The Early Middle Ages
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The Elements of Abbreviation in Medieval Latin Paleography
The elements of abbreviation in medieval Latin paleography BY ADRIANO CAPPELLI Translated by David Heimann and Richard Kay UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS LIBRARIES, 1982 University of Kansas Publications Library Series, 47 The elements of abbreviation in medieval Latin paleography BY ADRIANO CAPPELLI Translated by David Heimann and Richard Kay UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS LIBRARIES, 1982 Printed in Lawrence, Kansas, U.S.A. by the University of Kansas Printing Service PREFACE Take a foreign language, write it in an unfamiliar script, abbreviating every third word, and you have the compound puzzle that is the medieval Latin manuscript. For over two generations, paleographers have taken as their vade mecum in the decipherment of this abbreviated Latin the Lexicon abbreviaturarum compiled by Adriano Cappelli for the series "Manuali Hoepli" in 1899. The perennial value of this work undoubtedly lies in the alphabetic list of some 14,000 abbreviated forms that comprises the bulk of the work, but all too often the beginner slavishly looks up in this dictionary every abbreviation he encounters, when in nine cases out of ten he could ascertain the meaning by applying a few simple rules. That he does not do so is simply a matter of practical convenience, for the entries in the Lexicon are intelligible to all who read Latin, while the general principles of Latin abbreviation are less easily accessible for rapid consultation, at least for the American student. No doubt somewhere in his notes there is an out line of these rules derived from lectures or reading, but even if the notes are at hand they are apt to be sketchy; for reference he would rather rely on the lengthier accounts available in manuals of paleography, but more often than not he has only Cappelli's dictionary at his elbow. -
A Renaissance for Medieval Classics
JOHN HARVard’s JournAL really anything that could serve the same can keep a medieval spelling,” Ziolkow Jan Ziolkowski functions as the Loeb for the medieval pe ski explains. “It’s going to throw people riod, and that was a frustration for me as I who are trained in classical Latin, to get thought about trying to communicate my some of the spellings that we’ve got, I feel field to a wider public.” The project in no doubt about that; however, they’ll have cubated until Ziolkowski was appointed the English alongside to help them get ac director of Dumbarton Oaks in the sum customed to it, so I hope the novelty will mer of 2007, when he began to discuss the excite people rather than deter them.” process of bringing it into existence with But Ziolkowski also hopes the series HUP. will appeal more broadly, serving both the Sharmila Sen, general editor for the hu lay reader and the specialist. “You have to manities at HUP, oversees DOML (www. appeal to a wide audience, but also satisfy hup.harvard.edu/collection.php?cpk=1320) the erudite people,” he explains. This ap as well as its predecessors and compan proach has also informed the selection of ions, the Loeb Classical Library and I the texts for DOML: “I’ve been trying to Tatti Renaissance Library (see “Reread strike a balance between something that ing the Renaissance,” MarchApril 2006, people will have heard of before, and then page 34). “There is a thousandyear gap some texts that are quite offbeat.” between Loeb and I Tatti, so DOML per Three titles will formally open the proj forms a muchneeded function of making ect. -
The Legacy of the Roman Empire and the Middle Ages in the West The
The Legacy of the Roman Empire and the Middle Ages in the West The Roman Empire reigned from 27 BCE to 476 CE throughout the Mediterranean world, including parts of Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa. The fall of the Roman Empire in the West in 476 CE marked the end of the period of classical antiquity and ushered in a new era in world history. Three civilizations emerged as successors to the Romans in the Mediterranean world: the Byzantine Empire (in many ways a continuation of the Eastern Roman Empire), and the civilizations of Islam and Western Europe. These three civilizations would become rivals and adversaries over the course of the succeeding centuries. They developed distinct religious, cultural, social, political, and linguistic characteristics that shaped the path each civilization would take throughout the course of the Middle Ages and beyond. The Middle Ages in European history refers to the period spanning the fifth through the fifteenth century. The fall of the Western Roman Empire typically represents the beginning of the Middle Ages. Scholars divide the Middle Ages into three eras: the Early Middle Ages (400–1000), the High Middle Ages (1000–1300), and the Late Middle Ages (1300–1500). The Renaissance and the Age of Discovery traditionally mark the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the early modern period in European history. The legacy of the Roman Empire, and the division of its territory into three separate civilizations, impacted the course of world history and continues to influence the development of each region to this day. -
Illinois Classical Studies
i 11 Parallel Lives: Plutarch's Lives, Lapo da Castiglionchio the Younger (1405-1438) and the Art of Italian Renaissance Translation CHRISTOPHER S. CELENZA Before his premature death in 1438 of an outbreak of plague in Ferrara, the Florentine humanist and follower of the papal curia Lapo da Castiglionchio the Younger left behind three main bodies of work in Latin, all still either unedited or incompletely edited: his own self-collected letters, a small number of prose treatises, and a sizeable corpus of Greek-to-Latin translations. This paper concerns primarily the last of these three aspects of his work and has as its evidentiary focus two autograph manuscripts that contain inter alia final versions of Lapo's Latin translations of Plutarch's Lives of Themistocles, Artaxerxes, and Aratus. In addition, however, to studying Lapo's translating techniques, this paper will address chiefly the complexities of motivation surrounding Lapo's choice of dedicatees for these translations. The range of circumstances will demonstrate, I hope, the lengths to which a young, little-known humanist had to go to support himself in an environment where there was as yet no real fixed, institutional place for a newly created discipline. Lapo and Translation: Patronage, Theory, and Practice Of the three areas mentioned, Lapo's translations represent the most voluminous part of his oeuvre and in fact it is to his translations that he owes his modem reputation. But why did this young humanist devote so much energy to translating? And why were Plutarch's Lives such an important part of his effort? An earlier version of this paper was delivered as an Oldfather Lecture at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign on 8 November 1996. -
Curriculum Vitae-Microsoft
CURRICULUM VITAE Judith Evans Grubbs, Betty Gage Holland Professor of Roman History Department of History, Emory University 123 Bowden Hall Phone: (404) 727-3386 Email: [email protected] Home phone: (404) 373-1250 Faculty affiliations at Emory: Faculty, Department of History Faculty, Ancient Mediterranean Studies Program Affiliated faculty, Graduate Division of Religion (in New Testament Studies and in Historical Studies in Theology and Religion) Associated faculty, Classics Department Associated faculty, Center for the Study of Law and Religion I. EDUCATION: 1987: Stanford University, PhD in Classics 1978-9: American School of Classical Studies in Athens (no degree given) 1978: Emory University, B.A. in Greek and English with Highest Honors II. PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE: 2010 - Betty Gage Holland Professor, History, Emory University 2004-2010 Professor, Classics, Washington University in St. Louis 1987-2004 Assistant Prof. to Professor, Classical Studies, Sweet Briar College 1985-87 and 1983-84: Teaching Fellow in Classics, Stanford University, CA 1984-85 Lecturer, Intercollegiate Center for Classical Studies in Rome III. MAJOR HONORS AND AWARDS: 2019-20: Loeb Classical Library Foundation Fellowship 2019-20: Dorothy Tarrant Fellowship, Institute for Classical Studies (London)[on hold] Spring 2017: University Research Committee grant for course release for 2 classes 2012-13: John Simon Guggenheim Fellowship 2004-5: National Endowment for the Humanities Fellowship for College Teachers 1997-8: National Endowment for the Humanities Fellowship -
The Early Middle Ages
The Early Middle Ages After the collapse of Rome, Western Europe entered a period of political, social, and economic decline. From about 500 to 1000, invaders swept across the region, trade declined, towns emptied, and classical learning halted. For those reasons, this period in Europe is sometimes called the “Dark Ages.” However, Greco-Roman, Germanic, and Christian traditions eventually blended, creating the medieval civilization. This period between ancient times and modern times – from about 500 to 1500 – is called the Middle Ages. The Frankish Kingdom The Germanic tribes that conquered parts of the Roman Empire included the Goths, Vandals, Saxons, and Franks. In 486, Clovis, king of the Franks, conquered the former Roman province of Gaul, which later became France. He ruled his land according to Frankish custom, but also preserved much of the Roman legacy by converting to Christianity. In the 600s, Islamic armies swept across North Africa and into Spain, threatening the Frankish kingdom and Christianity. At the battle of Tours in 732, Charles Martel led the Frankish army in a victory over Muslim forces, stopping them from invading France and pushing farther into Europe. This victory marked Spain as the furthest extent of Muslim civilization and strengthened the Frankish kingdom. Charlemagne After Charlemagne died in 814, his heirs battled for control of the In 786, the grandson of Charles Martel became king of the Franks. He briefly united Western empire, finally dividing it into Europe when he built an empire reaching across what is now France, Germany, and part of three regions with the Treaty of Italy. -
Circumscribing European Crusading Violence Susanna A
Ursinus College Digital Commons @ Ursinus College History Faculty Publications History Department 2018 'Not Cruelty But Piety': Circumscribing European Crusading Violence Susanna A. Throop Ursinus College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/history_fac Part of the Christianity Commons, Ethics in Religion Commons, European History Commons, History of Christianity Commons, History of Religion Commons, Islamic Studies Commons, Islamic World and Near East History Commons, Medieval History Commons, and the Medieval Studies Commons Click here to let us know how access to this document benefits oy u. Recommended Citation Throop, Susanna A., "'Not Cruelty But Piety': Circumscribing European Crusading Violence" (2018). History Faculty Publications. 8. https://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/history_fac/8 This Book Chapter is brought to you for free and open access by the History Department at Digital Commons @ Ursinus College. It has been accepted for inclusion in History Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Ursinus College. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 1 ‘Not Cruelty but Piety’: Circumscribing European Crusading Violence Susanna A. Throop Traditionally the crusading movement has been distinguished from other forms of Christian violence motivated or justified in religious terms. In the western world, innumerable books and articles discuss ‘the crusades’ or ‘the crusading movement’ as discrete entities. The crusades, so the narrative goes, began firmly in 1096 when an armed, penitential expedition set out to Jerusalem in response to the 1095 appeal of Pope Urban II, and ended less conclusively at some point before the onset of modernity. Meanwhile, in a broader global context and across a wider range of media, some continue to invoke the crusades as explanation for ongoing geopolitical conflict. -
Vulgar and Medieval Latin Linguistics - En-Cours-2017-Lglor2503 Lglor2503 Vulgar and Medieval Latin Linguistics 2017
Université catholique de Louvain - Vulgar and Medieval Latin Linguistics - en-cours-2017-lglor2503 lglor2503 Vulgar and Medieval Latin Linguistics 2017 5 credits 30.0 h Q1 This biannual learning is being organized in 2017-2018 Teacher(s) Isebaert Lambert ; Language : French Place of the course Louvain-la-Neuve Main themes In-depth study of the language and texts of late Latin. The course deals with the following themes: 1. The problem of "vulgar" Latin: definitions, sources, and principal characteristics from a phonological, morphological, syntactical and lexical point of view. 2. Reading and commenting typical texts; 3. The evolution of the Latin of the late period, especially of the early medieval period: linguistic study of selected documents. Aims At the end of this course, the student will have acquired the principal characteristics of spoken Latin of 1 the Imperial and early medieval periods. He will be capable of reading and interpreting typical texts of this period. - - - - The contribution of this Teaching Unit to the development and command of the skills and learning outcomes of the programme(s) can be accessed at the end of this sheet, in the section entitled “Programmes/courses offering this Teaching Unit”. Evaluation methods Oral exam. Teaching methods Lectures with exercises (preparation of texts). Content A systematic study of the principal linguistic modifications of Late Latin: phonology and prosodics, morphology, syntax, lexicology and semantics. Study of literary texts ( e.g. Petronas, Itinerarium Egeriae, Gregory of Tours) and documentary texts (e.g. Inscriptions from Pompeii, private letters , and legal documents. - Väänänen, Introduction au latin vulgaire, 3e éd., Paris, 1981. -
Cleeve, Marigold, Comp. TITLE Suggestions for the Classical Shelves of a School Library
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 044 989 EL 002 025 AUTHOR Colehourn, R., Comm.; Cleeve, Marigold, Comp. TITLE Suggestions for the Classical Shelves of a School Library. INSTITUTION Joint Association of Classical Teachers, Oxford (England) . REPORT NO JACT-Pap-No-3-Rev PUB DATE Mar 68 NOTE 14p. EDRS PRICE EDRS Price MF-$0.25 HC -$0.P0 DESCRIPTORS Ancient History, Archaeology, Architecture, *Bibliographies, *Classical Languages, Classical Literature, *Greek Literature, History, Instructional Program Divisions, *Latin Literature, Library Material Selection, Literary Criticism, Literary History, *Reference Books ABSTRACT This bibliography is suggested for use by students and teachers of Latin, Greek and ancient civilizations. Entries are compiled under the headings of: (1) bibliographies and journals including bocklists, periodicals, and hooks for teachers; (2) reference works in literature, mythology, history and antiquities, and language; (3) texts and anthologies; (4) commentaries on Greek and Latin classics;(5) translations; (6) literary history and criticism;(7) ancient history; (P) Roman 71ritain; (9) archaeology, antiquities, and society:(10) architecture and art including works on Greece, Rome, and Fturia; (11) philosophy and science;(12) the legacy of antiquity;(1?) later Latin, (14) fiction; and (15) nonfiction for younger pupils. Data on publisher and price are included for the approximately 550 entries. (RL) U.S. DEPAIITFAENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION P. WELFARE OFFICE OFEDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HASBEEN REPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGINATING IT. POINTS OF The Joint Association of Classical Teachers VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECES. SARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EDU CATION POSITION OR POLICY SERVICE AND INFORMATION BUREAU. SUGGESTIONS FOR THE CLASSICAL SHELVES OF A SCHOOL Paper No. -
European Middle Ages, 500-1200
European Middle Ages, 500-1200 Previewing Main Ideas EMPIRE BUILDING In western Europe, the Roman Empire had broken into many small kingdoms. During the Middle Ages, Charlemagne and Otto the Great tried to revive the idea of empire. Both allied with the Church. Geography Study the maps. What were the six major kingdoms in western Europe about A.D. 500? POWER AND AUTHORITY Weak rulers and the decline of central authority led to a feudal system in which local lords with large estates assumed power. This led to struggles over power with the Church. Geography Study the time line and the map. The ruler of what kingdom was crowned emperor by Pope Leo III? RELIGIOUS AND ETHICAL SYSTEMS During the Middle Ages, the Church was a unifying force. It shaped people’s beliefs and guided their daily lives. Most Europeans at this time shared a common bond of faith. Geography Find Rome, the seat of the Roman Catholic Church, on the map. In what kingdom was it located after the fall of the Roman Empire in A.D. 476? INTERNET RESOURCES • Interactive Maps Go to classzone.com for: • Interactive Visuals • Research Links • Maps • Interactive Primary Sources • Internet Activities • Test Practice • Primary Sources • Current Events • Chapter Quiz 350 351 What freedoms would you give up for protection? You are living in the countryside of western Europe during the 1100s. Like about 90 percent of the population, you are a peasant working the land. Your family’s hut is located in a small village on your lord’s estate. The lord provides all your basic needs, including housing, food, and protection. -
Medieval Christianity: the State of the Field Katherine J
Religion Compass 1 (2004) CH 013, 1–17 Medieval Christianity: The State of the Field Katherine J. Gill Abstract As in other academic disciplines, historical Christianity in recent years has been energetically navigating the “cultural turn.” Just before the onset of the new millen- nium, Church History, the publication of the American Society of Church History, added the subtitle: Studies in Christianity and Culture. The subtitle signaled a recognition that Church History as a discipline had come to embrace a greater breadth than the connotations conveyed by the traditional term “Church History.” More specifically, its frameworks of inquiry had come to reflect a greater appreciation of the many facets of lived religion, a greater engagement with questions of how differently situated Christians interacted either among themselves or with others, and a greater openness to methodological innovation. The expansiveness in the general study of historical Christianity is nowhere more marked than in the study of Medieval Christianity. Over the course of the last forty years scholarship in this field sloughed off the dual trammels of confessional constructs and nationalist historiography. Scholars drawn to the study of medieval Christianity turned away from debates as to whether and how the “Medieval Church” achieved a sublime synthesis of Christian ideals on earth; or, on the other hand, stumbled through a long errancy from a pure gospel truth. Late twentieth century workers in the vineyard of Medieval Christianity found themselves challenged by the new themes of dominance, subversion, subjectivity, identity and alterity. Liberated from preoccupations as to whether and how it undergirded the imperium and collective virtues of one European country or another, “Medieval Christendom” simultaneously fractured, expanded and ramified. -
On the Latin Origins of Spanish Mediante
languages Article On the Latin Origins of Spanish mediante Esther Artigas Departament de Filologia Clàssica, Romànica i Semítica, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain; [email protected] Received: 4 February 2019; Accepted: 20 February 2019; Published: 28 February 2019 Abstract: This paper aims to contribute to the clarification of the linguistic and extra-linguistic circumstances that accompany the emergence and behavior of mediante in the first centuries of Spanish. To this end, the origin of the Latin participle medians, mediantis is examined and the evidence of its ablative form mediante in various contexts is also analysed and discussed. We conclude from our study that (1) the appearance of mediante in Latin takes place at a relatively late stage of Latin, it having entered the language as a grammatical calque from Greek; (2) in Latin, prepositional values of mediante, which do not necessarily originate from Latin absolute ablative clauses, are already detected; and finally, (3) discursive traditions and historical-cultural factors, in particular those developed in Patristic and Scholastic Literature, are fundamental for the understanding, not only of the evolution of mediante in Latin, but also of its introduccion into Spanish. Keywords: Latin mediante; grammatical calque; participle clause; prepositional value; discursive tradition 1. Introduction There is no dispute that mediante—a so-called improper, or imperfect, Spanish preposition—is derived from the Latin present participle medians,-ntis in absolute constructions. As it entered Spanish, it must have undergone a process of grammaticalization that led to the transcategorization from participle to preposition.1 Beyond these claims, the Latin origins of mediante have not been well defined, nor has their development in this language been sufficiently described and explained.