DICOM PS3.5 2021C
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PS3.5 DICOM PS3.5 2021d - Data Structures and Encoding Page 2 PS3.5: DICOM PS3.5 2021d - Data Structures and Encoding Copyright © 2021 NEMA A DICOM® publication - Standard - DICOM PS3.5 2021d - Data Structures and Encoding Page 3 Table of Contents Notice and Disclaimer ........................................................................................................................................... 13 Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................ 15 1. Scope and Field of Application ............................................................................................................................. 17 2. Normative References ....................................................................................................................................... 19 3. Definitions ....................................................................................................................................................... 23 4. Symbols and Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................. 27 5. Conventions ..................................................................................................................................................... 29 6. Value Encoding ................................................................................................................................................ 31 6.1. Support of Character Repertoires ................................................................................................................... 31 6.1.1. Representation of Encoded Character Values ............................................................................................ 31 6.1.2. Graphic Characters .............................................................................................................................. 32 6.1.2.1. Default Character Repertoire ........................................................................................................... 32 6.1.2.2. Extension or Replacement of the Default Character Repertoire ............................................................... 32 6.1.2.3. Encoding of Character Repertoires .................................................................................................... 33 6.1.2.4. Code Extension Techniques ............................................................................................................ 34 6.1.2.5. Usage of Code Extension ................................................................................................................ 34 6.1.2.5.1. Assumed Initial States .............................................................................................................. 35 6.1.2.5.2. Restrictions for Code Extension ................................................................................................. 35 6.1.2.5.3. Requirements ......................................................................................................................... 35 6.1.2.5.4. Levels of Implementation and Initial Designation ............................................................................ 35 6.1.3. Control Characters ............................................................................................................................... 36 6.2. Value Representation (VR) ........................................................................................................................... 37 6.2.1. Person Name (PN) Value Representation ................................................................................................. 47 6.2.1.1. Examples of PN VR and Notes ......................................................................................................... 47 6.2.1.2. Ideographic and Phonetic Characters in Data Elements with VR of PN ..................................................... 47 6.2.2. Unknown (UN) Value Representation ....................................................................................................... 48 6.2.3. URI/URL (UR) Value Representation ....................................................................................................... 49 6.3. Enumerated Values and Defined Terms .......................................................................................................... 49 6.4. Value Multiplicity (VM) and Delimitation ........................................................................................................... 50 7. The Data Set .................................................................................................................................................... 51 7.1. Data Elements ........................................................................................................................................... 51 7.1.1. Data Element Fields ............................................................................................................................. 52 7.1.2. Data Element Structure with Explicit VR .................................................................................................... 52 7.1.3. Data Element Structure with Implicit VR .................................................................................................... 53 7.2. Group Length ............................................................................................................................................ 53 7.3. Little Endian Byte Ordering ........................................................................................................................... 54 7.4. Data Element Type ..................................................................................................................................... 54 7.4.1. Type 1 Required Data Elements .............................................................................................................. 54 7.4.2. Type 1C Conditional Data Elements ......................................................................................................... 55 7.4.3. Type 2 Required Data Elements .............................................................................................................. 55 7.4.4. Type 2C Conditional Data Elements ......................................................................................................... 55 7.4.5. Type 3 Optional Data Elements ............................................................................................................... 55 7.4.6. Data Element Types Within A Sequence ................................................................................................... 55 7.5. Nesting of Data Sets ................................................................................................................................... 56 7.5.1. Item Encoding Rules ............................................................................................................................. 56 7.5.2. Delimitation of The Sequence of Items ..................................................................................................... 57 7.5.3. Sequence Inheritance ........................................................................................................................... 59 7.6. Repeating Groups ...................................................................................................................................... 59 7.7. Retired Data Elements ................................................................................................................................. 59 7.8. Private Data Elements ................................................................................................................................. 59 7.8.1. Private Data Element Tags .................................................................................................................... 59 7.8.2. Encoding of Private Elements ................................................................................................................. 61 8. Encoding of Pixel, Overlay and Waveform Data ....................................................................................................... 63 8.1. Pixel and Overlay Data, and Related Data Elements .......................................................................................... 63 8.1.1. Pixel Data Encoding of Related Data Elements .......................................................................................... 63 8.1.2. Overlay Data Encoding of Related Data Elements ...................................................................................... 64 8.2. Native or Encapsulated Format Encoding ........................................................................................................ 65 - Standard - Page 4 DICOM PS3.5 2021d - Data Structures and Encoding 8.2.1. JPEG Image Compression ..................................................................................................................... 66 8.2.2. Run Length Encoding Image Compression ................................................................................................ 68 8.2.3. JPEG-LS Image Compression ................................................................................................................ 69 8.2.4.