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Programme Colloque Bases Lori COLLOQUE INTERNATIONAL LES BASES DE SOUS-MARINS EN EUROPE (1940-2020) : ÉTAT DES LIEUX, PERSPECTIVES & ENJEUX PATRIMONIAUX Organisé par l’UMR CNRS TEMOS - Université de Bretagne Sud et la Direction des Patrimoines et de l’Hôtel Gabriel, Ville de Lorient Édifiés pendant la Seconde Guerre bases construites entre Trondheim et mondiale de la Norvège à la France Marseille, sur les sources disponibles pour la maintenance des sous-marins en France et à l’étranger pour engager de combat, les U-boote bunker ont de nouvelles recherches, mais aussi connu des trajectoires diverses dans apporter un éclairage sur l’évolution la seconde moitié du XXe siècle entre de la perception de ces objets histo- démolitions, réutilisations totales riques et architecturaux peu à peu ou partielles et friches industrialo- intégrés au tissu urbain. Quels sont militaires. Structures monumentales les enjeux, les atouts, les contraintes et fonctionnelles qui ont mobilisé des et les limites inhérentes aux bases ressources matérielles et humaines (architecture, image, matériaux, considérables à des fins guerrières, emplacement…) dans le processus de certaines sont aujourd’hui dédiées reconversion qui réinterroge la forme à l’économie du nautisme, du et la fonction des anciens U-Bunker ? tourisme et de la culture contribuant à prolonger la promenade urbaine Comment les États et les villes por- jusqu’aux quais autrefois dévolus au tuaires qui ont hérité de ces traces travail militaire. massives de la guerre ont-ils appré- hendé les problèmes d’aménage- Au cours des deux dernières décen- ment ? Quel état d’avancement du nies, ces gigantesques ouvrages processus patrimonial à l’aube du bétonnés ont fait l’objet de diverses XXIe siècle sur des ouvrages symboli- publications, notamment dans le pro- sant d’abord la guerre et l’hégémonie longement de la cession de plusieurs du IIIe Reich ? C’est résolument dans d’entre eux aux collectivités locales et une dynamique comparative, inter- de la reconversion des espaces por- nationale et interdisciplinaire que ce tuaires concédés. colloque se propose de renouveler les questionnements, 80 ans après Ce colloque international se donne les décisions qui ont prévalu à l’appro- pour objectifs de faire un état des priation brutale d’importants espaces connaissances sur la douzaine de portuaires en Europe. 2 JEUDI 16 SEPTEMBRE 2021 Université de Bretagne Sud Session 1 : Amphithéâtre François Chappé Techniques de construction, territoires 9h00-18h00 et organisations des chantiers › 9h00 : accueil Modération : Patricia Drénou, › 9h15 - 10h00 : allocutions d’ouver- Direction des Patrimoines ture du colloque et de l'Hôtel Gabriel de la Ville › Mathias Tranchant, vice-président de Lorient à la Recherche de l’Université de Bretagne Sud › 10h40 - 11h10 : Lucie › Laurent Daniel, doyen de la Moriceau-Chastagner, archiviste, Faculté des Lettres, Langues, Établissement de Communication Sciences humaines et sociales et de Production Audiovisuelle de › Sylviane Llinares, directrice la Défense (ECPAD), « Les bases de de l’UMR CNRS « Temps, Mondes, sous-marins en Europe : sources Sociétés » (TEMOS), Université de cinématographiques et photogra- Bretagne Sud phiques conservées à l’ECPAD » › Sophie Palant-Le Hégarat, adjointe au maire de Lorient délé- › 11h20 - 11h50 : Christian guée à la culture et au patrimoine Bougeard, historien, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, « La construc- INTRODUCTION tion des bases de sous-marins sous l’Occupation en Bretagne. Enjeux › Christophe Cérino, UMR CNRS économiques et sociaux » TEMOS, Université de Bretagne Sud, directeur-adjoint du groupement › 12h00 - 12h30 : Jean-Claude d’intérêt scientifique, « Patrimoines Catherine, historien, « Le béton, les militaires » hommes et les stratégies de guerre à Keroman et dans la région de Lorient › 10h00 - 10h30 : Lars Hellewinkel, (21 juin 1940-22 juillet 1945) » historien, Stade Athenaeum & Mémorial du camp de Sandbostel, Discussion à la suite « Le rôle stratégique des U-boote de chaque intervention bunkers construits en France pen- dant la Seconde Guerre mondiale » 3 Session 1 : PAUSE-CAFÉ Techniques de construction, territoires et organisations des chantiers Modération : Patrick Boureille, Service historique de la Défense Modération : Patricia Drénou, direction des Patrimoines › 16h00 - 16h30 : André Kirouac, et de l'Hôtel Gabriel de la Ville historien, Musée naval de Québec, de Lorient de la Ville de Lorient « Attaquer l’indestructible : paradoxes et perceptions nord- › 13h45 - 14h15 : Antonio Munoz américaines des bases de U-Boote Sanchez, historien, Université du golfe de Gascogne (1939-1945) » de Lisbonne, « Forced to build the monster. Spanish exiles and the › 16h40 - 17h10 : Stéphane Weiss, construction of the submarine bases historien, Université de Poitiers, in France » « Les bases allemandes de sous- marins, au cœur des poches de › 14h25 - 14h55 : Jean-Baptiste l’Atlantique et des rumeurs de Blain, historien, Académie de l’automne 1944 à mai 1945 » Nantes, « Les bases de submer- sibles de La Rochelle-Pallice et de › 17h20 - 17h50 : lieutenant- Bordeaux pendant la Seconde Guerre colonel Séan F. Scullion, Royal mondiale » Engineers Historical Society, « La destruction du bunker Elbe II › 15h05 - 15h35 : Bernard Descales (Hambourg) par the Corps of Royal (visioconférence), historien, Engineers » Association des Fortifications de Marseille et des Bouches du Rhône / Discussion à la suite Association Vauban, « L’U-Boot- de chaque intervention bunker inachevé, l’histoire de la base Martha de Marseille (1942-2017) » 4 VENDREDI 17 SEPTEMBRE 2021 Université de Bretagne Sud PAUSE CAFÉ Amphithéâtre François Chappé 9h00-18h00 11h15 - 11h45 : Jean-Baptiste Blain, historien, Académie de Session 2 : Nantes, « Les U-Bunker de Saint-Grande Baraque Lorient Les réutilisations d’après-guerre Nazaire et de La Pallice, des bases (seconde moitié du XXe siècle) industrielles militaires et civiles (1945-1990) » Modération : Christian Bougeard, Université de Bretagne 11h55 - 12h25 : Christel Trouvé, Occidentale historienne, Bunker Valentin Memorial, « Du U-Boot-Bunker › 9h00 - 9h30 : Patrick Boureille, Valentin au Denkort Bunker de historien, Service historique Brême » de la Défense, « Le destin de la base de sous-marins de Brest (1945-2015) : Discussion à la suite que faire de cet objet encombrant ? » de chaque intervention › 9h40 - 10h10 : amiral Camille Sellier, ancien commandant de la base de Keroman, « La Marine à Keroman : 50 ans d’activités » 10h20 - 10h50 : Christophe Cérino, historien, Université de Bretagne Sud, « Marine, politique et territoire : la base de sous-marins de Lorient- Keroman entre transition et mutation (1945-1947 / 1993-2001) » 5 Session 3 : PAUSE CAFÉ Les reconversions entre urbanisme, développement portuaire, › 16h00 - 16h30 : Sophie Minssart, patrimoine et architecture urbaniste, Agence d'urbanisme de la région nazairienne, « La base de Modération : Henry Masson, sous-marins de Saint-Nazaire, trait Conservation Régionale des d’union entre la ville et son port » Monuments Historiques, DRAC Bretagne › 16h40 - 17h10 : Mathieu Marsan (visioconférence), historien de l’art, › 13h45 - 14h15 : Svein Carstens, Université de Bordeaux-Montaigne, historien, Université de Trondheim, « Bordeaux : Et l’art consacra la base « Nyhavna and DORA I revisited : from de sous-marins » submarine pen to cultural bunker, Defense Sites, Heritage and future » › 17h20 - 17h50 : Fabrice Coquio (visioconférence), PDG de la › 14h25 - 14h55 : Claude société Interxion, « La reconversion Prelorenzo, sociologue, École des du bunker Martha en Data center » Ponts-Paris Tech, « Les bases de sous-marins en France, reconver- sions ou réhabilitations ? » › 15h05 - 15h35 : René Estienne, historien et archiviste paléographe, « Le service historique de la Marine à Lorient et la fermeture de la base de sous-marins de Keroman : un combat patrimonial (1995-1998) » 6 SAMEDI 18 SEPTEMBRE 2021 Lorient La Base Auditorium de la Cité de la Voile Éric Tabarly 9h30 - 12h00 Table ronde : des reconversions à l’avenir des bases au XXIe siècle : quelle place pour le patrimoine ? › Fabrice Loher, maire de Lorient et président de Lorient Agglomération › Norbert Métairie, maire de Lorient (1998-2020) et président de Lorient Agglomération (2004-2020) › Marc Andreatta, architecte, réalisateur de plusieurs édifices sur le site de Keroman › Olivier Colloud, ingénieur, restaurateur de la façade de Keroman 2 11h30 : allocution de clôture de Fabrice Loher, Maire de Lorient et président de Lorient Agglomération Cocktail de clôture du colloque 7 Colloque international Comité scientifique : Les bases de sous-marins en Europe : Christian Bougeard (Université de Bretagne état des lieux, perspectives et enjeux Occidentale) - Jean-Baptiste Blain (Académie patrimoniaux, de Nantes) - Christophe Cérino (Université de Lorient 16-18 septembre 2021 Bretagne Sud) - Patricia Drénou (Direction des Patrimoines et de l’Hôtel Gabriel, Ville de Lorient) – organisé par l’UMR CNRS TEMOS-Université de Nathalie Defrade et Christophe Deutsch-Dumolin, Bretagne Sud et la direction des Patrimoines et (animateurs de l’architecture et du patrimoine, de l’Hôtel Gabriel, Ville de Lorient Ville de Lorient) - René Estienne (Conservateur ER SHD)- Lars Hellwinkel (Stade Athenaeum & Entrées thématiques : Mémorial du camp de Sandbostel) - Vanessa Hue Techniques de construction, contraintes (Direction des Patrimoines et de l’Hôtel Gabriel, et organisations des chantiers - Phases de Ville de Lorient) - Henry Masson (Conservation transition : Les rapports Marine,
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