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Page i Medieval Latin Page ii ADVISORY COMMITTEE Giles Constable Bert Hall Pamela O. Long David J. McGonagle (ex officio) Richard Sharpe Daniel Sheerin Faith Wallis Olga Weijers Haijo J. Westra Jan M. Ziolkowski PROJECT ASSISTANTS Paige E.C. Crittenden (November 1992–May 1994) William F. Fahey (November 1992–April 1993) Laurence Pittenger (June–August 1994, February–July 1995) Page iii Medieval Latin An Introduction and Bibliographical Guide Edited by F.A.C. Mantello Department of Greek and Latin, The Catholic University of America and A.G. Rigg Centre for Medieval Studies, University of Toronto Page iv Copyright © 1996 The Catholic University of America Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Reprinted with minor corrections, 1999 The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standards for Information Science—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library materials, ANSI Z39.48–1984. Library of Congress Cataloging­in­Publication Data Medieval Latin : an introduction and bibliographical guide / edited by F.A.C. Mantello and A.G. Rigg. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and indexes. 1. Latin philology, Medieval and modern—Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. Latin language, Medieval and modern—Handbooks, manuals, etc. 3. Latin philology, Medieval and modern—Bibliography. 4. Latin language, Medieval and modern—Bibliography. I. Mantello, Frank Anthony Carl, 1945­ . II. Rigg, Arthur George, 1937­ . PA2802.M43 1996 016.477—dc20 95­11339 ISBN 0­8132­0841­6 (cloth: alk. paper) ISBN 0­8132­0842­4 (pbk.: alk. paper) Page v In memory of Martin Rawson Patrick McGuire, 1897–1969, and Hermigild Dressler, O.F.M., 1908–1991 Page vii CONTENTS Acknowledgments xiii Part One F.A.C. Mantello A 3 Introduction AA Medieval Latin, Past and Present 3 AB Background, Aims, and Structure of the Present Guide 6 AC Organization 10 AD Abbreviations 11 General Abbreviations 11 Abbreviations of Books of the Latin Bible 12 Bibliographic Abbreviations 14 Signs Used in Etymologies 20 B 21 General Reference and Research Tools BA Bibliographical Guides and Surveys 22 (a) Standard Bibliographical Tools for Medieval Latinists 22 (b) Specialized Medieval Bibliographies 27 BB Latin Dictionaries and Related Works 32 (a) Standard Latin Lexica, Classical and Postclassical 33 (b) Specialized Lexica and Lexicographical Works 34 (c) Medieval Glosses and Glossaries 36 BC Repertories of Authors, Texts, and Initia 37 (a) Literary Histories to 1900 37 (b) Modern Repertories 38 BD Encyclopedias, Encyclopedic Dictionaries, and Related Works 44 (a) General Reference Works 44 (b) National Biographical Dictionaries 45 (c) Other Reference Works 45 BE Computer Resources 50 (a) Orientation, Applications 51 (b) Databases, CD­ROMs, etc. 52 (c) Electronic Discussion Groups 53 Page viii BF Other Basic Reference and Research Aids 55 (a) Dictionaries 55 (b) Guides to Libraries and Archives 59 (c) Guides to Scholars and Academic Institutions 59 (d) Historical Atlases 59 (e) Other Reference Works 59 BG Principal Series and Collections of Latin Texts 61 BH Periodicals 67 Part Two C 71 Medieval Latin Philology CA Introduction 71 A.G. Rigg CB Orthography and Pronunciation 79 A.G. Rigg CC Morphology and Syntax 83 A.G. Rigg CD Vocabulary, Word Formation, and Lexicography 93 Richard Sharpe CE Metrics 106 A.G. Rigg CF Prose Styles and Cursus 111 Terence O. Tunberg CG Latin and the Vernacular Languages 122 Michael W. Herren CH Humanistic Latin 130 Terence O. Tunberg D–E–F 137 Varieties of Medieval Latinity D DA Christian and Biblical Latin 137 Daniel Sheerin DB The Liturgy 157 Daniel Sheerin DC Ecclesiastical and University Administration 183 Norman Zacour DD Secular Administration 195 Brigitte Bedos­Rezak DE Charters, Deeds, and Diplomatics 230 Richard Sharpe Page ix DF Canon Law 241 John Gilchrist (*) DG Roman and Secular Law 254 Kenneth Pennington DH Theology and Philosophy 267 Stephen F. Brown DI Grammar 288 Vivien A. Law DJ Music 296 Nancy Phillips DK Commerce 307 John H. Pryor DL Latin in Everyday Life 315 Richard Sharpe E EA Science: Introduction 342 Faith Wallis EB Mathematics and Geometry 348 Barnabas Hughes, O.F.M. EC Physics 355 Edith Dudley Sylla ED Astronomy, Cosmology, and Cosmography 363 Edward Grant EE Astrology 369 Charles Burnett EF Chronology and Systems of Dating 383 Faith Wallis EG Cartography and Its Written Sources 388 P.D.A. Harvey EH Zoology and Physiology 395 James J. Scanlan, M.D. EI Botany 401 R. James Long EJ Geology 406 John M. Riddle EK Chemistry and Alchemy 411 Michela Pereira Page x EL Medicine 416 Peter Murray Jones EM Magic 422 Richard Kieckhefer F FA Technology and Crafts: Introduction 427 Bert Hall FB Artes Mechanicae 431 Elspeth Whitney FC Architecture 436 Joseph F. O'Connor FD Weights and Measures 443 Ronald Edward Zupko FE Weapons and Warfare 447 E. Malcolm Parkinson FF Ships and Seafaring 452 John H. Pryor FG Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, and Forestry 459 John Langdon FH Manuscript Production 465 R.H. Rouse FI Panel and Wall Painting, Mosaics, Metalwork, and Other Decorative 468 Arts Caecilia Davis­Weyer FJ Textiles 474 John H. Munro FK Mining and Ore Processing 485 Pamela O. Long FL Minting and Money 492 Alan M. Stahl FM Mills and Milling 497 John Muendel Part Three G–H 505 Varieties of Medieval Latin Literature G GA Towards a History of Medieval Latin Literature 505 Jan M. Ziolkowski Page xi GB The Latin Literature of Late Antiquity 537 Michael Roberts GC Epic 547 Jan M. Ziolkowski GD Beast Epic and Fable 556 Jill Mann GE Satire 562 A.G. Rigg GF Proverbs and Epigrams 569 A.G. Rigg GG Drama 574 Stephen K. Wright GH Exempla 582 Nigel F. Palmer GI Lyric 589 Christopher J. McDonough GJ Hymns 597 Daniel Sheerin GK Biography 607 Walter Berschin GL Hagiography 618 David Townsend GM Rhetoric 629 James J. Murphy GN Historiography 639 Roger Ray GO Epistolography 650 Julian Haseldine GP Sermons 659 Beverly Mayne Kienzle and David L. d'Avray GQ Pastoralia: The Popular Literature of the Care of Souls 670 Joseph Goering GR Debates and Dialogues 677 Peter Binkley GS Travel Literature 682 Jean Richard Page xii GT Vision Literature 688 Peter Dinzelbacher GU Devotional and Mystical Literature 694 Thomas H. Bestul GV Encyclopedias 702 Gregory G. Guzman GW Anthologies and Florilegia 708 A.G. Rigg H HA Medieval Translations: Latin and Hebrew 713 Charles H. Manekin HB Medieval Translations: Latin and Greek 718 Bernice M. Kaczynski HC Medieval Translations: Latin and Arabic 723 Deborah L. Black HD Medieval Translations: Latin and the Vernacular Languages 728 Jeanette M.A. Beer Indices 735 I 737 Ancient, Late Antique, Medieval, and Renaissance Authors and Works II 749 Modern Authors, Editors, and General Works of Reference Page xiii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This handbook owes much to the support, assistance, and goodwill of others. The National Endowment for the Humanities generously funded those who produced and published it, and The Catholic University of America subsidized many additional project expenses and granted a period of leave from normal academic duties. Professor William McCarthy cheerfully converted dozens of computer files to a common word­processing format and provided much valuable electronic expertise. Mrs. B.L. Gutekunst, head of the Humanities Library at The Catholic University of America, permitted books that do not usually circulate to be removed for consultation from her divisional library. Dr. Catherine Brown Tkacz was extremely helpful during the early stages of preparing the application to the N.E.H. Professors Siegfried Schulz and George Gingras found time to produce English translations of German and French contributions to the volume. Professors John Lynch and Norman Zacour were kind enough to revise a draft of the chapter submitted by Professor John Gilchrist just before his tragic death in an automobile accident. In addition to offering much general encouragement and specific bibliographic assistance, Professor Thomas Halton provided, in his Classical Scholarship: An Annotated Bibliography (1986), compiled with Stella O'Leary, the system of letter and number codes adopted as the organizational schema for this handbook. Professor Michael Lapidge was consulted during the earliest phase of the project and commented astutely on the selection of contributors. Dr. David McGonagle, director of The Catholic University of America Press, strongly supported the project et every stage, even when the resulting guide began to expand unreasonably. Susan Needham, staff editor at the press, was equally encouraging and helpful. We are also very much indebted to Laurence Pittinger, William Fahey, and especially Paige Crittenden, who as project assistants spent countless hours verifying bibliographic references and performing many other tasks. Laurence's exacting care is particularly evident in the indices, which he compiled, and Paige's searches at the Library of Congress resulted in many bibliographic ''discoveries." We acknowledge warmly the assistance of our advisory committee, whose members played an important role in the planning of the guide and the choice of contributors. Two committee members, Dr. Richard Sharpe and Professor Jan Ziolkowski, in addition to preparing substantial contributions of their own, took time from other pressing responsibilities to examine various submissions with expert and searching eyes. We have benefited greatly from their scholarship, vigilance, and advice, and also from the criticisms, suggestions, and kind assistance of many others. Page xiv We would like to single out Monica Blanchard, Adam Cohen, Peter Goodman, and Professors Sidney Griffith, Molly Myerowitz Levine, John Petruccione, Linda Safran, and Daniel Sheerin for special thanks, and we are equally grateful for the careful work of copy editor Susan Thornton. Our greatest debt is to the scholars in eight countries whose combined efforts have made this guide a reality. Almost all of them endured without complaint our editorial cavils, reminders about deadlines, and requests to expand, condense, and otherwise revise their work and to respond to comments and queries.
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