases USE decorated initials spiritus asper image databases BT breathing marks decorative paper RT database management CL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 5. 32 dash systems BT CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 16 DBMS NT marbled paper BT systems NT em dash CL C. 44. 74. 27. 21 en dash De Stijl BT non-breaking hyphen CL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 26 decrees BT

tury styles > dashed rules dedications dead copy CL V. 19. 10. 68. 3. 15 CL W. 10. 27 UF coupon rule CL W. 62. 27 BT work >

production > data degraded type debts CL C. 27. 29 CL P. 5. 81. 32

CL P. 3. 10. 10. 57. 5 BT BT type effects UF loans data files demibold BT liabilities CL C. 21. 32 USE semibold decagons UF computer files demotic script files, data CL V. 19. 10. 35. 10. 18 CL C. 44. 90. 243 BT BT BT

CL P. 5. 35. 20. 32 CL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 3 densitometers UF storage devices BT alignment CL O. 3. 5. 10. 32. 15 BT computer peripherals decision making BT

NT floppy drives CL A. 10. 10. 3. 30 ments > hard drives BT business practices density memory devices decked heads CL P. 5. 35. 10. 13 optical drives CL V. 47. 35. 45. 3. 32 BT RT data storage media with rules above and data storage media below

CL C. 21. 44 BT

BT

CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 79 dependent vowels Devanagari diffusion-transfer processes

USE vowel points CL C. 44. 90. 250 CL A. 44. 51. 10. 19. 21 depreciation BT

tems > esses > CL A. 10. 10. 5. 40 BT financial practices Dhives Akuru digital cameras descender CL C. 44. 90. 262 CL O. 3. 5. 10. 44. 3. 3 BT RT digital photography descender line diacritics digital fonts

USE accent marks CL C. 44. 74. 18. 21 CL V. 47. 18. 48 UF digital type BT diaeresis electronic type design USE dieresis BT BT visual arts USE slash NT NT advertising design diagonal fractions book design CL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 6. 22. 5. RT hinting (digital fonts) graphic design 25 digital punchcutting industrial design BT fractions information design digital foundries diagrams interaction design CL E. 5. 28. 10. 82. 4 CL V. 19. 21. 44. 4. 3. 27 Web design BT typefoundries BT <figures by function > RT designers digital photography dialects design drawings CL A. 10. 27. 73. 33 USE languages BT photography CL W. 62. 29 BT

CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 77. 20 production > digital prooofers

BT designers CL O. 3. 5. 44. 51. 17 NT lozenge BT printing equipment CL E. 3. 3. 31 dictionaries BT digital punchcutting

CL W. 29. 14. 24 RT design CL A. 10. 44. 65. 4 type designers BT BT punchcutting NT gazetteers designer’s alterations RT digital fonts picture dictionaries CL W. 62. 10. 23 digital type UF DA Didone typefaces USE digital fonts

CL C. 44. 74. 35. 24 BT alterations digital typesetting BT desktop composition CL A. 10. 44. 78. 32. 21 Didot Point System CL A. 10. 44. 19 UF computerized compo-

CL P. 5. 64. 59. 10. 10. 5 BT sition

BT desktop computers computer typesetting RT Didot points computerized typeset- CL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 5. 56. 3 BT personal computers Didot points ting

CL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 10. 59. 30 BT desktop publishing BT point Digital Video Discs CL A. 10. 44. 23 RT Didot Point System UF DTP USE DVDs dieresis BT digitization

CL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 25 desktop scanners CL A. 44. 20. 4 UF diaeresis BT CL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 43. 74. BT 16 NT OCR BT scanners scanning tracing

80 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term digits display advertising dot gain

USE numerals USE display advertisements CL P. 5. 64. 59. 38 digraphs display faces BT dimensions

CL V. 47. 44. 24 USE display typefaces dot leaders

BT display matter CL V. 19. 10. 14 BT dimensions BT

function > CL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 62. 72. CL P. 5. 64. 59 SN Measures of distance Display PostScript 34. 26

BT and density CL C. 32. 3. 50. 3. 3 BT measures UF DPS dotless i

NT BT PostScript CL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 4. 10. 33

display setting UF undotted i appearing size USE display matter BT dot gain display size dotless j dots per inch CL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 4. 10. 38 CL P. 5. 64. 59. 73. 5 pixels per inch BT text sizes UF undotted j text sizes BT type-height display typefaces dots per inch CL C. 44. 74. 27. 28 DIN 1658 UF display faces CL P. 5. 64. 59. 46 CL C. 44. 74. 72. 30 UF DPI BT BT typeface classifications BT dimensions ditches dingbats double acute accent CL V. 10. 84. 5. 13. 4 CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 51. 3 SN The space between col- CL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 36 BT printer’s ornaments umns of type UF Hungarian umlaut directional signs BT character space BT

CL W. 23. 83. 21 dithering double dagger BT signs CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 77. 24 CL A. 44. 51. 10. 10. 42 directories BT

CL W. 29. 14. 27 esses > double quotes

BT do-it-yourself manuals CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 79. 5. dirt (printing flaws) 4 CL W. 29. 14. 49. 19 USE hickeys (printing flaws) BT manuals BT

function > discretionary hyphen dodecagons

CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 33. 4 double rules CL V. 19. 10. 35. 10. 24

UF CL V. 19. 10. 68. 3. 24 BT BT hyphen UF compound rule dollar sign display advertisements Scotch rule CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 16. 22 BT CL W. 29. 14. 10. 5 BT currency symbols UF display advertising NT French rules dot above BT advertisements double-page spread CL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 29 RT advertising USE spread UF overdot advertising design doubling (printing flaws) BT

CL V. 56. 65. 24 dot below BT printing flaws CL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 33 UF underdot

BT

CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 81 down-style capitalization dust jackets edh USE sentence-style capitali- USE book jacket USE eth zation Dutch (style) EDI

DPI CL S. 5. 44. 10 USE electronic data inter- USE dots per inch BT European change DPS Dutch Old Style typefaces editing

USE Display PostScript CL C. 44. 74. 35. 26 CL A. 10. 44. 27 drafts BT BT NT copy editing CL W. 62. 32 Dutch typefaces RT editors BT

production > BT editors drop caps DVD drives CL E. 3. 3. 36

BT CL V. 47. 27. 79. 4 CL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 3. 59. 5 UF dropped caps BT optical drives NT copyeditors BT versals RT DVDs RT editing drop folios DVDs editor’s alterations

CL W. 62. 10. 33 CL V. 28. 49. 35 CL C. 21. 44. 62. 5 UF dropped folios UF Digital Video Discs UF EA BT page numbers BT optical storage media BT alterations drop-shadows RT DVD drives education (discipline)

CL A. 21. 75. 40 CL V. 19. 21. 24. 49 dye-dublimation printers BT social sciences BT decorative elements CL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 62. 72. RT schools dropline paragraphs 34. 35 continuing education USE indent on point BT graduate programs dyes dropouts (printing flaws) learning CL O. 5. 22 CL V. 56. 65. 33 teaching BT materials BT printing flaws professional education dropped folios e-mail educational expenses

CL W. 29. 14. 21. 35 USE drop folios educational expenses UF email dropped initial caps CL P. 3. 10. 33. 14 BT correspondence USE drop caps BT expenses EA drum scanners RT education (discipline) USE editor’s alterations CL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 43. 74. Egyptian serif 26 ear (character parts) USE slab serif

CL V. 47. 10. 37 BT scanners Egyptian typefaces BT DTP USE slab-serif typefaces Easter Island script USE desktop publishing electronic data interchange CL C. 44. 90. 275 duck feet CL C. 10. 36. 4 BT dumb quotes BT communication proto- EBCDIC USE straight quotes cols CL C. 44. 20. 3. 22 dummies electronic type BT USE digital fonts CL W. 62. 34 economics BT CL O. 3. 5. 44. 51. 29 UF business BT printing equipment duotone processes BT social sciences

CL A. 44. 51. 10. 19. 34 electrostatic printing

BT

esses > BT

82 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term electrotype processes BT

CL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 40 sions > USE en space

BT em square Encapsulated PostScript elementary schools USE em space USE EPS

CL L. 60. 10. 29 email encyclopaedias BT

level > emakimono encyclopedias elevated caps CL W. 23. 78. 4 CL W. 29. 14. 29 CL V. 47. 27. 79. 6 BT scrolls UF encyclopaedias UF pop caps embedded fonts BT standing caps USE font embedding end marks raised initial CL V. 19. 21. 30 -up initial embossing BT elite type process) end matter CL C. 44. 74. 44. 21 NT blind embossing CL W. 10. 33 BT USE personnel manuals back matter ellipses backmatter employees CL V. 19. 10. 35. 10. 30 BT work > BT NT circles NT appendixes RT hiring ellipsis bibliographies employment CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 28 glossaries UF points of suspension CL A. 10. 67 indexes

BT horizontal ellipsis endmatter NT career development BT endnotes NT vertical ellipsis freelancing hiring CL V. 47. 35. 30 em promotion BT UF mutton eng molly en CL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 4. 10. 43 mary CL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 10. 36 UF nut BT BT

BT English (style) em dash en dash CL S. 5. 44. 19 CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 16. BT European 17 CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 16. BT dash 26 engraving (printing process) NT joining em dash BT dash CL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 52. 32 punctuating em dash en fractions BT intaglio RT engravings (prints) em fractions USE horizontal fractions engravings (prints) CL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 6. 22. 5. en quad 36 USE en space CL W. 23. 73. 3. 38. 4 BT intaglio prints BT fractions en space NT mezzotints em quad CL V. 10. 84. 3. 23 RT engraving (printing USE em space UF en quad process) em space en square BT BT expenses em square

CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 83 envelopes erratum NT Dutch (style)

CL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 20. 4 USE errata English (style)

BT escapement French (style) German (style) epigraphs CL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 10. 41 Italian (style) CL W. 23. 42. 24 BT Spanish (style) SN Inscriptions on build- essays ings, sculpture, or European numerals CL W. 36. 17 other artificial struc- USE Arabic numerals BT tures esthetics ex-height BT inscriptions USE x-height CL A. 21. 32. 61. 27 epigraphy UF aesthetics exception dictionary

CL A. 21. 32. 32. 32 BT philosophy CL C. 27. 10. 53. 4 BT history estimated tax payments BT hyphenation dictionar- epistemology ies CL P. 3. 10. 33. 71. 29 CL A. 21. 32. 61. 17 BT taxes exclamation point BT philosophy estimates CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 52 epitaphs USE price estimates BT

CL W. 23. 42. 36 characters > eszett SN Inscriptions on tomb- exclusion zones CL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 4. 10. 48 stones CL V. 38. 46 BT BT inscriptions SN measurement of etching (production process) EPS whitespace around a CL A. 44. 51. 30 CL C. 32. 3. 50. 3. 5 logo or brand BT UF Encapsulated Post- BT RT etchings (prints) Script exhibition catalogs BT PostScript etchings (prints) CL W. 29. 14. 18. 36 CL W. 23. 73. 3. 38. 6 equations BT catalogs BT intaglio prints USE mathematical equations NT aquatints exhibitions equipment RT etching (production CL A. 32. 55 CL O. 3. 5. 44 process) BT SN Typically stationary eth exhibits objects used in pro- CL W. 23. 34 CL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 4. 10. 53 duction UF edh BT BT BT expanded NT computer hardware CL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 20. 48 machines ethel UF extended printing equipment CL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 4. 10. 58 BT supplies BT typesetting equipment ethics expenses

CL P. 3. 10. 33 equity CL A. 21. 32. 61. 36 BT philosophy UF costs CL P. 3. 10. 10. 36 BT <financial concepts > BT <financial balance meas- Etruscan alphabet NT educational expenses ures > CL C. 44. 90. 287 entertainment expenses BT CL W. 10. 38 mortgages UF erratum Euro symbol overhead BT BT currency symbols salaries European shipping expenses

CL S. 5. 44 taxes

BT transportation expenses

84 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term travel expenses BT BT

CL C. 44. 74. 27. 36 USE outside margins field guides

UF alternate fonts fair use CL W. 29. 61 expert-set fonts BT UF fair-use provision tion > expert-set fonts BT copyright figure space

USE expert fonts fair-use provision CL V. 10. 84. 3. 32 explicits USE fair use BT

sions > CL W. 10. 43 fairy tales BT

work > CL V. 19. 21. 44. 4 BT UF floats Expressionist fake small caps floating figures CL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 29 CL V. 47. 44. 50. 73. 4 BT illustrations (visual BT tury styles > USE bastard titles extended figures (numerals) family trees USE expanded USE numerals CL W. 29. 22. 25 extended ASCII file compression BT CL C. 49. 25 CL C. 44. 20. 3. 32 fan fold UF high-bit ASCII BT BT Far Soomaali RT file formats extender USE Osmanya alphabet file conversion CL V. 47. 10. 41

fat faces CL C. 49. 34 BT NT ascender CL C. 44. 74. 35. 31 BT formation > RT file formats Extensible Markup Language Fauvist USE XML CL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 32 file formats

BT CL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 41. 42 tury styles > NT graphics file formats BT feathering extra lead USE vertical justification RT file conversion CL V. 10. 15 file compression fees BT USE prices File Transfer Protocol extracts USE FTP USE block quotations felt-tip markers USE markers files, data eye (type) USE data files USE bowl (character parts) fiction filigree CL W. 36. 48. 25 fables UF works of fiction CL V. 19. 10. 28 CL W. 36. 21 BT literary works BT NT mysteries form > fabric romance novels fillet

CL O. 3. 3. 73. 42 science fiction CL V. 47. 10. 44 BT surfaces fiducial box BT face (type) CL V. 19. 10. 21 film (performing arts)

CL O. 3. 5. 77. 10. 21 SN A box with rounded CL A. 21. 32. 12. 5. 30 SN The printing surface of corners BT performing arts a unit of type RT motion pictures

CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 85 film credits fine arts fit

USE film titles CL A. 21. 32. 12. 7. 37 CL P. 5. 35. 10. 21 film titles BT visual arts BT

text > CL W. 23. 37 fine press movement NT closed up UF film credits CL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 39 movie titles BT

BT tury styles > USE copyfitting films (cinema) fine presses fixed folios

USE motion pictures CL E. 5. 28. 10. 43. 33 CL V. 28. 49. 46 filmsetting BT presses BT page numbers USE phototypesetting fine presswork fixed-width typefaces

filmstrip fonts CL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 72. 6. 4 CL C. 44. 74. 44. 28 USE photographic fonts BT presswork UF monospaced typefaces BT CL A. 44. 51. 61. 45 CL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 37 BT

tury styles > USE hairline rules FL&R financial planning finial (character parts) USE justified

CL A. 10. 10. 5. 48 CL V. 47. 10. 83. 45 Flash BT financial practices BT terminal USE Macromedia Flash NT budgeting finials (characters) (software)

financial practices CL V. 47. 44. 50. 11. 4 flash drives

CL A. 10. 10. 5 UF terminal characters CL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 3. 75. 4 BT

activities > finished artwork BT solid-state drives NT accounting USE artwork flat-plate gravure amortization finished roughs CL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 52. 45 billing USE comps BT intaglio depreciation flatbed scanners financial planning finishing (production process) CL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 43. 74. financial reports CL A. 44. 51. 35 37 financing BT BT scanners pensions NT binding (production process) fleurons financial reports embossing CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 51. 5 CL A. 10. 10. 5. 54 lamination UF printer’s flowers BT financial practices machine stamping BT printer’s ornaments NT balance sheets cash flow statements first half-titles flexography profit and loss state- USE bastard titles CL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 72. 4. 4 ments first proofs BT letterpress printing

financing CL W. 62. 67. 28 flip books

BT proofs CL W. 23. 19. 20. 24 CL A. 10. 10. 5. 61 BT financial practices first revises BT finding aids USE revised proofs

CL W. 29. 65 first-line indent BT

tion > first-order character NT archival catalogs CL C. 44. 13. 10. 20 archival guides BT

86 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term floating figures FM foot margins USE figures (illustrations) USE front matter USE bottom margins floats FN foot trim

USE figures (illustrations) USE footnotes CL P. 5. 64. 59. 10. 77. 26 floppy disks foldout books BT trim (measure)

CL C. 21. 44. 10. 4 CL W. 23. 19. 20. 81. 4 footer BT

dia > books footnote calls RT floppy drives folios (typography) USE reference marks floppy drives USE page numbers footnotes

CL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 3. 20 folk tales CL V. 47. 35. 35 BT data storage devices CL W. 36. 30 UF FN RT floppy disks BT BT

flourishes font classifications function > CL V. 19. 21. 24. 69. 4 USE typeface classifications BT ornaments font editors USE position prints flow diagram CL C. 27. 62. 4. 37 force-justified USE flowcharts BT CL P. 5. 35. 39. 38. 4. 38. 4 flowcharts font embedding BT justified

CL V. 19. 21. 44. 4. 3. 41 CL C. 49. 43 fore edge UF flow diagram UF embedded fonts CL O. 3. 5. 21. 35

BT <figures by function > BT

flush and hang formation > foreword USE hanging indents font families CL W. 10. 53. 40 flush and hung USE type families BT front matter USE hanging indents font management software forgeries

flush left CL C. 27. 62. 4. 44 CL W. 55. 4 USE ragged right UF font managers BT

flush left and right BT context > USE justified font managers form letters

flush right USE font management soft- CL W. 29. 14. 21. 46 USE ragged left ware BT correspondence flush space font metrics formatting codes

CL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 10. 46 CL C. 27. 10. 41 CL V. 10. 84. 5. 24

BT BT BT flutter folds font smoothing forward slash USE anti-aliasing USE virgule CL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 10. 49

BT fonts foul copy

flyleaves USE typefaces CL W. 62. 67. 30 SN Superseded proofs CL W. 10. 48 foot (type) UF foul proofs BT BT foot folios foul proofs USE foul copy CL V. 28. 49. 56 BT page numbers foundations

CL E. 5. 55. 4 BT institutions

CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 87 founder’s type Fraser alphabet series titles

USE foundry type CL C. 44. 90. 300 tables of contents foundry type BT

tems > CL O. 3. 5. 77. 50 frontispieces

SN Metal type purchased freelancing CL W. 10. 53. 46

as individual charac- CL A. 10. 67. 41 BT front matter ters and meant to be BT employment frontmatter reused French (style) USE front matter UF founder’s type CL S. 5. 44. 28 FSS-UTF BT type (objects) BT European USE UTF-8 founts French curves FTP USE typefaces CL V. 19. 10. 35. 10. 12. 3 CL C. 10. 46. 10 four-color processes BT curves UF File Transfer Protocol CL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 46 French quotes BT computer communica- UF four-colour process USE guillemets tion protocols full color French Renaissance full color full colour CL S. 3. 70. 3 USE four-color processes BT BT Renaissance full colour four-colour process French rules USE four-color processes USE four-color processes CL V. 19. 10. 68. 3. 24. 3 full measure FPO SN Double rules divided by USE type measure USE position prints diamonds FR BT double rules USE period USE ragged left French spacing full-color bleed fractals CL P. 5. 35. 10. 21. 5 CL V. 28. 11. 4 CL P. 3. 34. 3. 4 BT fit BT bleed BT algorithms front (type) fullwidth characters fraction bar CL O. 3. 5. 77. 10. 35 CL C. 44. 13. 10. 31 CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 86. BT UF zenkaku 38 front edge BT SN Slash character used in CL O. 3. 5. 21. 41 forming fractions fully justified BT BT slash USE justified front matter fractions furniture (typesetting instru- CL W. 10. 53 ments) CL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 6. 22. 5 UF frontmatter CL O. 3. 5. 44. 78. 28 BT Arabic numerals FM BT typesetting equipment NT case fractions prelims diagonal fractions preliminaries Futhark em fractions BT piece fractions NT acknowledgments tems > solidus fractions ad cards RT runes Fraktur bastard titles Futurist

CL C. 44. 74. 35. 15. 21 Cataloging-in- CL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 41 BT blackletter Publication Data BT

foreword tury styles > CL C. 44. 74. 35. 33 frontispieces BT galleries half-titles CL V. 19. 21. 37 part titles BT

88 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term galley proofs geometric figures golden mean

CL W. 62. 67. 35 CL V. 19. 10. 35 USE golden section UF galleys BT USE golden section

NT galleys golden section USE galley proofs CL P. 5. 64. 41. 4 lines (geometry) games UF golden mean planes (geometry) CL W. 29. 30. 4 golden ratio spirals BT geometric letterforms ment > Gothic alphabet NT board games CL V. 47. 44. 50. 34 CL C. 44. 90. 350 UF constructed letterforms video games BT geometric typefaces CL P. 5. 64. 30. 41 gradient fills CL C. 44. 74. 44. 35 SN slope of a curve relating USE gradients input densities and BT CL P. 5. 27. 5 BT CL P. 3. 34. 5 BT brightness > gamut German (style) graduate programs CL P. 5. 64. 30. 51 CL S. 5. 44. 38 CL A. 10. 35. 29 SN range of colors an out- BT European BT of producing CL C. 44. 90. 325 RT education (discipline) UF color gamut BT CL W. 23. 42. 51 light > ghosting BT inscriptions ganging CL V. 56. 65. 43 grain CL A. 10. 44. 32 UF show-through CL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 30. 4 SN Printing more than one BT printing flaws piece on a press si- BT gift books multaneously grant proposals CL W. 23. 19. 30. 35 BT CL W. 29. 14. 32 BT Garalde typefaces BT Glagolitic CL C. 44. 74. 35. 35 graphemes CL C. 44. 90. 337 BT USE characters BT

CL W. 29. 14. 24. 4 CL A. 21. 32. 12. 7. 51 glossaries BT dictionaries BT visual arts CL W. 10. 33. 46 NT information graphics generic markup BT end matter USE markup languages graphic design glyphic typefaces genograms CL A. 21. 32. 12. 7. 21. 35 CL C. 44. 74. 35. 38 BT design CL W. 29. 22. 38 BT NT catalog design BT glyphs package design geography CL C. 44. 32 type design CL A. 21. 75. 48 SN Visual manifestations typography BT social sciences of graphemes BT

guage >

CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 89 graphic novels greeking gutter margins

CL W. 16. 43 CL V. 47. 35. 40 USE inside margins BT function > USE inside margins RT comics greeting cards H&J graphic typefaces CL W. 23. 24. 46 USE hyphenation and CL C. 44. 74. 35. 41 BT cards justification

BT NT Christmas cards HA valentines graphical user interfaces USE house alterations

CL C. 27. 62. 4. 83. 4 grid systems Haber rule UF GUI CL V. 38. 52 USE type gauges BT user interfaces BT hacek graphics file formats grids CL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 48 CL C. 27. 10. 30. 4 CL V. 38. 49 UF caron UF image file formats UF page grids wedge (accent mark) BT file formats BT BT Graphics Interchange Format grotesque typefaces hagiographies USE GIF (file format) CL C. 44. 74. 35. 43 CL W. 29. 26. 29 graphics tablets BT BT NT Akzidenz Grotesk CL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 43. 21 hair space BT input devices typefaces CL V. 10. 84. 3. 40 GUI graphs BT faces BT <figures by function > hairline NT bar graphs guidebooks USE hairline rules line graphs CL W. 23. 19. 30. 41 hairline rules scatter graphs BT

CL V. 19. 10. 68. 3. 35 grave accent guilds UF fine rules CL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 40 CL E. 5. 13. 3. 29 hairline BT BT gravure tion > hairline serif USE photogravure guillemets CL V. 47. 10. 63. 3. 36 grayscale CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 79. 3. BT 39 CL O. 3. 5. 10. 10. 4 UF duck feet halant BT French quotes USE virama grayscale images BT CL W. 10. 53. 51 BT images Gutenberg Bible BT front matter grayscale printers CL W. 69. 22 half-uncial CL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 62. 72. BT CL C. 44. 40. 5. 52. 32 10. 51 RT Bible BT manuscript hands BT

CL A. 44. 51. 10. 19. 52 Greek alphabet BT BT

CL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 78. 28 BT screen printing

90 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term halfwidth characters hanging punctuation head margins

CL C. 44. 13. 10. 42 CL V. 47. 27. 32. 5 USE top margins UF hankaku UF hung punctuation head rules

BT BT hanging characters CL V. 19. 10. 68. 5. 35 RT punctuation hamza BT

CL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 4. 10. 64 Hangul head trim

BT CL C. 44. 90. 375 CL P. 5. 64. 59. 10. 77. 52 Han characters UF Korean script BT trim (measure) Korean (writing sys- USE Hanzi header tem) hand bookbinding USE running heads BT BT binding (production CL V. 47. 35. 45 hankaku process) UF heads (text elements) USE halfwidth characters handbills BT

CL C. 44. 90. 387 BT NT UF Han characters handbooks sinograms CL W. 29. 14. 35 headline style BT CL P. 5. 44. 26. 28 tems > handwriting UF up style harakat BT capitalization CL C. 44. 40 CL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 51 UF penmanship headlines BT BT BT

CL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 3. 32 NT handwriting styles headpieces BT data storage devices handwriting implements CL V. 19. 32. 47 USE writing implements hard hyphen BT

CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 33. 6 handwriting styles position > BT hyphen CL C. 44. 40. 5 heads (text elements) BT handwriting hard space USE headings USE non-breaking space NT calligraphy Hebrew alphabet cursive hardcover books CL C. 44. 90. 400 manuscript hands CL W. 23. 19. 20. 33 BT

printing (handwriting) BT tems > hang lines hardware Hebrew calligraphy

CL V. 38. 56 USE computer hardware CL C. 44. 40. 5. 14. 32 BT hash mark BT calligraphy hanging characters CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 56 height-to-paper CL V. 47. 27. 32 UF octothorp USE type-height BT crosshatch USE spirals NT hanging punctuation hatchmark heliogravure hanging indention number sign USE photogravure USE hanging indents BT

characters > helix hanging indents hatchmark USE spirals CL V. 10. 84. 5. 34. 29 UF flush and hang USE hash mark hemispheres flush and hung head (type) CL V. 19. 10. 35. 20. 42

BT biblio style CL O. 3. 5. 77. 10. 42

hanging indention BT BT indents

CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 91 hexagons papyrology humanist typefaces

CL V. 19. 10. 35. 10. 38 home offices CL C. 44. 74. 35. 47

BT BT CL L. 80. 4 hickeys (printing flaws) UF SOHO humanities

CL V. 56. 65. 53 BT workplaces CL A. 21. 32

SN Blemishes on proofs or home pages BT printed matter NT arts CL W. 23. 88. 32. 5 UF dirt (printing flaws) BT Web pages history BT printing flaws literature hook (accent mark) philosophy hieratic script USE ogonek religion CL C. 44. 90. 423 horizontal ellipsis BT USE hanging punctuation horizontal fractions hieroglyphics Hungarian runes CL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 6. 22. 5. CL C. 44. 83. 25. 28 USE Orkhon 48 BT nut fractions USE double acute accent high schools BT fractions hymnals

CL L. 60. 10. 42 horizontal rules CL W. 29. 26. 36 BT CL V. 19. 10. 68. 3. 44 level > RT songbooks BT high-bit ASCII hornbooks hyperbolas USE extended ASCII CL V. 19. 10. 35. 10. 44 CL W. 29. 69 high-resolution proofs BT

CL W. 62. 67. 42 tion > hypertext BT proofs hot metal composition CL W. 29. 14. 38 hinge BT CL A. 10. 44. 78. 32. 47. 5 CL O. 3. 5. 21. 49 BT metal composition Hypertext Markup Language

BT house alterations USE HTML hinting (digital fonts) CL W. 62. 10. 44 Hypertext Transfer Protocol CL P. 5. 44. 10. 42 UF HA USE HTTP

BT BT alterations hyphen RT digital fonts house font CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 33 hiragana CL C. 44. 74. 27. 45 BT

CL C. 44. 90. 435 BT characters > BT hard hyphen CL C. 32. 3. 40. 20 hiring UF Hypertext Markup hyphenation

CL A. 10. 67. 53 Language CL P. 5. 35. 39. 25 BT employment BT markup languages UF hyphenation algorithms NT interviewing (hiring) HTTP BT hyphenation and RT employees justification CL C. 10. 46. 22 histories UF Hypertext Transfer NT ranked hyphenation CL W. 36. 35 Protocol hyphenation algorithms BT BT computer communica- USE hyphenation history tion protocols hyphenation and justification

CL A. 21. 32. 32 Humane typefaces CL P. 5. 35. 39 BT humanities CL C. 44. 74. 35. 45 UF H&J NT art history BT BT epigraphy NT hyphenation paleography

92 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term justification illustrated magazines imposition

line breaking CL W. 16. 47 CL A. 10. 44. 36 truncated setting BT printed pages for as- sembling into sig- CL C. 27. 10. 53 illustration (activity) natures BT CL A. 10. 27. 39 NT exception dictionary SN The creation of illus- UF page imposition

BT hyphenation zones trations (visual ele- ments) RT signatures CL V. 38. 62 BT

tivities > CL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 43 hyphos NT book illustration BT BT bad breaks RT illustrators imprints I/O devices illustrations (visual CL V. 47. 44. 38 CL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5 elements) BT BT computer peripherals illustrations (visual elements) RT colophons NT computer terminals CL V. 19. 21. 44 input devices incipits BT BT USE internationalization plates (pages) Incise typefaces iconographic systems RT illustration (activity) CL C. 44. 74. 35. 49 CL C. 55. 25 illustrators BT BT CL E. 3. 3. 42 income icons (computer systems) BT CL P. 3. 10. 49 CL C. 55. 37 RT illustration (activity) BT <financial concepts > BT image databases NT royalties icons (interface elements) CL C. 21. 20. 54 income taxes CL V. 47. 44. 32 BT databases CL P. 3. 10. 33. 71. 44 BT image file formats BT taxes ictus USE graphics file formats incunabula CL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 49. 42 images CL W. 23. 19. 41. 54 BT CL V. 19. 10. 43 UF incunabulum BT

USE logograms form > process > NT computer generated ideographs incunabulum images USE logograms USE incunabula continuous-tone art idiot files grayscale images indent on point CL W. 62. 40 raster images CL V. 10. 84. 5. 34. 40 BT BT indents imagesetters illuminated manuscripts indentation CL O. 3. 5. 44. 51. 43 CL W. 42. 5. 5 BT printing equipment USE indents BT manuscripts (hand- NT capstan imagesetters indention written works) USE indents illustrated books indents CL W. 23. 19. 10. 54 CL V. 10. 84. 5. 34 BT UF indentation indention

CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 93 BT NT information architec- NT epigraphs NT box indents ture epitaphs hanging indents library science graffiti indent on point information systems inside margins paragraph indents CL C. 32. 5 CL V. 38. 72. 34 relative indents BT gutters index (pointing hand) information technology inner margins USE printer’s fist back margins CL A. 21. 44 BT margins indexes BT

CL W. 10. 33. 60 initials installations BT end matter USE versals CL W. 23. 44

BT Indian Script Code for Infor- ink mation Interchange NT kiosks CL O. 5. 43 USE ISCII BT materials institutions

CL E. 5. 55 Indic numerals ink trap USE Arabic-Indic digits BT organizations CL V. 47. 10. 48 NT foundations Indo-European languages UF ink well RT schools CL C. 79. 3. 3. 22 BT instructional guides BT USE ink trap BT CL A. 21. 32. 12. 7. 21. 45 CL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 62. 72. BT design instructional manuals 34. 49 USE manuals industry BT Insular hand USE commerce inline CL C. 44. 40. 5. 52. 34 inferiors CL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 56. 20 BT manuscript hands USE subscripts BT character styles insurance infinity symbol inline subhead CL P. 3. 10. 33. 28 CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 77. 38 USE run-ins BT expenses BT inner caps intaglio information architecture CL P. 5. 44. 26. 43 CL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 52 CL A. 21. 75. 56. 4 BT capitalization BT BT information science inner margins NT copperplate printing RT information design USE inside margins engraving (printing information design input devices process)

CL A. 21. 32. 12. 7. 21. 54 CL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 43 flat-plate gravure BT design UF computer input devices photogravure RT information architec- BT I/O devices RT intaglio prints ture NT graphics tablets intaglio prints information graphics keyboards CL W. 23. 73. 3. 38

CL A. 21. 32. 12. 7. 51. 5 mice BT BT graphic arts scanners NT engravings (prints) information literacy inscriptions etchings (prints)

CL P. 5. 10. 26 CL W. 23. 42 RT intaglio

BT SN Textual matter written intellectual property on an object other information science CL P. 3. 22. 10. 34 than a conventional CL A. 21. 75. 56 UF IP (intellectual prop- BT social sciences writing surface erty)

BT

94 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term BT

law > USE word space USE UCS interaction design introductions Isotype

CL A. 21. 32. 12. 7. 21. 62 CL W. 10. 65 CL V. 47. 44. 40 BT design BT International System of Typographic Picture CL C. 15. 34 inverted Education BT USE single quotes

BT intercharacter space inverted exclamation point Isotype System CL P. 5. 35. 10. 30 CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 42 BT

text > characters > Italian (style)

NT kerning inverted question mark CL S. 5. 44. 47 letterspacing BT European CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 46 interline space BT

USE leading characters > CL S. 3. 70. 5 interlinear texts invitations BT Renaissance

CL W. 16. 56 CL W. 29. 14. 41 italics

BT CL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 56. 28

tents > NT wedding invitations BT character styles International Phonetic Alpha- iota subscript jacket blurb bet CL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 44 USE jacket flap copy

CL C. 44. 90. 437 BT jacket flap copy UF IPA IP (intellectual property) CL W. 10. 70 BT

tems > IPA jacket blurb International System of Typo- USE International Phonetic BT USE Isotype RT book jacket Iron Age International Typographic jackets CL S. 3. 40 Style USE book jacket BT

CL S. 3. 90. 3. 34. 27 ISCII jaggies UF Swiss design USE aliasing CL C. 44. 20. 3. 34 Swiss style UF Indian Script Code for Japanese (style) BT change BT Asian internationalization BT NT Ukiyo-e

CL A. 10. 27. 49 ISO 10646 UCS-2 Japanese calligraphy UF I18N USE UCS-2 CL C. 44. 40. 5. 14. 44 BT USE UCS-4 NT sho Internet ISO 8859-1 Java (programming language) CL C. 15. 36 USE ISO Latin-1 CL C. 32. 3. 60. 22 BT BT programming lan- ISO Latin-1 interviewing (hiring) guages CL C. 44. 20. 3. 40 CL A. 10. 67. 53. 5 JIS UF job interviews UF ISO 8859-1 CL C. 44. 20. 3. 46 BT hiring BT BT

CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 95 job fonts justification keyboarding

CL C. 44. 74. 27. 53 CL P. 5. 35. 39. 38 CL A. 10. 44. 40

UF job types BT hyphenation and BT

BT justification keyboards NT linesettings job interviews CL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 43. 34 USE interviewing (hiring) vertical justification BT input devices job training justification zones keylines

CL V. 38. 65 CL A. 10. 35. 37 CL V. 38. 69 BT SN Outlines indicating the

ing > justified position of material

RT employment CL P. 5. 35. 39. 38. 4. 38 to be placed later job types UF fully justified BT USE job fonts flush left and right keys FL&R joining em dash CL V. 19. 21. 50 BT linesettings SN Lists of symbols (char- CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 16. NT force-justified acters) used in illus- 17. 40 UF joining em rule kakemono trations (visual BT em dash CL W. 23. 78. 6 elements) BT scrolls BT USE joining em dash kana

CL C. 44. 90. 462 kiosks joint BT BT installations BT kanji Klingon alphabet joint ventures CL C. 44. 90. 464 CL C. 44. 90. 489 CL E. 5. 28. 37. 4 BT tems > journals kappa number knockouts CL W. 49. 6. 32 CL P. 5. 64. 10. 4 CL V. 28. 34 BT periodicals SN A measure of lignin BT JPEG (file format) content in paper Korean (writing system) USE JPEG/JFIF (file for- BT Korean script Jugendstil katakana USE Hangul CL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 46 CL C. 44. 90. 487 krouzek BT

tury styles > L10N keepsakes (books) jump lines USE localization CL W. 29. 18. 32

CL V. 47. 35. 50 labels BT

UF carryover line CL W. 29. 14. 44 kern BT BT BT junior colleges NT bookplates kerning CL L. 60. 10. 10. 3. 5 labor costs CL P. 5. 35. 10. 30. 4 BT colleges USE salaries BT intercharacter space junior high schools NT automatic kerning lachrymal terminal CL L. 60. 10. 55 manual kerning USE teardrop terminal BT

level > CL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 3. 48

BT

96 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term lamination layout (activity) legal correspondence

CL A. 44. 51. 35. 50 CL A. 44. 51. 41 CL W. 29. 14. 21. 60 BT finishing (production UF BT correspondence process) mise-en-page legal notices

BT language CL W. 29. 14. 15. 51 RT layouts (works) CL C. 73 BT announcements SN The human capacity layouts (works) legends for speech and re- CL W. 62. 42 USE captions lated acts (signing, BT CL W. 36. 44 RT linguistics RT layout (activity) BT languages lc legibility CL C. 79 USE lowercase letters CL P. 5. 35. 10. 37 SN Mutually intelligible LCD BT UF dialects UF liquid crystal displays letterforms lects BT output devices CL V. 47. 44. 50 NT leading BT CL P. 5. 35. 50 RT linguistics NT alternate characters UF baseline skip geometric letterforms laptops interline space ornamented letterforms CL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 5. 56. 5 linefeed (measurement) small caps UF portable computers line spacing RT type design BT personal computers BT letterhead large format printers leading scale CL W. 29. 14. 46 CL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 62. 72. USE line gauges BT 22. 4 leaf books letterpress printing BT USE looseleaf books CL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 72. 4 large format scanners learning BT relief printing CL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 43. 74. CL A. 10. 35. 44 NT flexography 50 BT CL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 4 large print books RT education (discipline) UF alphabetic characters CL W. 23. 19. 20. 43 leases BT alphanumeric charac- BT USE rent ters laser printers leasing NT CL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 62. 72. USE rent lowercase letters 34. 60 titlecase lects BT uppercase letters USE languages letters (correspondence) USE Roman alphabet lectures CL W. 29. 14. 21. 69 CL W. 36. 40 Latin American BT correspondence BT CL S. 5. 18. 21 letterspacing left ragged BT CL P. 5. 35. 10. 30. 6 USE ragged left Latin typefaces BT intercharacter space left-to-right (writing direction) CL C. 44. 74. 35. 51 lettrines CL P. 5. 35. 10. 84. 45 BT USE versals UF LTR laws BT writing direction liabilities CL P. 3. 22. 45 CL P. 3. 10. 10. 57 BT BT <financial balance meas-

ures >

CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 97 NT accounts payable Linotype system debts USE type measure USE Linotype (typesetting libraries line space equipment)

CL L. 41 CL V. 10. 84. 5. 43 Linux library science UF white line USE GNU/Linux (software)

BT CL A. 21. 75. 56. 6 linéale typefaces

BT information science line spacing CL C. 44. 74. 35. 55 librettos USE leading BT

CL W. 16. 14. 33 linecasters liquid crystal displays

BT

works > BT typesetters (equipment) lists of references licenses NT Linotype (typesetting USE bibliographies equipment) CL P. 3. 22. 10. 46 literacy UF licensing linefeed (measurement) CL P. 5. 10. 40 BT

law > lines (geometry) literals licensing CL V. 19. 10. 35. 46 USE typos USE licenses BT geometric figures literary works ligatures linesettings CL W. 36. 48

CL V. 47. 44. 56 CL P. 5. 35. 39. 38. 4 BT BT BT justification NT fiction NT tied letters NT centered nonfiction light justified poetry ragged CL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 41. 55 literature UF lightface linguistics CL A. 21. 32. 46 BT CL A. 21. 75. 64 BT humanities BT social sciences lightface lithographs USE light NT morphology (linguis- CL W. 23. 73. 3. 57. 5 tics) limp vellum BT planographic prints semiotics CL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 3. 82. 5 NT chromolithographs syntax BT vellum photolithographs RT language zincographs line art languages RT lithography CL V. 19. 10. 50 lining numerals BT CL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 66. 5 28 BT planographic printing line breaking UF ranging figures NT chromolithography CL P. 5. 35. 39. 51 capital figures photolithography UF text wrapping BT BT hyphenation and RT lithographs link (character parts) justification little presses CL V. 47. 10. 55 line gauges USE small presses BT

CL O. 3. 5. 10. 32. 29 liturgical manuscripts Linotype (typesetting equip- UF leading scale CL W. 29. 26. 44 ment) BT CL O. 3. 5. 44. 78. 80. 4. 3 ments > UF Linotype system liturgical works line graphs BT linecasters CL W. 29. 26. 50

CL V. 19. 21. 44. 4. 3. 52. 45 BT BT graphs

98 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term live matter loose blues machine-finished paper

CL W. 62. 44 USE bluelines CL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 3. 52

BT

production > CL O. 3. 5. 21. 11. 3. 32 machine-glazed paper livres d’artistes BT CL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 3. 57

CL W. 23. 19. 30. 48 looseleaf books BT

BT CL W. 23. 19. 20. 51 machines loans UF leaf books CL O. 3. 5. 44. 36

USE debts BT BT equipment localization loupes MacRoman

CL A. 10. 27. 60 CL O. 3. 5. 10. 32. 38 CL C. 44. 20. 3. 52

UF L10N SN magnifying lens BT BT

tivities > ments > CL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 56 locking up lower case letters BT

CL A. 10. 44. 78. 10. 40 USE lowercase letters macros

BT lowercase letters CL C. 27. 62. 4. 54 logic CL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 4. 40 BT

CL A. 21. 32. 61. 51 UF lc magazines BT philosophy lower case letters CL W. 49. 6. 46 logograms minuscules BT periodicals BT letters (characters) CL V. 47. 44. 62 Magic Realist UF logographs lozenge CL S. 3. 90. 3. 34. 32 ideograms CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 77. 20. 5 BT

BT LTR magnetic tape logographic writing systems USE left-to-right (writing CL C. 21. 44. 10. 6 CL C. 44. 83. 58 direction) BT logographs CL P. 5. 64. 30. 67 mail order catalogs USE logograms BT BT catalogs

CL V. 47. 44. 67 machine italics main stroke SN Visual symbols used to CL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 30. 49. 5 USE stem denote a company or UF slanted roman main text other entity slanted CL W. 10. 75 BT sloped roman BT

CL C. 44. 83. 66 machine stamping mainframe computers BT writing systems CL A. 44. 51. 35. 63 CL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 5. 29 BT finishing (production logotypes BT computers process) CL V. 47. 44. 73 majuscules BT machine unit USE uppercase letters longum CL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 56 makeup BT CL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 49. 58 USE page makeup BT machine-coated paper malpractice loop (character parts) CL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 3. 41. 5 BT coated paper CL P. 3. 22. 70 CL V. 47. 10. 58 BT BT

CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 99 Manchu alphabet maps XML

CL C. 44. 90. 500 CL W. 29. 10. 5 mary BT

tems > BT mass media Mandaic script NT topographic maps CL C. 15. 57 tourist maps CL C. 44. 90. 512 BT BT CL W. 62. 50 marbled paper manifestoes BT BT margin kerning CL V. 28. 43 Manuaire typefaces USE character protrusion BT

CL C. 44. 74. 35. 57 marginal notes matchbooks BT CL V. 28. 39. 5 CL W. 23. 47 manual kerning UF side notes BT BT marginalia CL P. 5. 35. 10. 30. 4. 5 materials BT kerning marginalia CL O. 5 CL V. 28. 39 manuals NT dyes BT CL W. 29. 14. 49 ink NT marginal notes UF instructional manuals paints

BT margins mathematical equations NT do-it-yourself manuals CL V. 38. 72 CL V. 19. 21. 44. 4. 3. 67 personnel manuals BT UF equations technical manuals NT bottom margins BT <figures by function > user manuals inside margins mathematical typesetting manuscript hands outside margins runarounds CL A. 10. 44. 78. 21. 57 CL C. 44. 40. 5. 52 BT NT chancery hand mark-up (printing) matra half-uncial CL V. 47. 64

CL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 59 Insular hand BT printer’s hand NT proof correction marks BT uncial type mark-up matrices (type) manuscripts (handwritten markers USE matrix (type) works) CL O. 3. 5. 10. 21. 42 matrix (type)

CL W. 42. 5 UF felt-tip markers CL O. 3. 5. 77. 10. 51

SN Hand-written textual BT UF matrices (type)

works marketing BT UF MS CL A. 10. 10. 3. 39 Mayan glyphs MSS BT business practices CL C. 44. 90. 525 BT tems > CL A. 10. 56. 5 NT illuminated manu- BT commerce mean line scripts markup languages CL V. 47. 18. 67 manuscripts (unedited works) BT CL C. 32. 3. 40 CL W. 62. 47 UF generic markup measure (line length) BT NT HTML measures SGML CL P. 5. 64 XHTML UF units

100 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term BT menus (software) middle space

NT

physical properties > UF pull-down menus MIME types

BT

BT

light > NT pop-up menus miniature books metal cast type CL W. 23. 19. 20. 59 dimensions USE metal type BT mechanicals metal composition minicomputers CL W. 62. 53 CL A. 10. 44. 78. 32. 47 CL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 5. 41 BT BT computers production > NT hot metal composition minus leading media conversion metal type USE negative leading CL C. 49. 55 CL O. 3. 5. 77. 22. 41 minus letterspacing BT cast type minuscules media literacy BT USE lowercase letters CL P. 5. 10. 52 metaphysics

BT mise-en-page CL A. 21. 32. 61. 61 mediaeval BT philosophy USE layout (activity) USE Middle Ages mezzotints Mkhedruli

CL C. 44. 90. 537 medieval CL W. 23. 73. 3. 38. 4. 5 USE Middle Ages BT engravings (prints) BT

tems > Mediterranean mice Modern CL S. 5. 52 CL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 43. 47

CL S. 3. 90 BT UF mouse

BT memo BT input devices NT USE personal computers memoirs

CL W. 36. 53 microdensitometers styles >

BT CL O. 3. 5. 10. 32. 47 modern typefaces memoranda SN device to measure print CL C. 44. 74. 35. 62 quality CL W. 29. 14. 52 BT UF memos BT CL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 48 BT mid space BT BT dia > CL P. 5. 44. 10. 51 memory devices Middle Ages BT CL S. 3. 80 CL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 3. 47 RT typefaces BT data storage devices UF medieval module NT RAM mediaeval CL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 68 BT memos BT USE memoranda middle schools Moiré effect CL L. 60. 10. 68 menus (dining) BT level > BT NT wine lists

CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 101 molly mouse mutton USE em USE mice USE em money mysteries

CL W. 29. 34. 5 USE moveable type CL W. 36. 48. 25. 36 UF currency moveable type BT fiction

BT CL O. 3. 5. 77. 22. 53 Mécane typefaces NT bills (currency) UF movable type CL C. 44. 74. 35. 59 coins BT BT Mongolian alphabet movie credits Nabatean script

CL C. 44. 90. 550 USE film titles CL C. 44. 90. 562 BT USE film titles tems > monitors movies Nagari USE computer displays USE motion pictures CL C. 44. 90. 575 monochrome printers BT USE manuscripts (hand- ers written works) nasal hook monograms USE ogonek MSS CL V. 47. 27. 47 USE manuscripts (hand- Native American languages BT BT CL C. 44. 20. 5 CL W. 29. 14. 57 BT character sets navbars BT USE navigation bars multicolored type monoline typefaces navigation bars CL P. 5. 81. 60 USE unmodulated typefaces BT type effects CL V. 47. 35. 60 monospaced typefaces UF navbars multilingual texts USE fixed-width typefaces BT Monotype (typesetting equip- UF bilingual texts ment) BT

CL O. 3. 5. 44. 78. 80. 6 CL S. 5. 61 tents >

BT typesetters (equipment) BT multimedia morphology (linguistics) NT Persian CL W. 23. 52

CL A. 21. 75. 64. 50 negative leading BT

BT linguistics CL V. 10. 25 Multiple Master fonts mortgages UF reverse leading CL C. 44. 74. 18. 21. 5. 10 minus leading CL P. 3. 10. 33. 36 BT BT expenses BT museum catalogs motion pictures negative letterspacing CL W. 29. 14. 18. 55 CL V. 10. 32 CL W. 23. 49 BT catalogs UF movies UF minus letterspacing museums films (cinema) whitespace reduction CL L. 52 WSR BT RT film (performing arts) music BT CL A. 21. 32. 12. 5. 47 negotiations BT performing arts CL A. 10. 10. 3. 46 musical typesetting BT business practices

CL A. 10. 44. 78. 21. 68 nekudot BT

tion > BT

102 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term Neo-Romanticist non-profit corporations nurbs

CL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 54 CL E. 5. 28. 51. 5. 6 CL V. 19. 44. 65. 49 BT

tury styles > BT splines CL W. 36. 48. 49 Neoclassical BT literary works nursery rhymes

CL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 51 NT biographies CL W. 36. 62

BT early twentieth cen- nonphoto blue Nushu (writing system)

tury styles > USE nonrepro blue CL C. 44. 90. 612 neogrotesque typefaces nonranging figures BT

BT nonrepro blue nut neohumanist typefaces USE en CL P. 5. 27. 3. 10. 37 CL C. 44. 74. 35. 66 UF nonphoto blue nut fractions

BT BT USE horizontal fractions New Typography movement normalization forms N’ko alphabet

CL S. 3. 90. 3. 34. 36 CL C. 49. 65 CL C. 44. 90. 587 BT

century styles > formation > tems > newsletters RT Unicode oblique

CL W. 29. 14. 60 North African CL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 30. 49

BT CL S. 5. 27. 3 BT

CL W. 49. 6. 61 North American NT machine italics BT periodicals CL S. 5. 18. 32 OCR nick (type) BT CL A. 44. 20. 4. 10

CL O. 3. 5. 77. 10. 58 North Semitic alphabets UF optical character recog-

BT nition CL C. 44. 90. 600 no-break space BT

USE non-breaking space tems > octagons no-break text novels CL V. 19. 10. 35. 10. 52

BT CL V. 47. 27. 58 CL W. 36. 57

BT octothorp

form > number sign USE hash mark RT breaks USE hash mark odd sorts Non Uniform Rational B- numeral sign USE pi characters splines USE hash mark office supplies USE nurbs numerals CL O. 3. 5. 44. 66. 6 non-breaking hyphen BT supplies CL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 6 CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 16. UF figures (numerals) official documents 53 digits CL W. 29. 18. 50 BT dash BT alphanumeric charac- BT non-breaking space ters NT certificates

CL V. 10. 84. 5. 83. 5 NT Arabic-Indic digits decrees UF hard space Arabic numerals passports no-break space Roman numerals BT word space

CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 103 offset photolithography on-demand printing optical letterspacing

USE offset printing CL A. 44. 51. 61. 66 USE optical kerning offset printing UF print on demand optical storage media BT printing CL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 66. 5. 52. CL C. 21. 44. 62 6 on-line fractions BT data storage media UF offset photolithography USE solidus fractions NT CD-ROMs BT photolithography one-up proofs DVDs ogham CL W. 62. 57 ordinals

CL C. 44. 90. 641 BT

BT BT second-order characters

tems > Op art org charts ogonek CL S. 3. 90. 3. 34. 41 USE organizational charts

CL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 67 BT

UF hook (accent mark) century styles > CL V. 19. 21. 44. 4. 3. 14. 5 nasal hook open spacing UF org charts Polish hook CL P. 5. 35. 10. 45 BT charts

BT BT CL E. 5 CL O. 5. 63. 50 OpenType fonts NT associations BT paints CL C. 44. 74. 18. 21. 5. 21 businesses

Old Church Slavonic alphabet BT institutions

CL C. 44. 90. 643 opera (performing arts) Orientale typefaces BT

tems > BT performing arts BT Old English typefaces operating systems Orkhon USE blackletter CL C. 27. 62. 4. 63 CL C. 44. 90. 675 Old Italic alphabet UF OS UF Hungarian runes

CL C. 44. 90. 650 BT BT

BT tems > USE typesetters (people) ornamented letterforms

Old Permic alphabet optical alignment CL V. 47. 44. 50. 55

CL C. 44. 90. 662 BT letterforms CL P. 5. 35. 55 BT

tems > visual alignment CL V. 19. 21. 24. 69 old-style typefaces BT BT decorative elements USE oldstyle typefaces RT optical NT flourishes oldstyle numerals optical character recognition orphans (typesetting)

CL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 6. 22. 3. USE OCR CL V. 56. 80. 13. 50 43 optical drives BT bad breaks UF nonranging figures CL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 3. 59 orthography BT NT CD-ROM drives BT

CL C. 44. 74. 35. 69 optical justification RT writing systems UF old-style typefaces USE optical alignment OS

BT optical kerning USE operating systems on-demand printers CL P. 5. 35. 10. 30. 4. 7 Osmanya alphabet

CL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 62. 72. UF optical letterspacing CL C. 44. 90. 687 22. 6 BT kerning UF Far Soomaali

BT

104 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term BT

tems > USE overstrike CL A. 44. 51. 47 outline oxeia BT RT page numbers CL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 56. 40 CL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 59

BT character styles BT paints outline fonts P&L CL O. 5. 63 BT materials CL C. 44. 74. 18. 21. 3. 6 USE profit and loss state- UF vector fonts ments NT acrylic paints oil paints scalable fonts package design watercolors BT CL A. 21. 32. 12. 7. 21. 35. 44 output devices BT graphic design paleography

CL A. 21. 32. 32. 55 CL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 62 RT packaging BT history UF computer output de- packages vices palette CL W. 23. 54

BT I/O devices CL P. 5. 27. 3. 80 BT NT computer displays BT color (chromaticity) packaging CRT palette knives CL W. 29. 75 LCD BT tion > printers (computer pe- NT primers palimpsests ripherals) RT package design CL W. 23. 56 output resolution page description languages BT CL P. 5. 18. 6. 6 CL C. 32. 3. 50 pamphlets BT resolution UF PDL CL W. 23. 59 outside margins BT computer languages BT

CL V. 38. 72. 49 NT PostScript PANOSE classification UF face margins page grids USE PANOSE Typeface thumb margins USE grids Matching System BT margins page imposition (tm) ovals USE imposition PANOSE Typeface Matching CL V. 19. 10. 35. 10. 58 page layout System (tm) BT USE layout (activity) CL C. 44. 74. 72. 41 overdot UF PANOSE classification page makeup USE dot above BT typeface classifications CL A. 10. 44. 78. 10. 55 overhead UF makeup pantographs CL P. 3. 10. 33. 43 CL O. 3. 5. 10. 44. 6 BT BT expenses BT page numbers overprinting Pantone CL V. 28. 49 CL A. 10. 44. 45 UF folios (typography) CL P. 5. 27. 3. 56. 41 BT BT color spaces BT overring NT blind folios paper

CL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 70 bouncing folios CL O. 3. 3. 73. 58 UF krouzek drop folios BT surfaces

BT fixed folios NT overstrike foot folios

CL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 56. 49 side folios

UF strike-through RT pagination

strikeout page proofs overstruck CL W. 62. 67. 52 paperbacks BT character styles BT proofs CL W. 23. 19. 20. 68

BT

CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 105 NT trade paperbacks BT CL O. 3. 5. 10. 21. 55

BT CL O. 3. 3. 73. 66 part titles

BT surfaces CL W. 10. 53. 60 penmanship papyrology BT front matter USE handwriting

CL A. 21. 32. 32. 67 Parthian script pens

BT history CL C. 44. 90. 700 CL O. 3. 5. 10. 21. 61 parables BT

tems > NT quill pens CL W. 36. 66

BT partnerships pensions parabolas CL E. 5. 28. 37. 6 CL A. 10. 10. 5. 79 BT business ventures BT financial practices CL V. 19. 10. 35. 10. 63

BT passports pentagons paragraph attributes CL W. 29. 18. 50. 63 CL V. 19. 10. 35. 10. 69 USE paragraph styles BT official documents BT paragraph indents pasteup percent sign

CL A. 10. 44. 78. 10. 67 CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 65 CL V. 10. 84. 5. 34. 54 UF first-line indent BT BT paragraph mark patches perceptual rendering USE pilcrow USE strip-in corrections CL A. 44. 51. 10. 42. 52 BT color rendering paragraph styles patents

CL P. 3. 22. 10. 60 perfect binding CL P. 5. 44. 56 UF paragraph attributes BT

law > BT BT paragraph wrapping paths (computer graphics) performing arts USE line breaking CL V. 19. 44. 39 CL A. 21. 32. 12. 5 BT NT dance CL V. 47. 35. 56 film (performing arts) BT BT CL W. 16. 66 arts) BT CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 68 PDL parallelograms SN In American usage, re- USE page description lan- CL V. 19. 10. 35. 10. 75. 43. 39 fers to the hash guages BT quadrilaterals mark. parallels PE UF full stop USE printer’s errors CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 77. 55 BT

BT pedigrees characters > parchment CL W. 29. 22. 63 periodicals

BT CL O. 3. 3. 73. 75 CL W. 49. 6 BT surfaces penalty copy BT USE parentheses UF bad copy NT journals BT newspapers CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 61 UF parens

106 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term perispomene photo-mechanical transfer photolithography

CL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 71 CL A. 44. 51. 52. 6 CL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 66. 5. 52

BT UF PMT BT lithography Perl BT photographic processes NT offset printing RT photolithographs CL C. 32. 3. 60. 34 photoaquatint

BT programming lan- CL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 52. 68. 5 photomechanical printing guages BT photogravure processes

Persian photocomposition CL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 60

BT CL S. 5. 61. 3 USE phototypesetting NT collotype BT Near Eastern photographers photomontage Persian script CL E. 3. 3. 50

CL W. 23. 64 CL C. 44. 90. 712 BT BT

tems > photographs Photorealist personal computers photographic fonts CL S. 3. 90. 3. 34. 45 BT microcomputers BT

BT computers tion > CL O. 3. 5. 44. 51. 62. 6 NT desktop computers photographic processes SN Printing plates pro- laptops duced by a photo- CL A. 44. 51. 52 graphic process personnel manuals BT BT printing plates CL W. 29. 14. 49. 45 NT daguerreotype UF employee manuals photo-mechanical phototypesetting

BT manuals transfer CL A. 10. 44. 78. 32. 64 phenomenology photographs UF photocomposition filmsetting CL A. 21. 32. 61. 73 CL W. 23. 61

BT BT philosophy BT philosophy NT slides pi characters

RT photography CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 40 CL A. 21. 32. 61 BT humanities photographers UF pi sorts NT epistemology photography special sorts odd sorts esthetics CL A. 10. 27. 73 ethics BT metaphysics NT cinematography pi fonts

phenomenology digital photography CL C. 44. 74. 27. 64

Phoenician alphabet videography BT RT photographers RT pi characters CL C. 44. 90. 725 BT

tems > photogravure USE pi characters phonetic alphabets CL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 52. 68 pica (type dimensions) UF heliogravure CL C. 44. 83. 25. 52 CL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 10. 54 gravure BT BT intaglio function > RT phonetic symbols NT photoaquatint rotogravure phonetic symbols photolithographs CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 77. 6 BT symbols (characters) CL W. 23. 73. 3. 57. 5. 52 RT phonetic alphabets BT lithographs RT photolithography

CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 107 pica pole pinyin plotters

USE type gauges CL C. 49. 80. 53 CL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 62. 61 pica rule BT transliteration BT output devices USE type gauges pixels plug-ins pica stick CL V. 19. 44. 50 CL C. 27. 62. 4. 71 USE type gauges BT

ments > pochoir USE pictographs pixels per inch CL A. 44. 51. 80. 6

CL P. 5. 64. 59. 61 BT stenciling pictographs UF PPI poems CL C. 55. 57 BT dimensions UF pictograms USE poetry plain text BT poetry

CL C. 44. 65. 5 Pictorialist CL W. 36. 48. 65 BT text UF poems CL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 57 BT poetry ellipsis

production > pictorials CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 60 Plakatstil BT

CL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 60 characters > BT BT UF children’s picture books BT BT children’s books planes (geometry) NT American point

CL V. 19. 10. 35. 61 Anglo-American point picture dictionaries BT geometric figures Didot points CL W. 29. 14. 24. 6 PostScript point BT dictionaries planographic printing printer’s point CL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 66 pie charts BT point size CL V. 19. 21. 44. 4. 3. 14. 7 NT lithography USE type size UF pie graphs RT planographic prints BT charts pointing hand planographic prints USE printer’s fist pie graphs CL W. 23. 73. 3. 57 USE pie charts points of suspension BT USE ellipsis piece fractions NT lithographs Polish hook CL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 6. 22. 5. RT planographic printing 64 USE ogonek platemaking BT fractions political posters CL A. 10. 44. 54 pilcrow CL W. 23. 68. 41 BT BT posters CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 71 RT printing plates UF paragraph mark polygons plates (pages) BT BT BT illustrations (visual NT quadrilaterals pilgrimage handbooks elements) trapezoids CL W. 29. 26. 59 playbills triangles BT CL W. 29. 14. 15. 68 polyhedra pin mark BT announcements CL V. 19. 10. 35. 20. 61 CL O. 3. 5. 77. 10. 66 playscripts BT BT CL W. 36. 80. 5 NT cubes BT scripts (created works)

108 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term pyramids (geometric war posters preliminaries figures) Postmodern USE front matter tetrahedrons CL S. 3. 90. 3. 34. 54 prelims Pop Art BT

CL S. 3. 90. 3. 34. 50 century styles > presentations BT

century styles > CL C. 32. 3. 50. 3 BT pop caps BT page description lan- press kits USE elevated caps guages CL W. 29. 14. 66 NT Display PostScript pop-up menus BT EPS CL V. 47. 35. 55. 60 press releases BT menus (software) PostScript fonts CL W. 29. 14. 68

CL C. 44. 74. 18. 21. 5. 32 portable computers BT

BT USE laptops press type NT Type 1 fonts Portable Document Format USE press-on lettering Type 3 fonts USE PDF (file format) press-on lettering PostScript point Portable Net Graphics CL C. 44. 74. 18. 66 CL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 10. 59. 41 USE PNG (file format) UF press type BT point Portable Network Graphics transfer lettering pound sterling sign USE PNG (file format) rub-down letters CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 16. 66 BT CL V. 19. 21. 58 PPI SN placeholder for a pressbooks USE pixels per inch graphic CL W. 29. 14. 63 UF FPO PQ BT for position only USE printer’s query presses

BT

function > USE public relations BT Post-Impressionist pragmatics NT commercial printers fine presses CL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 62 CL A. 21. 75. 64. 74. 5 BT

tury styles > presswork CL S. 3. 20

CL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 72. 6 post-press BT BT relief printing CL A. 10. 44. 58 pre-press NT fine presswork BT CL A. 44. 51. 57 price estimates postage BT

CL A. 10. 10. 3. 53 USE shipping expenses prefaces UF estimates postage stamps CL W. 10. 53. 66 price quotes CL W. 29. 34. 7 BT front matter BT business practices UF stamps (postage) preflighting RT prices BT CL A. 10. 44. 61 price lists posterization SN Checking works for CL W. 16. 71 CL V. 56. 55 problems before BT printing them tents > posters BT

CL W. 23. 68 prehistoric

BT CL S. 3. 15

NT political posters BT propaganda posters

CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 109 price quotes printer’s devices printing (handwriting)

USE price estimates USE printer’s marks CL C. 44. 40. 5. 69 prices printer’s devils BT handwriting styles NT block printing (hand- CL P. 3. 10. 59 CL E. 3. 3. 55 writing) UF fees BT pricing printer’s emblems printing artifacts BT <financial concepts > USE printer’s marks USE printing flaws RT billing printer’s errors printing equipment price estimates CL O. 3. 5. 44. 51 CL W. 62. 10. 59 pricing UF PE SN Equipment used in USE prices BT alterations printing, with the ex- ception of printers primary letters printer’s fist that are normally CL C. 44. 13. 10. 62 CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 77. 68 used as computer BT UF pointing hand peripherals, for prime index (pointing hand) which see printers CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 77. 64 BT (computer peripher- BT printer’s flowers als) primers USE fleurons BT equipment CL W. 29. 75. 6 printer’s hand NT digital prooofers BT packaging CL C. 44. 40. 5. 52. 62 electrophotographic Primitivist BT manuscript hands printers

CL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 65 printer’s marks imagesetters BT printer’s devices printing flaws print on demand BT

USE on-demand printing function > UF printing artifacts print quality printer’s ornaments BT NT broken type CL P. 5. 64. 20. 5 CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 51 doubling (printing BT UF type ornaments RT quality control BT analphabetic characters flaws) dropouts (printing print shops NT dingbats fleurons flaws) CL E. 5. 28. 10. 57 ghosting BT printer’s point hickeys (printing flaws) CL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 10. 59. 72 printers (businesses) scumming (printing BT point CL E. 5. 28. 10. 50 flaws) BT printer’s query slurring (printing flaws)

RT printing CL V. 19. 21. 70. 6 printing paper printers (computer peripherals) UF PQ CL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 5. 66 BT proofmarks CL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 62. 72 BT BT output devices printing printing plates NT BT BT printing equipment NT NT phototypes craft printing RT platemaking printers (people) fine printing on-demand printing printing presses CL E. 3. 3. 59 RT printers (people) CL O. 3. 5. 44. 51. 72 BT BT printing equipment RT printing printers (businesses)

110 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term printmakers professional education proofreader’s marks

CL E. 3. 3. 64 CL A. 10. 35. 67 USE proofmarks

BT UF professional training proofreading RT printmaking BT

prints ing > BT printmaking RT education (discipline) RT typos

CL A. 44. 51. 66 professional organizations proofreaders SN The production of USE professional associa- proof correction marks prints tions proofreading marks BT professional training USE proofmarks RT printmakers USE professional education proofs prints profit and loss statements CL W. 62. 67 prints CL A. 10. 10. 5. 54. 66 BT

CL W. 23. 73 UF P&L production > BT BT financial reports NT boards (typesetting)

NT profits color proofs RT printmaking first proofs CL P. 3. 10. 69 printmakers foul copy BT <financial concepts > Private Press Movement galley proofs programmed textbooks CL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 68 high-resolution proofs CL W. 23. 19. 30. 73. 6 BT revised proofs

CL C. 32. 3. 60 private schools second revised proofs BT computer languages soft proofs CL L. 60. 22. 5 NT Applescript BT propaganda Java (programming CL W. 29. 14. 71 process color language) BT CL P. 5. 27. 3. 10. 54 Perl

BT propaganda posters project management production techniques CL W. 23. 68. 54 CL A. 10. 10. 3. 64 BT posters CL A. 44. 51. 70 BT business practices

BT proportional typefaces promotion professional associations CL C. 44. 74. 44. 47 CL A. 10. 67. 72 BT UF professional organiza- BT employment tions proposals proof correction marks BT BT BT mark-up (printing) professional certification pro- RT proofreading prospectuses grams CL W. 29. 14. 76 proofmarks CL A. 10. 35. 53 BT CL V. 19. 21. 70 BT proofreading marks CL W. 23. 83. 54 professional conferences BT

CL A. 32. 39. 6 function > proverbs BT conferences NT printer’s query CL W. 36. 71 professional development RT alterations BT

CL A. 10. 35. 60 proofreaders Psalter script BT

ing > BT BT

RT proofreading tems >

CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 111 psili punctuating em dash questionnaires

CL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 24. 6 CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 16. CL W. 29. 14. 79

UF smooth breathing 17. 72 BT spiritus lenis BT em dash quill pens BT breathing marks punctuation CL O. 3. 5. 10. 21. 61. 6

Psychedelic CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62 BT pens

CL S. 3. 90. 3. 34. 58 BT analphabetic characters quires BT

century styles > characters > BT RT hanging punctuation public relations quoins

CL A. 21. 75. 26. 67 Punk CL O. 3. 5. 44. 78. 47 UF PR CL S. 3. 90. 3. 34. 63 BT typesetting equipment BT communications (disci- BT CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 79 public schools pyramids (geometric figures) UF quote marks CL L. 60. 22. 7 CL V. 19. 10. 35. 20. 61. 55 BT

BT BT polyhedra characters > publishers quad NT

CL E. 5. 28. 10. 65 CL V. 10. 84. 3. 62 form >

BT UF quadrat

NT commercial publishers BT publishers’ catalogs sions > quotations

CL W. 29. 14. 18. 65 quadrat CL V. 47. 35. 61 BT catalogs USE quad BT NT block quotations CL A. 10. 18. 5 CL V. 19. 44. 65. 67 BT

ties > quadrilaterals USE quotation marks NT scientific publishing CL V. 19. 10. 35. 10. 75. 43 Qur’an technical publishing BT polygons CL W. 29. 26. 68. 3. 32 pull quotes NT parallelograms BT

CL V. 47. 35. 61. 3. 6 rectangles rag paper SN Small block quotations rhombuses CL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 3. 63 set in a large font quaint characters BT BT block quotations USE tied letters ragged pull-down menus quality control CL P. 5. 35. 39. 38. 4. 70 USE menus (software) CL A. 10. 44. 69 UF unjustified punchcutters BT BT linesettings

CL E. 3. 3. 74 RT print quality NT ragged left

BT quantitative information ragged right punchcutting USE statistics wild rag

CL A. 10. 44. 65 query ragged left SN The process of creating USE question mark CL P. 5. 35. 39. 38. 4. 70. 43 type (objects) from UF left ragged question mark type designs ranged left CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 75 BT flush right UF query NT digital punchcutting FR BT ragged right

CL P. 5. 35. 39. 38. 4. 70. 55 UF right ragged

112 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term ranged right Realist reflexive serif

RR CL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 71 CL V. 47. 10. 63. 3. 45

flush left BT FL early twentieth cen- register marks

BT ragged tury styles > CL V. 28. 60 railroad maps realist typefaces BT

CL W. 29. 10. 5. 65. 48 CL C. 44. 74. 35. 76 NT crosshairs

BT transportation maps BT registration railroad schedules reams CL A. 44. 51. 75

CL W. 16. 10. 6. 7. 6 CL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 51. 7 BT

BT transportation sched- BT regular ules rebus CL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 41. 68 raised initial CL V. 47. 44. 82 BT

USE elevated caps BT relative colorimetric rendering

RAM recipe books CL A. 44. 51. 10. 42. 68

CL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 3. 47. 3 USE cookbooks BT color rendering UF random-access memory recipes relative indents BT memory devices CL W. 16. 76 CL V. 10. 84. 5. 34. 66 random-access memory BT

USE RAM tents > relief printing RT cookbooks range kerning CL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 72

USE tracking record covers BT ranged left CL W. 23. 75 NT letterpress printing USE ragged left BT presswork ranged right rectangles relief prints USE ragged right CL V. 19. 10. 35. 10. 75. 43. 56 CL W. 23. 73. 3. 71

BT quadrilaterals BT ranging figures NT squares NT woodcuts USE lining numerals recto religion ranked hyphenation CL V. 28. 55 CL A. 21. 32. 73 CL P. 5. 35. 39. 25. 6 BT BT humanities BT hyphenation recycled paper religious calendars rare books CL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 3. 67 CL W. 16. 10. 3. 6 CL W. 23. 19. 51. 6 BT BT calendars BT red, green, blue remake raster images USE RGB CL W. 62. 70 CL V. 19. 10. 43. 63 BT CL W. 23. 19. 30. 61 rasterization BT remarque proofs CL A. 10. 44. 73 CL W. 62. 67. 61 SN The process of creating reference lists BT proofs raster images USE bibliographies UF rendering reference marks Renaissance

CL S. 3. 70 BT CL V. 47. 35. 66

BT readability UF footnote calls BT

text > referrals readers (books) CL A. 10. 10. 3. 70 BT business practices CL W. 23. 19. 30. 56

BT

CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 113 rendering ring (accent mark) RR

USE rasterization CL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 75 USE ragged right rent BT RTL

CL P. 3. 10. 33. 51 rivers (typesetting) USE right-to-left (writing

UF leasing CL V. 56. 80. 69 direction) leases BT typographical artifacts rub-down letters BT expenses road maps USE press-on lettering repro CL W. 29. 10. 5. 65. 60 rubrics

CL W. 62. 73 BT transportation maps CL V. 47. 35. 45. 3. 52 UF reproduction proofs roman BT BT Roman alphabet CL V. 47. 35. 71 reproduction proofs CL C. 44. 90. 750 BT resolution BT

CL P. 5. 18. 6 tems > CL V. 19. 10. 68. 5. 60

BT Roman numerals BT NT output resolution CL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 6. 34 rules retail BT numerals CL V. 19. 10. 68 CL A. 10. 10. 3. 76 Roman typefaces BT reverse BT NT

CL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 56. 60 romance novels BT character styles CL W. 36. 48. 25. 57 run-ins reverse leading BT fiction CL V. 47. 35. 45. 5. 73. 6 USE negative leading Romanticist UF inline subhead BT subheads revised proofs CL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 73

CL W. 62. 67. 67 BT

UF first revises early twentieth cen- CL W. 10. 16. 6

BT proofs tury styles > BT chapters RGB rotogravure runarounds

CL P. 5. 27. 3. 48. 5 CL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 52. 68. 7 CL V. 38. 72. 64 UF red, green, blue BT photogravure UF shaped margins BT color models rotunda BT margins

RH CL C. 44. 74. 35. 15. 60 runes

USE running heads BT blackletter CL C. 44. 83. 25. 69 rhombuses rough breathing BT

function > CL V. 19. 10. 35. 10. 75. 43. 69 USE daseia RT Futhark BT quadrilaterals rows running feet rich text CL V. 38. 77

CL V. 28. 65 CL C. 44. 65. 7 BT UF footer UF styled text royalties BT text BT CL P. 3. 10. 49. 6 right ragged BT income running heads USE ragged right CL V. 28. 69 UF RH right-to-left (writing direction) header CL P. 5. 35. 10. 84. 63 BT UF RTL BT writing direction

114 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term running indents sales scanning

CL V. 10. 84. 5. 34. 76 CL A. 10. 10. 3. 82 CL A. 44. 20. 4. 57 SN An indent that’s re- BT business practices BT digitization peated on more than sales guides RT scanners 1 consecutive line CL W. 29. 81 scansion marks BT indents BT BT combining characters

USE body text Samaritan script NT running titles CL C. 44. 90. 775 scatter graphs

CL V. 47. 35. 85. 6 BT

BT titles tems > BT graphs runover lines Sammelband schedules

USE runovers CL O. 3. 3. 10 CL W. 16. 10. 6 runovers UF composite volumes BT

BT ules > CL V. 47. 35. 75 UF runover lines sample books NT transportation sched- ules turn lines CL W. 23. 19. 30. 67

turns BT scholarly communication

turnovers sample pages CL A. 10. 18. 7 BT UF samples ties > Russian Constructivist BT

CL S. 3. 90. 3. 34. 67 production > CL W. 29. 14. 82

BT century styles > USE sample pages schools

Réale typefaces sans CL L. 60 CL C. 44. 74. 35. 73 USE sans-serif typefaces NT

BT level > sans-serif typefaces Sabaean script CL C. 44. 74. 44. 55 CL C. 44. 90. 762 UF sanserif RT education (discipline) BT BT

CL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 4. 10. 73 CL W. 29. 26. 68 RT serif

BT BT sanserif NT USE sans-serif typefaces Schwabacher typefaces

CL C. 44. 74. 35. 80 saddle-stitch binding scalable fonts BT CL O. 3. 5. 21. 11. 3. 57 USE outline fonts UF saddle-stitching science fiction Scalable Vector Graphics BT CL W. 36. 48. 25. 70 USE SVG (file format) saddle-stitching BT fiction scanners USE saddle-stitch binding sciences CL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 43. 74 CL A. 21. 64 salaries BT input devices BT CL P. 3. 10. 33. 57 NT desktop scanners UF labor costs drum scanners scientific illustration BT expenses flatbed scanners CL A. 10. 27. 39. 58 sale catalogs large format scanners BT illustration (activity)

CL W. 29. 14. 18. 73 sheetfed scanners scientific publishing

BT catalogs slide scanners CL A. 10. 18. 5. 6 RT scanning BT publishing gamma

CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 115 scores sculptural books semicolon

CL W. 16. 80 USE three-dimensional CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 82 BT

tents > sculptural type characters > Scotch rule USE three-dimensional type seminars

USE double rules scumming (printing flaws) CL A. 32. 10. 6 BT

ing events > CL C. 44. 74. 35. 82 BT printing flaws

BT scutulate serif semiology USE semiotics screen fonts CL V. 47. 10. 63. 3. 51

USE bitmap fonts BT semiotics screen printing second revised proofs CL A. 21. 75. 64. 74 UF semiology CL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 78 CL W. 62. 67. 74 BT linguistics BT BT proofs NT pragmatics NT halftone screen printing second-order characters silkscreen printing semantics CL C. 44. 13. 10. 75 stochastic screening syntactics BT screenless lithography NT ordinals Semitic languages

CL C. 79. 3. 3. 34 CL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 66. 5. 70 subscripts BT lithography superscripts BT

lies > screenplays section mark sentence-style capitalization CL W. 36. 76 CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 77

CL P. 5. 44. 26. 70 BT BT tion CL E. 3. 3. 79 section-sewn binding BT capitalization BT CL O. 3. 5. 21. 11. 3. 67 series titles script typefaces BT CL W. 10. 53. 72 CL C. 44. 74. 44. 61 sections BT front matter UF Scripte CL W. 10. 83 BT

CL V. 47. 10. 63 form > work >

BT Scripte Secure File Transfer Protocol NT USE script typefaces USE SFTP RT serif typefaces scripts (created works) self-employment tax sans-serif typefaces

CL W. 36. 80 CL P. 3. 10. 33. 71. 64 serif typefaces BT BT taxes CL C. 44. 74. 44. 68 NT playscripts semantics UF seriffed typefaces telescripts CL A. 21. 75. 64. 74. 7 BT USE writing systems NT semasiology NT slab-serif typefaces scrolls semasiology RT serif

CL W. 23. 78 CL A. 21. 75. 64. 74. 7. 7 seriffed typefaces BT BT semantics USE serif typefaces NT emakimono semibold serigraphy kakemono CL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 41. 78 USE silkscreen printing UF demibold seriography BT USE silkscreen printing sermons

CL W. 29. 26. 75

BT

116 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term service bureaus shaped poetry side notes

CL E. 5. 28. 10. 73 USE concrete poetry USE marginal notes

BT sheet music side-bearing set solid CL W. 16. 14. 58 CL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 10. 70

CL P. 5. 35. 77. 6 BT

BT settings (typography) works > side-stitch binding set width sheetfed scanners CL O. 3. 5. 21. 11. 3. 77

CL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 10. 65 CL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 43. 74. UF side-stitching

BT 67 BT settings (typography) BT scanners side-stitching

CL P. 5. 35. 77 Shift-JIS USE side-stitch binding

SN Combinations of type CL C. 44. 20. 3. 58 sidebars

size and leading BT CL V. 38. 80

BT shilling fractions BT NT set solid USE solidus fractions sideheads solid set shilling mark CL V. 47. 35. 45. 3. 61 Sezessionstil USE slash SN A heading or subhead USE Vienna Secession shilling stroke set flush to the mar- SFTP USE slash gin

CL C. 10. 46. 34 BT shipping expenses UF Secure File Transfer sign systems CL P. 3. 10. 33. 64 Protocol UF postage CL C. 55. 73 BT computer communica- BT expenses BT tion protocols sho signage SGML USE signs CL C. 44. 40. 5. 14. 44. 7 CL C. 32. 3. 40. 50 BT Japanese calligraphy signatures UF Standard Generalized CL O. 3. 5. 21. 68 Markup Language shopping bags BT BT markup languages CL W. 23. 80 RT imposition BT shaded letters signs USE shadow letters short stories CL W. 23. 83 CL W. 36. 85 shadow UF signage BT CL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 56. 70 BT short-ranging figures BT character styles NT directional signs USE small cap figures shadow letters protest signs shoulder (type) CL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 56. 78 traffic signs

CL O. 3. 5. 77. 10. 81 UF shaded letters silhouettes BT character styles BT CL V. 19. 10. 75 shank (type) show-through BT

BT side bearings silkscreen printing

CL V. 47. 10. 67 shaped margins CL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 78. 59 USE runarounds BT UF serigraphy shaped paper side folios seriography

CL V. 28. 49. 77 BT screen printing CL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 3. 72 BT page numbers BT

CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 117 silverprints slashed ell smart quotes USE bluelines USE barred ell USE curly quotes single quotes slashed oh smooth breathing

CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 79. 5. USE barred oh USE psili 6 slide scanners social sciences UF inverted commas CL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 5. 43. 74. CL A. 21. 75 BT function > BT scanners NT anthropology sink RT slides archeology

CL V. 10. 42 slides communications (disci-

BT pline) CL W. 23. 61. 7 sinograms BT photographs economics USE Hanzi RT slide scanners education (discipline) geography skew slope information science CL P. 5. 35. 20. 71 CL P. 5. 44. 10. 62 linguistics BT alignment BT sociology slab serif RT typefaces Socialist Realist CL V. 47. 10. 63. 3. 57 sloped roman CL S. 3. 90. 3. 34. 72 UF square serif USE machine italics BT BT CL V. 47. 10. 63. 3. 62 RT slab-serif typefaces societies BT USE associations slab-serif typefaces slurring (printing flaws) sociology CL C. 44. 74. 44. 68. 7 CL V. 56. 65. 78 CL A. 21. 75. 81 UF Egyptian typefaces BT printing flaws BT serif typefaces BT social sciences small businesses RT slab serif soft hyphen CL E. 5. 28. 21. 7 slant USE discretionary hyphen BT USE stance soft proofs small cap figures slanted CL W. 62. 67. 81 CL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 6. 22. 3. BT proofs USE machine italics 62 slanted roman UF short-ranging figures software USE machine italics BT BT CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 86 small capitals NT SN Use for slash characters USE small caps generally or ambigu- small caps ously Sogdian script CL V. 47. 44. 50. 73 CL C. 44. 90. 787 UF diagonal UF small capitals BT shilling stroke NT fake small caps solidus RT uppercase letters SOHO BT solarization CL E. 5. 28. 10. 43. 62 NT backslash UF little presses CL A. 44. 51. 10. 77 fraction bar BT presses BT virgule solid set

CL P. 5. 35. 77. 8 BT settings (typography)

118 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term solid-state drives Spanish (style) spot color

CL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 3. 3. 75 CL S. 5. 44. 56 CL P. 5. 27. 3. 10. 72

BT data storage devices BT European BT NT flash drives spanner head RT color separation solidus USE straddle heads spread

USE slash spanner rule CL V. 10. 49 solidus fractions USE straddle rules UF two-page spread double-page spread CL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 6. 22. 5. special sorts BT 77 USE pi characters UF on-line fractions square brackets specimen books shilling fractions CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 81 USE type specimen catalogs BT fractions BT CL O. 3. 5. 10. 32. 62 CL W. 16. 14. 71 square serif BT works > squares RT hymnals spectroradiometers CL V. 19. 10. 35. 10. 75. 43. CL O. 3. 5. 10. 32. 70 sorting 56. 7 BT sorts (type) sRGB spheres CL O. 3. 3. 59 CL P. 5. 27. 3. 56. 74 CL V. 19. 10. 35. 20. 76 BT UF standard RGB BT South American BT color spaces spine CL S. 5. 18. 44 stacked heads CL O. 3. 5. 21. 75 BT CL V. 47. 35. 45. 3. 70 BT BT South Arabian script NT concertina spine

CL C. 44. 90. 800 stamps (postage) spine (character parts) BT stance BT

South Asian languages CL P. 5. 44. 10. 69 spirals CL C. 79. 3. 5. 34 UF slant CL V. 19. 10. 35. 76 BT UF helices groups > RT typefaces helix space BT geometric figures Standard Generalized Markup

CL V. 10. 84. 7 Language spiritus BT whitespace USE SGML USE breathing marks space band standard RGB spiritus asper USE word space USE sRGB USE daseia space-after standard-width typefaces spiritus lenis CL V. 10. 84. 5. 64 CL C. 44. 74. 44. 75 USE psili BT BT CL V. 19. 44. 65 CL V. 10. 84. 5. 72 standing caps BT USE elevated caps ments > spacebands NT cubic splines stationery CL O. 3. 5. 44. 78. 58 nurbs CL W. 29. 14. 84 UF wedges of metal be- quadratic splines BT tween words split fountain overprinting BT typesetting equipment CL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 83

BT

CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 119 statistics straight copy styli

CL C. 27. 74 USE clean copy CL O. 3. 5. 10. 21. 76 UF quantitative informa- straight quotes UF stylus

tion BT CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 79. 3. BT 72 stylus stem UF dumb quotes USE styli

CL V. 47. 10. 73 typewriter-style quota- Sub-Saharan African UF main stroke tion marks CL S. 5. 27. 5 BT BT

form > stenciling subheading CL A. 44. 51. 80 stress USE subheads

BT USE bias subheads NT pochoir strike-on composition CL V. 47. 35. 45. 5. 73 RT stencils CL A. 10. 44. 78. 10. 16. 7 SN A subordinate heading stencils BT composition UF subheading

CL O. 3. 5. 10. 21. 70 strike-through BT BT USE overstrike NT run-ins RT stenciling strikeout subpixels stick-up initial USE overstrike CL V. 19. 44. 76 USE elevated caps strip-in corrections BT CL W. 62. 10. 71 CL W. 23. 85 UF strip-ins subscripts

BT patches CL C. 44. 13. 10. 75. 61 NT bumper stickers BT alterations UF inferiors stochastic screening strip-ins BT second-order characters CL A. 44. 51. 61. 10. 78. 72 USE strip-in corrections subtitles SN The random placement stripping guides CL V. 47. 35. 86 of uniform dots in USE corner marks BT BT screen printing stroke subtractive color synthesis CL V. 47. 10. 77 Stone Age CL P. 5. 27. 3. 65. 6 BT CL S. 3. 30 BT color synthesis stub BT USE stub columns subway maps storage devices CL W. 29. 10. 5. 65. 75 stub columns USE data storage devices BT transportation maps CL V. 38. 36. 7 straddle entries UF stub superiors CL V. 38. 32. 7 BT columns USE superscripts BT cells superscripts RT straddle heads studios CL C. 44. 13. 10. 75. 73 CL L. 80. 6 straddle heads BT workplaces UF superiors CL V. 47. 35. 45. 3. 79 BT second-order characters UF spanner head style manuals supplies CL W. 16. 85 BT CL O. 3. 5. 44. 66 RT straddle entries BT straddle rules ment styled text CL V. 19. 10. 68. 3. 62 BT equipment USE rich text UF spanner rule NT office supplies cross rule stylesheet languages

BT CL C. 32. 3. 80 BT computer languages NT CSS

120 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term supports symbols (characters) tags

USE surfaces CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 77 USE labels surfaces BT analphabetic characters Tai Lue alphabet NT phonetic symbols CL O. 3. 3. 73 CL C. 44. 90. 825 SN Planar objects upon BT

which visual ele- symposia tems > ments are placed USE conferences tail (character parts) UF supports symposium CL V. 47. 10. 80

BT USE conferences BT NT acetate syntactics tail margins canvas CL A. 21. 75. 64. 74. 9 USE bottom margins cardboard BT semiotics fabric tail rules paper syntax CL V. 19. 10. 68. 5. 75 paperboard CL A. 21. 75. 64. 76 BT parchment BT linguistics tailpieces

Surrealist Syriac script CL V. 19. 32. 75

CL C. 44. 90. 812 BT

tems > century styles > tapered rules surtitles T-shirts CL V. 19. 10. 68. 3. 71

CL W. 23. 29. 3 UF swelled rules CL V. 47. 35. 87 BT

function > tab entry tax deductions swash characters USE cells CL P. 3. 10. 33. 71. 77 BT taxes CL V. 47. 44. 50. 11. 6 tab stops

UF swash letters CL V. 38. 87 taxes

swashes UF tab values CL P. 3. 10. 33. 71

BT alternate characters BT BT expenses swash letters tab values NT corporate taxes USE swash characters USE tab stops estimated tax payments income taxes swashes tables self-employment tax USE swash characters CL V. 19. 21. 78 tax deductions swelled rules UF tabular work teaching USE tapered rules BT Swiss design BT CL W. 10. 53. 79 graphic Style RT education (discipline) BT front matter Swiss style tear index USE International Typo- tabular work CL P. 5. 64. 10. 6 USE tables graphic Style SN A property of paper syllabaries Tagged Image File Format BT BT writing systems taglines teardrop terminal

CL V. 47. 35. 81 syllabics CL V. 47. 10. 83. 75 USE abugidas BT

function > Symbolist BT terminal

CL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 76 tearsheets

BT

tury styles > production >

CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 121 technical illustration text page thorn

CL A. 10. 27. 39. 74 CL V. 10. 63 CL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 4. 10. 79

BT illustration (activity) UF text area BT technical manuals BT three-dimensional books

CL W. 29. 14. 49. 64 text sizes CL W. 23. 19. 20. 81

BT manuals CL P. 5. 64. 59. 73 UF sculptural books technical publishing BT dimensions BT NT composition size NT foldout books CL A. 10. 18. 5. 8 BT publishing display size three-dimensional type telescripts text type CL P. 5. 44. 10. 76. 10. 7 USE text fonts UF dimensional type CL W. 36. 80. 7 BT scripts (created works) text typefaces sculptural type

BT terminal USE text fonts three-em dash CL V. 47. 10. 83 text wrapping

CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 16. BT USE line breaking 69 NT ball terminal textblock beak terminal BT dash CL V. 10. 56 finial (character parts) UF text block three-to-em space teardrop terminal USE thick space BT terminal characters textbooks thumb drives USE finials (characters) USE flash drives CL W. 23. 19. 30. 73 tetrahedrons BT thumb indexes

CL V. 19. 10. 35. 20. 61. 74 NT programmed textbooks CL V. 28. 75

BT polyhedra textura BT text CL C. 44. 74. 35. 15. 76 thumb margins

CL C. 44. 65 BT blackletter USE outside margins BT

guage > CL P. 5. 35. 10. 69 CL V. 19. 10. 43. 77 NT plain text BT tied letters text area theater (performing arts) CL V. 47. 44. 56. 7 USE text page CL A. 21. 32. 12. 5. 77 UF quaint characters text block BT performing arts BT ligatures

CL O. 3. 5. 21. 82 theater programs tight rag

BT CL W. 29. 14. 87 CL P. 5. 44. 76 text direction BT BT

CL P. 5. 35. 10. 63 thermal-transfer printers tilde BT

text > 34. 79 BT text faces BT tissues USE text fonts thick space CL W. 62. 84 text fonts CL V. 10. 84. 3. 73 BT

CL C. 44. 74. 27. 75 UF three-to-em space production > UF body type BT

text type sions > CL W. 10. 53. 84 text typefaces thin space BT front matter text faces CL V. 10. 84. 3. 81 titlecase book faces BT sions > BT letters (characters) RT body text

122 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term titles tracking transliteration

CL V. 47. 35. 85 CL P. 5. 35. 10. 76 CL C. 49. 80 BT

function > BT

NT running titles text > NT bopomofo titling figures tracts (documents) pinyin Wade-Giles USE titling numerals CL W. 29. 26. 83 titling fonts BT transportation expenses USE titling typefaces trade CL P. 3. 10. 33. 77 BT expenses titling numerals USE commerce transportation maps CL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 6. 22. 3. trade books

CL W. 29. 10. 5. 65 76 CL W. 23. 19. 30. 79 BT maps UF titling figures BT NT bus route maps BT CL W. 23. 24. 76 road maps titling typefaces BT cards subway maps CL C. 44. 74. 27. 82 trade paperbacks UF titling fonts transportation schedules CL W. 23. 19. 20. 68. 7 CL W. 16. 10. 6. 7 BT BT paperbacks BT schedules tone marks trade unions NT bus schedules CL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 65 CL E. 5. 13. 3. 79 railroad schedules BT combining characters BT CL V. 19. 10. 35. 10. 84 CL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 70 trademark law BT BT CL P. 3. 22. 10. 78 trapezoids top margins BT BT polygons UF head margins RT trademarks travel expenses BT margins trademarks CL P. 3. 10. 33. 83 top-to-bottom (writing direc- CL C. 38. 6 BT expenses tion) BT BT writing direction RT trademark law CL W. 29. 86 BT USE topographic maps CL W. 23. 83. 75 travelogues topographic maps BT signs CL W. 36. 48. 49. 7 CL W. 29. 10. 5. 42 Trajan Column BT nonfiction UF contour maps CL W. 69. 34 triangles topo maps BT

CL V. 19. 10. 35. 10. 75. 75 BT maps transcripts BT polygons Torah CL W. 29. 18. 75 triangular serif CL W. 29. 26. 68. 3. 44 BT USE wedge serif BT transfer lettering tourist maps USE press-on lettering trim (measure)

CL P. 5. 64. 59. 10. 77 CL W. 29. 10. 5. 53 transitional typefaces BT maps UF trim size CL C. 44. 74. 35. 86 BT tracing BT NT foot trim CL A. 44. 20. 4. 75 transitive serif head trim BT digitization CL V. 47. 10. 63. 3. 68 RT trim marks

BT

CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 123 trim marks punchcutting type gauges

CL V. 28. 80 type (text) CL O. 3. 5. 10. 32. 81 UF crop marks UF type scale CL V. 47. 81

BT pica pole BT RT trim RT typesetting pica rule trim size typography pica stick USE trim (measure) typefaces Haber rule BT CL C. 44. 74. 18. 21. 5. 44 RT type (text) BT Type 1 fonts type (objects) NT TrueType GX fonts CL C. 44. 74. 18. 21. 5. 32. 3 type mark-up TrueType GX fonts BT PostScript fonts CL V. 47. 64. 7 CL C. 44. 74. 18. 21. 5. 44. 3 Type 3 fonts BT mark-up (printing) BT TrueType fonts CL C. 44. 74. 18. 21. 5. 32. 5 type measure truncated setting BT PostScript fonts CL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 10. 76 CL P. 5. 35. 39. 77 type cases UF line length BT hyphenation and CL O. 3. 5. 44. 78. 70 full measure justification BT typesetting equipment measure (line length) turn lines RT type (objects) BT USE runovers type design type ornaments CL A. 21. 32. 12. 7. 21. 35. 65 turnovers USE printer’s ornaments USE runovers BT graphic design RT typefaces type page turns letterforms CL V. 10. 70 USE runovers BT type designers tweening type scale CL E. 3. 3. 85. 43 CL A. 44. 51. 10. 10. 77 BT typographers USE type gauges BT designers CL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 10. 80 two-em dash type directors UF point size CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 16. body size CL E. 3. 3. 85. 54 80 BT typographers BT BT dash RT type (text) type specimen books two-page spread type effects USE type specimen catalogs USE spread CL P. 5. 81 type specimen catalogs two-up proofs BT CL W. 29. 14. 18. 82 CL W. 62. 87 NT blurred type UF type specimen books BT multicolored type BT catalogs type (objects) type families type styles

CL O. 3. 5. 77 CL C. 44. 74. 81 CL P. 5. 44. 10. 76 SN Pieces whose surface UF typeface families BT bears a raised char- font families NT acter, used in print- BT typefaces ing RT typefaces

BT type founding tion > NT CL A. 44. 51. 85 character styles BT foundry type RT type (objects) RT typefaces RT type founding type gauges type cases

124 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term type-height typescripts typesetters (people)

CL P. 5. 64. 59. 82 CL W. 42. 7 typographical designers SN height of type from the BT

printing bed to the of production > typographic quotation marks printing surface typesetters (equipment) USE curly quotes UF height-to-paper CL O. 3. 5. 44. 78. 80 typographical artifacts BT dimensions UF typesetting machines CL V. 56. 80 typeface classifications BT typesetting equipment BT CL C. 44. 74. 72 NT linecasters NT bad breaks UF font classifications Monotype (typesetting club lines BT typefaces equipment) rivers (typesetting) NT ATypI classification RT typesetting typographical designers British Standards for typesetters (people) CL E. 3. 3. 85. 77 Type Classification CL E. 3. 3. 85. 65 BT typographers DIN 1658 SN People whose role it is typography PANOSE Typeface to interpret type CL A. 21. 32. 12. 7. 21. 35. 77 Matching System specifications and SN Arrangement and (tm) encode text specification of type Vox classification UF compositors (people) in preparation for typeface families operators printing USE type families BT typographers BT graphic design typefaces RT typesetting NT CL C. 44. 74 typesetting RT typographers UF fonts CL A. 10. 44. 78 type (text)

founts BT typos BT CL W. 62. 10. 81 guage > BT alterations tion > RT proofreading uc RT typesetters (people)

form > type (text) UCS

typeface classifications typesetting equipment CL C. 44. 20. 3. 64 type families UF Universal Character Set CL O. 3. 5. 44. 78 BT equipment ISO/IEC 10646 RT type design NT chase BT contrast (type) furniture (typesetting NT UCS-2 type styles instruments) UCS-4 color (type) quoins UCS-2 bias spacebands CL C. 44. 20. 3. 64. 3 axis type cases UF ISO 10646 UCS-2 type (text) typesetters (equipment) BT UCS weight typesetting machines UCS-4 modulation USE typesetters (equipment) CL C. 44. 20. 3. 64. 5 type designers UF ISO 10646 UCS-4 stance typewriter-style quotation marks BT UCS slope USE straight quotes type families typographers Ugaritic cuneiform

CL C. 44. 90. 837 typefoundries CL E. 3. 3. 85 BT CL E. 5. 28. 10. 82 NT type designers tems > BT NT digital foundries type directors

CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 125 Ukiyo-e NT UTF-16 roman letterforms

CL S. 5. 35. 5. 3 UTF-32 BT

BT Japanese (style) UTF-7 tion > umlaut UTF-8 Uralic Phonetic Alphabet

CL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 10. 83 Unicode encoding schemes CL C. 44. 90. 850

BT USE Unicode encoding UF UPA unbracketed serif forms BT

tems > CL V. 47. 10. 63. 3. 74 Unicode Standard

BT USE Unicode used guides uncial unilateral serif USE user manuals

CL C. 44. 40. 5. 52. 78 CL V. 47. 10. 63. 3. 79 usefulness

BT manuscript hands BT USE utility uncoated paper units user interfaces

CL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 3. 77 USE measures CL C. 27. 62. 4. 83

BT Universal Character Set BT underdot USE UCS NT graphical user inter- faces USE dot below universities user manuals underline CL L. 60. 10. 10. 7 USE underscore BT BT manuals CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 77. 86 university presses users UF underline CL E. 5. 28. 10. 43. 77

CL E. 3. 5. 78 BT BT presses

BT undotted i unjustified USE dotless i USE ragged UTF-16

CL C. 44. 20. 3. 70. 3. 10 undotted j unmodulated typefaces BT Unicode encoding USE dotless j CL C. 44. 74. 44. 83 forms unicameral alphabets UF monoline typefaces UTF-32 USE unicameral writing BT BT Unicode encoding up style unicameral writing systems forms USE headline style CL C. 44. 83. 17. 7 UTF-7 SN Writing systems con- UPA CL C. 44. 20. 3. 70. 3. 32 sisting of only one USE Uralic Phonetic Alpha- BT Unicode encoding case bet forms UF unicameral alphabets upper case letters UTF-8 BT uppercase letters UF FSS-UTF Unicode CL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 4. 78 BT Unicode encoding CL C. 44. 20. 3. 70 UF uc forms UF Unicode Standard upper case letters utility BT capital letters CL P. 5. 64. 20. 7 NT Unicode encoding capitals UF usefulness forms majuscules BT RT normalization forms caps Unicode encoding forms BT letters (characters) Vah

CL C. 44. 90. 862 CL C. 44. 20. 3. 70. 3 RT small caps UF Bassa alphabet UF Unicode encoding upright schemes BT BT Unicode UF roman

126 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term valentines video games vocational advice

CL W. 23. 24. 46. 81 CL W. 29. 30. 4. 7 USE vocational guidance BT greeting cards UF computer games vocational guidance BT games vector drawings CL A. 10. 35. 84

CL V. 19. 10. 83 videography UF vocational advice

BT

form > SN Photography of mov- ing > vector fonts ing images onto vocational schools electronic media USE outline fonts CL L. 60. 34. 77 BT photography vellum BT Vienna Secession CL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 3. 82 vortex

CL S. 3. 90. 3. 22. 79 BT CL V. 47. 10. 87 UF Sezessionstil NT limp vellum BT BT BT BT CL V. 47. 27. 79 UF halant UF lettrines vowel points BT initials CL C. 44. 13. 22. 51. 78 BT

CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 86. form > BT combining characters 77 NT drop caps Vox classification elevated caps SN Normal text slash CL C. 44. 74. 72. 51 UF forward slash verso BT typeface classifications BT slash CL V. 28. 85 Wade-Giles visual alignment BT CL C. 49. 80. 55 USE optical alignment vertical ellipsis BT transliteration visual arts CL C. 44. 13. 22. 22. 62. 28. 7 war posters BT ellipsis CL A. 21. 32. 12. 7 CL W. 23. 68. 78 BT arts vertical justification BT posters NT design CL P. 5. 35. 39. 38. 7 fine arts watercolors SN The practice of getting graphic arts CL O. 5. 63. 78 lines to fill a page BT paints vertically by adjusting visual communication watermarks the space between CL C. 63. 7 CL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 30. 7 them BT communication BT UF carding NT written communication feathering visual identity weather maps

CL W. 29. 10. 5. 78 BT justification CL C. 38. 8 BT maps vertical rules BT

tity > Web CL V. 19. 10. 68. 3. 81 NT brands USE World-Wide Web BT corporate identity Victorian Web design

visual literacy CL A. 21. 32. 12. 7. 21. 64 CL S. 3. 90. 3. 10. 3 BT

BT RT World-Wide Web century styles > Web sites video cameras Web directories CL O. 3. 5. 10. 44. 3. 7 BT cameras CL W. 23. 88. 21 BT Web sites

CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 127 Web pages wikiwikis worksites

CL W. 23. 88. 32 USE wikis USE workplaces BT Web sites wild rag workstations (computers) NT home pages CL P. 5. 35. 39. 38. 4. 70. 78 CL O. 3. 5. 44. 15. 5. 79 Web sites BT ragged BT computers

CL W. 23. 88 Windows (software) World-Wide Web

BT USE Microsoft Windows CL C. 15. 59 NT blogs (software) UF Web Web directories windows (visual elements) WWW Web pages BT CL V. 19. 21. 85 wikis BT Web design wine lists wove paper wedding invitations CL O. 3. 3. 73. 58. 41. 3. 86 CL W. 29. 14. 54. 7 CL W. 29. 14. 41. 7 BT menus (dining) BT BT invitations NT antique wove paper wood letters wedge (accent mark) USE wood type writing direction USE hacek CL P. 5. 35. 10. 84 wood type wedge serif BT UF wood letters UF triangular serif NT bidirectional (writing BT BT direction) woodcuts wedges of metal between words boustrophedon CL W. 23. 73. 3. 71. 7 USE spacebands left-to-right (writing BT relief prints direction) weight word space right-to-left (writing CL P. 5. 44. 10. 84 CL V. 10. 84. 5. 83 direction) BT UF interword space top-to-bottom (writing RT typefaces space band direction) white line BT writing implements USE line space NT non-breaking space CL O. 3. 5. 10. 21. 84 whitespace workbooks UF handwriting imple-

CL V. 10. 84 CL W. 23. 19. 30. 85 ments SN Unfilled space between BT BT text elements workflow management writing systems BT CL A. 10. 44. 83 CL C. 44. 83 NT space BT UF scripts (writing sys- BT guage > BT whitespace reduction NT CL L. 80 widows (typesetting) NT home offices BT bad breaks alphabets studios wikis CL W. 23. 88. 79 USE fiction UF wikiwikis logographic writing BT Web sites workshops systems

CL A. 32. 10. 8 logosyllabaries BT

ing events > RT orthography

128 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term written communication

CL C. 63. 7. 7 SN Visual communication that is bound to lan- guage BT visual communication WSR USE negative letterspacing WWW USE World-Wide Web x-height

CL P. 5. 64. 59. 17. 10. 86 UF ex-height

BT XHTML

CL C. 32. 3. 40. 60 BT markup languages XML

CL C. 32. 3. 40. 70 UF Extensible Markup Language BT markup languages yogh

CL C. 44. 13. 22. 11. 4. 10. 85

BT zenkaku USE fullwidth characters zincographs

CL W. 23. 73. 3. 57. 5. 78 BT lithographs

CL = classification USE = use instead UF = used for SN = scope note 129

Appendix A. New term proposal

To propose a new term, send this completed form to Paul Hoffman, c/o Simmons Col- lege, Graduate School of Library and Information Science, 300 The Fenway, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Name of submitter:

E-mail address of submitter:

Date: Proposed term:

Definition:

Suggested broader term:

Suggested narrower terms:

Suggested lead-in terms:

Source(s) of term:

Related terms already in TGDT:

Rationale for adding the proposed term:

131 132 BT = broader term NT = narrower term RT = related term Appendix B. Identifiers

The ANSI/NISO standard addresses the need for proper names in a thesaurus: these “may be assigned to content objects identifiers, differentiated from topical terms” (ANSI/NISO Z39.19-2005, §6.6.7). Identifiers for people and places fall outside the scope of the TGDT, but in consideration of its special emphasis on practice, it lists iden- tifiers for selected instances of four important open-ended classes of identifiers not nor- mally considered for inclusion in a thesaurus: typefaces, languages, software, and file formats. In addition, provision is made for creating identifiers for individual characters within the Unicode character set. The TGDT distinguishes these identifiers by listing them in italics within square brackets – for example, the French language is listed as [French (language) ]. Because these identifiers are considered to fall outside the preferred terminology of the the TGDT proper, they are not assigned classification notations of their own; instead, the notation for their parent terms may be used with a plus sign (‘+’) appended, followed by a suitable code as discussed below, if one is available.

Class Identifier Classification notation Base Qualifier Base + Extension Typefaces Commonly accepted typeface C.44.74.90 + No recommendation name of the typeface Characters Unicode character character C.44.13.90 + Unicode hexadeci- name mal character code Languages SIL Ethnologue pri- language C.79.9 + SIL Ethnologue mary name three-letter code Software Manufacturer’s name software C.27.62.9 + No recommendation for the software, pre- ceded by the manu- facturer’s name if needed File formats Commonly accepted file format C.27.10.30.6 + Commonly used name (may be an or initial- acronym) ism Table 1. Summary of identifier classes. Table 1 summarizes the recommended practice in constructing identifiers and their clas- sification notations.

133 Typefaces During the early development of the TGDT, the establishment of a classificational scheme for typefaces was considered but rejected; nonetheless, existing terms for classes of typefaces have significant literary warrant and are included in the TGDT. Typeface names are drawn from a variety of sources; only those typefaces that are consistently named and that are believed to have the greatest significance have been listed. No particular convention of classification extensions for typeface identifiers is recom- mended; users are urged to use the classification notation for – i.e., C.44.74.90 – followed by a plus sign (‘+’) and the name of the typeface in question. Characters The TGDT includes a number of characters in the Latin alphabet as topical terms. Other characters that are not listed in the thesaurus may be assigned an identifier by appending the qualifier ‘character’to the Unicode 4.1 character name. If the last word of the Unicode name is ‘character’, no qualifier is added. Only the first word of the character name, and any proper nouns that would normally be capitalized in English usage, should be capitalized. Classification notation extensions should take the form of the four- or five-digit hexadecimal Unicode character code; the notation C.44.13.90 should be used as the base. Examples [Greek letter (character) ] C.44.13.90+03E0 [Erase to the left (character) ] C.44.13.90+232B [ B060 ra (character) ] C.44.13.90+10028 Languages Language identifiers may be constructed by taking the language’s primary name as given in the SIL International Ethnologue,1 with the qualifier ‘language’ added. If the word ‘language’ is already present in the language name, the qualifier is not added. Identifiers for language families may be constructed using the language family name as given in the Ethnologue plus the word ‘languages’, except that if the word ‘language’ already appears in the name of the language family, it is replaced by the word ‘languages’. The pseudo-family ‘unclassified language(s)’ should not be used.

1 Gordon, Raymond G., Jr. (ed.), 2005. Ethnologue: languages of the world (15th ed.). Dal- las, TX: SIL International.

134 If desired, classification notations for languages may be constructed by appending a slash (‘+’) and the corresponding three-letter Ethnologue code to the classification nota- tion C.79.9, corresponding to the guide term . Classification notations for language families and other language groups may be con- structed by a similar process from the base notations C.79.3.3 and C.79.3.5, respectively. No recommendation for constructing classification notations for language families or groups is possible, since no appropriate standard is yet available. Examples

[Xhosa (language) ] C.79.9+xho [American sign language] C.79.9+ase [Iroquoian languages] C.79.3.3+ [Artificial languages] C.79.3.5+ Writing systems Writing systems that do not appear in the thesaurus may be used as identifiers, though it is best to request an addition to the thesaurus when doing so. The common name for the writing system is used; the qualifier ‘writing system’ should be added if the name does not end in a word such as ‘alphabet’ or ‘script’. If no commonly accepted name exists for the writing system, the qualifier ‘(writing system)’ should be added to the name of the lan- guage most commonly associated with the it. The classification notation C.44.90+ should be used for identifiers for writing systems not already found in the TGDT; no known standard is available for the addition of an extension. Example

[Klingon alphabet ] C.44.90+ Software When constructing an identifier for a computer application or other software, do not dis- tinguish between operating systems, applications, and other software. Because of corpo- rate mergers and acquisitions, different versions of a single software package may be developed by different companies, so the company name should be used only when nec- essary. The base notation C.27.62.9 may be used for classifying software products; because there is no suitable source of software classifications, no further extension may be added. Computer fonts should be treated as described under Typefaces above, not as soft- ware.

135 Examples

[Photoshop (software) ] C.27.62.9+

[Microsoft Windows (software) ] C.27.62.9+

[Mac OS X (software) ] C.27.62.9+

[ColorSync (software) ] C.27.62.9+ File formats Because of their importance to practitioners of typography and graphic design, identifiers for common file formats are listed in the TGDT. Examples

[GIF (file format) ]

[PDF (file format) ]

136