NEWA AMERICAN DABU 3811 W. Lawrence Avenue, Chicago, IL 60625 Tel: 800 656 0000, 773 478 3200 Fax: 773 478 4974 Email: [email protected] WEBSITE: WWW.CHICAGOIMPORTINC.NET

2 Providing Quality Product , Competitive Price & Unmatched Profit

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Editor’s note

Newa American Dabu is a non-profit charitable, educational, social, and cultural organization of people of Newa background in the Chicagoland area and their friends in the United States and abroad. The objectives of the organization are to preserve and promote Newa cultural heritage for the benefit of Newa people and Americans in general and to enhance the understanding between the people of Newa culture and others for unity, peace and harmony in the world. The organization started with the name Chicago-Newa in 2010 and was renamed Newa American Dabu to reflect its reach and representation well beyond the Chicago area.

Chicago Newa is the flagship newsletter of Newa American Dabu. This is the premier issue of Chicago Newa, which is being published once a year and circulated to hundreds of households and businesses in the Chicagoland area. The newsletter will also be distributed all over the United States and .

Newa American Dabu has been blessed with many well-wishers and supporters. Without their support we could not grow as we did and we would like to thank them all very much. We would like to thank Honorable Governor Pat Quinn, Honorable Ambassador Dr. Shankar Prasad Sharma, Honorable Secretary of State Jessie White, and Honorable Dr. Satya Mohan Joshi for their messages and support to the Newa American Dabu community. We would like to thank all the writers who put their valuable time and effort to make the publication of Chicago Newa a success. Thanks are also due to all the individuals and companies that advertised on this issue of Chicago Newa. We would also like to thank the advertisement and article collection committee for a superb job. Thanks are also extended to Uden Nhusayami for his help with Newa font and Indreni Offset Press for their help in this publication.

Last but not the least, members of the Executive Committee of Newa American Dabu stayed engaged and helped a lot in the publication process and we would like to thank them as well.

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Executive Committee of Newa American Dabu

Dr. Manoranjan N. Dhaubhadel President

Dr. Junoo K Shrawan Shrestha Vice-president Vice-president

Keshar Man Kiran Byanjankar Sushil Joshi Secretary Treasurer Member

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Executive Committee of Newa American Dabu

Sushma Shrestha Prawan Ranjit Member Member

Manoj Shrestha Sunita Amatya Manesh Pradhan Member Member Member

Uday Isha Shrestha Member Member viii Newa American Dabu lzsfuf] g]jfM

Contents

Item Author Page No.

President's Message: The inception of Dr. Manoranjan N. Dhaubhadel 1 Newa American Dabu and the path forward dfgo\ dh" dfwjnfn sdf{rfo{ 3 Our rich Newa culture and festivals Rhea, Isabel & Sasha 5 g]= ;+= !!#! lzsfuf]of g]jfM hgslj b'uf{nfn >]i7 7 k'rn+ x+u' Gx"bFof ;+ lskf :j:j+ Bahi Dya Byoyegu (Dipankar Buddha) Sasu Laxmi Tuladhar 9 df+–ca' rfM rfM Xo" /Ltfb]jL k|wfg -hf]zL_ 11 Critical issues in Newa tradition Dr. Narayan B. Rajbhandari 15 g]kfMldof g'uM kNk;f 17 Newa American Dabu activities in picture 18 slj cfgGb hf]zLof xfOs'M 'w|j dlwsdL{ 21 hLjg j k|s[ ltof yL yL ;Gbe{ : The Living of Nepal Shradha Kamal Tamrakar 25 kmo\u+ k|bLk cf/= t'nfw/ 27 The Alphabets of Nepal Dr. Manoranjan N. Dhaubhadel 29 g]jfM :jfoQ k|b]zM lkg]of g]jfMto\ cfz+sf dNn s] ;' 'Gb/ 31 Buddha and His Teachings Bhikkhu Sangharakshit Sthaveer 35 O?ly? s]bf/ æl;t'Æ 37 Understanding Newa of Nepal Jaya Joshi and Dhruba Raj Joshi 39 Tok" hLjgof /f]dfG; nf]rg tf/f t'nfw/ 43 Life Cycle Rituals in Newa Culture Alisha Shrestha 45 Ajg]s'yL 5]n]u' ljrfMn" lgaGw …Gxfo\Ú b/zf g]jfMld 47 b]z :ofgfM DjfgfRj+ lk+ dLgf ah|frfo{ 49

Newa American Dabu ix lzsfuf] g]jfM

lzsfuf]o Gxfkf+v';L Gx"bFof Hof‰jM 53 cd] l/sfo\ £oM rfs' ;+Nx' 55 Wo]af x] hs dnxd vMnf /Lgf t'nfw/ 57 Jana Bahaa : a passion rekindled Dr. Sampurna Tuladhar 61 v'k' :jfxfg] zlzsnf dfgGw/ 65 u' ln Ho" ;/:jtL t'nfw/ 79

"Nepa - There is no other place like it on Earth"

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PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE: The inception of Newa American Dabu and the path forward

Newa cultural heritage. Incorporation world even today. Newa artworks of the latest technological advances like are among the biggest to enhance and disseminate the core source of export from Nepal to the cultural aspects and tweaking some developed countries. There are seven societal aspects to suit the modern UN declared world heritage sites in age should come handy. With the the Nepa () valley. This inception of Newa American Dabu, a kind of concentration of UN declared new era of Newa American cultural world heritage sites is unprecedented. establishment has begun in this land Newa food provides many distinct of opportunity and this is expected to delicacies that are popular all over accelerate infusion of some good Newa Nepal. Newa specialties like Choyala values to the diverse American culture. and Momo have the potential to be very Dr. Manoranjan N. Dhaubhadel The vibrant Newa culture resides popular, if not as popular as burgers in everything Newa. Newa language and pizzas. Newa festivals, customs ewa American Dabu has risen (Nepal Bhasha) is the medium that and rituals like and Ihin are Nwith the objectives of preserving has kept Newa customs intact. Nepal unique and exemplary. Newa and promoting the magniicent Newa can boast of its own scripts in Newa system designed to conserve and culture in the midst of Newa and non- Aakha (Nepal Scripts) that helped preserve Newa customs has performed Newa people in America and beyond. Nepal become a member of the United exceptionally well for centuries. We can The organization is a direct result of Nations Organization. There are about go on and on with very special Newa the intense feeling that the Chicago a hundred festivals observed in a year cultural contributions. The majesty Newa people have for their culture as with fanfare and customary feasting of Newa culture and the rich socio- demonstrated time and again during and this imparts the cultural dynamism economic state of Nepa (Kathmandu) Newa cultural celebrations. Newa that is vivid in the Kathmandu (Nepa) valley was too much for the Gorkhali are the original inhabitants of the valley. Newa Era (Nepal Sambat) is conquerors to abstain from naming fascinating , which now declared oficial calendar of Nepal. the conquered country other than the used to be called Nepa or Nepal by This calendar is unique in that it was original valley name of Nepa or Nepal. itself. Newa culture is the heart and soul started by a common Newa named If the country had been named Gorkha, of Nepal’s culture (see Newa Culture Shankhadhar Sakhwa by paying off all it would have been laughable because by Dr. M. N. Dhaubhadel, Nepa Pasa debt owed by people in the country at even after more than two centuries Pucha of America Dabu, October 1992). the time. Perhaps the Bill Gates of the of trying to suppress Newa culture, Some of the aspects of Newa culture world are not aware that they could Kathmandu valley is a lively Newa are just astounding and out of this essentially be living in the irst year cultural gem. Other ethnic groups in world. The treasure is there to enjoy of Nepal Era by paying off all dues Nepal should realize this and join Newa for all. Preservation and promotion owed by people in Nepal today. Newa people to enjoy and promote the great of this culture is in the beneit of all Architecture is just unparalleled. The Newa culture. Newa people have had people in the USA and the world. Newa pagoda style architecture got spread the brunt of organized governmental American Dabu is intended to be an to many Asian countries. Newa wood suppression and would not want other inclusive entity where all people can carving, metal craft, and stone craft ethnicities to cease or be suppressed. come together and enjoy the incredible work are very popular all over the They can be expected to reciprocate in Newa American Dabu 1 lzsfuf] g]jfM a positive manner when dealing with different ethnic backgrounds, which Newa American Dabu will strive other ethnic customs in Nepal. seems to be prevalent in Nepal today. to bring together Chicago area people Newa background is getting Newa American Dabu while promoting with different ethnic backgrounds from appreciated more and more around the Newa culture, will do its best to create Nepal and American friends of Newa world because of some very positive a conducive environment for people of in general. The organization will do qualities like honesty and integrity all ethnic backgrounds to mingle and its best to have a very cooperative and that are ingrained in Newa people enjoy Newa events together. mutually beneicial relationship with because of their cultural upbringing. Newa people inherently are very other non-proit cultural organizations Certain Newa cultural celebrations friendly and tolerant and can easily in the area. The prime objective of are designed to make Newa people mix with people of other ethnic Newa American Dabu to preserve and unselish and understandable of backgrounds. As such, there should promote Newa culture will be adhered their relationship with nature (see be no problem for a Newa to prosper in to at all times. All workings of the Mha Puja – A Unique Newa Tradition the big melting pot called the USA. The organization are to be in accordance by Dr. Manoranjan N. Dhaubhadel, richness of Newa culture, however, is with the federal and state laws of the NPPA Dabu, 1993). Because of the bound to transfuse some of its qualities United States. The governance of the intrinsic Newa qualities, some have into the pot for the better. Also, two organization will be transparent to even suggested that in order to solve and a half centuries of relentless the general membership. A stage has Nepal’s problems today, all one has suppression and mistreatment by been set for meaningful celebration to do is to make sure that each of the the Shah and Rana rulers and their and promotion of Newa culture in principal political parties in Nepal is cronies have turned Newa people Chicago and beyond. Newa culture headed by a Newa person. The idea very sensitive and protective of their has some amazing treasures to share. is that with a Newa person at the culture. The resilience of Newa culture We welcome all our Newa Americans helm, the diverse ethnic population is exceptional and some Newa values and friends of Newa to join us and will come together to celebrate the are bound to be carried over to the participate in the benevolent cause ethnic diversity rather than try to general American culture, thereby undertaken by Newa American incite animosity between people of enriching it. Dabu.  M M

2 Newa American Dabu lzsfuf] g]jfM o 5Dx a'Osy+ j 5] “o\ dj+;] eflu dof;] + nM 5k' mlt Dx't'O dtODx cg]sy+ Wofr" gsfM, Sjy'gfM, v“ NxfgfM, sf;/f;/ c:ktfn+ yM5]“o\ ld;f+ æYj l5Dx sfo dv', Yjofs] l5u' b'Mv si6 laofu' n'd+sfM j k' mSs+of jgf5\jt . xs nu] dh"Æ wsfM yLs] ts+ dla;] +ln lg+lt+ dfkmL g+ jg . j+ wfM;f vfln 5\ o+ 5Dx 5Dx ofof+ KoDx ts Dx\ofo\ 5y' + lt+Gx'ofM wfo] y] + Ajf“o\ yMu' Sjyfo\ hs Sj:jsfM v“ hs Gogf Rjg, 5uM a'ofM dgo\ sofRj+u' b'Mv j kL/+ s+ jofM Vjo] kmSj Vjn . cfvM g+ Dx't' + lkdsfM . :jfQ lnxf+ jMy]+ h'ofM 5]“–Ejl5+l;t cfsf´fsf+ y'HjMu' ;+s6 j;]+ln ;'+ db'yfo\ s]x]+etDx]l;t wfn l;Rr';]–ofp“;] Rj+u'of yfMufM x] db' . ;x ofo]u' zlQm g+ ug+ jOu' vM <. j vlg+, æyy] x] h'n gfgL, l5lslklg jof+ Gx\oj ts gfgfsy+ ch;–ckh; nf dl;n – a'¥xfDx afh' + Gx\ oMg] xofM bfh'oft ;D´] ofgf laoflb;“ . jo\sMof laof jofRj+lk+ ;sl;s]+ jof pk/o\ toflapu' Rof g+ dTj“;] skoft cy] + efUoo\ sfo RjoftMu' db' vgL . lh dfof–k|]d 5y' + bgf jMy] + h'of jofRj+u' t' + :jofM Tjno\ x] h'ofRjg . kfkLgL, lhtM NjMd+sflb;“ .Æ b' . a'l¥xDx dfh' j s]x]+et eftfeftf+ æDx\ofo\ a'Os]j+ ;' + kfkLgL h'Onf < KoDx–KoDx Dx\ ofo\ nuftf/ a'O w' +sfM xyfo\ kyfo\;+ ef}of yM5]“o\ Yo+sM ttfh' j+ sfo db'u' ´f]+so\ 5SjM xfsg+ g+ Kjfyo\ bofM hf+ro\ ofo]t jg . æj 5] “o\ nf ;L ;f+ jg]dv'Æ wfn lgSjM cy] wfn wfo]j+ plndl5+ BMoft o+s"u' Ono\ xfsg+ g+ Dx\ofo\ x] a'Ou' wsfM ;lDwgL g+ Go+s";] +ln lgDx+ klNn+ ;fl5 tofM yM ofgfDx efMtoft TjMt] kSsf h';] +ln lgSjM ts drf SjMyn] s't' + jMlk+ y] + h'n . cg g+ k' mSs VjfM lhpnf < cfM nf sfo g+ bo] w' +sn w' +sfM d]Dx Aofxf ofo]u' dg Sj;fo]s] lvp“lk+, dgo\ v“ NxfMlk+ hs . lg 5+Æ s]x]etDx+ yy] wofM x\ oo]s]t w' +s"Dx efMtDx+ g+ yDx+ afuM ldvf+ :jo]u' ykfno\ a"Dx Dx\ ofo\ dv' wOu' ;L ;g, t/ cx“ km x] dk' mt . ofgfM b'Mv aLu' ofgf jofRj+u' k' mSs ;ftls jofs] 5y' + yHofMu' lxnf;" 5fo\ dfgo\ dh" dfwjnfn sdf{rfo{

NjMd+sfM wofy] + xfsg+ g+ joft dfof jn wofu' v“ y'Os] yfs'ofRjg . cfM ofo]t lt+Gx'of j+u' . a"Dx drf nf sfo wofu' kSsf h';] +ln r'O“Ss 5;M x] gdjf;] + tMGx'dl5 ;'oft+ x] jfhvfg+ dbo]s drfoft yMs] lrjf sof Rj+u' b'MvM si6of sfkt+ e'gfM, KjMlrgfM, Hjgf lhgf j æl5slk+;+ dy", gfgL lh+ af+nfs larfM ef/ ;x ofgf Rj+Dx j cfM sfo a';] +ln ;/f;/ yM5]“o\ Yo+;]+ln x\jf“o\ x\jf“o\ ofgfM y'OsfM, ef]uo\ ofgfM ;LsfMu' vM . no\tfofM 5] “o\ jg]u' kn];f 5y' + yy] Vjo]dfMu' h'ofRjg . Gx\ofDxl;g+ Gx\ofu' lh l5slklgu' 5] “oft sfo lao] of]Uo yM5] “ j+u' l;pano\ k' mSs+ ch" rfOu' x] Go+;f+ 5uM cfvM gdjf;]+ vfln dh" . Yj drf l5slklgu' 5] “of sfo j b'MvL dh'Ou' g+ uy] vM . Vj hs VjofM 5' + dwfMu' h'ofRjg . dv' .Æ ;L ;ftls dfg] ofgfM xo] wsfM 5' ofo]u', uy] ofo]u' – bSj k' mSs+ x] s]x] +etDx ch"ult rfofM ttfh'of j+Dx efMtDx yMu' 5' + nu] dh';] +ln 5] “o\ cndn, csds, kSs h'ofM Rj+Rj+u' ldvfo\ :jofRjg . 5' vg dl;p, sy'O lnYog] ;fy x\ jf“o\ x\jf“o\ Vjn . jofu' h'ofRjg . Yo+s jo] w' +s"u' v“ Nxfo] dk' mt . yMu' ldvf+ Vjla g+ d5fM dh';] v'l;afM jo] a'l¥xDx dfh'Dx]l;of+ tMu' sy+ x] x] ldvfo\ jMu' Vjla lklnlkln h"u' y] + joft' + Rjg . Gxfkf lnkf h";f t'lt x\oo]s]t ;g . Gxfkf sfo da'Os"u'ln+ rfn, ltls g+ gg . – df+, af}, cn]

Newa American Dabu 3 lzsfuf] g]jfM bSj bSjl;t Sjfo] dfl:t jo]sn . g+ h'ofRjg . hlgu/ ljlGt Û 5 djn wfM;f lh+ xfsg+ ;'of+ 5' + nu] dh';] +ln cflv/o\ eftDx+ kf;fDx jftfxf+ RjgfM 5'+ gjfo] Aofxf ofo]dfnL . lhtM Rjg] aLdv' .Æ yM t;s+ ldn] h"Dx kf;foft 5\jo]u' dkmofM ldvf cy] + x] Kofgf jMu' hs jof 5y'+ uMkM tHofOy]+ h'of dtL tn . snfMDxln;] jof ljz]if rfMu' h'ofRjg . lnkf+ j;] +ln kF k' mSs jn . NxfM lgkf+ Kok' +sfM snfMDx]l;g+ x]dv]d g+ b'u' . jofu' v“o\ ckfo\;s+ v“ sg] dk' mt . rLxfsn+ y'ln x] hs wfn, æcy] ofgfbLdt] . xfsg+ d]Dxoft g+ gfOgfl:t g+ dofM . Yj v“ efMtDx+ g+ wfn, æ dfg] h'ofdbL, lh+ dfg] ofs] g+ kfkof ufno\ Sjkmfo]u' Hof ofgfbLdt] . af+nfs l;p . dk' mt .Æ cn] j jgfg+ 5\ jt . lh nf h'n, h'n . cfM d]Dxl;t g+ t/ efMtDx+ larfM ofMy]+ dh'n . cg+ lnkf d]d]u' g+ s'tM h'n . kfkL h'Os]u' Hof ofgfbLdt] . ljlGt ÛÆ kf;fDx j+ ano\ nf no\tfofM x] j+u' drfa" Ao+s]u', h+Sj ofo]u' cflb cflb cn] j+uf+ VjfM Tjk'ofM lxlxngf ;Lb'u' vM . t/ jofu' v“ g+ Gx\ofo] ofo]dfMu' v“t g+ jg . k' mSsyf;+ 5u" Vjn . dk' mt . joft tfMxfso]s gjfs] dla;] + x] hs ln;M ln;f sfsf+ jgfRjg, ælh j+ 5' y'n, 5' dy'n, j nf dl;n, by'O t' + TjfM NxfgfM wfMu' h'ofRjg, æuft, kfkLgL . kfkLgLof Kjfy+ a"Dx drfof 5' 5] “o\ lnYog] w' +sfM j+ joft 5] “o\ lnt cfM TjMtf 5\jo] . lh+ dtL tofu' v“ Ao+s], 5' h+Sj Û yy] ofgfM lhtM cKjM Ajgf xo]u'nL t;s+ lj/f]w oft . cn] k"jg] w' +sn . cfM y'ln+ ufsf 5\jo] . kfkLgL h'Ou' ofgfbL dy] ljlGt ÛÆ xfsg+ Aofxf dofo]u' wsfM g+ t5\ ofgfM kfk lhu' x], lhkfv] + x] h"u' vM . bf]if a'¥xfDx afh' sfooft Gx\ oMg] tofM x] wfn . uHofMu', u'u' lsl;dofu' 5flt+ ;'ofu'+ dv' . l5u' Ujfxflnof lg+lt+ x\oo]s] wsfM Yo+sM jg . 5\ o+ Sj5'sfM j+ yy] wfn . j nf dl;n, t/ bSj ;'efo\ cfM ;sn] + yMyMu' n“o\ lngf jgf k' mSs+ v“ Gog, co\ g+ 5' + ln;M dlap . k' mSj yno\ 6Dd h'Os k';f toflan, 5\ jo] . l5slklg kf;foft g+ jo\sn+ 5;M ts+ gdjfM . j nf k|:6 h'n . x] 5\jof xofbLu' vM;f yy] x] wof sfoDx ;' + db'yfo\ v“ Nxfo]t wsfM cg+ln 5' 5' h'n, uy] h'n 5'+ x] laoflb;“ .Æ y'ln wofM j bgf jgf 5\ jMu' jg, æh"u' h'n, k' mSs+ v“ NjMd+sf 5\ j . dl;n . 

4 Newa American Dabu lzsfuf] g]jfM

Our rich Newa culture and festivals

and the other with the regular English are told that this is a unique Newa custom. calendar. We are lucky to observe our Our dad/mama Sushil got a chance to birthdays twice and feel doubly blessed. celebrate Mha Puja at his Paju Chhen During these birthday rituals, we enjoy (Mamaghar) in Tirpureshwor during unique Newa food items like Yo Mari his 2010 visit to Nepal. We (Isabel and & receive Sagan. The 2nd year birthday Sasha) did Mha Puja when we were 1 celebration is a big event and we enjoyed and 2 years old in Patan, Nepal before we celebrating our brother Rohit’s 2nd year came to USA but we were so small we birthday in 2008 and mine (Sasha’s) in cannot remember this anymore other than 2005 both in Arizona. seeing our photos doing so. Anyway, we We also look forward to performing have seen great pictures of other Newa “Kija Puja” (brother worship) every families celebrating this event every year By Rhea, Isabel, and Sasha year with the help of our parents and throughout the USA. grandparents. During this event, we like In 2009 we were surprised to hear making with colorful sindurs that we needed to go to Nepal for our and �owers. Our only brother/cousin wedding. At �rst, we were confused e feel blessed that we grew up brother, Rohit, who is now a cute 5 year & scared to hear this. Wedding at this Wwith the constant company and old is happy to be at the center of this age? No way, we thought. But we were support of our beloved grandparents. puja and loves all the attention and ritual relieved when our grandparents/parents They visit and stay with us quite often. offerings and gifts showered on him. Of elaborated the signi�cance of this special They tell us of our rich culture, feasts course, we in turn are also showered with ritual called Bel Bibaha/Ihin. We also and festivals. Because of their presence, love, gifts & blessings. Our grandma & browsed the internet to know more about we are fortunate to celebrate all kinds of moms prepare delicious traditional Newa this festival & we saw pictures of other festivals and perform interesting rituals. food for this event. We like all kinds of girls performing the ritual en mass in Every year we enjoy birthday Newa foods and especially enjoy Wo, Alu Washington D.C. It felt so amazing celebration(s) with our unique traditional Chhon, Chatamari, Kwati with Momo because this is a ritual symbolic marriage costumes. Interestingly, unlike many of Cha & Kwa-Gasha. (byah) with a bel fruit, the symbol of lord our friends, we celebrate our birthday But somehow I (Rhea) (and amongst Vishnu and belief that Newari girls will twice every year. One following the those in the Maru Joshi family) do not never be widowed. We also found out traditional Newa calendar called “tithi” celebrate Mha Puja (Soul Worship). We that this too is a unique Newari tradition in Nepal. Anyway, we felt excited for this wonderful trip to Nepal. We went to Nepal during our summer vacation in 2009. On day one, all three of us dressed up with our favorite red elaborate lengahs, decorated faces with makeup & dazzling ornaments. Our grandpa told us that we were going to the residence of “Japani” Baje for the puja. We asked if he was from Japan. Our family members used to call him Japani Baje because of his white complexion. Funny, we wondered why then he was not called “American” or “English” Baje. He greeted us warmly & soon we were ready to perform the auspicious Puja. He expertly decorated

Newa American Dabu 5 lzsfuf] g]jfM the �oor with �owers & mandala. He It was really funny to see “sacred” cows we were part of kids fashion show. We started chanting in Newa & and roaming around the streets in busy traf�c dressed up in Haku Patashi with all those we followed whatever he told us to do. and among crowds. We saw all sorts dazzling ornaments. We feel excited for We were thrilled to feel so special when of animals in the streets from smelly the upcoming 2011 Newa New Year Japani Baje handed us a bel representing goats to hens and ducks, all roaming celebration. We are also looking forward our “husband”. We had to make three full the busy streets with crowds of people. for the next big event: Bratabandha (bald circles around the �re like a real adult The living Goddess KUMARI was so shaving ceremony) of our brother, Rohit wedding we have seen in the videos & amazing. The famous Mandir in & our cousin Kavya’s Ihin. we felt of�cially married. Our grandma Patan is a short walk to Rhea’s maternal Our grandparents/parents also try to & ninis (phupus) guided us in performing grandfather’s house. We were amazed to communicate with us in both Nepali and the rituals during this entire ceremony. see so many temples still around the now Newa languages. This has helped us to The worst part of this ceremony fell on modern concrete houses. No wonder, somewhat comprehend & spur interest our eyes which became teary due not Kathmandu is known to the world as the to learn our native tongues. We were leaving our maternal home (maitighar) city of temples & festivals. somewhat able to communicate with but due to suffocating smoke from the Apart from celebrating major Nepali other family members back in Nepal in burning incense & poor ventilation in festivals like , Tihar & American our native languages. a cramped room. We were also very festivals like Christmas/Halloween, we All these have indeed been great hungry because we weren’t allowed to are also fortunate here in Illinois and experiences for all of us. This has eat until we were done with the puja. It especially Chicago to enjoy our unique widened our belief & perception. We was a two days ceremony. We felt very Newa feast & festivals. It seems every feel blessed that our grandparents/parents special & fortunate that an auspicious other month, something is happening. In are faithfully passing signi�cance of our ceremony dedicated to ensure our eternal 2009, we celebrated �rst in Chicago group cultural heritage to us. Even if we reside happiness & wellbeing was being done. Ghyachaku Sanhlu (Maghe Sankranti) in USA, we like our rich cultural heritage Afterwards, we also had a grand party festival with Newa Jho Bhoe. We even & it is of utmost importance to keep our and feast (Bhoe) at a hotel and the fun got opportunity to taste Chaku, Hamo culture alive & vibrant. We should not part was we received a lot of gifts. Laddu & Paun Kwa imported straight hesitate to share this cultural heritage During our stay in Kathmandu & from Nepal. Our grandpa Mr. Nutan of ours to others with pride & dignity. Patan, we went to see lots of Newa Raj Shrestha (Rhea’s) got opportunity We feel it is our duty to learn, preserve temples and palaces with carvings to bless all the participating Newa & continue to celebrate our cultures of gods & . We liked our people in this event. We like the Newa and traditions and pass it on for future ancestral Maru Joshi house in the heart New Year celebration most. In 2010, generations to come.  of Basantapur & also those in Patan Dhoka and Patan Durbar Square. We came to know from our grandfather that the Maru Joshi families were responsible for preservation of Kathmandu Durbar Square & our Joshi ancestors were (and Joshi families still are) the priests in the famed Taleju temple. Our late maternal great grandfather Mr. Gopal Das Baidya used to work at Basantpur Durbar. It is remarkable to �nd out that we could have had a view of the Indra Ceremony from our grandfather's bedroom. We would like to go there to see Indra Jatra at least once in our lifetime. We enjoyed 8f= ;'b;{gdfg j do\h' clgtf t'nfw/ going to lots of Newa shops selling beautiful artifacts and wood carvings. The sights and sounds and smell of farmers market at Ason were awesome. 6 Newa American Dabu lzsfuf] g]jfM g]= ;+= !!#! lzsfuf]of g]jfM k'rn+ x+u' Gx"b“of ;+lskf :j:j+

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Newa American Dabu 7 lzsfuf] g]jfM

Shrawan, Sarita, and Sapana Shrestha Chicago, USA

Happy New Year Happy New Year Nepal Sambat 1132 Nepal Sambat 1132

8 Newa American Dabu lzsfuf] g]jfM

Bahi Dyas in Itumbaha Bahi Dya Byoyegu Sasu Laxmi Tuladhar (Dipankar Buddha)

he Dipankar Buddha, Buddha of The manuscript is about Buddha’s There is a manuscript the past is also known as Bahi teachings. written in silver and Dya. Dipankar means dipa or Bahi Dya Bwoyegu is an event T gold ink available at lamp because a lamp shined when he that lasts seven days during . was born. Dipankar was alive around The living goddess Kumari also goes æItumbaha which provides 563 to 463 BC. to each baha to see the Bahi Dyas. more details. The Each year during Gunla festival, Each Newa community associated manuscript is about there is an event called Bahi Dya with their Gunla bahajos go to each Buddha’s teachings. Bwoyegu (Bahi Dya showings). Gunla baha to see the Dya. Each baha has a starts on the tenth month of the Newa different version of the Bahi Dya. Newa æ calendar (around August). The Bahi families in various communities also Dyas are all displayed in each Newa display Bahi Dyas in their houses.  baha. My Newa community is the Nyata Tuladhar group. The Nyata Gunla bahajo go to all the bahas that are showing Bahi Dyas on Saparu (Gaijatra). The walk is about ifteen miles long, when going to each baha. A manuscript of Buddha’s teachings written in gold and silver, in Itumbaha. They play a certain song in each baha. Some are long and some are short. Newa artisans are the ones that make the Bahi Dya. It is made of copper that is painted with gold and decorated with stones. Most of the statues are standing, with the right had facing front and the left hand also facing front but upsidedown. The Bahi Dyas are displayed in bahas with two other gods on the sides known as Ghaan Dyas. There is a manuscript written in silver and gold ink available at Itumbaha which provides more details. Nyata Gunla Bahajo playing in the Sabal baha

Newa American Dabu 9 lzsfuf] g]jfM

Happy New Year Happy New Year Nepal Sambat 1132 Nepal Sambat 1132

San Francisco, California

Happy New Year Happy New Year Nepal Sambat 1132 Nepal Sambat 1132 U

10 Newa American Dabu lzsfuf] g]jfM df+–ca' rfMrfM Xo"

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Happy New Year Nepal Sambat 1132

Dr. Subarna and Cecilia Pradhan Downers Grove, Illinois

12 Newa American Dabu lzsfuf] g]jfM hs . s[i0fdfgefO yM a"u' yfo\ afo\ j h'n .Æ Hof ofODx 5Dx nf b' . t/ yMlk+;+ TjfM TjMtfM jofu'of ;/fM nfMu' hs+ æ/fdbfO knv ;'Ds Rjg .Æ cn] a'OsfM ;';fMs';fM ofgfM ltltkfkfkf vMnf lhtM .Æ /fdbfOof ;Mno\ Vjla lhs] Gog – æxfsg+ 5sM Rof Tjg]nf < ofgfM Ajn+sf toflk+ sfo–Dx\ ofo\lk+;+ NjfsHofMu' ;Lb' . lh+ 5\o+ ;+sfM lhp wof .Æ x] d:jM;f d]lk+;+ ´g 5' :jO <Æ æ/fdbfO, l5+ 5' woflbofu' < l5 æ5Gx' tMlwsMDx sfo jofM lkg] 5] “o\ æsfo\ lk+;+ a/fa/ :jMnf jM <Æ lh+ nf oSj x] efUodfgLDx, ;Ml;pDx . Rj+jg]u' vF wfMjn . lh+ joft lhlk+ Gogf . l5 sfo– DXofo\lk+ oSj AjgftMlk+, a'/fa'l/lk+t TjMtfM 5fo\ jg]u', lshfgfk+ æ;'? ;'?O nf nl5O 5sM lgnfO 5sM ;Ml;plk+, y"lk+, yf;o\ nfMlk+ vM . 5' v“o\ ldn] dh'n wsfM g+ Gogf . jM . t/ cf bl5O 5sM g+ jo]u' doft . d]yfo\ Rj+ j+;f+ Ono\ Aono\ nf gfk nfM j+ 5' + dwfM . jof clkm; jo]–jg]t j s[i0f, 5+ 5sM wf;f, a'/fa'l/ h'OsfM x] jM h'O, l5tM 5'lsof b'Mv wsfM . lSnlgs rfo]s]t kfo\ l5 yf;o\ nfMu'ln+ nl5 5Dx sfoof 5] “o\ cn] nl5lnkf lhtM tfM y] + wof .Æ d]yfo\ Rj+jg]u' vF . a/fa/ :jM jo]u' j d]Dx sfoof 5] “o\ nlxsM jg]u' lxl; b'u' æcy] nf sfo–DXofo\ lk+ oSj cfvM oM;f jofu' x] 5] “o\ Rj+ jo]t g+ wfn . vF vM nf < yy] a'/fa'l/of Ono\ nf AjgftMlk+, yf;o\ g+ nf . t/ df+– jof+ 5' + nf lnkf lshfDx g+ lkg] Rj+ plk+ wsfM;f df+–ca' Rj+Rj+yfo\ jo]dfM ca'gfk dRjgLano, df+–ca'gfk Rjg] jg]u' wsfM ph+ sfMjn . lh+ joft dv'nf < cfMnf Olk+ df+ca' d+t wOu' vF do]o\ sLano\ jf df+–ca'of 5] “ bo]sbo]s+ g+ x\ oo]sf . 5+ g+ TjMtf jgls 5] “o\ l;p;f+ xyf;+ :jM jOy] + dtfM .Æ y'ln cnu 5] “ bgfM Rj+jgLano\ df+–ca'of lhldt ;'gf+ :jO < wsfM wfo]j+ j+ nf wof /fdbfOof ldvfo\ Vjla hfofjn . g'uno\ uHofMu' 3fMnfO wOu' vF 5+ emg 5] “o\ Hof ofODx b x] b' . DxfOk';f æ/fdbfO g+ bgf jg] Too]sfM lhs] dl;plg h'O s[i0fdfg . emL;+ pldt rfMlxn] y] + uan+ ] bfh' j uan] + jofu' l5ld sfolk+ 5yfo\ Rj+Rj+u' nf b' wsfM a'OsfM nlxgfM cfvM Aj+sf tofu'of 5] “o\ jo]u' ;Nnfx lan .Æ Gog . lh+ cfts nf gfk+ x] Rj+Rj+u' b' . cy{ Olk+ ;Ifd h'Odf, Olk+ lhof jMu' Olk+ lgDx+ jg] w' +sfM u'ln tsnf TjMtf jgL VjfM djM wsfM g+ wof . emL;+ ;bf+ vg]df, Olk+ Gx\ ofan] + emLu' lhlk+ l;df+ s't' + jMlk+ dfsM y] + Tjfnx+ co\ ;f 5 nf t;s+ x] efUodfgL sf Gx\ oMg] bo]df wsfM vM . t/ Olk+ ;Ifd h'n . rl5 rl5 ldvfo\ Gx\oM db' . wsfM /fdbfO g+ vlNt+ Woaf lnsfn . h'Oj+ df+–ca'oft Djfsy+ ofgfM TjMtfM af+nfs go] oMu' g+ dv' . lh ldh+Dx j+ vlNt+ åMl5 j+u' gf]6 5Kk“ lnsofM jgLano\ df+–ca'oft g'uM uo\ h'O < h"u'ln+ ldvfo\ ckfo\ Rj Vjla nf djM lanof Woaf k'n . jg] Too]sfM /fdbfO wofu' v“ Old;+ larf dofM .Æ t/ jof cfts g+ ldvfo\ Vjla du+lg .Æ g+ lhtM ln;f–ln;f sofM lgsM :jsM æDx\ ofo\lk+ wOu' nf Olxkf ofo] lnkf lh+ /fdbfOof vF by'O TjfNxfgf ts nfOano\ 5sM–lgsM gfknfM jf efMtof 5] “o\ jlgu' x] h'n . t/ sfolk+ wof – æl5 sfo–ef}lk+t af+nfs ;Dem]a'em] n] lGx+ wfn .Æ nf snfMof 5] “o\ jg]DjfMlg . snfMof ofgfdlbof n] <Æ æ/fdbfOoft Woafof ckfo\;s+ 5] “o\ nf dj+ df+–ca'oft TjMtf yMyMu' 5] “ æwof, l5ldt drf+lg;]+ a'OsfM ;d:of nf db' . t/ joft yHofMu' bo]sfM Rj+jg, /fdbfO g+ 5sM tfMxfsM nlxgfM, cfvM Aj+sfM, t'lt+ r'Osf laofu' Ono\ yMgfk+ sfolk+ db'u' wfM;f t;s+ ;f;M Nxft . cn] yMu' g'u vF sgfxn . l;/kfM Yj x] vMnf g+ wof t/ Olk+ b'Mvof ljifo h"u' b' . u'Dx sfolklg lgDx+ sfolk+ of]Uolk+ vM . tMlwsMDx Gx\ ofSj wfM;f+ wof+ dhL w+ 's"u' cj:yfo\ nflu+ j+ Gx"u' yf;o\ 5] “o\ bgfM d:to\t sfo d]l8sn 8fS6/, cn] lrlwsMDx Yog] w' +s"u' vlg+ . cano\ ef}lk+;+ g+ ;'v–;'ljwf+ Ajn+sn . af+af+nfMu' :s'n– rf6{8{ Psfp06]G6 . Old sdfO g+ oSj 5' wfn l;p nf < l5slk+t nxLdv' sn]ho\ Aj+sn . t/ yf} + jofM j x] b' . cy] nf 5] “oft Oldu' sdfO dfMu' g+ :jo]dv' wofu' dv', l5slk+t af+nfs sfolk+ yMyMu' nFk' lngf j+ano\ 5Dx dv' . nFl;yo\;+ nfMu' 5] “ h"u'ln+ afn+ x] larf ofo] t/ Yj 5] “o\ RjgfM dv' . ca'of g'uM uo\ h'n h'O < /fdbfOof x] ufM . Oldt Olxkfof GofbF–v'bF ts lhld;+ bo]sfu' 5] “o\ emf;F . l5slk+ cj:yf vgfM, jofu' b'Mv GogfM lhtM nf 5' + g+ ;d:of lkxf+ djM . t/ a'n'x' + kfn+kfM tMlwsMDx j lrlwsMDx sfoof g+ ug+ ug+ dgo\ lr+s ldg sf afa' .Æ 5' vFo\ vM dl;p lgDx+ sfo\ lklg by'O yfo\ Rj+ emf;F . sfo–ef}lklg larfM y'ln wofM lhld ca' + lhu' VjfM :jn . gt';t' Dxf] h'ofjg . ef}lklg by'O g+ vgfM lhlk+ lgDx]l;of+ g'uM Vjn . Olk+ lhtM lhld ca' + 5fo\ ;Mt"u' vM wsfM j+ jOt j+ jOt vg]j+ 3] +3] + ofgf h'Ou' df+–ca'oft TjMtfM lkxf+ x] jg . 5] “o\ af+nfs lh+ y'n . 

Newa American Dabu 13 lzsfuf] g]jfM

Happy New Year Happy New Year Nepal Sambat 1132 Nepal Sambat 1132

Kedar, Nabita, Gagan Piya Nikhil, and Lijala Manandhar Mount Prospect, Illinois Chicago

Happy New Year Happy New Year Nepal Sambat 1132 Nepal Sambat 1132 U Sanjay & Sudha Shrestha Aniv Maskey Skokie, Illinois Scottsdale, Arizona

14 Newa American Dabu lzsfuf] g]jfM Critical issues in NewaNewa traditiontradition

fter July 23, 2008, when Dr. Ram largely two types of religions, they are ABaran Yadav was sworn in as the and . irst President of Federal Democratic There are numerous feasts and Republic of Nepal and when King festivals that are attached to the historic Gyanendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev was evolution of Newa culture. Among the abdicated from the kingship, Newa festivals, Indra Jatra, Macchindranath community in Nepal faced a challenge Jatra, Khadgasidhi Jatra, Samayak Pooja to sustain traditional festivals that are the key festivals where presence had symbiotic relationship with the of Hindu king was mandatory. In the Hindu king for more than two hundred recent years of political change from years. Indra Jatra, Macchindranath Hindu kingdom to Federal Democratic Jatra, Khadgasidhi Jatra and Samayak Republic Country, traditional Newa are pooja are the major festivals to be concerned with transferring the king’s named. In this paper I have tried to roles to the Head of the State (President bring up some of the issues raised by of Nepal). There are two legitimate Newa community based on my inquiry concerns. and knowledge. However, there is no First, majority of traditional Newa  Dr. Narayan B. Rajbhandari political intention. regard king as an incarnation of God Historical evolution of Newa Vishnu. They believe that king would culture goes back to more than do no wrong and that his mighty power 250 years when the Newa king and would protect Nepal and its people. In his people (predominantly Newa) consequence, there are several spiritual developed social norms, values, and traditions that necessitated a presence First, majority of goals into a great civilization. During of Hindu king in their festivals. The traditional Newa regard this period Newa and monarchy seem to following rationales can be envisioned be inseparable like two sides of a coin. through their belief system. king as an incarnation of Many historic sites such as Buddhist • Indra Jatra is one of the important God Vishnu. They believe stupas, pagoda temples, durbar squares Jatras celebrated in Kathmandu, Nepal that king would do no of Kathmandu (Hanuman Dhokha), and is observed for a week, before the wrong and that his mighty Patan, and , including biggest Hindu festival Dashain. Like power would protect religious sites were built during the most festivals of Nepal, both Nepal and its people. In Newa dynasty periods. Predominantly, and Buddhist unite to celebrate the consequence, there are stupas were built during Kirat period; festival. The festival starts as a pole, temples and religious sites were built known as Linga or Yasingh, with a several spiritual traditions during Lichhavi period; and durbars lag on the top is erected at Hanuman that necessitated a were built during Malla period. These Dhoka area in order to regain goodwill presence of Hindu king sites are mainly located in Kathmandu of Indra, the god of rain. Classical in their festivals. The valley. Before Nepal’s emergence Newa dances such as Sawa Bhakku following rationales can be as a uniied nation in the latter half Bhairav, Lakhes, Nach, Pulukisi, envisioned through their of the 18th century, the designation Mahakali and Kathi Maka Nach take belief system. “Nepal” was largely applied only to the place around Hanuman Dhoka area. Kathmandu Valley. The name of the On the third day of the festival, the country itself is derived from the Newa. Living Goddess, popularly known as That is why Newa are popularly known "Kumari," is taken out in a procession as “Nepami,” which means the citizen of in a chariot for three days. During the Nepal in Newa language. They practice procession period, the Hindu king of Newa American Dabu 15 lzsfuf] g]jfM Nepal visits to worship the Goddess to Machhindranath festival at Jawalakhel, 5 years in Patan and Kathmandu. receive blessing and advice to protect Patan, he saw a giant wearing his vest. This is a Buddhist ceremony, also the country and its people. There The farmer then started a ight with the known as Illhane Samayak, when are several legends that tell how the giant. No one could win the ight. The one hundred Buddhist’s king began relationship with the ighting case went to the king for a inal are displayed in Nagbahal, Patan. Goddess Kumari. Most of the legends, settlement. The king also could not Tanbahal bashundahra Devi, Jattadhari however, tell of King Jayaprakash Malla make a decision; and lastly he decided Lokeshwore, Deepankar, Aarya Tara, (12th–17th century). According to the to offer it to Lord Machhindranath in Kirti are few to be named. most popular legend, a red serpent the midst of a huge gathering of local During this pooja the Hindu king is approached the king's meeting room people for safe keeping until someone involved once in every 50 years. The late one night as he played tripasa, a claimed it with evidence. Since then last event was celebrated on January dice game, with the goddess Taleju. the bhoto is displayed every year to 2002 at temple in The goddess came along every night to Nepalese people in presence of the king Kathmandu. During this event, the play the game with the condition that on the last day of the chariot procession Devout Buddhist sprinkles water on the king refrain from telling anyone in Patan. the king and washes his feet as he is about their meetings for the beneit • Khadgas iddhi festival the incarnation of Buddha, thereby of people and country. But one night (empowerment of the sword) is praying for world peace and comfort the king's wife followed him to his observed once in every 12 years for all living beings. In addition, it also chamber in order to ind out who the in Kathmandu during Dasain seeks the liberation of the living beings king was meeting so often. The king's (September-October). The exchange from misery to enlightenment. wife saw Taleju. The goddess was not of sword between the king and the God Secondly, no permissible rules and pleased with her exposure. She then Bhairava takes place during the early regulations have yet been justiied to warned the king that if he wanted to hours of the Vijayadashami in front address who shall lead the above king’s have her again to protect his country, of the Kashthamandapa. It is a three roles in the Newa traditions in coming he would have to search her among storied temple situated in Maru tole of years. Currently, it seems President, the Shakya (a Newa) family, where Kathmandu. It is one of the largest and Dr. Ram Baran Yadav, is leading the she would be incarnated as a virgin most noted pagodas of Nepal. The king’s roles as the head of the State. However, girl with a horoscope that would be sword or mula-khadga is brought by there are still some rumors within the complementary to the king's. Since the head of the palace’s administrative community on what would happen to then, the Hindu king seeks the blessing affairs to the Kashthamandapa and the traditions if the future president of Goddess Kumari at the festival of handed over to a particular person of disagrees to pursue the king’s roles. Indra Jatra every year. Buddhist cast Malakar, who performs In reality, besides Hinduism and • The chariot procession of the main Bhirava dance during the Buddhism there are several religious Machhendranath, a Hindu and Buddhist festival. Upon the arrival of the king, groups in Nepal such as Muslim and God, is the biggest event in Patan, Nepal the Malakar starts dancing along Christian. In a democratic practice and is observed for six weeks before with brandishing the royal sword and every citizen has a right to be President the monsoon season starts. At the end making it understood through his of Nepal. Therefore, it is logical to raise of the festival, the Hindu king pays gestures that he is conferring upon it a question - if a Nepali citizen from visit to Machhindranath to worship a very special power. He then stands up different religious group is elected to be the God for preventing drought in his on the Bhuteshvara stone to handover President of Nepal, will he or she accept country. Afterwards, he witnesses the the royal sword to the king. This the Hindu traditions? If no, should we God’s bhoto (a velvet vest embroidered exchange of sword between the king stop practicing the traditions? This is with jewels) with Nepalese people. and the Bhairava dancer is repeated indeed a vital question. Therefore, it Historically, it is believed that the bhoto three times with a very potent music is very urgent for all Newa to think was rewarded to a Baidya (herbal played by the Malakars. Thereafter it critically now and igure out possible physician) by Karkot Naga (king of is believed that the Nepali people and and permanent solution for a continuity serpents) for curing the eye ailment of the kingdom are under a very special of Newa traditions for good. Otherwise, his beloved Queen. But the Baidya lost protection. the traditions are in danger of being the bhoto while working in his ield. A • Samayak pooja is observed vanished.  year later when he went to attend the during winter season once in every

16 Newa American Dabu lzsfuf] g]jfM

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Newa American Dabu 17 lzsfuf] g]jfM

18 Newa American Dabu lzsfuf] g]jfM

a r y a h c a r m a K r a d e n h e G d n a , t i a p j a r a P j u a R , a h t s r e h S a r y u S f o y e s t r u c o s t o o h P

Newa American Dabu 19 lzsfuf] g]jfM

Best Wishes from Prakash Moktan Financial Advisor World Equity Group, Inc. 1650 N. Arlington Heights Rd. Suite 100 Arlington Heights, IL 60004 Ph # 630-699-2348 Member FINRA/ SIPC Email: [email protected] If you have any questions or concerns about your 401k’s, IRA’s, College Saving Plans, Insurances, Investments or any related matters, call/email me for a con�dential advice.

20 Newa American Dabu lzsfuf] g]jfM

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u" ch" rfofk'u' v“ – Gx" r]tgf, ljrfM, z}nL j k|jfx HjgfM :yflkt 5h"Dx slj cfgGb hf]zL sljtfof d'Qm cfsfz+ xfOs'of clts+ x] kl/ldt ;+/rgfo\ Gx\ o+sM jMu' b' . cy]nf sljtfo\ JofVof ljj/0f ljj]rgfoft x] ckfo\ ;s+ yfo\ bOdv', laDa j k|ltsof nFk' HjgfM kmof+kmSj Dxf] vFUjn+ hLjgof AofSs+ |w'j dlwsdL{ cg'e"lt, yMu' ljrfM j ljifoof ;Gbe{oft 5fo\ lkofM Ajo] km'u' x] sljtfof ;jf{ ]Rrtf vM, Yjof Dx;Lsf vM . cy] vM;f+ sljtfo\ cg'e"lt j cfu|xoft dfMsy+of yfo\ Go+s]km' t/ y'sy+ Go+sf o+s]u' ;+efjgf j cf}lrTo d'Qms, xfOs', tf+sf j rf]sf yHofMu' lrw+u' yf;fof /rgfo\ bOdv' . 5u" sy+of lglZrt ;+/rgf, cfsf/k|sf/ j vFUjof NofMrfM vgf yMt Gx\ o+s]dfMu'ln+ ofgfM yHofMu' ljwfo\ rsgfRjg]u' ;+ +efjgf db'u' vM . yMu' ljrf/ cfu|x j cg'e"lt Gx\oAjo]t Rjldlk+t ;flxToof 5' + g 5u" ljwf dxfgu/of Jo:ttf, dfM;f+ plk+ 5u" x] ljwfo\ Gx\ ofan] + tSogfRjgL dv' . plk+ 5' + g 5' + tfMxfM–lrxfM pna'n ;Mof lj:kmf]6 ljwfo\ yMt yLyL sy+ Gx\oAjo]t ;gfRjlg . 5u" x] hs ljwfo\ yMt ;bf+ j ef}lts ;+/rgf by'O so\s' +sf dRj+;] plk+ ljwfo\ lxpkfM xofM jf ljwf x] xLsf yMt Gx"sy+ Gx\oAjo]u' ;fdfGo dg"t tgfRj+u' b', s'tM ofgfRjgL, Yj 5u" k|j[lQ vM, k|of]u g+ vM yMt u'sy+ l5+ Ajo]u' s'tMof . GXoOk'sfRj+u' b' . u'Dx+l;g+ Yj x] k|j[lQof b;' vM slj cfgGb hf]zLof xfOs' RjHof . …lj:yflkt lh lh ;'v j u'Dxl;g+ tgfj jf dv'Ú j …sf] ;Njx+Ú sljtfd'gf lnkf slj hf]zLof :j+u"u' ;km" sy+ …vF Uj ;LdfxLg b'Mvof cg'e"lt ofgfRj+u' b', ;LdfxLg lhÚ xfOs' d'gf lkb+u' b' . y'u' d'gfo\ slj hf]zLof ;l5 j 5k' xfOs' b' . y'lk+ xfOs'of k[i7e"ld b];+ t/ >i6f+ cHofan] g+ d] lklgu' lkg]of cfw'lgstf j ;DkGgtf+ hfMu' zx/of yLyL ;Gbe{ vM . y'sL b'YofMu' ldvfo\ dnfu' t/ hLjgof cfkn+ xfOs' cd]l/sfo\ RjgfRj+ano\ Rjof tMu' b' . yg slj hf]zL+ + xfOs' 5u" dxTjk"0f{ nFk' j dfu' vF RjHofof lnpg] 5' b' wOu' j uHofMu' kl/j]z+ Wjft wOu' Sog]t k]h klts+ tfo\sfRj+u'b' . yg af]lwj[If :jfk' b'u' lskft g Ajoflapu' b' . yLyL n", emfsf j plsof lnRjn+ x] sljlk+t kfv] hLjgo\ k|s[ lt j zflGt sfJofg'ej h'Ou' vM . lskfo\ vg] b'u' n'of lnpg] cfkfn+ ljifo ;'nfRj+u' bO . dfu' vF af]w ofs'u' b' . psL lskf gfk+ j sfJofg'ejof tKo+s :jfk' dbo] g+ km' . yg laoftMu' u'ln g lskfof k|efj+ Rjldlk+t yHofMu' /rgf Rjsn nf wsfM Ajldlk+ ch" g+ rfo]km' . dxfgu/o\ hLjgoft dfu'DjfMu' Gx\ofDxl;g+ g+ ;bf+ vgfRj+u' n' j 36gf ;fdfGo h'O . t/ cHofMu' ;fdfGo ;stf+ rLh b';f+ af] lwj[ [If db'u' n' j emfsf :jo]ano\ uan] + uan] + ch" rfofk'u' ljrfMt g+ g'uno\ n'ofjo] oM . zfZjt ;To SogfAo"u' b' . Rjldlk+;+ psy+of lnRjMoft yMu' l;h{gfof ljifosy+ NoofsfOu' vM . sljof Gxfkf+u' xfOs' yy] vM dxfgu/ 5] + 5] +, nF, ;Mof x'n

Newa American Dabu 21 lzsfuf] g]jfM af]lwj[If Uj < -!_ j+u', r]tgfoft SjTon] ]u' s'tM h'ofRj+u', dxfgu/of Jo:ttf, pna'n ;Mof lj:kmf]6 j ef}lts ;+/rgf by'O ;fdfGo cf:yft WjlUugf j+u', ljb| f]x+ Dx't' rfo]s] dg"t tgfRj+u' b', Gx\oOk'sfRj+u' b' . u'Dxl;g+ ;'v j u'Dxl;g+ tgfj jf b'Mvof dkm'u', ef}lts ljsf;of nFk'O dfgjLo cg'e"lt ofgRj+u' b', t/ >i6f+ cHofMu' Ono\ g+ d]lklgu' ldvfo\ dnfMu' t/ d" j dfGotf a'n'x+ ' tgfjgfRj+u' cflb hLjgof 5u" dxTjk"0f{ nFk' j dfMu' vF tfo]sfRj+u' b' . yg af]lwj[If kfv] hLjgo\ hLjgof cfkfn+ l:ylt j ;Gbe{oft k|s[lt j zflGt dfMu' vF af]w ofs"u' b' . dxfgu/o\ hLjgoft dfMu' DjfMu' ;stf+ sofM y'lk+ xfOs' RjoftMu' vM . rLh b';f+ + af]lwj[ [If db'u' zfZjt ;To Sogf lapu' b' . slj hf]zL+ k|fs[lts j ;fdflhs laDa j k|ltskfv] + yf} +of O{oft, plsof jf djM yf} + g+ lnRjMoft ;+j]lbt ofMu' b' . /]nt nFo\ kmf]x/of u' F u' F jofRj+u' jgfRj+u' Kn]6kmfd{ z"Gotfkfv] + lxdfn lhNn -@#_ lkHjo] dkm'u' ;Moft xfOs' $$o\ s'nftMu' b' . jgljgfz+ ofgfM emL;+ kmo] O{ jn, jg dfnfRj+u' ljklQ j dfgjLo cl:tTjo\ xM :jfF g+ db' l;dfo\ Gx\o;Mlr+ ygftMu' k|;+uoft xfOs' ckfË Xo"kf -^#_ ^)no\ Gx\oAjoftMu' b' . cTofw'lgs hLjgz}nL xgfRj+;f+ g e"tk| ]t y] +HofMu' k|of]uzfnfo\ k'/ftg vFo\ emLu' ;f]r py] + h'ofRj+u', l8= Pg= P= 5\ ofnAofn pls cfts g+ b'Uos+ lxpkfM djMu' j GXok'of v]n -%!_ emLu' hLjgo\ :jt'dt' :jofRj+u' vFoft y'lk+ xfOs' + fs[k| lts, ;f+:s[lts, ;fdflhs j lj1fg;Ddt vFoft so\ RofgfRj+u' xfOs' !)) o\ ofpFs AjoftMu' b' . b' . zx/Ls/0fof lj;+ult, jftfj/0fLo k|b"if0f, ;fdflhs vnanL, ;dofefj, v'l;of knfM x] nM –()_, vt+ gMu' hLjgof lg/y{stf, Djfo]t dg"to\;+ yMt x] ldMdfu' l:ylt, lxnfjgfRj+u' t/ O{ -*&_, Vo' F yMs] JofKt -*$_, z"Goof pls+ u'u' + g+ lnRjM aL dkm'u', :jtGqtfof cfu|x, rs+, 5v] ;DkGgtfof Rjsfo\ xTof -&(_, czQm lgef -&_, nMb' ult YogfRj+u' b';f d]v] e't'lnO ld dRofMu' cj:yf, ljsf;of ttMw+u' vF t/ Hof b' -!(_, xf ljgfof :jf+ -@%_, l/t' Fo\ j] wfM;f l;Gsf afk' x] Tjy'n] dkm'u', yMu' Hof k'jg]j+ lnkmM d:jo]u' k|j[lQ, k|s[ltoft rfn -#)_, af]g;fO lh -#&_, lxpkfM TjMtfM dg"t s[lqdtfo\ Gx\ oOk'sfRj+u', hLjgof Jofkstf :jof+ af]g;fOkfv] Wofg VjMn -^^_, Djfo]t cft'/ xM-^&_ cflb cfkfn+ laDakfv] + slj hf]zL+ hLjg j k|s[ltof tMtflh VjfMkfM Ajoflapu' b' . yf}+sGxo\of hLjgln;] + k|s[ltof :jfk", jftfj/0fLo k|b"if0f j lxpkfn+ dfgjLo hLjgo\ nfsLu' k|efj j cfMof hLjgz}nL u'ln kfM wOu' ;/f]sf/oft y'lk+ xfOs'to\ ;+ n]x] +k'ofM toflapu' b' . C Cuhn ljwfo\ hs bsno\ lnkf+u' Happy New Year ‰jno\ Rjld+ yMu' gf+ jf lagf+oft Nepal Sambat 1132 ljifogfk+ ;fGble{s h'Osy+ 5\onLu' ofM;f xfOs'no\ g+ psy+ yMu' gf+ 5\onfM 5u" k|of]u Yj xfOs' d'gfo\ ofgftMu' b' . yg 5\ofntMu' vFUj cfgGb hf]zLoft yLyL ;Gbe{ j

22 Newa American Dabu lzsfuf] g]jfM ljifono\ Gx\oAjo]u' ;fy{s s'tM b' . ljwfut Dx;Lsf tgfjgL, xfOs' wsfM RjMu' d'Qms h"jg]km' jf sljtf wsfM y'u' d'gfo\ b'u' cfkfn+ xfOs' kf/Dkl/s RjMu' afv+ h"jg]km' . yf;fo\ tofM RjoftMu' b' . cy];f+ t/ xfsg+ 5tf ljrfM ofo] axMu' vF 5' wfM;f ;bf+ 5u" x] yf;fo\ Rjgf hLjgo\ jMu' tMw+u' lxpkfMoft y'Os]t Gx\ofan] + j x] Vjfkf k'ofM Djfo]u' jf Djfo] kmOu' yf} +of cj:yf g+ dvo] w' +sn . xfOs'no\ ljifoof JoflKt, ;+/rgfo\ 5' + y'lsof cy{ yf;f x] xLs]u' jf 5kfM VjfMkfM KjnfM d]u' VjfMkfM 5'Ou' g+ kfo\l5 lxpkfM j sljtftTj g+ bo]dfMu' yHofMu' dv', yMu' Dx;Lsf j kxMoft No+sfM ;+/rgfo\ Gx"wfM j Gx"kxMoft b'YofsfM vFo\ rrf{ j ax; ofo] kmOu' cj:yfof Djfo]u' 5' + g+ ljwfoft Yj 5u" xfYof vM . yHofMu' xfYof bsno\ cKjM xfOs' nflu+ slj hf]zL+ + y'sL yMu' ljrfM g+ yHofMu' lrw+ ;+/rgfTds yf;f b'u' ljwfoft jMu' b' . y'u' xfYofoft xfrf+ ufo]t Kj+sftMu' b' . g]jfM ef;fo\ Rjof xofRj+u' xfOs'of VoM tAof ofo]t yf} + cfkfn+ Rjldlk+ xfOs' Vono\ sljtf, afv+, lgaGw, Gx" ljwfsy+ xfOs'oft df}lnstf aLt uhn ljwfoflk+ ;f}/e zfSo, ljdn tfd|fsf/, s[i0feQm af]8], s[i0fdf]xg hf]zL, j Yjof :j?kof lg?k0fof nflu+ g+ e"if0fk|;fb >]i7, O{Zj/Ld}of“ >]i7, ;'wL/ Vjla, bof v8uL, ab| L a]bgflk+ b'xf+ Rjldof cledt ;sf/fTds tfo]s]df . jofRj+u' b' . xfOs'of Dx;Lsf jf Yjof cl:tTj sljtfof rs+ yf;f TjMtfM xfOs'of :jemf]no\ lem+Gxo\uM cfvM b'g] yMt GofuM Gxo\uM j GofuM vFUjof 5u" Gx\o+sfjMDx slj hf]zLof xfOs' + g]jf ;flxToo\ Gx"kxMof xfOs'of gfk+ 5u" ljjfb ;+/rgf vM . gfk+ qm't'af]w ofOu' lsuf] j ax;oft g+ ygflapu' b' ' . d]tf vF 5' wfM;f 5' + g ljwfoft ysfo]t j yMt dbo]s dufM wOu' 5u" dfGotf vM :yflkt ofo]t yHofMu' /rgfTds ax;of tMw+u' NxfM bO . xfOs' . 5' + g ljwfof yMu' Dx;Lsf cg'e"ltof r/d If0fof sljtf vM xfOs' wsfM slj cfgGb hf]zL+ jf plsof ;+/rgfof la:s+ kxM bO, xfOs'oft kl/eflift hs ofgftMu' dv' ls u'ln g+ xfOs' nf lrxfMu' sljtf jf yMu' Dx;Lsf jf kxMoft ;+ejtM :o+s] af]g;fO sljtf h"u' g vg]b';f lsuf]of yfo\ j ?koft Gx"wfM aLu', cfvMUjMoft dlhp jf ljwfut yf;foft 5' + g 5' + lns' +sf dto]u' cflb k/Dk/f xfrf+ ufo]u' Rjldof xfYofoft ax;of ljifo ofo]dfMu' sy+ No+sf to]dfM . cy] dh'n wfM;f vgf . 

Newa American Dabu 23 lzsfuf] g]jfM

Happy New Year Happy New Year Nepal Sambat 1132 Nepal Sambat 1132 C J Rajesh, Rohini, Ruby, Rosie, and Rojan Shrestha Woodbridge, Virginia

8265 Golf Road, 398 W. Armytrail Rd. #116, Niles, IL 60714 Bloomingdale, IL 60108

3747 Grand Ave, Gurnee, IL 60031

24 Newa American Dabu lzsfuf] g]jfM

 Shradha Kamal Tamrakar

he Himalayan country of Nepal is not only the land Tof many mountain peaks, but also of many gods and goddesses. Unique among them is the living goddess Kumari Devi, a deiied young girl. Most tourists in Kathmandu hope to have a glimpse of her when she appears for a short moment in a window of the palace of Kumari Bahaa (Kumari chhen or Kumari house), where she lives. Kumari is considered as a Hindu goddess in Nepal. The word kumari literally means virgin in . She is a beautiful little girl with black hair and dark eyes. She must always dress in red, wear her hair in a topknot and have a painted third eye just above the two natural eyes. She is worshipped by millions of Nepalese including the head of the state of Nepal. As Subhamoy Das states in his internet article “Kumari Devi and the Indrajatra festival”, every year during the autumn festival of Indrajata, Kumari rides in the decorated chariot during a religious procession through the streets of Kathmandu. The festival lasts for four days. Kumari blesses the head of the state in keeping with the tradition in which the irst king of the Shah dynasty received a blessing from the living Goddess. As Bishnu KC illustrates in his internet article “Kumari – The living goddess”, the predominance of Art By the Kumari culture is more distinctly evident among the Newar community Shrasta Tayo Tamrakar inside Kathmandu valley. The festival of the living Kumari is relatively recent, dating back only to the 18th century AD. The concept of the “Virgin Goddess” was introduced during the reign of King , the last Nepalese king of in Kathmandu. There are several stories about how the Kumari current cult of the Kumari began. Most of these lead back to the King Jaya Prakash Malla and Goddess Taleju (Kumari is considered an incarnation of Goddess Taleju). According to legend, King Jaya Prakash Malla had intercourse The Living with a pre-pubescent girl who later died as a result. The king overcome with guilt began having dreams that he must begin to search for young incarnation of Taleju. To do penance for his actions, he must then worship the Kumari and Goddess of ask for her blessing each year. Shakya a resident of Katmandu points out in her article “Shree Kumari Maju” that to honor the Goddess, a Kumari is selected from the Shakya Nepal caste (silver and goldsmiths) of the Nepalese Newa community at the age of

Newa American Dabu 25 lzsfuf] g]jfM four to seven. She must possess all the and installed in her royal divine chambers. Some former Kumaris argued that thirty two characteristics of physical those were the days of imprisonment inside the small palace. Most of the days and mental perfection. Her skin must are taken up by religious services, which take place in inner chambers. In her free be blemish-free, she must have black time, of which she has little, she can play with a few selected playmates indoors, hair and eyes, not lost any teeth, a away from sunlight, in rooms with curtains hung. After playing God for ten years body like a banyan tree, eyelashes like or so, she will be uncomfortable in a normal society, uneducated, and probably a cow, thighs like a deer, chest like a will never marry. Parents too have little use for a post-Kumari daughter who lion, and soft voice clear as a duck’s. may as well have dropped into the household from another planet with no social The girl is also observed for signs of skills, no experience of domesticity, no education, and no prospects of inding serenity and fearlessness and her a husband. Anita Shakya (a former Kumari) says in her interview published by horoscope is examined to ensure that Kantipur daily “After all these years, I still can not cross the road by myself. I it is complementary to the King’s. The can not relate to crowds, I shut myself out at family gatherings as I ind I have Kumari’s godhood comes to an end nothing to say. The only time I feel some measure of security is when I am alone. with her irst menstruation, because I have grown accustomed to silence.” it is believed that on reaching puberty However, the concept of Kumari is worthy in today’s society which teaches the Kumari turns human. people to respect young girls virginity, as child abuse especially of young girls During my childhood, I was curious are increasing in the Nepalese society. It is important to retain the traditions about a cute girl “Kumari”, who was like Kumari where young girl’s virginity is respected and which can help to worshipped by everybody as a Goddess. Kumari must have remarkable qualities decrease social crime like sexual abuse. In order to reconcile a little girl’s right as she spends her childhood as a with the need to protect a national tradition, the government of Nepal should pay Goddess for six to eight years in the attention to Kumari’s social status and education. The government should make Kumari house. Recently, some people arrangements for Kumari’s education and livelihood. The home environment have begun questioning the tradition, should be provided to Kumari so that after completion of her term, she can begin arguing that this once-prestigious a normal life in the outside world. They also have the right to marry and have custom is a violation of human rights. children as others. Therefore, new and additional facilities should be provided The girl is practically taken away from to present and past Kumaris by the society and the government to ensure her family, declared a living Goddess, preservation of this indispensable part of our national culture. 

/fwfs[i0f >]i7 j kl/jf/ lzsfuf], cd]l/sf

26 Newa American Dabu lzsfuf] g]jfM kmo\u+ ;'yo\ ;'yo\ rfM lxpjg]ano\ pls+ nf yMu' g'uno\ b'g] cKjM wOy] + b]uno\ lh+ vgf yMt ofgftMu' zf]if0f cGofo g+ kmo\u+t vfgftMu' lalnlaln hfo] w' +sfM g+ 5rfMv]/+ b]uno\ ;M lkHjo]s] k' mu' dv' km;+ hs Gofo]sLu' h'ofRjg yf} + lh kDx'Og kmo\ djMtn] yf} + lh tHofOg ;M x] lkdHjOu' h'ofRjg yf} + lh t;s+ d'OTo+u' b' yMt' + Gofo] dkmOu' h'ofRjg lh nf kmut kmo\u+ ;M to\u' clwsf/kfv] + km;+ x] lhtM ltaM aL Gofo]t k|bLk cf/= t'nfw/ jl~rt h'ofRj+u' vgfM kmo\ djo]s lh Gofo] k" mu' dv' kmo\u+ lh yf} +of Gx\ofan] + d]lklgu' lnw+;fo\ kmut lh nf kmo\u+ lh Gof x] GofM;f+ DjfgfRj+u' vgf yMu' clwsf/kfv] + jl~rt lhu' lrptfM tODx ;' < wfo]t nf yg nf]stGq lh kDx'Og kmo\u+ h"u'ln+ x] jo] w' +sn wofRjg lh tHofOg lhtM yf} ljZjf; ofODx ;' < yMt kfo\l5 dh"u' v“o\ co\g+ lh nf ;'Ds x] Rjg]dfMu' b' . lh d'Og ;M to]k' m wofRjg d]lklgu' lnw+;fo\ hs DjfgfRjgfu' b' . lh kDx'Og kmut lh yf} + wfy] + lh nf l;k{ m kmo\u+ lh l;k{ m kmo\u+ b]uMof kmo\u+ h'ofRjg km;+ x] lhtM Gofs] k' m lhu' ;M GolgDx ;' <

ह  द ँ न े सं ११३२ या लसताय सकल न े पा:ििमपत

Happy New Year

सबधर त ुलाधर व परवार

शकागो , अमेरका

Newa American Dabu 27 lzsfuf] g]jfM

Happy New Year Happy New Year Nepal Sambat 1132 Nepal Sambat 1132

U Happy New Year Nepal Sambat 1132

28 Newa American Dabu lzsfuf] g]jfM

epalese culture, rich as it is, is also blessed with its own Nsophisticated but very effective alphabets. Since ancient times Nepal has had a number of scripts (sets of alphabets) to express in writing the language of Nepal, the Newa Bhaye (nowadays called Nepal Bhasha and also Newari). A number of ancient and not so ancient books which have utilized the various Nepalese scripts can be found preserved in libraries around the world, especially in the UK, the USA, Japan, , and Nepal. These books indicate the extensive Dr. Manoranjan N. Dhaubhadel use of the Nepal alphabets during the past one thousand years. Some of the alphabets were also spotted in monasteries and temples in countries as far as Japan. In the Malla era, Nepal Bhasha was the Nine Nepalese scripts of�cial language and the people’s language. Today, it is the language have been extensively of Newa people, the indigenous people of Kathmandu valley. The used in the Nepal Bhasha Nepal alphabets served well to expose the richness of Nepal Bhasha. literature. These are For special features of Nepal Bhasha vis-à-vis other languages like Ranjana, currently popular English, French, Hindi, and Nepali, the reader is referred to Nepal Nepal Bhasha script, Lipi Guthi, Kathmandu. The Guthi’s regular publications provide Bhujinmol (Bhujin = fly, mol = alphabets), Kunmol excellent coverage on both the alphabets and the language. (Kun = smoke), Kwenmol Nine Nepalese scripts have been extensively used in the (Kwen = bone), Golmol (Gol = Nepal Bhasha literature. These are Ranjana, currently popular Nepal spherical), Pachumol (Pachu = Bhasha script, Bhujinmol (Bhujin = �y, mol = alphabets), Kunmol axe handle), Hinmol (Hin (Kun = smoke), Kwenmol (Kwen = bone), Golmol (Gol = spherical), = a kind of strong flavored Pachumol (Pachu = axe handle), Hinmol (Hin = a kind of strong spice), and Litumol (Litu �avored spice), and Litumol (Litu = following). Ranjana and currently = following). Ranjana and currently popular Nepal popular Nepal Bhasha alphabets are more popular these days. Given Bhasha alphabets are more below are the Ma Aakha (Vowels, sixteen in number) and Ba Aakha popular these days. (Consonants, thirty six in number) of these alphabets along with their English and counterparts (Courtesy: Nepal Alphabets by Hemraj Shakyavansha):

Newa American Dabu 29 lzsfuf] g]jfM

jfuLZj/ :d/0ff]Rrf/0f\

E Ai O Au Am Am Ah

E Ai O Au Am Am Ah

It is only natural that any self-respecting Nepali would like to use This article is reprinted from Nepalese script. Two hundred years of suppression of Nepal Bhasha an earlier publication in Dabu, forced on us a borrowed script which we can not claim to be our own. Newsletter of Nepa Pasa Pucha of America, October 1992. Now that we have democracy in Nepal, perhaps it is time that we expand the use of our own alphabets of Nepal. 30 Newa American Dabu lzsfuf] g]jfM

jfM :jfoQ /fHoof 3f]if0ff g]jfMto\;+ cfts Gx\ofsf jofRj+u' cfGbf]ngof g]5u" pTsif{ vM . g]jfMto\;+ Nx\jgf jofRj+u' yLyL d'2fof t'ngfo\ g]jfM :jfoQ /fHoof ;'lglZrttf cfGbf]ngof dfuof Nofv+ g+ RjGx\ofM . cy]x] y'u' dfuoft :yflkt ofo]u' lg+lt+ ljz]iftM !!#) kf]x]nfYj ( - @)^^ k'; !! _ of o] “of bz/y /+uzfnfo\ h"u' g]jfM :jfoQ /fHo 3f]if0ff Hof‰jno\ g]jfMto\ ;xeflutfof Nofv+ g+ plnx] Gx\oyg] axM . 5v], Yj cfGbf]ngo\ u'ln g]jfMto\;+ Ajlt sfMu' vM cfts pHjMu' ckf/ hg;xeflutf u'u' + g]jfM Hof‰jno\ h"u' db'lg . d]v], y'u' Hof‰jno\ u'sy+ km'Ss /fhgLlts bn, g]jfM ;d'bfo, vnM k'rn+ Ajlt sfn cy] ;j{;Ddtof l:ylt g]jfM cfGbf]ngo\ u'A;+ :jo] g+ dv+lg, Gog] g+ db' . cn], d]u' oyfy{ 5' vM wfM;f Yjx] cfGbf]ngkfv] + /fhgLlts bjfj – dNn s]= ;'Gb/ >[hgf h"u'ln+ ofgfM ;+ljwfg;efof /fHo k'gM;+/rgf ;ldltkfv] + yMu' cjwf/0ff nMNxfMano\ ;+3Lo g]kfMof lg+lt+ k|:tfljt lem+Kou" k|b]z dWo] 5u" g]jfM k|b]z b'Yofs]t jfWo h"u' vM . vt' +, /fHo k'gM;+/rgf ;ldltkfv] + k|:tfljt g]jfM k|b]zof ;LdfÍgoft sofM d'Ss+ g]jfMto\ ;xdlt db' . :jlguMof :j+u" lhNnf, sfe] |of ef] “t, wf}VoM j k+lGt gu/kflnsfof gfkgfk+ dsjfgk'/of lrTnfË j ah|jf/fxL uflj;oft g+ b'Yofsf tMu' b' . k|b]zof ef}uf]lns nfuf, k|fs[lts >f]tof pknAwtf j hg3gTjof jf:tjo\ lkg]of g]jfMto\ Nofv+ k|:tfljt g]jfM k|b]zof k|:tfljt ;LdfÍg j}1flgs g+ dh" cn] Gofof]lrt by' O AjngfRj+u' y'sy+of g+ dv' . bsno\ dxTjk"0f{ v“ Yo+dYo+ lgåMb“ Gx\oj+lg;] + g]jfM ;Eotf j ;+:s[ltgfk lrptfM ulDe/ vM . b]o\of :jfgfRj+u' g]kfnd08nof P]ltxfl;s lg/Gt/tf j oyfy{oft y'u' ;LdfÍgof s' +s'nfdo\ YogfRj+ lk cfkfn+ k|:tfj+ 5lt+ ;Ddfg ofMu' vg]db' . pls+ ;sn g]jfMto\;+ g]jfM k|b]zof ;DjGwo\ cfMkfM g]jfMt sGxo\ g]jfM ;LdfÍgoft sofM Gx" sy+ Aoj:yf h'OdfM wsfM ;Mtof jofRj+u' b' . :jfoQ /fHo gL:jg] w' +sfM cy]nf, Yj Ono\ ;+ljwfg;efkfv] + Ono\ ;+ljwfg Rjo]u' Hofofo]kmO jf dkmO < g]jfM /fHoof gful/s g+ dv' /fHoof k'gM;+/rgf h'O jf dh'O < g]kfM ;+3Lotfo\ jg] kmO jf dkmO wOu' slk{ lgu' /fHoof gful/s g+ v“o\ yLyL cfz+sf AjngfRj+u' b' . ;+3Lotfo\ jg]u' Hof h";f+ hftLo, eflifs dv' sy+ clwsf/ ljxLg, j P]ltxfl;s Dx;Lsfof lnw+;fo\ k|b]z gL:jg]u' Hof h'O jf dh'O wOu'lnO ;xeflutf j k| ltlglwTjof Toflhs yy]x] wfo]kmofRj+u' db' . t/, emL g]jfMto\;+ nf]stflGqs u0ftGq j ;' lglZrttf ljxLg cj:yfo\ ;+3Lotf cn] g]jfM :jfoQ /fHooft yf} +of g]jfM cfGbf]ngof d" cfh' bo]sfM h' Ou' h'n wfM;f g]jfM :jfoQ Gx\oHofo] w' +s"u'ln+ y'u' cfh'O dYo+tn] emLu' knfM bLu' v“ db' . ;xL cy{o\ /fHo gL:jg wsfM no\tfMdfMu' g]jfMto\ d" cfGbf]ng psy+ x] Gx\ofgfRj+u' h'n . x] 5fo < kfo\l5 Yjx] Ono\ g]jfM :jfoQ /fHoof ;DjGwo\ ljz]iftM :jlguMlkg]of g]jfMto\ by'O yLyL cfz+sf j Gx\o;M AjngfRj+u' b' . cn], c:ki6tf, c;'/Iffof cg'ej ofgfRj+lk+ cfkfn+ g]jfMto\;+ x] g]jfM :jfoQ /fHo :yfkgfoft sofM

Newa American Dabu 31 lzsfuf] g]jfM d]sy+of larfM Gx\oMg] xofRj+u' b' . :jlguMlkg]of g]jfMto\;+ yMu' larfMto]u' l:ylt jOu' vMnf wOu' UofMlrs' vM . ‰jno\ g]jfM :jfoQ /fHo gL:jg]u' ;DjGwo\ c;Gtf]if j c;xdlt Sog]u' hs Gx\ofyfo\Rj+;f ef}lts, cfly{s hs dv' dv' lj/f]w ofo]u' ts+ ofgfRj+u' b' . jf:tjo\ Yj clts+ ulDe/ v“ vM . y'lsoft z}lIfs cj:yfo\ g+ Gx\oMg] nfgfM :yfgLo Ono\ x] vM sy+ Ho+s]dfM, dv';f y'ls+ g]jfM :jfoQ /fHo clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ;dfho\ k|lti7f gfk+ g]t[Tj sofRj+lk+ ofo]u' cfGbf]ngo\ tKos+ dv'u' lnRjM nfs]km' . g]jfMt ;+3Lotf jo]j+ pHjMu' cj:yf+ bsno\ Gxfkf+ y'Os]dfMu' v“ vM, k|:tfljt g]jfM k|b]zof ef}uf]lns nfuf b'g] Ro"t h'OdfnLu' hs+ vMnf, Yj d]u' d'Ss+ g]jfMto\ NofM dWo] s]jn $(=* k|ltzt hs b'YofM . t/, g]jfM k|b]zl;a] + cfz+sf vM . pls;g+ ugug g]jfMto\;+ lkg] ] Yjl;a] + pKjM %!=@ k|ltztof NofM b', cy] wOu' ax'dt g]jfMt k|:tfljt yMu' jl:t ljsf;oft cg ahf/Ls/0f g]jfM k|b]z+ lkg] . pls+ g]jfM k|b]zlkg]of g]jfMt wOu'of cy{ vM ;+VofTds Nofv+ ofgfo+s"u' hs dv' pu' yfo\of k|ult ax'dt . g]jfM /fHoof ;'lglZrttf+ cgb'g]of g]jfMto\ :jzf;g j :jfoQtfof ofo]u'lnO g+ cu|0fL e"ldsf lDxt]u' Hof clwsf/of ;'lglZrt h'O wOu' kl/sNkgf vM;f g]jfM k|b]zl;a] + lkg] ax'dtof g]jfMto\;+ ;seg+ ofgfjofRj+u' b' . Nofvo\ b'lk+ g]jfMto\;+ yMlklgu' ;+j}wflgs x}lifot 5' vM wsfM ;/f]sf/ Sog]u' ;+3Lo /fHo jo]w' +sfM yMyMu' P]ltxfl;s nfufo\ ;DjlGwt ;d'bfokfv] + cu|flwsf/ pkef]u ofOano\ g]jfMto\;+ :yfgLo Yj ‰jno\ Gxfkf+ :ki6 h' OdfMu' v“ wOu' ;+3Lotf j hftLo :jfoQ ljsf;of lg+lt+ g]kfMGo+sof yLyL yf;o\ /fHoof ;DjGwo\ vM . g]kfMof ;+rf/ dfWodofkfv] + ofgfRj+u' unt RjgfM g]jfMto\;+ ofgfjMu' s'tMof sb/ ;"rgf k|jfx cn] lhDd]jf/ /fhgLlts kf6L{ j g]tfto\;+ Yj ;DjGwo\ /fhgLlts ?k+ h'O jf dh'O, Yj g+ Kj+sf jofRj+u' e|dk"0f{ larfMof sf/0f+ d"nt ;j{;fwf/0f dg"to\ g'uno\ pT;'stf vg] b' . lgu" k|efj af+dnfs nfgfRj+u' b' . Yj ‰jno\ Gxfkf+ :ki6 h'OdfMu' v“ wOu' ;+3Lotf j hftLo :jfoQ :jefljs vM . yy] ax'dt g]jfMt efjL g]jfM :jfoQ k|b]zof cjwf/0ff jf /fHoof ;DjGwo\ vM . g]kfMof ;+rf/ k|:tfj ;DjGwo\ ;xdt dh'Os+ g]jfM k|b]zof cf}lrTo dbOu' hs dv;] + plsof dfWodofkfv] + ofgfRj+u' unt ;"rgf ;+rfngo\ ;+efjgf g+ dbo]km' . bsno\ larfM ofo]dfMu' kIf Yjx] vM . k|jfx cn] lhDd]jf/ /fhgLlts kf6L{ j g]jfM :jfoQ k|b]zoft sofM lkg]of g]jfMto\; d"ntM Nx\jgfRju' ljifo wOu' g]tfto\;+ Yj ;DjGwo\ Kj+sf jofRj+u' g]jfM k|b]z lgdf{0f h'O w' +sfM pld;+ g]jfM k|b]z b'g] k|fKt ofo]bOu' 5' < g]jfM e|dk"0f{ larfMof sf/0f+ d"nt ;j{;fwf/0f k|b]zo\ Rj+lk+ g]jfMto\ lg+lt+ :jfoQtf j :jzf;gof clwsf/ pkef]u ofo] b' y] + dg"to\ g'uno\ lgu" k|efj af+dnfs g]jfM k|b]z+ lkg] d]u' hftLo /fHoof gful/s sy+ Djfo]dfnLlk+ g]jfM ;d'bfoof nfgfRj+u' b' . g]jfMto\ by'O g+ :jefljs xs, clwsf/ j k|ltlglwTjof ;'lglZrttf u'sy+ h'O < ?k+ y'u' unt k|efj psy+ x] b' . 5tf jf:tjo\ lkg]of g]jfMto\ by'O AjngfRj+u' y'sy+of lrptfM ulDe/ vM . v“, ;+3Lotf+ b]o\of Pstfoft AjynL . b]o\of s'+s'nfdo\ YogfRj+lk cfkfn+ cfMkfM g]jfMt sGxo\ g]jfM :jfoQ /fHo /fli6«otfoft sdhf]/ bo]sL . ;+3Lotfof gL:jg] w' +sfM g]jfM /fHoof gful/s g+ dv' slk{lgu' /fHoof gful/s g+ dv' sy+ cy{ b]o\oft yLyL s'rfo\ s'rf ynLu' clwsf/ ljxLg, ;xeflutf j k|ltlglwTjof ;'lglZrttf ljxLg cj:yfo\ h'Ou' vM . jf:tjo\ Yj g]kfMof ;+rf/ dfWodt h'n wfM;f g]jfM :jfoQ /fHo gL:jg wsfM no\tfMdfMu' x] 5fo < bsno\ Gxfkf+ j /fhgLlts j[Qkfv]+ ofgfjofRj+u' y'Os]dfMu' v“, y'HjMu' lrptfMof lnpg] ;'nfRj+u' lkg]of g]jfMto\ by'of c;'/Iff j /fhgLlts j]OdfgLof lnRjM vM . dv';f, ;Gqfzof dfgl;stf vM . j+u' dw]z cfGbf]ngof ‰jno\ g]jfMof gfkgfk+ d]d]lk+ ;+3Lotf wOu' b]o\of zf;g ;Qfo\ kxf8L d"nof dg"to\t d;{o\ Rjg]dkmO sy+of cft+s Ajn+s]j+ u'sy+ yMu' 5] “o\ ;fem]bf/Lof 5u" clts+ nf]stflGqs a' “ jfgfM jo]dfn cfM xfg+ hflt, efiff j ;+:s[ltof gfd+ ;+3Lo /fHo bo]sLano\ cEof; vM . u' 'u' cEof;ofkfv] + km'Ss u}/g]jfM nfufo\ RjgfRj+lk+ g]jfMt hLj+sfMl5of wg;DklQ TjMtf lal;p“ + jo]dfnLu' gful/slk+t ;fj{ef}d bo]sL cn]

32 Newa American Dabu lzsfuf] g]jfM zf;g;Qfo\ ;sl;of+ k|ToIf kx' “r bo]sf ;d'bfoof hs Psn hflto /fHo bo]s] wsfM wfMu' g+ dv' . nf]stflGqs aL . ;+3Lotfo\ yLyL k|b]z jf /fHo dfGotf j ;dfgtfof l;4fGtof lnw+;fo\ k|:tfljt /fHoof b'g] ;' ;' hflt jf bo]sLu'of cy{ 5u" g]kfMoft s'rf s'rf efiff wd{of dg"t a;f]jf; ofgfjofRj+u' u'Dx+ g+ dg"of u'u' + g+ df}lns clwsf/ ofgfM tMu' b]o\ -Country_ bo]s]To+u' xgg h'Odv' . /fhgLlts ;xeflutf j k|ltlglwTjof clwsf/oft u'u' g+ Nofv+ dv' . s]jn zf;gclwsf/of :jfoQtf lgif]w ofo]db' . /fHoofkfv] + km'Ssl;of clwsf/oft psy+ x] ;'/lIft ofo]dfM . j :jzf;g ;lxtof /fhgLlts OsfO{ s]jn /fHoof gfdfs/0f ofo]ano\ u'u' + lglZrt hflt, efiff, ;d'bfoof gf+oft lgdf{0f ofo]To+u' vM . ;+3Lotf jo] w' +sfM yfo\ aLu' wOu' pu' ;DjlGwt hflt, efiff jf ;d'bfoof k'nf+u' Oltxf;, pldu' g+ g]kfM b]o\ nf 5u" x] h'ofM NogfRjlg, P]ltxfl;s cflbe"ld j klxrfgoft ;Ddfg ofo]u' s'tM hs vM . Yj b]o\ km'Ss s]Gb| Lo ;/sf/ 5u" x] h'O, /fli6«o ;]gf, hflt, efiff, ;+:s[lt ;d'bfoof dg"to\ ;femf b]o\ vM cg'e't ofs]u' j lDxuMof ;Ldf j ;fj{ef}ldstf g+ psy+ x] 5u"x] Psn ;+:s[lt, wd{, hflt j efiffof clwgfosTjof l:yltO lxo"kfM jn wOu' h'O . ;+3Lotfof cy{ b]; ljefhg vM;f jf]w ofs]u' lg+lt+ g+ y'sy+ yLyL klxrfgoft ;Ddfg ofo]u' j ;+:yfut ofo]u' ;+3Lo Aoj:yf Gx\ofgfRj+u' ;+o'Qm /fHo cfjZos vM . gfk+ emL;+ oSj Gx\ojlg;] + kl/sNkgf ofgf jofRjgfu' ;dfj]zL cd]l/sf, ef/t, ci6« ]lnof, Sofgf8f, /fHo k'gM;+/rgf ofo]u'of 5u" ;xL /fhgLlts n“k' Yjx] vM . l:j6h/Nof08, blIf0f clk|msf b]o\ cfM k|:tfljt h'ofRj+u' ;+3Lo ;+/rgf sy+ /fHo k'gM;+/rgf h'n wfM;f sGxo\of l5GgleGg Wj:t h'OdfMu' vM . t/, ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGq g]kfMof b'g] k|To]s gful/sto\ clwsf/of x}lifot cMvat+ pHjMu' b]o\ cfkfn+ ljsl;t, d"ntM Ko+u" sy+ h'Ou' h'O M cfly{s j ef}lts ljsf;o\ Gx\oMg], s= hftLo Dx;Lsfof lnw+;fo\ bo]sftMu' /fHob'g] ;DjlGwt jfx'No hfltof gful/sto\ hLjg:t/ g+ psy+ pGgt clwsf/ cj:yfo\b' . pHjMu' b]o\ emg zlQmzfnL v= hftLo Dx;Lsfof lnw+;fo\ bo]sftMu' /fHob'g] cfuGt's hfltof clwsf/ h'ofj+ jMu' emL;“ vgfRjgf . u= hftLo Dx;Lsfof lnw+;fo\ bo]sftMu' /fHoo\ /fHo+lkg]of ;DjlGwt cy]x] d]u' e|d wOu' hftLo klxrfgof hfltof clwsf/ lnwF;fo\ ;+3Lo /fHoof lgdf{0f . Yjof 3= k|fb]lzs cfwf/o\ bo]sftMu' ldl>t rl/qof /fHob'g]of clwsf/ laifooft sofM g+ psy+ x] Uofgfk'u' s= P]ltxfl;s sfno\ lDxuMof /fHo;Qfof lje]bsf/L gLltof sf/0f+ g]kfMb'g] e|d Go+sfRj+u' b' . cn], efiff, hflt, v;–a|Dx' TjMtfM d]d]u' hflt efiff, ;+:s[lt ;d'bfoof dg"to\t /fhgLlts, ;+:s[lt j Oltxf;of lnw+;fo\ /fHot ;fdflhs, cfly{s j d]d]u' ljljw kIfo\ jlxis/0f j ;LdflGts[t cj:yfo\ bo]sn wfM;f sGxo\ b]zo\ ;fDk|bfoLs nfsftMu'ln pHjMu' ;d'bfoof pTkL8gkfv]+ d'Qmofo]t pldu' lg+lt+ cfMof Njfk' h'O, hftLo lx+;f Ajnlg . g]kfM kl/jlt{t /fhgLlts Aoj:yfkfv]+ ljz]if ;+of]hg dof;] + dufM . yy] dh'Os s'rf s'rf bln wsfM uffSs+ k|rf/ k|;f/ lDxuM o'u+ o'ulg;] + lnpg] nfgfRj+u' ;d'bfo k|e'Tjo\ b'u' j pGgt ;d'bfoof ofgfRj+u' b' . g]jfMto\t y'HjMu' k|rf/+ ;dsIfo\ jo]kmOu' ;+efjgf db' . pls+ x] g]kfMoft ;dfj]zL :j?kof /fHoo\ af+dnfSs k|efljt ofgfRj+u' vg]b' . y'u' xLs]To+u' vM . t/, y'sy+ P]ltxfl;s sfn+lg;] + tfMxfsMu' O{ts pTkL8go\ nfgfRj+u' ;DaGwo\ g+ :ki6 h'OdfMu' v“, yy] efiff, ;d'bfoof dg"to\t /fhgLlts g]t[Tjo\ j k|ltlglwTjo\ :yflkt ofo]u' Hof hflt, ;+:s[lt jf Oltxf;of lnw+;fo\ v'Nnf k|lt:kwf{ofkfv] + ;+efjgf db' . pHjMu' pTkLl8t j jlxis/0fo\ nfgfRj+u' /fHo lgdf{0f ofo]u' wsfM wfMu'of cy{ ;d'bfoof dg"to\u' /fhgLlts g]t[Tj j k|ltlglwTj ;'lglZrt ofo]t ;s/fTds u'u' + 5u" hs hflt, efiff jf ;+:s[ltof lje]bof ljz]if Aoj:yf dof;] + dufM . dv';f, sGxo\ lnDa' jf /fO{to\ Oltxf; dg"to\ Psflwsf/ :yflkt ofo]t :jMu' j of]ubfgoft xgfagft;] + lnDa'jfg jf vDa'jfg k|b]zof sy+ gfdfs/0f ofo]u' dv' . lnDa'jfg, vDa'jfg jf ls/ft, t/ cgof ;Dk"0f{ /fhgLlts k|ltlglwTj j g]t[Tjo xfg+ lDxuMy] + u}/lnDa' jf du/ft, tDa'jfg jf g]jfM k|b]z sy+ /fO{to\kfv] + h'Ou' h'n wfM;f cfMof ;dfj]zL /fHoof kl/sNkgf lg/y{s h'O . ug gfdfs/0f ofo]u'of cy{ ;DjlGwt hflt ug u'u' cflbjf;L hghfltto\ P]ltxfl;s e"ld vM, cg cg pldu' Oltxf;of

Newa American Dabu 33 lzsfuf] g]jfM lnw+;fo\ cfMof /fhgLlts kl/jt{gof ‰jno\ cMk's g]t[Tj j k|ltlglwTjo\ Yog]df ;sn g]jfMto\ xs lxt ;+/If0fof lg+lt+ wsfM ;DjlGwt hftLo ;d'bfoof lg+lt+ pldu' P]ltxfl;s yfo\of lg+lt+ g]t[Tjof k|ltlglwTjd"ns OsfO{ sy+ e"ldsf cu|flwsf/of ;'lglZrt ofo]t :jMu' vM . lDxtL . ljz]iftM g]jfM k|b]zlkg]of vt' + ts{ ofOlk+;+ cfM k|:tfljt lem+Kou" k|b]z dWo] u' +u" hs hftLo klxrfgof g]jfMto\ lg+lt+ ;bf+ 5u" /fhgLlts k|b]z lgdf{0f h'Ou'ln+ psy+of cu|flwsf/ dfq u' +u" hfltof dg"to\lg+lt+ hs ;'/lIft ;+/IfsTj k|fKt h'O . g]jfMt Rj+Rj+u' h'Ou' h'n d]d]u' cflbjf;L hgfhfltlk+;+ psy+of clwsf/ pkef]u ofo]dvlgu' u}/ g]jfM k|b]zb'g]of ;d:ofoft sofM h'n wsfM wofRj+u' b' . t/, yg g+ :ki6 h'OdfMu' v“ g]kfno\ cflbjf;L hghflt hs dv' s]Gb|Lo ;/sf/gfk k|ToIf wsfM ;"lrs[lt h'ofRj+u' %( ;d'bfo dWo] 5u" nfv l;a] + pKjM b'u' ;d'bfo :jfk"to]u' 5u" ;+jfxs h'ofaL g]jfM Rofu" u' +u" hs vM . 5u" /fHo bo]s]t dfMu' lglZrt cfwf/t dWo] 5u" lglZrt k|b]z . Yjof gfkgfk+ g]jfM k|b]z wOu' hg;+Vofof cfsf/ g+ vM . y'lsof cy{ Dxf] hg;+Vof hs b'u' cflbjf;L hghflt y'u' k|b]zo\ b'g]Rj+lk+ g]jfMto\u' lg+lt+ hs ;d'bfooft zf;gflwsf/, /fhgLlts g]t[Tj j k|ltlglwTjo\ cu|flwsf/ bOdv' dv' k|b]z+lkg]of g]jfMto\ lg+lt+ :yfoL wfMu' dv' . k|To]s cflbjf;L hghflt ;d'bfoof yMyMu' hg;+Vofof cfsf/, cf>o s]Gb| g+ vM . u'u' g+ yfo\of g]jfM plk+ RjgfRj+u' cflbe"ldof If]qkmn, cg pldu' jfx'Notfof lnw+;fo\ ljz]if If]q, g]jfM k|b]zo\ jofM a;f]jf; ofo]u' cgof :jfoQ If]q, ;+/lIft If]q g+ bO . ug ug u'u' cflbjf;Lof yfo\ vM cg cg gful/stf k|flKt ofgfM g]jfM k|b]oof pldt psy+of cu|flwsf/ ;'lglZrt h'O . /fhgLlts g]t[Tj j k|ltlglwTj ofo]u' v= g]kfMof ;fdflhs ;+/rgfof ljz]iftf wOu' b];o\ u'u' g+ hflt ljz]ifof clwsf/ g+ psy+ x] ;'/lIft h'ofRjgL . ax'dt db' . bsno\ tMDx Nofvo\ b'u' If]qLt !^ k|ltzt hs vM . u'u' g+ ;d'bfo 3= t/, hg;+Vof j ef}uf]lns %! k|ltztof Nofvo\ db' . Yj Nofv+ g]kfM wOu' lrlrw+u' Nofvo\ b'u' ;d'bfoto\u' Nofv+ bo]sftMu' k|b]zof ;Gbe{o\ wfM;f b]o\ vM . kfo\l5 Yjx] l:ylt cfM k|:tfljt k|b]zto\u' g+ vM . k|:tfljt lem+Kou" klxrfgof lnw+;fo\ lgld{t k|b]zoft k|b]zof b'g] ug+ g+ u'u' + 5u" hs hftLo jf eflifs ;d'bfoof ax'dt db' . km'Ss bOu' sy+of ljz]ifflwsf/ jf cu|flwsf/ k|b]zof ;fdflhs ;+/rgf jx'ntfo'Qm vM . pls+ k|b]zof lgdf{0f u'u' + 5u" hflt wfM;f bOdv' . y'HjMu' k|b]z ljz]iftM ljz]ifof gfd+ h";f cgb'g] d]d]u' cfuGt's hfltof dg"t g+ psy+ RjgfRj+u' b' . u'u' g+ ;dboof' P]ltxfl;s yfo\ dh"u' hftLo klxrfgof lnw+;fo\ lgd{t k|b]zb'g] y'HjMlk+ cfuGt's ;d'bfoof dg"to\ j ldl>t ;fdflhs agf}6of h'Ou'ln+ gful/sof Nofv+ AolQmut clwsf/oft u'sy+ ;+/If0f ofo]u' Hof h'O < 5u" hs y'HjMu' k|b]zo\ lg/k]If ;dfgtf j hfltof Psflwsf/ :yfkgf h'ofM d]d]lk+ lj:yflkt h'OdfnLu' jf xfg+ Gx" sy+of of]Uotf cn] Ifdtf sy+of k|lt:kwf{of pTkL8go\ hs+ nfOu' vMnf < g]jfMt b]o\of km'Ss wOy] + lhNnfo\ RjgfRj+u' b'u'ln+ l:ylt h'O . y'HjMu' lrptfM :jlguM lkg]of g]jfMto\ by'O uDeL/ sy+ AjngfRj+u' vM . t/, g]jfM k|b]zoflkg]of g]jfMto\;+ :ki6 h'OdfMu' v“ 5' wfM;f+ hfLto klxrfg jf ef}uf]lns cfwf/o\ k|b]z lgdf{0f ;+3Lotf j g]jfM :jfoQ /fHoof h"u' h";f+ u}/ g]jfM k|b]zo\ Rj+lk+ g]jfMto\t cfuGt's ;d'bfoof Nofv+ cfwf/e"t ;DaGwo\ kfo\l5 v“ y'OsfM ug ug dfgjclwsf/ ;'lglZrt h'O . plnhs dv', k|b]zof Aoj:yflksf, sfo{kflnsfo\ yMlk+ b' cg cg+ g]jfMto\u' :jfoQ ts g+ ;DjlGwt k|b]zo\ g]jfMto\ NofM u'ln b' plsof ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTjof k|b]zof gfkgfk+ yM Rj+Rjgfu' nfufo\ Aoj:yf h'O . ;dfj]zL nf]stGqof dfGotf x] Yjx] vM . gfkgfk+ u}/ g]jfM k|b]zo\ :jzf;gof clwsf/ Nxfto\ nfs]u' RjgfRj+lk+ g]jfMto\ a;f]af; u'u' + lglZrt nfufo\ k'rM d'gfRj+u' vM, cg j8f, lg+lt+ s'tM ofo]dfM . y'lsof lg+lt y'u' ufla; jf lhNnf :t/of OsfO{ :jg]kmOu' cfwf/ b';f g]jfMto\ lg+lt+ yMu' x] P]ltxfl;s Ono\ yMs] b'u' ;stf+ :jzfl;t If]q ts+ lgdf{0f h'OkmO . e|doft Ho+sfM 5Kk“ h'ofM Gx\oHofo]dfM . u= cy]x] sGxo\ /fHo k'gM;+/rgfof ‰jno\ g]jfM k|b]z gL:jg]u' h'n wfM;f !!#! o+nfYj !@ pHjMu' k|b]z g]jfM k|b]zlkg]of g]jfMto\ lg+lt+ g+ 5u" k|flwsf/k"0f{ /fhgLlts ys"5] “, r;M, OsfO{of Nofv+ h'O . bsno\ Gxfkf+ nf g]jfM k|b]z+ k|b]zb'g] j k|b]z lkg] b'lk+ yfo\db', ]oF .

34 Newa American Dabu lzsfuf] g]jfM Buddha and His Teachings

ho is the Buddha? This kind of queson can be asked by anyone Wand anyme at any occasion. Somemes it’s not easy to answer this type of queson. Someone may answer that the Buddha was born in Nepal, Buddha is the one who is against sacrificing animals or any living organism, or Buddha is the symbol of peace. Above all someone may say Buddha is the person who is globally known as a peace lover and recognion of Nepal for the whole world. Whatever the answer is, Buddha is not God. Buddha was a simple human as us, who is just like us with similar human anatomy. But because of Buddha’s teaching on noble truth, and his peaceful path, he became an extraordinary man among all other human beings in this world. The real name of Buddha is Siddhartha Gautama, but he is well known Bhikkhu Sangharakshit Sthaveer by the tle “Buddha”, Buddha meaning “The Enlightened One” or “The "Saddhamma Kobid" Awakened One”. This tle is given to him because he is the one who had given the message of basic truth of human life. He was not born as Buddha, but became a Buddha by his own efforts. The Pāli term Buddha is derived The Buddha had given from "budh", to understand, or to be awakened. (Pāli was the language three noble truths in that was used during the Buddha’s me which is similar to Sanskrit He his teachings. The First lived from approximately 543 to 623 BC; was born into the Shakya clan noble truth is the truth of in Lumbini, Nepal. The Shakya clan sll exists in Nepal who pracces suffering (dukkha) which is Buddhism in the Newa community. In the following, I have highlighted explained by the Four Noble some basic teachings of the Buddha. Truths. These sufferings are The teachings of the Buddha: impermanent or changing, The Buddha had given three noble truths in his teachings. The First noble means do not exist forever, truth is the truth of suffering (dukkha) which is explained by the Four and it comes and goes. Noble Truths. These sufferings are impermanent or changing, means they The second noble truth is do not exist forever, and suffering comes and goes. The second noble about the cause of suffering truth is about the cause of suffering (dukkha) and the third noble truth is (dukkha) and the third noble freedom from suffering (dukkha). The state of prefect peace is when we truth is free from (dukkha). achieve the way to self-realizaon that is Nirvana (Nibbana). That way is The state of prefect peace the Noble Eighold path. The Buddha is the person who had eradicated is when we achieve the way all kinds of passions/lusts (kilesa), sufferings and who understood the to self-realization that is four noble truths in detail. Nirvana (Nibbana). That way Passions (Ashrav – kilesa): is the Noble Eightfold path. Ashrav – kilesa is the Pāli word which literally means passions, lusts, dirness, evil thoughts, a sinful mind, and a bad mind. So all evil and bad thoughts are called Ashrav – kilesa. Whatever wicked words/dirty speaking come out of our mouth is due to kilesa, which is in our minds.

Newa American Dabu 35 lzsfuf] g]jfM We cannot be happy and get rid of any mental sufferings ll that dust detail, then he claimed that he had (kilesa) exists in our minds. Therefore, the Buddha has given message aained the perfect enlightenment to get rid of kilesa. The Buddha himself cleared his mind from that dirt (Nibbāna /Nirvana). He said that and also shared his realizaon with others. as long as he did not understand Various kinds of passions/ kilesa had been explained in Buddhist literature. The Four Noble Truths in detail Mainly there are ten as follows: he would not say himself as the 1. attachment (lobha) Buddha. In summary, his message 2. aversion (dosa), on these four noble truths can be 3. illusion (moha), explained as follows; 4. conceit (māna), 1. The noble truth of suffering 5. false views (ditthi), 2. The noble truth of the origin of 6. doubt (vicikicchā), suffering (dukkasamudayasatya) 7. sloth (thīna), 3. The noble truth of the cessation 8. restlessness (uddhacca), of suffering (dukkanirodhsatya) 9. moral shamelessness (ahirika), 4. The noble truth of the way 10. moral fearlessness (anottappa). to the cessation of suffering Dukkha Mukta (The end of suffering) (dukkanirodhgaminipratipada “dukkha “ which,in English means suffering or sorrow. The Buddha also aryasatya) described anything we dislike, or hate can cause “ dukkha “ . The Pali The Noble Eightfold Path word dukkha, has far more deeper meaning than the English word ( Aryaastangic marg) “suffering”. It originally meant pain, misery, sasfactoriness, inadequacy for any worldly pleasures, and achievements. The Noble Eighold Path is the There are different condions or causes of suffering. In summary they way to the end of suffering, which are as follows: is also called the “Middle Way”. 1. Subject to birth is suffering (jāti pi dukkha) There are eight good spiritual paths 2. Becoming old or old age is suffering ((jarā pi dukkha) which lead all human beings to 3. Illness or disease is suffering (vyādhi pi dukkha) Enlightenment. The eight paths are; 4. Death is suffering (marana pi dukka). 1. Right view ( Samma Ditthi) 5. Depart/away from loved ones is suffering (piyahi vipayogo dukka) 2. Right intention/thought (Samma 6. Living with hatred ones is suffering (apiyahi vipayogo dukka) Sankappa) 7. Wish unfulfilled is suffering ( yampi iccha nalvanti tampi dukka) 3. Right Speech (Samma Vacha) 8. In brief this composite body or having both mind and body is a cause 4. Right action (Samma Kammanta of suffering (panccupādanakkhandha dukkha) 5. Right Livelihood (Samma Ajiva) The Buddha had eradicated all suffering by his own efforts and achieved 6. Right Effort (Samma Vayama) Nirvana (Nibbāna). In Dhighanikayo Sua, The Buddha had explained to 7. Right Mindfulness (Samma Sati) his followers (Bikkhus) about causes sufferings(dukkha) such as death of 8. Right Concentration (Samma loved ones is suffering, being poor is suffering, Illness is suffering, being Samadhi) born is suffering and, being reborn is suffering. Buddha asks his bikkhus, are the tears of these sufferings greater than four oceans? Buddha (This article is extracted from tells his bikkhus to know what suffering is and to be free of suffering to the original book “Buddha Ra achieve Nirvana. BuddhaDharma” by Bhikkhu The Four Noble Truths (Chatuaryasatya) Sangharanshit and the arcle is Once Siddhartha Gautama totally understood the Four Noble truths in translated by Junoo Tuladhar)

36 Newa American Dabu lzsfuf] g]jfM O?ly?

j+ yMu' lhGbuLoft sofM GXofan]+ Yj k' mSs c;Gtf]ifof by'O g j++ yMu' c;Gtf]if Kj+sLu' …lhGbuL O?ly? hs lhGbuLoft x't't' + Ajfsfo+sf x] Rj+u' b' . h'ofM k' mgfjg | kfOn6of sG6«f]n+ lkg] nfgfM ;u{t+ □ s't' + jofRj+u' kmo\vM y] + OSs';] Rjgf lhGbuLO j+ 5'lsof+ cg'ej sfo] dvg, jM joft yMu' x] lhGbuL . l;afo nFof . snfM j d:to\u' OR5f k"j+s]u' nf 5v] jofu' lhGbuL jofu' ef;+ nFo\ O?ly? x], j+ yMu' ;fdfGo OR5f ts g+ k"j+s] h'o]t x] hs h'oflan . k' mu' dv' . ;'y+lg;] + bgfM clkm; jg]t x] xyfo\ . joft g+ ;GrafM klt+ Gx"Gx"u' xno\ jgfM clkm;+ lnxf+ jofM g+ 5] FHofo\ x] yfxf+s'xf+ Gx"Gx"u' Kofv+ :jo]df:t]jM . yfxf+s'xf+ j O?ly? O?ly? h'o]t snfM j sfo\oft AjgfM Gx"Gx"u' kmfi6 – s]bf/ æl;t'Æ kfo\l5 . k" m8 /]i6«fFno\ jgfM ljb]zL g;fTjF;fof lGxlR5 clkm;of xflsdoft gkfM :jo]df:t]jM, ;jfM sfo]df:t]jM . no\tfo\s'tfo\s' + lySs, ;'yo\ j axlgO gu/sf]6, ssgL, n'lDagL, ;f}/fxfof sfo\DXofo\ j snfMoft Xoo\s' Xoo\s' + Kofs]h 6"/o\ rfMXo"jg]df:t]jM . lySs . yMu' AjFHofoft cHh GXofsfo+s]u' kfOn6of sG6«f]n+ lkg] yMu' nflu lhGbuL ug x] Nog no\ Û j+ jof tMw+u' OR5f . t/ 5] F j clkm;of tfxfsMu' em;'sfM to]u' ofOu' . O?ly?n+ ofgfM jofu' Yj OR5f g+ nfgfM ;u{t+ s't' + jofRj+u' jof sfo\g+ Go+sL — …afMg+ ug+ 5sM x] k"djg . kmo\vM y] + OSs';] Rjgf jM rfMlxs] Ajgfo+s"u' dv' .Ú cHh nf joft lembF le+ mlgbF GXof] h"u' jof DXofr+ wofRjlg — …ahf/o\ uHofM hgo' 4o\ g+ b'Ajf+ jg] df:t]jMu' vM . joft yMu' x] lhGbuL . uHofMu' Gx"Gx"u' k] m;gof j;Mt jofRj+u' t/ j+ yMu' …df:t]jMu'Úof wnv+ snfM j d:to\u' OR5f b', afM g+ 5' + x] xofAo"u' dv' .Ú u'u'+ ‰jMoft g+ rLs]k'mu' dv' . … snfMg+ Go+sL — …u'an] + 5sM x] /;a; df:t]jMu'ÚlnO Yj ‰jM k"jg wsfM j+ k"j+s]u' nf 5v] x] , j+ yMu' ofgfM xf]6no\ o+sfM gs"u' j xno\ o+sfM wnv+ x'of5\jo]k' mu' db'lg u'u' + ‰jMoft . ;fdfGo OR5f ts g+ k"j+s] Kofv+ Sog]o+s"u' dv' .Ú ;j{;'ne O{oft g+ j+ yM oTy] 5\on]k' mu' sfo\of c;Gtf]ifof g+ ln;M db' jofs], db'lg . k' mu' dv' . DXofo\of c;Gtf]ifof g+ ln;M db' jofs], cfM nf joft Bg]t g+ O{ dbo]w' +sn . cn] snfMof c;Gtf]ifof g+ ln;M db' . nf;fo\ Ujt'n]j+ jof ldvfo\ Nof;] clkm;o\ xflsdof c;Gtf]if nf cnUu h'ofjMDx DXofr+ GXof]g] b+jofM wofRjlg x] blg . – …afM, cfM nf lh g+ Nof;] h'n . cfM GXofSj r'Q'r'nfM £j+£j+:ofgfh";f+ ;'oft+ nf lh g+ Aofxf ofo]Ton .Ú no\tfo\s]k' mu' dv' . sn]h Yo+Dx sfo+ ‰jftf+ b+jofM wofRjlg Newa American Dabu 37 lzsfuf] g]jfM – …kf;flk+ bSj+ lkg] Aj+jg]w' +sn, lh j+ yMu' hLjgof g+ Yj x] cj:yf vM ;fx'to\ . lnkf 5Ty' + rfOgfof v]k 5Dx hs ;/sf/L sn]ho\ ======.Ú h'ofRj+u' aofg ofOu' . z'? ofMu' x+ . sfo\DXofo\ jo]w'+sfM snfM hs ug+ g hfuL/ x] TjMt] kmt x+, g O{oft x] dg"to\;+ GXofSj x] …dg"to\;+ x] efUo djO . xf hs xfxf+ Dx't' x] Rjo]w' +sn Hjg]kmt x+ . bo\sLu' vMÚ wfM;f+ joft nf efUo+ jofu' – …cfM nf ug+ Ejo\ jg] x] hfuL/+ O{ gofRjg . On+ lhGbuL x] dg" bo\sLu' y] + tfM . d5fnfk';] Rjg]w' +sn sf Û g l;vM gofRjg . 5sM g/gf/fo0foft nFo\ gfknfMano\ 5k' b', g r'l/ 5k' b' . GXofan]+ j □ …5' ofgfRjgf <Ú wsfM Go+u' vM . … x] 5TjfM kl;{ GXofyfo\ Ejo\ j+;f+ ;GrafMof 5Gx' labfo\ g+ j+ kf6{ 6fOdof hfuL/ gofRjgfÚof ln;no\ j+ Gxfo\ ======.Ú Hof ofMjg]u' ofgfRj+u' b' . erf :o+sfM …yf} +sGx] hfuL/+ 5' + h'Odv'Ú DXofo\of Aofxf ofo]Too]w' +sn ÷ sfo\of …pln ofgfM g+ go]t ufMu' dv' .Ú wsfM NxfM k'OsfM So+u' vM . lkg] jgfM pRr lzIff sfo]u' tof/L ÷ j+ em;'sfM tt+ lbSs rfofM wfOu' . t/ hfuL/ gofM x] jof d]Dx kf;f snfMof Ejo\ jg]t ts x] j;M db' . dg"t cfM hfkfgo\ y + lGx+] gL3f} gL53f} 3gZofdbf;+ ufl8 uofRj+u' b', j g+ yMu' vF nf yflt x] ltlg . Hof ofgfgo]dfnLu' cj:yf jo]w' +sn . k|fOe]6 gDa/ b'u' . snfMDxl;of cnUu yMu' nflu nf j+ 5' + x] OR5f dofo]w'g lhGbuL Djfo]t dv' AjfFo\ h'Ot x] hs x] ufl8 b' . x+ . h'ofaLu' h'n . jof bsl;a] tMw+u' efUo+ :jn ls hfuL/ j Aofkf/of vF yf} +of O{of h'h'dfg x] h'ofaLw'g x+ j . c;Gtf]if x] Yj x] . h'Ou' dv' vlg, efUo+ :jMlk+t hfuL/o\ sfo\DXofo\ j snfMof OR5f+ x] jofu' wfo]t nf emLu' b]oflk+ dg"t clN5 g+ pnfo\k' mnfo\ b' vlg . OR5f l;gfjg]w' +sn x+ . h"u'ln+ x] emLu' b]of ljsf; dh"u' wfO . □ t/ r'/f]6 Tjg]u' OR5f wfM;f y'yfo\ lkg] Rj+lklg rf+rf+ x] Hof ofof+ lndnfM kf;flk+t n'd+n'd+ jof clkm; g+ jg] cKjofjMu' b' x+ jof . Gxfkf ;f lGx+ x+ . lGx j rf wofu' x] db' x+ lkg] b];o\ . d+dGt . 5u" aQf+ ufMyfo\ cfM lgu" :j+u" aQf+ joft lkg]ofu' vF GogfM ch" rfM . clkm; j+;f+ j x], dj+;f+ j x] . vfln g+ dufgfjo]w' +sn x+ . j+ yMu' O?ly? lhGbuLof d"NofÍg O?ly? hs h'Ou' nf vM . nF hs snfMDx j+ r'/f]6 Tj+u' vgfM dxfMu' dv' . ofgf:jO . y'ln O?ly?n+ nf jofu' bfMjg]u' nf vM . r'/f]6o\ k'ms]u' lwaf+ 5] Fof dufMdrfM lhGbuL g+ cd]l/sf j hfkfg h'OdfMu' t/ clkm; djgf+ hs g+ nf rfGxo\ Ho+s]t d:jM wsfM sr\sr\ ofO . vM . jof GXof] jOu' nf dv', snfM j t/ j+ r'/f]6 dTjgf+ 5' x] Hof Ho+u' yMu' hj+vj+of dg"to\t b'jfnf:jO . sfo\DXofo\lklgu' OR5f j cfjZostf+ b' < jof lgu" :j+u" aQf r'/f]6+ 5] Fof jgfk+ :s'no\Aj+Dx jof kf;f g/gf/fo0f ul; dsfOu' nf dv' . ;d:of Holgu' vM;f nf lhj+sfl5 x] 5] Fo\ RjgfM RjgfM x] yf} +sGx] s/f]8klt clkm; djg]t j g/gf/fo0f dv', cn] r'/f]6 Tjg]dv' x+ . h'Ow' +sn . jof kf;f+ j+ y] + O?ly? ofMu' jgfM g+ 3gZofdbf; h'Ok' mu' dv' . Gofk' v'k' r'/f]6of s'F 3'ds' {s+ GXof] g+ j+ u'an] + dv+ . joft u'an] + xyfo\u' j xLdL rfOu' x] ygyfo\ . wofu' nf EofM x] jOu' dv' x+ . g+ dv+ j+ . g/gf/fo0f vgfM joft joft bsl;a] tMw+u' c;Gt'i6L h'Ou' snfM sfo\DXofr+ ldvfo\ Kofv+kfM sfsf+ t;s+ ch" rfM . x] yg . x] rf kmk'O . GXof]of gfd+ ;'yo\ 3f}l5 wfOlk+;+ wfOu' g/gf/fo0fof NxfM nf cflv/ jofu' lbyf -uGtJo_ g 5]F ldvf lemldSs h'Ou' x+ . kf/;dl0f y] + . j+ lySj j NxfM tSj h'Okmt, g clkm; x] . ;'yo\ bgfsy+ xfg+ j x] clkm; Û bf+ h'Ou' . vfln O?ly? hs, 5] Fg+ clkm; clkm;+ s'dfMof 3MrfM y] + jofu' hLjgj[Q g+ Gxfkf nfv] rfOgfof v]k ofOu' x+ . 5] F Û rfMrfM hs lxnfRjg]u' l;a]t\ GXof+jg] rfOgfof v]k+ x] Rofo]w'+s"Dx cg+ln O?ly? Û O?ly? ÛÛ □□□ k' mu' dv't . hUufo\ NxfM t;] +ln nf XjfgfXjfgf x] RjM j KjM yj+yjo\ lgnfRjg ls ultof RofMu' x+ . g]= ;+= !!#! l;NnfYj !$÷@)^& d[To' h'O wfO . Gxfkf Gxfkf nf x+us+u el/of h'ofh"Dx kmfu'g %, a;'afM 38 Newa American Dabu lzsfuf] g]jfM

Understanding Newa of Nepal

epal is known to the world as synonymous and linked with the name Nthe land of Lord Buddha’s birth of a sage “Ne” who used to meditate or Mount Everest or Gurkha warriors at Teku, on the bank at the conluence but it can not be known completely of rivers Bagmati and Bishnumati. without knowing Newa (Newar). The From the geographical settings, it can Newa are the most ancient settlers be concluded that prior to human of Kathmandu valley with a deeply settlement, Kathmandu valley was a autonomous ancient culture, full of huge lake surrounded by hills. There riddles and surprises to any scholar are a couple of legends or myths about of oriental and western civilization. how the water was drained out and How such a tiny region with a small how the settlement took place in this Jaya Joshi and Dhruba Raj Joshi population, isolated and remote as it fertile valley. According to a legend in is, could develop a lifestyle so rich Swayambhu Puran of Buddhist epic, a in every aspect of civilization that is Buddhist monk Manjushree saw a bright different from India and China, is a lotus lower beaming at the center of matter of research and study. Newa the lake. He drained out the water from In 1908, Israel Zangwill, a social arts and architecture, music and this lake by making a gorge at the ridge scientist from Great Britain in a play called “The Melting Pot” dance, and sustainable urbanization of the hill at Chovar with his sword and started praying at the location where in the context of emerging new differ immensely from those of its big cultures said that a cultural the Swayambhu stupa was later erected neighbors. The Newa culture is also FUSION occurred with diverse and thus made it possible for humans identiied with remarkable pattern of beliefs, values and religions from urbanization. This generally consists to settle. around the world and a just and of several wide open compounds Another mythological story states peaceful civilization would begin interconnected with a common that Lord Krishna drained out the water from this cultural fusion. Nearly half a century later, after the end entrance. Each compound (Chowk, by making a gorge at the ridge of the of the Rana oligarchy in 1950- hill by his Chakra (rotating weapon) Bahal, and Nani) is surrounded by 51, some western scholars multi-storied houses with wide open in order to make this region habitable applied this theory of “Melting areas, having stupas, chaityas or for his cattle herder friends, Gopalas Pot” on Kathmandu Valley as a temples, a common well, and space (yadavs) and protect them from the fine example applicable to Newa for multiple needs of the residents like wrath of Indra, the king of gods. Culture as a very rich, peaceful, assembly, festivals, worship, school Thus the irst settlers in this valley harmonious, tolerant, and accommodating people culture. for children, and entertainment. were said to be farmers, raising cattle Can this evolutionary process The Changu Narayan temple built like cows, buffaloes, goat, and sheep. So be carried on in a planned way in the 6th century AD, is a beautiful the Jyapus & Sapus known as farmers to produce a new culture as piece of pagoda style architecture & cow herders respectively in Newa Israel Zangwil envisioned - “A and a world UN heritage site. The language were believed to be indigenous peaceful & harmonious civilization pagoda architecture evolved in Nepa people of this valley. like that of NEWA” now a small globalized village narrowed due (Kathmandu) valley. Architect Arniko Kathmandu valley is drained out of Kathmandu valley who accompanied to the explosion of communication by several small rivers & rivulets, all and information, science and Princess Bhrikuti married to a Tibetan originating in the surrounding hills. The technology. Newa is a historically Emperor Songtsan Gampo, is believed valley is very fertile with mild climate evolved culture, blending many to have spread this pagoda architecture throughout the year and the altitude people of different races and to China, India, and South East Asia. varies from a low 4000 feet to 8000 major religions and cultures. Newa The words Newa and Nepa (later feet at Phulchowki & Shivapuri hills. assimilate the best in all major contemporary civilization. developing to Newar and Nepal) are Numerous beds of terraced ields grow

Newa American Dabu 39 lzsfuf] g]jfM varieties of cereals, vegetables and by different migrants at various times, The Melting Pot and Mosaic Culture fruits, which fulilled the food needs of produced a peaceful, creative, dynamic, Concepts: the residents. and harmonious culture called NEWA. In 1908, Israel Zangwill, a social Kathmandu valley is believed to Recent archeological excavations scientist from Great Britain in a be ruled in succession by various at Hadigaon in east Kathmandu found play called “The Melting Pot” in the dynasties beginning with Gopals & brick walls and stone tools & weapons context of emerging new cultures said Mahispals, then Kirantis, Licchavis, dating back to 162 BC. These indings that a cultural FUSION occurred with Mallas, and Shahs and is now gasping are said to be similar to those used diverse beliefs, values and religions for republican order at present. So, by Kushan in Central Asia. So, it can from around the world and a just when did the Newa (Newar) ruled be concluded that people from that and peaceful civilization would begin Kathmandu valley? Why no ruler is region might have migrated to the area from this cultural fusion. Nearly half a called Newa? Who is Newa? There are and assimilated with the settlers of the century later, after the end of the Rana lots of discussions and debates going valley. The Khas people from India oligarchy in 1950-51, some western on even at present on this topic. migrated to the North hills of Nepal scholars applied this theory of “Melting due to the invasion of Muslims from Pot” on Kathmandu Valley as a ine The earliest settlers raising the central Asia. King Prithvi Narayan Shah example applicable to Newa Culture cattle including sheep, produced uniied the smaller kingdoms scattered as a very rich, peaceful, harmonious, wool for their clothing and exported in west, north, east & Kathmandu tolerant, and accommodating people as well to in the north. Some valley & created Greater Nepal and culture. Can this evolutionary process say the words NE PAL came to being, made Kathmandu as its capital. He be carried on in a planned way to meaning NE for WOOL and PAL for the recognized the uniqueness and richness produce a new culture as Israel Zangwil place in accordance with the Tibetan of the culture prevailing in Kathmandu envisioned - “A peaceful & harmonious language. Others think that the word valley. He named the uniied country civilization like that of NEWA” now a Nepa originated from the local dialect NEPAL and Khas language as NEPALI. small globalized village narrowed due of Kathmandu valley. So the people He was overwhelmed by the richness to the explosion of communication and residing in Nepal are called Nepami, of Kathmandu valley culture and information, science, and technology. which literally means from Nepa other cultures with diverse natural Newa is a historically evolved culture, (Nepal) or living in Nepa. The language environment of geography of lora and blending many people of different spoken by Nepami (Nepali) is known fauna. He named Nepal as the Mosaic races and major religions and cultures. as Nepa Bhasa, the calendar is known garden of 36 varieties of lowers and Newa assimilate the best in all major as Nepal Sambat. The words tend to be patronized and embraced various contemporary civilization. highly Sanskritized. The words Bhasa, festivals/celebrations of Newa (Few Can such a product ever emerge Sambat are Sanskrit words meaning to name are: Indra Jatra, worship from the USA? Some recent scholars language and era, and the script mostly of living goddess Kumari, Goddess in the USA and elsewhere countered used nowadays is Devanagari. At some Taleju Bhavani and exchange of divine this concept indicating dificulties point in time, there was much inluence sword with various deities, and Bhoto with the Mosaic mixed cultures or the from Hinduism. And the people coming Jatra). But unfortunately, there was a Multiculturalism with the existence from south used the word “Nyar” or gradual distortion & cultural erosion of diverse cultures maintaining Newar for the people of Kathmandu of “concept of Mosaic” of various distinct identities. Can people in a valley. Nepali cultures as expressed by Prithi multicultural society live in harmony After the mythologica l & Narayan Shah due to the power politics and peace? Even Angela Merkel, the semi mythological period of detrimental to Newa culture, and the President of Germany said recently that Gopals/Mahispals came the Kirat Newa culture could not expand. Multiculturalism is not occurring in her from North-East of India. They are It may be recalled when Nepal applied country and in fact it has failed. Hope believed to be Mongolian in race and for United Nations membership in this will not come true. New human displaced the Gopals and Mahispals 1954/55, all the indicators submitted civilization will evolve peacefully. from ruling. The Gopals and Mahispals by the government for membership Can an entity like Newa emerge in got assimilated with the commoners. in fact do represent Newa culture. So, this world? Newa Culture is something This kind of gradual assimilation of Newa is an ethnic entity having all the worth preserving in this world of different cultures from the best of necessary attributes of a Nation in its conlicts. Thanks to all those promoting major world civilizations brought in modern deinition. Newa Culture in the USA.  40 Newa American Dabu lzsfuf] g]jfM

Art By Sukrins Shrestha

Happy New Year Happy New Year Nepal Sambat 1132 Nepal Sambat 1132

Manoj & Madana Shrestha Ravi Pradhan Evansville, Indiana Baltimore, USA

Newa American Dabu 41 lzsfuf] g]jfM

42 Newa American Dabu lzsfuf] g]jfM Tok" hLjgof /f]dfG;

lGxof lGxy+of tgfju|:t, cefju|:t kmo\ ygftMu' /+uLg a]n'gof nf]e uy] hLjg n“k' + Ajf“o\Ajf“o\ h'h'+ cfM jofM h'O< nf]8;]l8Ëof lvp“ Sjyfo\ Rj+lk+t lh+ y'yfo\ nfs Tok" hLjgof dltgf 5' dltgfof v“Ujn+ 5fo\kf tMu' sf8{of 5' vM < uo\ h'O < wOu' x] NjMd+g] w+ 'sn . Hof Û lg5fM go]t wf} wf} h'ofRj+u' Kjfy+ wfTy] + nf dltgf 5u" cd"t{ zAb vM lys]u' rsn]6of Dxu; u'sy+ v+sL . y'lsoft g t yL k' m g ldvf+ x] v+s] cy] x] ;d:ofu|:t Gx\ok'+ dltgfof k' m . y'lsoft g'un+ rfo]s] dfM, y'Os] ;jfM y'Os]u' s'tMg+ ofOdv' . pls+ lh+ dfM . t/ Uj yf} +sGxo\ lkm;M y] + yf/fyf/f+ yMt efMtof Gx\oMg] gsn´sn sofM u+u' g'un+ dltgf j /f]dfG;oft rfo]s] /f]dflG6s d"8o\ Gx\oRofs] dk' m . Yj kmofRj+u' db' . lhld jof VjfM vg x] vM lhu' bf]if Û vo\tnf j g+ Yj x] ls kmgSs km:jo] y] + h'Ou' . nf;fo\ cj:yfof lzsf/ nf vM lg . lt+lGxgof B+;f+ Dxo\ lyp jOy] + UofM . yHofMu' lgefno\ 3G6f} + ts rMlt gfMgfM jo]s, Ono\ 5u" lGxkltO Ajg] vg– ljZj go] lkTofs k]6«f]nof nfOg Rjg] dfMu' k|l;4 cd]l/sL Do“] xfnfld lqml:6gf t+, ;u{M yL y] + Rj+u' ahfMefMof 6]G;g,  nf]rg tf/f t'nfw/ cu'On]/fof ;'vL hLjgof /x:o . n“ hfd h'ofM Ono\ clkm; Yo+s] dkmofM ;'vL hLjg wfMu'ln+ lhu' ldvf xflsd+ AjM lapu' t+ ;stf+ ;stf+ lhu' tfMxfsM h'n . 5' RjoftMu' b' Ajg] xyfo\ VjfM vg ls x] Kj+sM jO . cy] x] lh h'n . Aj“Aj+ jgf . lqml:6gfof efMt hf]8{g g+ rfGxo\ bgfM g+ lxlt+ nM djMu'of ;'vL hLjg wfMu' ln+ lhu' ldvf tfMxfsM h'n . 5' RjoftMu' af6Dofg+ yM snfMoft Gx\oOk's]t t;s+ t+, ahf/o\ Uof; Gofo] dbofM :6f]eo\ b' Ajg] xyfo\ h'n . Aj“Aj+ d]xgt ofOu' h'ofRjg . uan] + Sjyf hfy'O dfMu'of t+, z}lIfs x8tfn+ drft jgf . lqml:6gfof efMt hf]8{g hfo]s af+af+nfMu' sf8{t toftOu' . 5]“ tof to]dfMu' tGtf, g]kfn aGb+ af6Dofg+ yM snfMoft Gx\oOk's]t cn] uan] lqml:6gfoft oMoMu' rsn]6t clkm;o\ Gofl; jg] dfMu'of Tofg' y] + t;s+ d]xgt ofOu' h'ofRjg . ======. xfg+ yMu' O{ r"nfoj+ lqml:6gf+ g+ hfMu' ;stf+ g+ lhld efMt Gx\oMg] jn uan] + Sjyf hfo]s af+af+nfMu' sf8{o\ oOk'u' dltgfof v“UjM jfufo]sfM ls x] £jf/{ Kj+sfaLu' . cn] 5' < j x] sf8{t toftOu' . cn] uan] AjoftOu' h'ofRjg . ;stf+ Ajg] ;d:of j t+of KjM hs sfnlan h'O lqml:6gfoft oMoMu' w'g]j+ ch"rfn lh, uHofMu' ch"rfofk'u' lhld by'O . rsn]6t ======. xfg+ yMu' O{ dltgfof sfnlan vM Yj . Gx\oMg] 5] “of sMl;O ´M´M wfo]s r"nfoj+ lqml:6gf+ g+ sf8{o\ lqml:6gfof Yj k|;+u g]kfMof x\jofRj+u' dltgfof lr+ x\ofp“u' u'nfkm oOk'u' dltgfof v“UjM jfufo]sfM hgtfof by'O tofM ngf :jof . yhfMu' :jf+g+ lhu' g'uM ;fnfsfn . dgo\ Vjfp“;] AjoftOu' h'ofRjg . v“nf ´L;“ ls t Go+s+ afvgo\ AjgL lts ldgfjn . cn] lh+ ljZn]if0f ofgf ls t Kofvgo\ :jO . z'4u' Tjg]u' u'ln kfMu' b'–lqmli6gfof Tok" hLjgof nM 5k' mlt :jo] cfk'n'lk+ KofMrfMlk+t /f]dfG; j lhldu' /f]dfG;o\ . 

Newa American Dabu 43 lzsfuf] g]jfM

44 Newa American Dabu lzsfuf] g]jfM Life Cycle Rituals in Newa Culture

s a girl who was born in Nepal including, rice, mild curries Aand raised in a Newa family, and some gravy entrees. Later, I know that the Newa culture is different birthday celebrations very rich in ceremony and ritual are held, but it depends on the Alisha Shrestha throughout the year. We celebrate family status on how they want different kinds of festivals at to celebrate it. different stages of life from the Just like the Macha Janku, there beginning of birth till the death are many other ceremonies that and beyond. We consider our life- we celebrate at different stages cycle rituals as a way of preparation in life which hold different for death and life after it. Each meanings. For a female child, we ceremony that’s held at a certain age celebrate Ihin which is also known carries a unique meaning speciic as Bel Bibaha, it is performed I believe that the culture to that age. between the ages of ive to nine. The very irst ceremony that It is a ceremony held for pre- is what creates and we celebrate after birth is called adolescent girls. In the ceremony presents us. It plays a Machabu Byenkegu. This ritual is the girls are married to the bel great role in our life and held in different number of days for fruit also known as a wood apple, id entifies us and makes a baby boy vs. a baby girl. For a baby which symbolizes god Vishnu. us an extraordinary girl, it is held in 4 days after she is The ceremony is performed to born, whereas for a baby boy it is ensure that the girl becomes and people. I am very performed after 6 days of his birth. It remains fertile. “It is believed that fortunate to have been is performed basically to purify the if the girl’s husband dies later in born in such a rich and child, give a name and to welcome a her life, she is not considered a cultivated culture. I love baby in the family. The next ritual is widow because she is married Macha Janku, which is also known to Lord Vishnu.” The next my parents because they as rice-feeding ceremony; this is ceremony that we celebrate for play a gr eat part in performed at different stages again female child is called Bahra, also my life in keeping the for boys and girls. For boys, this known as Guffa; it is performed culture alive. ceremony is performed at the age when a girl approaches puberty. of six or eight months and for girls In the ceremony, a girl is kept in it is performed at the age of either a room for twelve days hidden ive or seven months. This ceremony from the sun and the males. The is held to ensure that babies from meaning of this ceremony is to that stage can taste Nepalese food inalize the next step towards

Newa American Dabu 45 lzsfuf] g]jfM becoming a lady. The girl is also Janku is performed when a person I am at home in Nepal every day. taught some domestic sciences. reaches the age of seventy seven Citation: "Newars of the Valley, While girls celebrate Bahra before years, seven month, and seven days. Newar of Kathmandu, Newars of they approach puberty, boys on Furthermore, Janku ceremonies are Nepal, Newar Community, Bhaktapur the other hand, celebrate Kayta also performed at later ages when Newars, Patan Newa, Newa Bhasa, puja and it almost holds the same the person is accorded sacred Newar Culture, religion, music, meaning - coming of age ceremony. status. dance, Newari Cuisine, Newari Food Kayta puja is performed to inalize These are the different Nepal, Festival and Rituals, videos, or Bel Bibaha, gupha Rakhne the next step towards manhood. celebrations of life in Newa culture. - colorfulnepal.com." Nepal, Visit After the ceremony is performed, I believe that the culture is what it Nepal, Travel Nepal, Trekking in the boy is no longer looked upon creates and presents us. It plays a Nepal, Hotels in Nepal, Nepal News, as a child; he is now the man of the great role in our life and identiies Sightseeing in Nepal, Holidays in family who is responsible enough us and makes us an extraordinary Nepal, Flight to Nepal, Biking in to handle responsibilities for the people. I am very fortunate to Nepal, Peak Climbing in Nepal, family and the house itself. Just as have been born in such a rich and Nepal Expedition, Nepal Tourism Bahra or Kayta Puja is performed to cultivated culture. I love my parents Directory, News of Nepal, Nepal celebrate the last part of childhood, because they play a great part in my Pictures - colorfulnepal.com. Web. Janku which is known as an old- life in keeping the culture alive. Even 10 Sept. 2011. . 

46 Newa American Dabu lzsfuf] g]jfM

æGxfo\ Æ v“UjMof ljZn]if0f ofo]ano\ y'sL b'g] ægÆ afuM æxÆ cfs/ j æoÆ afuM 3fgf jOu' ;L b' . t/ ug+ ug+ æoÆ oft …df cfvMÚ gfnfM æPÆ Yjof Rj+lk+ g+ bo]k" m . pls+ g]kfnefiffoft ;+:s[t+ 5\onftMu' b]jgfu/L cfvM kflr+sf Rj+u'ln+ uy] gjfo]u' vM cy] x] Rjo]u' ofgfRj+u' db' . b]jgfu/L cfvM Tof;f sofM uan] lg;] + 5\ onf xMu' vM Yj Rjld+ af+nfs dl;plg . pls+ g]kfnefiff afªdono\ uy] 5\onfRj+u' vM x"ax"of lnw+;fo\ sofRjgf . æGxfo\Æ v“UjMof Jo"Tklt larfM ofo]ano\ æGxf;+Æ kfv] + jMu' ;L b' . cfMof cfw'lgs Ono\ æ;Æ cfvM nf]k h'of æGxfo\Æ h"u' vM . g]jfM ;dfho\ Gxf; v“UjMoft yLyL r:df tofM :jo] lhp . Yj ljljwtf d]d]u' ;dfho\ g+ bo]k" m . Yj Rj;'of d" cfHh' g+ Gxfo\ 5\onfoft jfQ'jfnfM :jo]u' vM . æGxfo\Æ zf/Ll/s kIf larfM ofo]ano\ z/L/oft dbo]s dufMu' 5u" c+u vM . Gxf;+ :jf; k|Zjf; k|0ffnL ;+rfng ofo]t ltaM laofRjgL . Gxf;+ gt'g]u' Hof hs ofgfRjgL . y'lsoft ;+:s[t jfªdono\ 3|f0f ljz]iftf wsfM k+rtTjof 5tf tTjof ltaM laofRjgL . hLj k|f0fLof z/L/oft, k'Ou' Gog]u' j gt'g]u' laz]iftf – b/zf g]jfMld z/L/oft Djfsf to]u' ofO . pls+ z/L/o\ clS;hgof dfqf tg]u' Hof Yj x] Gxf;+ ofgfRjgL . pls+ hLj z/L/oft tGb'?i6 ofo]u' Hofo\ Gxfo\ dbo]s dufMu' 5u" c+u vM . ;+;f/o\ DjfgfRj+lk+ k' mSs k|f0fL cflb cflb k' mSsl;s] z/L/o\ dbo]s dufMu' 5u" c+uof ?ko\ Gxfo\ 3fgf jofRj+u' b' . Gxfo\of d]u' kIf vM g]jfM ;dfh . Yj ;dfho\ Gxfo\of cy{ Aofks ?k+ tAof ofgf o+s] l5+ . g]jfM ;dfho\ Gxfo\ t;s+ ;zQm h" . ;fwf/0f sy+ Gxfo\ b' j Gxfo\ db' hs wfo]j+ b'Dx dg" j db"Dx dg"of rl/q Gx\oMg] b+ jO . Yj afx]s g]jfM ;dfho\ Gxfo\ v“UjMof 5\onf tMtflh sy+ ofgfRj+u' b;' cfkfn+ b' . pls;g+ bsno\ cKjM 5\ onLu' yy] vM . Gxfo\ jgLu', Gxfo\ TjfM Nxfo]u', Gxfo\ 5'Ou', Gxfo\ Hjg]u' cflb cflb v“TjfM g]kfnefiff ;flxToo\ Aofks ?k+ 5\onfRj+u' b' . Yj k' ms+ v“Tjfof cy{ kfMu' vg] b' . k/Dk/fut larfMoft jf:tf dof;] + nfMnfMy] + ;gfM Gxfo\ db'Dx h";f+ jof ef}uf]lns Gxfo\ wfM;f bof x] RjgL t/ ef}uf]lns Gxfo\ k|fs[lts ?k+ cfsf/ k|sf/ kfM;f+ Gxfo\ d?rf, wsfM ;Ddfg ofM;f+ jof Gxfo\ b"u' x] eflko] dfM . Yj emLu' ;dfh gfk ;lQs :jfgfRj+u' ljZjf;of gLgLu' b;' vM . Yj ljZjf;oft emL;+ kflrgfM jgf+ t' + Rjg]dfM . g]kfnefiff z/L/of c+u gfk :jfgfRj+u' v“UjM j v“TjfMof 5\ onfM tMtfM sy+ h'ofRj+u' bM;f+ Gxfo\ gfk :jfgfRj+u' v“UjMof ljz]if dxTj b' . g]kfnefiff ;flxToof jfªdo . Gxfo\ of ;fdflhs kIf t;s+ ;zQm h" . g]jfM;dfho\ Gxfo\ to\ t k/Dk/fut d"No dfGotfoft kmof+kml5 No+sfto]t :jO cn] bof g+ RjgL . t/ k/Dk/f wsfM xfnf+ ;fWo dh'O w' +sn wfOlk+ db'u' dv' . Old Gxfo\ b' nfls db' y'lsof dfk80b 5' < pls+ Yj sfNklgs ;To hs vM . Yj x] g]kfnefiffof j g]jfM ;+:s[ltof ljZjf; j d"No dfGotfo\ t;s+ dxTjk'0f{u' ljifo vM . Yj x] Gxfo\to\ u' ljZjf;of lnw+;f sofM g]kfM j g]jfMto\ Dx;Lsf NogfRjgLu' v“o\ ljZjf; b' . y'sL lgu" larfM h'Odv' h'O . 

Newa American Dabu 47 lzsfuf] g]jfM

48 Newa American Dabu lzsfuf] g]jfM

b]z :ofgfM DjfgfRj+lk+

—æl5u' Sjflnlkms]zg t;s+ af+nfM . jg]u' s'tM dofMu' g+ dv' j+ . lnRjM cd]l/sfof gf+b+u' o'lgel;{6L+ x] l8u|L tfMdnft . Yjx] ‰jno\ 5u" sDkgLof sofbLu' h'ofRjg .Æ 5Dx dhb'/ g]tf+ joft ;fy lan . yy] wsfM 5Dx OG6/Eo" sofRj+Dx yMu' o'lgogof b'hM h'Ou' vM;f hflu/ dLgf ah|frfo{ dg'v+ tf/Lkm ofMano\ jL/axfb'/ w'Ss r"nfsf aLu' zt{ tn . hflu/ df+df+ h'n . hflu/ nf bOu' kSsf h'n wsfM xf/]rfo] w' +s"Dx jL/axfb'/+ pv] +y'v] + ug+ dtL tn . OG6/Eo" Sjrfo]sfM lnxf+ d:j;] hflu/ gof5\jt . jMDx jofu' g'uM n;tf+ hfM . jofu' hflu/nf aNnaNn n'ofjn . t/ Gx\oMg] ufdo\ RjgfRj+lk+ yM df+–ca'of zx/o\ RjgfM hflu/ gofu' Woaf yMoft b'Mv rfMlxn . Old;+ yM Bf+nfgfM hs x] h]gt]g ufsfM RjDx+ jL/axfb'/+ cfvM Aj+s"u' n'd+sn . Tof;f sofM yM kl/jf/of lg+lt+ wfM;f Woaf 5\ jo] h";f+ ljb]zo\ pRr lzIff xfl;n ofs]t dk' m . cano\ nfs x] dhb'/ xslxtof 5\ jMu' n'd+sn . yMlk+ AjgfdtMlk+ h;f+" lglt+ wsfM cfGbf]ng h'n . ;sn jL/axfb'/oft lzIff lbIff aLs]of lglt+ dhb'/to\ ;+ cfGbf]ngof Gx\ on'jfM ofgfM yHofMu' yLyL emd]nf+ ofgfM 5] F–a' F ts+ bfpno\ tn . yHofMu' vFo\ jL/axfb'/oft Gx\oMg] tn . dhb'/ j xLdLrfn . cd] l/sfo\ x] tgfRj+Dx j+ cfM ;stf+ Tof;f k'nfM ;'v+ cfGbf]ng tRjM h'h'+ jg . cflv/ g+ joft Hof r"nfMu' vM . j+ ;f;M Nxfo] bOu' h'n wsfM dtLtn . jL/axfb'/oft GofbFof lglt+ h]n rnfg yMu' d]xgtof lx rMlt yMu' t/ j+ dtLtMu' vF k"djg . OG6/Eo" oft . GofbFof h]n ;hfo kmofM lkxf+ x] b]zo\ xfo]s]u' larf ofgfM af+nfM;f+ hflu/ wfM;f d]Dxl;t x] lan . jMDx jL/axfb'/of ;xf/f ;' + db' . jofu' yMu' dft[e" ldO lnxf+ jn . t/ j dGqLof l;kmfl/; b'Dx x“ . d]yfo\ hflu/ g+ dGt . t/ cg Rj+lk+ dhb'/t ygof gftfjfb j s[kfjfbof 5yfo\ jofs] nvf} + bf+ 3'; jg . g wfM;f cg x] sDkgLO HofM ofgfRj+u' rnv]n+ j lg/fz h'n . a? jofs] 3'; gs]t bf+ b' g t dGqLof bgL . ljjz h'ofM yMu' x] ufdo\ cd] l/sfo\ x] Hof ofgfRj+u' l;kmfl/; . g t /fhgLlts kf6L{of x] lnxf+jg . h";f yf} + yM kf;flk+ y] + 8n/of l;kmfl/; b' . GofbF lnkf yMu' 5]Fo\ lnxf+ j+Dx dg" h' O w' +sn h' O wsfM yHofMu' yLyL emd]nf+ ofgfM j jL/axfb'/of 5]F–a'F hs dv' df+–ca' kZtfo\ rfn . xLdLrfn . cd]l/sfo\ x] g+ joft Hof g+ dbo] w' +s"u' h'ofRjg . yM sfoof r"nfMu' vM . j+ yMu' d]xgtof lx rMlt cf;+ DjfgfRj+lk+ df+–ca'oft dg"to\;+ yMu' x] b]zo\ xfo]s]u' larf ofgfM yMu' jL/axfb'/ h'n';o\ uf]nL+ sofM l;t dft[e"ldO lnxf+ jn . t/ ygof gftfjfb wsfM va/ Yo+sn vlg+ . y'ls+ ofgfM j s[kfjfbof rnv]n+ j lg/fz h'n . lgDx+ k/nf]s h'n . cn] hË] sfhL a? cd]l/sfo\ x] Hof ofgfRj+u' h";f yf} + ;fx]a+ Oldu' 5] Fo\ –a' F g+ sAhf oft . yM kf;flk+ y] + 8n/of dg" h'O w' +sn cg ufdo\ sfhL ;fx]aof cTofrf/ j h'O wsfM kZtfo\ rfn . xfsg+ cg x] cGofo jL/axfb'/oft hs dv' u/La

Newa American Dabu 49 lzsfuf] g]jfM hgtf j ls;fgto\t g+ oSj h"u' dfg] dh"lk+t oftgf aLu', ufd+ lkltgf d'bf{afb ÛÛ g]tf wfj lvrfof so\tf Û h'ofRjg . t/ Oldu' lj?4o\ ;M to] 5\jo]u' hs dv' xTof ofo]t g+ lnkmM jL/axfb'/ d'bf{afb ÛÛÛ k' mlk+ ;' + b'u' wfM;f dv' . Yj cGofo d:jn . pls+ dg"to\ ;+ UofgfM x] joft yHofMu' gf/f GogfM jL/axfb'/ 5´f+ cTofrf/ j+ ;xofo] dk' mt . pls+ hË] ;fy laofRjg . t/ u'ln+ uf+ TjMtfM jftfxf+ h'ofRjg . yy] xfnfjMlk+ dg"t sfhL ;fx]aof lj?4 Njfo]u' wsfM u'ln+ b]o\ x] TjtfM ljb]zo\ knfog h'h' + bSj x] a'/fa'l/lk+, Njlulk+, ckfËt j ufdo\Rj+lk+ ln;] ;xnx Aofsn . Gxfkf+ jg . go] dv+ VjfMjMlk+ SjoF\sfnLt hs nf jofu' vF ;'gf+g kTofM dofM . t/ jL/axfb'/of kmf}h+ zx/o\ xdnf x] . Oldu' Dxo\ Sj] + j ;fn'u' 5\ o+u" a'n'x' + a'n'x' + j+ cgRj+lk+ dg"to\t lg8/ oft . cfGbf]ng tRj+ h'h' + jg . :s"n, l;jfo\ d]u' 5' + vg]db' . n+of gfd+ EjfyM ofgfM o+sn . Njfo]u' snf :o]g . sn]h, clkm;, k;M Gx\ ofan] + aGb h'Ou' 5s"rf+ yMu' nHhf hs Tjk'oftMu' b' . lnkf ufdo\ ;sl;g+ joft ;fy lan . h'n . zx/ 5u" o'4e"ld y] + h'n . u[xo'4+ :jo]ano\ g+ d]u' x] u|x+ jMlk+ …PlnogÚt pls+ ofgfM u/La hgtf ls;fgto\t hgtf hs dv' ;f+:s[lts w/f]x/, y] + . cano\ nfs x] ;F lhËl/Ë Rj+Dx ;'gf+g cGofo cTofrf/ ofo] dkm"t . kf}/fl0fs ;Dkbf j k|fs[lts–;f+:s[lts 5Dx p“O{ y] +HofMDx a'l/+ + ldvf x\ofpFs hdLGbf/ j sfhL ;fx]a wfMlk+ wdfwd ;DklQ bSj gi6 h'n . jL/axfb'/of ttMUjo]s sgfM jL/axfb'/of Gx\oMg] ufd+ lal;p+ jg]dfn . zlQm emg emg cKjof jMln;] yg Rj+lk+ jofM klt+ w:jfsfM wfn —ækfkL, /fIf; Û yf} +sGxo\ uf+of ;sn dg"to\ ;+ joft dg"t g+ ljb]zo\ knfog h'h' + jg . cfM 5 xfsg+ yg ;'oft :ofo] wsfM jofu' < 5Dx cleefjs tfo]sn . jofu' vF cg n8fs', u/La, ckfË, a'/fa'l/ jM yg Rjlk+ ;sl;t :ofgf nf–lx go] ;sl;g+ dfg]h" . joft ;sl;g BM x] Njlu+lk+ l;jfo\ d]lk+ dbofjn . cflv/ w' +sn cfM 5' lhldu' Sj] + r'r'Kofo] wsfM efMlkn . jofu' rrf{ cg ufdo\ hs 5Gx' zx/o\ g+ jL/axfb'/of kmf}h+ sAhf jofu' nf < sf :of lhldt g+ . lhld dv' gfkgfk+Rj+u' ufdo\ g+ h'n . Old;+ oft . cfM b]o\of x] 5Dx g]tf h'O yMlylt efjL ;Gtlt x] dbo]sfM lhldt g+ jL/axfb'/oft yMlklgu' ;d:of sg . w' +s"u' b'– jL/axfb'/ . yM g]tf h'O hs 5fo\ Djfsf tofu' < :ofgf 5\ j bSj hfgfM ;d:of Ho+sn . jL/axfb'/ w' +sfM j b]z e|d0fo\ jg]u' larfMoft . lhldt g+ . Fx' x' F Fx'=====wsfM Vjn .Æ cfM wfTy] + 5Dx jL/k'?if h'O w' +s"u' b' . bsno\ Gxfkf j yMu' x] ufdo\ jg . j+ xfsg d]Dx w'l; n"Dx n+u8f jofM cGofo j cTofrf/of lj?4 Njfo]t larfMoft bSj uf+of dg"t jofM jofu' t'tf+ a:jfgfM xfn— æYjM g/eIfL sfo/ Oldu' kmf}h ;bf+ tof/ b' . yy] x] ofof+ ho hosf/ ofgfM n;s'; ofO . t/ sft/+ emLt 5' :ofo] kmO < emL nf Oldu' zlQmof rrf{ cfM uf+ufdo\ hs j+ larfM ofMu' cMvM 5Dx x] djM . yf} + :jof+ lem+lgbF Gx\oM x] ;L w' +sn . dv' zx/o\ ts+ Yog . zx/o\ g+ j+ yMt uf+ dv' jnf 5u" d;f+ y]+ . emLlk+ nf s]jn DjfgfRj+u' nf; hs Gxfkf cGofo ofMlk+t Ajnf ;fo]u' larfM :jM:jMyfo\ ;L gjM ;'g;fg . lemhf+ vM . hLpFbf] nf; .Æ oft . jL/axfb'/of 5u" Ozf/fo\ dg"t b+ . yHofMu' b[io vgfM jL/axfb'/+ yM xfsg+ d]Dx a'/f d';' tt+ bd :jf+ ;Lt j :ofo]t ;bf+ tof/ b' . pls+ j+ sfo{stf{to\t Gog— æYj uf+of dg"t :jf+ jo]sfM — æx] gfdb{ Û gSr/f g]tf Û zx/o\ g+ yMu' zlQm k|bz{g ofo] dfMu' bSj ug jg < lh jn wsfM ;'gfg+ 5 ;'ofu' g]tf h'n wsfM yg km'O“ cfjZostf dx;'; oft . j+ ;fdGtL 5fo\ n;s'; ofo]t djMu' xf+ < lh ofMjofu' < Yj d;fgo\ nf; afx]s to]u' bf+ n'6] ofgfM u/Lato\ by'O jofRj+u' b' wsfM Oldt va/ l5ld;+ ;' + db' . d'bf{to\t 5+ 5' /fh ofO < Ogflan . cn] yMu' kmf}hof kfng–kf]if0f dlaof ls 5' <Æ sfo{stf{to\ ;+ 5' + ln;M xf=====xf====xf=====.Æ j tflndof Joj:yf oft . jL/axfb'/ j dla;] vfln 5\ o+ Sj5'sf hs Rj+Rjg . xfsg+ ;sl;g+ 5u" x] ;n+ ;Nnfx jof kmf}hoft yMlklgu' zlQmk|lt 3d08 cano\ x] tfkfs+ 5YjM dg"t xfnfM lan — æ5 nf nf;to\ g]tf vM . yg g+ bofjn . pls+ Old;+ bSjl;t yMu' jMu' ;M tfo] bt . j bË h'n . t/ b]zo\ cfM nf; hs b', nf; . t/ 5+ Ozf/fo\ Hof ofs]u' :jn . yMlklg Olk+ 5' wsfM xfnf jMu' vM j wfM;f d[To'of eLv j+;f+ d[To' 5Gt n'Odv' . 5 :jfy{k"lt{ ofo]of lglt+ Old;+ Gx\ofu' ltkm\ofo] dk' mt . Olk+ emg emg Gx\ oMg] kfkLoft ug+ af; bOdv' . xf===xf===xf======.Æ ofo]t g+ lnkmM d:jn . ha{h:tL Yo+s jn . yy] wsfM bSj+ lGxn . Yj lGxnfof ufdo\ Rj+lk+t yMu' kmf}ho\ elt{ oft . —jL/axfb'/ d'bf{afb Û jL/axfb'/ ;M y'ln Uofgf k'nls g]tfof rMlt x] 50 Newa American Dabu lzsfuf] g]jfM e';'e';' jn . cg j knv x] Rjg] j aGb's rn] ofo] ;Mlk+ l;jfo\ b]z ;f g]tft VofMUjf/f y] + Nx\ jgfRjg . dk' mt . Uofgf j xfsg+ zx/kfv] x] bo]s] ;Mlk+ ;' + djM . cg n8fs't, b]o\of yHofMu' b'b{zf vgfM lnxf+ jof5\jt . nFo\ j+ j]Fo\ pO“, xTof/f j v' F 8fv' “t l;jfo\ lzlIft j hMnfvMnf b]z+ bfp :jofRjg . yMu' a'/fa'l/t, ckfËt, Njlut l;jfo\ d]lk+ a'l4hLjLt db' . u/La gfËft l;jfo\ b]o\of af/] yf} + stMof b]z+ lg0f{o ofOu' ;' + gfkdnfM . b]zof bSj snfs[lt, Jofkf/L j pBf]uLt db' . Gx\ofyfo\ h'ofjn . co\g+ bSj r'krfk h'ofM d7dlGb/, k'vf+ { + w:jfsf ys"u' ;DklQ :jM;f+ s]jn /f]u, ;d:of, cefj, ;x ofgfRjg]t afWo h'n . yMu' wOu' bSj Wj:t h'ofM lh0f{ cj:yfo\ ef]sd/L, cGwsf/ j Njfk' hs . yj+ 5' + dbof jg . Gx\ofu' vFo\ g+ ljb]zL YogfRjg . yMx] NjfgfRjg . yHofMu' b'b{zf emgemg x:tIf]k h'ofjn . b]zof uf+ zx/, yHofMu' eofjx b[io vgfM cKjofjn . cGg ;o]s]u' Fa' o'4e"dL hgtf, wd{, ;:s[lt ts+ stMofu' h'n . jL/axfb'/of em;+u h'n . j+ kZrftfk kl/0ft h'oflan . lzIff sfo]u' :s"n xfMgf+ db'lk+ y] + Djfgf Rjg]t hgtf hs oft . yMu' :jfy{of zlQm k|bz{g ofo]u' SofDk; n8fs'to\ u' tflnd sfo]u' yfo\ dv' g]tft ts+ afWo h'ofRjg] dfn . ‰jno\ j+ yMu' st{Ao NjMd+s"u' n'dg . h'oflan . sfg"g j Gofo aLu' cbfnt cano\ ltlg jL/axfb'/+ jfMrfo]sn ls cfj+ln cHofMu' kfk ofo]dv' . a? v' F 8fv' “ j e|i6frf/to\ u' c8\ 8f h'O yMDx jfMdrfo]s x] b]z stMoft dL b]zofu' ljsf; ofo], hgtfof sNof0f w' +sn . ;+;b ejg hgtf :ofgfM 3'; w' +s"u' vF . vM b]z ldof Djfgf Rj+lk+ h'Ou' Hofofo] cn] hs lhu' kfkof go]u' j ljb]zto\ u' O{zf/fo\ Kofv+ Nx'Ou' dg"t, g yMu' b]zof hgtf h'of Djfo] k| folZrt h'O wsfM larfM oft . ;sn ba" h'O w' +sn . b]z 5u'ln+ cGwsf/ kmt . g t stM b]zof h'of Djfo] yM sfo{stf{to\ t ;Mtn . b]z ljsf;of afx]s hM ug+ vg]db' . 55fM go]t g+ kmt . a;\ kz' ;dfg hLjg xgfRjg . af/] ;xnx oft . t/ oSj x] lnafo hgtfoft yfs'of jn . go]u' dbof s]jn kz' ;/x b]z :ofgfM Djfgf w' +sn . cgnf jd af?b bo]s] ;Mlk+ ef]sd/L j s'kf]if0f+ hgtf sj+ h'ofRjg Rjg . 

Newa American Dabu 51 lzsfuf] g]jfM æyM d:tln;] g]jfM efo\ Nxfgf lb;+Æ

52 Newa American Dabu lzsfuf] g]jfM

Nepal Sambat 1131 Celebration at Chicago in 2010

lzsfuf]o\ Gxfkf+v';L Gx"b“of Hof‰jM

o]“ -;GWof 6fOD;_÷æl;sfuf] g]jfMÆ of Uj;fno\ cd]l/sfof l;sfuf ] l:yt ;]G6 cu:6fOg sn]hof xno\ j+u' zlgjfM Gxfkf+ v';L g]kfn ;+jt\of Gx"b“ xg] Hof h'n . ;u+, ;f+:s[lts AjHof, g]jfM k] m;g zf], ;do\alh j g]jfM ;+lskf So“;] + afv+ Rjld s]z/dfg tfd|fsf/+ pu' Hof‰jM Gx\ofsfbLu' vM . efh' dbgdf]xg >]i7+ pn]Hof ofgfbLu' pu' Hof‰jM 8f= dgf]/~hg wf}e8]nof cWoIftfo\ h"u' vM . Hof‰jno\ Ajlt sfMlk+ cKjM >]i7, ;'lgtf cdfTo, ;'lbg cdfTo j b'uf{nfn >]i7, 68 n'lj;, zlzsnf wOy] + ;xeflut g]jfM j;M k'gfM jMu' ;l/tf wf}e8]nlk+;+ g]jfM Do]o\ Kofv+ dfgGw/ofln;] + jN8{ g]jfM cu{gfOh]zg vM . ;Tof dg"to\;+ Ajlt sfMu' x'nfbLu' vM;f lbg]z k|wfg j Ozf j g]jfM cu{gfOh]zg ckm cd]l/sfkfv] + pu' Hof‰jno\ ;sl;g+ yMu' efiff, >]i7+ g]jfM Do] “ xfnfbLu' j Zofd >]i7+ 5\jofxMu' le+t'gfkf} AjgfM Go+s"u' vM . snf, hflt, ;+:s[lt j g]kfn ;+jt\ af“;'/L k'ofbLu' vM . g"tg/fh >]i7 8f= h'g' sdn t'nfw/+ ;sl;t+ ;'efo\ af/] Gx"u' k':tfoft :og] dfMu' v“ j ljwfg/Tg t'nfw/+ g]kfn ;+jt\ B5fgflbn .  jfMrfo]s"u' vM . Hof‰jno\ cln;f af/] g'uMv“ Kj+sflbn . Hof‰jno\ >]i7, >:tf tfof] tfd|fsf/, ;'lqmG; ;Todf]xg hf]zL, kb\d/Tg t'nfw/, News published in "Sandhya Times", Kathmandu Newa American Dabu 53 lzsfuf] g]jfM

54 Newa American Dabu lzsfuf] g]jfM

g]jfM efo\ g]jfM tlhnlh j g]jfM Chicago Newa celebrated snf yk" ofo]u' j g]jfM g]jfM Ghyo Chaku Shanlhu in 2010 at Chicago k/:k/ Ujfxfln ofo]u' cfHh' HjgfM £oM rfs' ;+Nx'of n;tfo] cd]l/sfof lzsfuf]o\ Rjlk+ 5k'rM hfgf g]jfMg d'g]u' Hof h'n . efh' s]z/dfg tfd|sf/ Gx\ofsfbLu' y'u' g]jfM d'gfo\ bsno\ ysflnlk efh' g"tg >]i7 l;GxM j do\h' u+uf k|wfgkfv]+ r;'M Kjfno\ lrs+ ltsfM cn] do\h' 1fg' >]i7 j do\h' ljBf >]i7kfv]+ ;u aLu' Hof h"u' vM . pu' g]jfM d'gfo\ g]jfM Do]+ g]jfM x'nfKofv+, ljj]s >]i7, >4f >]i7 j lgDj;\ sIff ;+rfng ofo]dfMu' ;sl;g+ jfM afF;'/Lof w'g ln;]ln;]+ g]jfM efo\, >]i7lk+;+ yMyMu' vF Kj+sfbLu' vM . rfo]s"u' b' . g]jfM ;+:s[lt j g]jfM Oltxf;of Hof‰jno\ bsno\ lnkf+u' Ajo\ Hof‰jno\ 8f= h'g'sdn t'nfw/ af/] Zofd >]i7, g'tg >]i7 ‰jM Ejo\ gs]u' Hof h"u' vM;f Hof‰jMof Uj;f UjofbLu'ln+ Uj;fM

;j{1w/ t'nfwf/, k|jg /l~ht, lzsfuf]o\ ofsg+ 5u" g]jfM efo\of vn\Moft ;'efo b]5fgflbn . 

Newa American Dabu organised annual picnic at Bunker Hill, Chicago in 2011

cd] l/sfo\ gjfM] Ejo\ g]jfM cd]l/sg ba"of Uj;fno\ lzsfuf]of a+s/ lxn wOu' yf;o\ gjfMto\] u' 5u" u “Ejo\' gsltlg Sjrfn . !@% Dx g]jfMto\;+ Ajlt sfMu' pu u'' “Hjo\ ba"of 5\of+Ho] s]z/dfg tfd|fsf/+ ba"of cfh', Dx;Lsf j Gx"lk+ kbflwsf/Lto\u' Dx;Lsf laofbLu' vM . ba"kfv] + af}of VjfM :jo]u' lGx s'Gx' lzsfuf]o\ g]jfMt d'gfM …kmfb;{ 8]Ú g+ Gofo]s]u' Hof h"u' vM . u' “Ejho\ g]jfM sf;ft lDxt]u', gjfM] g;f go]u' j g]jfM Hof‰jMof 8LeL8L ljdf]rg Hof‰jM g+ ofMu' vM . Hof‰jMof cGToo\ baof" gfoM 8f= dgf]/+hg wf}e8]n+ ;'efo\ laofbLu' vM . News published in "Sandhya Times", Kathmandu

Newa American Dabu 55 lzsfuf] g]jfM

Happy New Year Happy New Year Nepal Sambat 1132 Nepal Sambat 1132 J

Gx"b“ g]=;+= !!#@ of n;tfo ;sn g]kfMldlkGt

Happy New Year Nepal Sambat 1132

Dr. Devendra, Azal, Devesh, and Anisha Amatya Charleston, South Carolina

56 Newa American Dabu lzsfuf] g]jfM Wo] af x] hs dnxd vMnf

æcøof df+ ======lh axfno\ kmno\ æpsf psf dv+nf gsltlg x] Odf+ t' + 5sM lg+ Ïot'gf . thfMu' lxn b'u' bfof o+s"u' . jof d:t 5Dx 5Dx ofof+ nfsf+ TjMtfM . æcd]l/sfo\ h";f …sGe;{ ;u{to\ .Æ uLtf kLt+ xfg+ ;u{Mkfv] kltg+ ;"hÚ Gx\ofgf h";f+ af+nfM . thfMu' lxnof ;'ofM Sog . km]zg g+ 5u" if8oGq nf dv'nf ld:to\t lhtM g'uM uv{ ];] Rjg . 5' wfMu' Yj . sdhf]/ ofo]u' .Æ uLtf kLtof v“ NxfMu' tfno\ dnfM y] + æug jgf jof n] ;'ifdf gfgL, Rj+ . ckfo\;s+ Tofg'SsÆ uLtf kLt+ lhtM xfg+ pl3|do\ uLtf kLt+ ;fdfGo h'ofM Gjt'of xn . ;'s" 5kfto\ Ïot'gf lgefM v“ Nxft . – /Lgf t'nfw/ kfgf Rj+Dx+ . æalh go] w'g nf g;] + dg;] + h'O dlhp .Æ ælgefM kfgf Rjgf nf uLtf kLt <Æ æ;'yo\ hf gofM lkxf+ jgfu' . alh ævM gfgL 5' ofo] . lgefM g+ aL g .Æ dgoflg . go] g+ lkToft . $M)) ah] ;u{to\ :jofM wfn . uLtf kLtof ;M h'Og .Æ lh+ 38L :jofM wof . ;'kfr+ e' + . jof Vjfno\ t' +s :jof . &) æg' ;f . lhyfo\ g' † lh+ alh gs] 5+t .Æ b“ b'Dx a'l/ y] + VjfM so\s' + . j ^) b“ x] uLtf kLtof ynfMSjnfM v“ lh+ dy'n . bO dv'lg lhu' cGbfho\ . 5fo\wfM;f+ jof æDxfMn uLtf kLt . lnkf jo] . lh df+ tMlwsMDx sfo lh x] HjMDx . jof d]lk+ xfnf RjgL . cftn] + djMlg d:t lgDx+ lh :jof+ Sj . drfano\ wsfM .Æ lDxt]lk+, TjfMaxfMof kf;flk+ . lhu' v“ k"jg] dnfMlg uLtf æa} +so\ jgf jofu' 8n/ sfo]t . kLt+ ¿k lxn . Ejo\ Ejo\ cd]l/sf lnxf+ jgu'] tMGx' DjfMn . Hofo\ s+s ldvf sgfM Dx"lr+u' ljbf sof jOu' . ljbf l;wOg .Æ NxfM Ajo]s' Ajo]s'+ hfu] lhu' v“ jof Gxfo\kgo\ b'xf+ dj+nf h'ofM xfn j— æxfnL 5fo\ dl;p . lhu' v“ dkm;] j+ wfn— æco\ dxfnL df+lk+ . d:to\u' gfgL x'“ v+nf vfrf lrNnfo\ bgfM n“:jof Rj+lk+ . d:to\;+ cf;f+ xfnfRj+u' Sjf“o\ Sjf“o\ jof ;n+, jof Bfs]j+ g'uM VjMlk+ . yM hs ef;+ .Æ uLtf kLt+ kltg+ ;'ofM axfno\ ;'v h";f df+–af} NjMd+lk+ . SjfMkf BMof hjkfv] + Rj+u' s' +rfo\ Sog . v'l; 5L w'g]j+ t'tf+ NjMd+lk+ . lh+ nf cg 5' + dvgf vf g+ db', x“o\ g+ a]Odfgt . oM df+ wfM jOu' db' . :jo] lh .Æ æUj lh+ nf dvgf .Æ lh+ dy'n . …odf+;f 5' xfMu' Yj .Æ lhu' g'vM

Newa American Dabu 57 lzsfuf] g]jfM vft . km' “Okm' “O ;f;M NxfgfM jf ls//{ g+ Oldu' v“ d;Ls';]+ Rjg] dkm't . æsfG5f bLks g+ cd]l/sfo\ Aj+ j+Dx Gx\on j+ . wfo]j+ d]u' ¿k sfn xfg+— æsf TjMtfu' nfsf+ Nxfto\ t' + HjgfM lh Old cg x] u| Lgsf8{ sfn . cd]l/sg ld;f /] sf vflrof d:t Odf+ bfof o+sn .Æ 5] “o\ yxf+ jgf . dftgo\;+ Rj+u' Sjyfo\ Aofxf oft . cano\ lg;] + uLtf erferf x/] akm/f vfrf . :j Sjf“o\Sjf“o\ VjMu' . uLtf kLtoft vftfo\ Ujt'sfM jL/]g bfO l8k| ];go\ jgLu' z'¿ h"u' . cy];f+ Ono\ lar/f Rr Rr .Æ uLtf kLt+ Vjla w//{ jf;M gs]t ;gfRjg . Aono\ d:to\u' GxoOk'u' va/ jo]j+ jo]sn . æx/] lzj ljr/f vfrf :j :j jof no\no\ tfofxO .Æ lknfSj y/y/ vfsfM ;'ofs] + Ujfxfln d:Q Odf+ bfof og . Rr === Rr === t't' æGx\oOk'u' va/ dfg] <Æ lh+ Gogf . sfo]eg+ axfno\ Rjo\Rjo\ 5rfMln+ ldvf t't' uLtf kLt xfnf x] Rjg . æsf 5+ dl;pnf ;'efifof lgDx d:t Ajof . uLtf kLtof xfM;M ;fdfGo nf æ1fgL h'ofM jf;M g sf . 1fgL 5 bo] w' +sn . ldUn]gfof 5Dx, bLksof dl;p yg < ;'gfg+ ‰ofn+ Sj:jM djM . Gxf+ .Æ d:to\t y] + x\oo]sfM aNn+ jf;M 5Dx . KoDx KoDx 5o\of afHof clh h'O ;Lyfo\ larfM j+lk+ y] + Rjgf jn lhtM j gsn . tLhs Ïj+ufo\ 5\o+ + lbsfM 5\ogo\ w'g lhlk+ .Æ KoDx KoDx wsfM Koklt+rf lhu' s'n TjfM c;+ axfMof 5] “vft . jf:ofjf:of oft . uLtf kLt+ a'n'x' + Gx\oM w:jfsfM v“ s+Dx jL/]g bfOof Vjfno\ uLtf kLt yMu' x] tfn+o\ xfnf x] jo]s"u' vg] b' . snfMof VjfM :jofM jL/]g lGxnf;" lkHjn . ;'kf“o\ ;'Nn lrnf jg]j+ Rjg . efUo+ jL/]Gb| bfO TjfSs b'xf+jn bfO Tjnx+ Rjg . ;B{M lkHjMy] + . axfno\ . jL/]Gb| bfO Tjfno\ ;sl;of+ n'vfv¿O RjgfM Oldt :jof RjgfDx æP ==†= awfO sf l5slk+t .Æ lhtM oMDx Ujfxflnld, uLtf kLtof hxfg † lh lxDdt ofgfM ;Mtf æjL/]g bfO †Æ g+ no\tfo] jn . ælhld 5o\lklgu' lskf æjL/]g bfO, :joflb;“ /] . uLtf kLt jL/]g bfO g+ lnkmM :jn . Sog] lGx+ 5+t . sfolk;+ k]m;a'so\ u'sy+ xfnbLu' <Æ lhu' ;M xxMk+ . æco\ ;'ifdf . 5 yxf+ jMu' x] jfM toftMu' .Æ wfwf+ sDKo"6/ rfo]s]t bg æ5' ofo]Æ wofu' efj+ jL/]g bfO g+ drfM pv] Sjyfo\ Rjg] g' .Æ j . 5\o+ ;+sn . TjfM 5u"ln+ nf]8 ;]l8¨ h" lhtM Gx\oMg];+Rj+u' lrlsrfs"u' w'n+ æy'Dx y'Dx 5o\ y'ofDx wfwf+Æ y]Rj+s j+ VjfM lvp“sn . ufMu' a}7s Sjyfo\ Ajgf o+sn . km];a'so\ 5o\lklgu' sfo ef}lklgu' g+ æ5' ofo] ;'ifdf+ u|x0f+ Hjg lhldt .Æ ækmf]x/ sf erf lGx+ luh] ofo]dt] .Æ ljb]zof /xg ;xg b'YofMu' kmf]6f] So“So+ ´;'sfM ln;] + jL/]g bfO g+ wfn . agfj6L lGxnfM wfn j+ . o+sn . æg' tn] g' 5' xfnfRjgf yg RjgfM . æ5 cd]l/sf lnxf+ jg]u' u'ln dflg < æYj sDKo"6/of hdfgfo\ 5' 5' ofo] 5+u' ;M xjfO{hxfho\ RjgfM cd]l/sf jgL Aofxf aL ofo]u' larfM db'nf <Æ ;fdfGo lhp xnf <Æ lh+ v“ y'Osf . dv' .Æ jL/]g bfO g+ NxfM HjgfM uLtf h'Ot :jn j . jofu' v“ dkm;] lh+ tKo+s æj nf vM ;'ifdf . t/ kmf]6f] :j:j+ kLtoft Old 5] “o\ yt o+sn . Gogf— æuLtf kLtoft 5' h"u' <Æ ldvf+ Vjla xfOu'of kL8f ´g tRjM . Aof6«L k"mu' Gx\ojM;f y]+ tSs x] jL/]g bfO g+ ´;'sfM tn . gdjfM. Soft'lk+ 5o\lk+ d'no\ tofM Oldu' :kz{ + g'uM bgfRjgf lh cg . % b“ cd]l/sfo\ Rjgf jofu' nfrf/ ljjz VjfMof Gx\oMg] lh+ n'w+s] db' yf} +sGxo\of afHof clhlklg . jof . Old hLjgo\ 5' h'n, u'u' h'n lh+ g+ gjfo] dl5g . knv ;'Ds x] Rjgf . Woaf db'Dx zlk¨ dn rfMlxn] y] + hs 5' + dl;p . Olk+ yxf+ j+u' :jfxfgof] ;Mln;] + erf ngfM j+ x] gjfgf xn— æ;'efif sf .Æ jofu' Yj ts{k"0f{ v“o\ wfM;f lh lhu' k'nf+u' n'dlGt ‰jMnfs bgfjn— Aofxf ofgfM cd]l/sfo\ ;]6n h" j+u' nf g+ ts{ laof— uLtf kLt hs+ u'ln r+ r+ wfMDx . Gx\oofu' + ;'ifdf+ l;p dv'nf <Æ æljb]z jg]u'oft kf]lhl6e sy+ g+ ofo]u' cf“6 b'Dx . 5] “ Hofo\ wfo]yfo\ db' . lh+ l;p wsfM 5\o+ efo\ ofgf . :jo] dfM jL/]g bfO . ljb]z jgfM ;o]s] d:to\t af]l8{¨ :s"no\Aj+s]t Woaf+ dufM ældUn]gf g+ laof 5\jof . lhrfefh' ;Ls] ofO . ttMw+u' Hof ofgfM b]zof Old . jL/]g bfO g+ h'n :s'n df:6/, yMu' ci6«]lnofo\ gful/stf sofM Hof OHht tO . lkg] j+lk;+ 5\jof xMu' nhufM :jof+ Tjfno\ ;sl;t+ Ujfxfln ofgfRj+Dx h"an] j cg x] Rjg] dfMu' /]ld6\ofG; Woaf+ yf} + b]zof cy{tGqoft ofo]u'lnO Gx\oAjfODx . uLtf kLt+ yDx+ h"n .Æ aM laofRjg . Yj g+ sd v“ dv' . lh yfHof ofgfM Woaf vfsfM d:t :jDx]l;t+ æcn] sfG5f n] <Æ lh+ RjfSs x] g+ nf cfvM Ajg] l;wM;f+ lkg] Hof ofgfM ;]G6 d]/Lh j ;]G6 h]leo/o\ Aj+sf tMu' . Gogf . drfano\ sfG5f wfo]u' aflg 5] “o\ Woaf 5\jof xofRjgf .Æ pu' avto\ lh+ af+nfs x] l;p . bLksoft . æ/]ld6\ofG;+ jMu' Woaf go] dlhp . 58 Newa American Dabu lzsfuf] g]jfM ´L;+ go]u' nf cGg x] vM . a' “Hof ofMlk+ æugof <Æ ´;'sfM ln;] + v“ :jfsn— End hO' y] + jL/]g bfO g+ gjfo]u' tSs x] dbo]s bSj bSj Nofo\Dxt lkxf+ jg]j+ æsfolk+ jOu' lGxs'Gx' uLtf lGxl5 laSs lbsn . ]6«lh8L lkmNd :jo] +ano\ y] + lhu' Yj b]o\of eljio uy] h'Ou' ;'gf+g lrptfM 5] “ ;'r'sn . Oldt oMoMu' g;f Hjn+ ldvf+ g+ Vjla lkHjn . dtM . cn] 5+ 5sM wf;f ;'ifdf, ljb]z+ Hj/]oft . ;QLlk+ yMlyltlk+ ;Mtf tn . g'un+o\ Njx+ SjlaofM jL/g] bfOgfk 5\jof xMu' Woaf+ + df+–ca'of g'uM lxo"u' t/ lh Pc/kf]6{o\ sfM jgf+nf Olk+ 5] “o\ x] ljbf sofM lh yMu' 5] “kfv] :jofM jof . n+s]u' dnd ug+ Gofo]u' bOnf y] + <.Æ djM . k'nf+u' 5] “o\ Rjg] d5" wsfM xf]6]no\ æåk+ ;'ofu' . df+–ca', yMlylt, yMu' b]o\ jL/]g bfOof Yj Wofr'ln+ hfMu' Gx\o;n+ Rj+ jg . lhldu' g'uM uo] h'n h'O 5+ x] ;stf+ TjMtfM k/b]zo\ Rjgflk+ lhld g+ wfM;f lhu' Dx't'O wf} k';f h'oflan . wfM .Æ lhu' VjfM :jofM lhu' k|ltlqmof g'uno\ kL8f b' . wfOano\ cMk'u' 5u" æ´L Rof 5sM Tjg] sf dlhpnf . lkn . lhu' Dx't' drfM . zAb …xf]dl;sÚ . Yj sdu' kL8f dv' . lh+ Rof bfo]sf xo] .Æ jL/]g bfO g+ k|;¨ æyMlklgu' ;fdfg xf]6]no\ tofM ljb]zo\ g+ g]kfMof gvMrvM xgfM lhld lxn]t :jn . j Rof bo]sf xo] wsfM axgL ltlg 5]“o\ jn . yMlyltlk+ nf g+ yMu' b'Mv t+s]u' :jo] . pv] g+ kL8f, Sjyf+ lkxf+ jg . ;sn]+ lnxf+ jg] w'+sn lnaft wsfM. y'v] g kL8f . Yj bsf] + 5'ofo]t .Æ :jMu' æuLtf kLtof xfnt yy] 5fo\ h'nÆ sfolklgu' VjfM v+an] g'uno\ k'y+ sMu' pmg Ujf/fo\ y] + RjM dn'n . 5v] + lhtM Yj Gx\o;n+ s'Q's'nf Rjg;f ;xM ofgf . uLtf no\tftf+ sfolk+t gs] ægsltlg b'xf+ jofnf . go] lkToft d]v]/ lhu' g'un+ tftfMxfo]s OtfM jftf lgs]oft . 5o\lklgu' v“ GogfM lGxnfM h'O .Æ dfd+ wfMu' ;n+ ltlg lh xf]z ljb]z jg]u' ]6«08 ;'gf+ xMu' vM . åk+ ;'oft lGxnfM h'n . t/ j x] 38LO sfolk;+ d]u' jn . lhnf yMu' 5] “o\ Kot“o\ Yogf Rjg] aLu' . yMu' eljio dfnfM b];+ lkxf+ j+lk+ ah|kft+ so]sn lhldt . Olk+ g]kfM jofu' w' +sn . Nofo\Dxto\t nf ls b]zof eljio z"Go c+zj08f ofo]t hs x“ . afMl5lt RjgfM æ5+t oMu' ;doalh Hj/] ofgf tof . ofgfRj+u' /fhg}lts cGof}noft . yMu' Old Old x] c8\8f jgfM c+zj08fof Hof 5“ ca' g sn]+ h+ lnxf+ jo]u' lnafO wofM b]o\ TjMtfM k/b]z j+lklg g+ ;'v db' . Sjrfo]sn . lhldu' efu+ Yj axfMof k'nf+ ´fMu' . dl;p k|fWofks ;+3 wfMu'of lguM Ko+uM sd] ofo] wsfM dvf yM oMlk+ 5] “ 5s" lan . lhlk+ df+–af}lk+nf gjfo] ldl6¨ x“ . 5 5fo\ lnafMu' <Æ df+Dx+ yMu' hxfg TjMtf jgL . $) 8Lu| L tfkqmdo\ d;Mlk+ BM h'ofM Rjgflaof 5'ofo] ;'ifdf tfn+ woflbn . Hof ofgfM yM hxfg hs dv' b]zoft gfgL . Olk+ cd]l/sf lnxf+ jg] w'+sfM æuLtf kLtlk+yfo\ 5¿ yxf+ jgf ts+ ltaM laof Rj+lk+ Olk+ Nofo\Dxto\t uLtfof l8k| ];g Njo\ ´g\ tRjM h'n . Rjgf .Æ ‰oft'u' ;n+ wof . hs g+ uy] åk+ aLu' . nf]stGq y] + hfMu' yy] ´fM ´fM pO“;" jOu' .Æ jof ;no\ uLtf kLtof gf+ sfo]j+ x] dfd+ yMu' le+u' kmn g+ ljiffbL h'of aLn ´Lu' Vjvgf ;M lkxf+ jn . Kofv“of The v“ xjf//{ lkt xn . sfolk+;+ cGofM ofgf b];o\ . Yj x] g]kfMldlklgu' b'ef{Uo .Æ æsf jn u/d u/d Rof .Æ VofM ofo]eg+ xfnfM Rof lgu" j la:s'6 HjgfM jn jL/]g bfO{ . æyMlklgu' ;fdfg xf]6]no\ tofM axgL ltlg 5] “o\ jn . æuLtf kLtof Gx\oM jM nf ls <Æ lh+ yMlyltlk+ nf ;sn] + lnxf+ jg] w' +sn lnaft wsfM. sfolklgu' v“r" lksof . æjf;M gsfu'ln+ 5' + 306f BgL .Æ VjfM v+an] g'uno\ k'y+ sMu' ;xM ofgf . uLtf no\tftf+ æyMu' Rof NxfMltO sofM v“ sgfxn . sfolk+t gs] lgs]oft . 5o\ lklgu' v“ GogfM lGxnfM lGxnfM t/ agfj6L lGxnf;" xo] dkm't j+ ykfno\— h'n . t/ j x] 38LO sfolk;+ d]u' ah|kft+ so]sn lhldt . æ5Gx' sfolklgu' va/ jn . Olk+ lgDx+ Olk+ g]kfM jofu' c+zj08f ofo]t hs x“ . afMl5lt RjgfM Old labf ldn] ofgfM kfMnfSs g]kfM jo]u' wsfM . uLtf no\tftf+ b]o\Gos+ xfnf h'n . Old x] c8\8f jgfM c+zj08fof Hof Sjrfo]sn . jofu' l8k| ];g g+ vg] dbof jg . ef}lk+ 5o\lk+ g+ Ajgf lx“ wsfM xfnf 5\jt .Æ æAjgf dxMnf <Æ lh+ Gogf . Newa American Dabu 59 lzsfuf] g]jfM jg . drfvfrf+ TjMtf jg]j+ u'ln g'uMVjM dfM h'of eljio . ax' hftL, efiff, wd{ BMg]Rj+u' kmfOn sof . j kmfOn lhu' lhld . l5ld;+ dl;p d} + . btkmt+ 5 x] ;+:s[lt+ hfMu' cn] k|s[ltof ckf/ ;Dkbf cd]l/sfo\ jg]u' Ej+of 8s'd]06 kmfOn . 5Dx drf lh g+ . lhu' Gx\oMg] db' . lh b'u' lh b]o\ . lhu' tMldu' b]o\ .Æ kmfOnof b'g] kf;kf]6{, kf;kf]6{of b'g] Dx\ofo\oft k/b]zo\ b'Mv dh'Odf wsfM cgfof; lhu' Gx\oMg] lh df+ b+ jn . le;fof 5fk . kmfOnof b'g] n'of jn lGx+ 5KjfM b]jf Rofs], RofGx'O 5sM df+sfM lrRofo] bgfM xfn— æsf sf :j vflrof uLtf kLtof VjfM . :j:j+ uLtf kLtof BOs] jg], k'lGx klts+ Ot' +axfno\ tf/f d:t Odf+ bfof o+sn . vfrf VjMu' :j VjfM lh df+of VjfM h'of jn . cfj]zo\ BMofyfo\ kf7ofs] 5' ofo] < wfwf+ dfd+ Sjf“o\Sjf“o\ jofu' ef;+ . sf /] sf u'xf/ lh+ j Ej+ bSj+ ‰of/l´/ v'O Togf . ldvfo\ Vjla tn . kl;{ + Rjt+ Vjla x'n . ofo] dfn akm/foft Rr Rr ===Æ lhdf+ lhtM ´;¨ xf]z jn . ;dflw lnp k|1f lhtM 5\ogo\ lkQ' lkn . 5u" x] ;'/+ xfnf Rjg . lbpu' x] dv' . jMy] + . lhtM Dx uv{ ];] ldg . lh df+ofu' :j:j+ lh df+ ´g a'l/ h'of jn . 5\o+ æk/b]zo\dv' yMu' b]zo\ dfn] lhld;+ Vjfno\ uLtf kLtof VjfM n'ofjn . ‰jf§ 5un+ t'Oof jn . nf xo\xo\ s'g . w'l; eljio . Yj le+u' kmnoft :o+sf xMu' s/]G6+ Hj+ y] + yf/f Gx'of lh . g'uM x':n' + n'of jn . :j:j+ ef/fSs a“o\ Ujt'n . ljiffbL df+oft Nox] + yg]u' lhldu' st{Ao . k'n . go] lkTofMu' g+ tg . ´'ld+ o+Dx lh df+of lhjo\ k|f0f dGt . æoM df+ † lhlk+ Nofo\Dxlklgu' Ajxno\ b' b]zof y] + s'xf+ jof ;'¿;'¿ yMu' Sjyfo\ . oM df+ ††Æ lh+ yg]t :jof . lhu' lnpg] eljio .Æ xfo\08 afo\u+ df]afOn lksof— æalh tof to] . ofsg+ yxf+ jf d} + .Æ jL/]g bfO{ b+ jn— æcd]l/sf+ 5\jof xMu' æcd]l/sfof clkm;ofu' d]n P]8«]; — dfd+ wof Rjg . Woaf+ df+–ca'of g'uM lxo"u' dnd Gofo]u' 6]S;\6 d];]h — PS;So"h dL ;/, cfO vftfo\ Ïot'gfM uafo\t Tjn]x] h'of . bOnf .Æ jL/]g bfOof ;M t;M h'h' + g Pd SjLl6¨ ha — l/hfOg];g n]6/ ljn æ5fo\ jgf Rjgf lhlk+ k/b]zo\df+ TjMtfM, Gofo] y] + Goft lhu' Gxfo\kgo\ wf/f+Ss . kmnf] — lnkf gfk nfM jo] — cfMoft df+ b]o\ TjMtfM . j x] ef}lts ;'v ;onof lh+ sfrfSs Gxfo\k+ ltgf . Hof TjMt]u' — sGkmd{ — ;]08Æ ltof lg+lt+ < yMu' b]o\ bo]s]u' d:j;] + k/b]zo\ cfj]zo\ Ajf“o+ jgfM lhu' 8]:sof laof † 

Happy New Year Happy New Year Nepal Sambat 1132 Nepal Sambat 1132 J

Washington, DC

60 Newa American Dabu lzsfuf] g]jfM

Jana Bahaa a passion rekindled

aving been involved in social With the co-operation of local Hwork from school days through people, gurujus and local entrepreneurs, Dr. Sampurna Tuladhar social service club, GAA, SEBS and we pooled together some ideas and Nepal Scouts, I learnt the challenges funds and Jana Bahaa Society was and joys that came with it, as well as created in 2006. A room was rented and the friendships built and endured. within 4 days, it was painted, carpeted Seto Machhendranath was brought Moving on with my career, this passion, and furnished. A brochure as well as to Jana Bahaa from Jamal either from somehow, silently remained deep inside a logo and paper iles, and a blog site ruined monastery or actually dug me. www.jahabahaa.blogspot.com were up by someone and enshrined in the created during that time. We got all It was on a light whilst sitting next already existing bahaa, then known as this inaugurated by the head priest of to a tourist that he casually asked me, Kanak Chaitya Mahavihara. This was the temple. “Why do you have grasses growing probably done in the time of Yakshya from the roof of your temples?” Sure, Over the period of time, we were Malla (1428-80). Thereafter the shrine one had always been aware of it but helped, with much enthusiasm, by of Avalokitesvara became the center of had taken the rather Chhu yayegu (ke a large number of local youth and the religious life of the sangha and a garne) attitude and left it at that. But entrepreneurs as well as those from popular deity of the general populace of then having had the opportunity to abroad. Meanwhile, with the help from the Kathmandu. The annual ratha jatra travel abroad and observe how even local experts and after going over pages was started, probably after the division the simplest matter of heritage is so of literature, we were able to preserve of the Malla kingdoms, to provide the immaculately looked after, somewhere a living Malla era heritage site that is people of Kathmandu with their own a deep frustration stirred. pretty much functional in the same jatra of Avalokitesvara. Jana Bahaa Thus in 2006, this social spirit was format to this day. shrine itself was rebuilt after being once again rekindled among some Let us take a short journey of history destroyed by ire in 1917. school friends and we decided on a and culture of this very intriguing place. In the courtyard in front of and mission to work around a heritage issue This courtyard, located in the historical around the temple, there are chaityas, that had, for a long time, been staring core of the city along an ancient trade pillars, images and inscriptions. There at us in the face – Jana Bahaa. route connecting India and China, is are more than ifty commemorative Why Jana Bahaa, many people well known for the temple complex structures spread around the Jana ask? The late Fr. John Locke had spent of Bodhisatva Aryaavalokitesvara. Bahaa courtyard, dating back from a quite some time studying this ancient The deity, popularly known as Jana few decades to a few centuries. Most of courtyard and had tried to unravel Bahaa Dyo (God) by Newa people them have beautiful hand-carved deities the traditions and mysteries locked essentially represents someone who displaying amazing symbolism. One there through his book ‘Karunamaya’ aspires to delay Buddhahood until all of them is that of Akshobhya Buddha ( Sahayogi Press 1980). Fr. Greg has other sentient beings have achieved (Sanskrit for “the Immovable One”) also penned a description of Nitya Puja their own Buddhahood. The deity, Akshobhya was a monk who vowed at Jana Bahaa in his book, 'Buddhist visited by both Hindus and Buddhists never to feel anger or disgust at another Daily Ritual' (Orchid Press 2002). But alike, is also known by Seto (White) being. He was immovable in keeping this much more important is the fact that Machhendranath or Karunamaya vow, and after long striving, he became the temple complex sits in the middle Lokesvara - the compassionate one who a Buddha. He is most often pictured of a busy thoroughfare and many of us is capable of relieving all beings from with his left hand resting on his lap, pass through it every day. Even more suffering. palm facing upward, and his right hand amazing is that we, as local inhabitants, It is probably accurate that the touching the earth, palm facing inward. know so little of this place. actual image of Avalokitesvara or This is the earth-touching mudra, which

Newa American Dabu 61 lzsfuf] g]jfM is the gesture used by the historical After survey trips to Raniban forest monitor community health and to Buddha (Siddhartha Gautam) when to locate fallen and aged “chilaune” trees provide general health awareness he asked the earth to bear witness to required for renovation of Jana Bahaa education with the help of volunteer his enlightenment. In Buddhist , temple, further trips were then made doctors. Another area of interest evoking Akshobhya in meditation helps by youth volunteers from Jana Bahaa has been into research work for the overcome anger and hatred. Next time area to fell and collect these trees. New preservation of historical archives with you visit Jana Bahaa, see how many wooden beams were built from these the objective of locating, translating images of Akshobhya Buddha you can trees to replace old ones on the inner and digitizing the numerous ancient ind. section of the irst and second loors inscriptions found in various wooden, Jana Bahaa Dyo is taken out of and brick tiles were laid on the irst stone and metal objects in and around the temple once a year and a bathing loor with inancial support from local the Jana Bahaa Dyo temple. Technical ceremony takes place. This is one of the community members and devotees. and inancial support from experts in two times when the deity comes out of This was the irst major renovation of this ield who are based in Nepal and the temple. The other occasion is the the temple structure carried out after abroad is being explored. chariot festival of White Machhendra about a hundred years! We are also in the process of creating Nath (the god of mercy ) which is A documentary entitled "Jheegu Jana a twenty minute audio heritage walk annually celebrated in Kathmandu. Bahaa" aimed at creating awareness around Jana Bahaa – the irst of its kind The 32 feet tall chariot with Jana about the various religious, cultural in Nepal! This will help educate not Bahaa Dyo, which symbolizes 32 and social aspects of Jana Bahaa was only the tourists but also local people, good characteristics of a person, is produced in DVD format. We also held a many of whom have no other source of pulled starting at Jamal through the screening of rare footage of Kathmandu information. old town during April in a magniicent Valley shot in 1955-7 for the beneit of Thus despite our hectic lives, our way, awakening a sense of profound the general public. religious devotion and heightened political upheavals, the perennial We have also been working with the cultural awareness among all those lack of funds, we were amazed to see help of youth volunteers from different who witness this major festival. This so much being achieved and so many non-proit organizations on ways to symbolizes that for those who are not people from all walks of life coming to beautify and keep the courtyard clean. well enough to come to Karunamaya, help with donations and ideas. It is to Currently we have security guard, the god of compassion, the deity itself be noted that a lot of these works has completely emptied the road in front goes out to the people to offer blessings. been through solicited support of half of the temple from footpath traders, Jana Bahaa is thus a living heritage with a dozen local non-proit organizations and made rules for pigeon feeding, and such as the Aryavalokiteshor Sarva a rich history. As we show in our blog sweepers round the clock. site, devotees from the wide spectrum Sangh, Machhindra Bhajan Khala, A very recent work has been to add of various communities come to Jana Pradipta Pustakalaya, Macchindra Club, another circle of 108 manes (praying Bahaa Dyo to offer prayers. This is Machhindra Rover and Ranger Scouts, particularly true when one wants to wheels) and 108 palcha (lighting pots). Kanak Chaitya Mahavihar Sudhar offer good wishes, good journey or good To add some much needed greenery Samiti. Bringing the local community recovery from illness. It is also a center to this artistically rich, sacred heritage together and obtaining their input as based on many customs and rituals site, a number of lower pots around well as exchanging ideas have been at which are widely practiced even to this the courtyard have also been placed the core of all this work. Yet many plans day and thus a center of enormous pride – many of these donated by devotees still remain incomplete and we still have for the Nepali society. from abroad. miles and miles to go. What we have been trying to do over There are plans under way for the Lastly, Jana Bahaa is only a template for the last few years is to illustrate this in design and construction of the Agam what could be achieved in Nepal. There more detail in our blog site. In brief, we (Digi) Chhen – the multipurpose public are many heritage sites like Jana Bahaa, created an ofice space with a secretary building on the eastern face of Jana which need exploring and preserving for people to visit, hold meetings, collect Bahaa. It was completely burnt down and the responsibility lies within us. We funds, archive books and hold other in a ire in 1917 AD, and was rebuilt have to rekindle this social work spirit material of interest. It has also acted as with a European-style façade. It will throughout this culturally rich country a mini-library for children to come to now be rebuilt from the ground up, with revolving around religion, architecture, read story books. An email membership a typical Newa portico. Senior architects art, music, history, celebrations, and campaign has been launched and an and engineers from the local community rituals. We can then not only become a electronic newsletter has also been have taken the lead in the planning. better, stronger and vibrant community, initiated to update the community of We are also working towards trying but also make the world understand and the work being done. to continue the free health clinic to appreciate us better.  62 Newa American Dabu lzsfuf] g]jfM

Newa American Dabu 63 lzsfuf] g]jfM

Mt. Everest Restaurant 630 Church Street Evanston, IL 60201

64 Newa American Dabu lzsfuf] g]jfM v'k' :jfxfg]

;f cg'kdfof Gxo\ u" tnfof Gx"u' ofgftMu' db', 5s" ts"u' Sjyf . j kf5] “ . Yj 5] “o\ lh yf} + Gxfkf+v';L x] Sjyfo\ bSj bfSj ;fdfgt . 5v] jofRjgf . v'k' :jfxfg] uofM lh tno\ ‰ofMkfv] ‰jMlns lgu" l;+un vftf, sMl;O jgfM cg+ Kov]/+ ldvf Ajof . 5v] c+uno\ ‰jMlns :j+uM k'nf+u' :6Ln Tjfno\ gfk+ Rj+u' 5vf 5] “ hs pln x] b/fh, 5v] s'go\ Uof; e't" lbsftMu' thfM vgL, lgvf+ 5] “of sMl; gfkgfk+ lrhfMu' l;“of b/fh, b/fh gfk+ yLyL nfM . ynant cn] 5v] s'go\ n'vf lnSs h'Ok' m, j gfk Rj+u' 5] “g+ v'k' :jfxfg] Sjyf x] :o+s bo]sftMu' lrlsrfs"u' b'u' Gxo\u" tnfof 5] “ . d]u' bSj+ 5] “ afy?d . afy?d Gx\ oMg] d]u' ;fdfgof lrhfM vgL, Sj5'gfM :jo]dfo\ s . 5´fM KjM, lggf:jof – 5KjM, lgKjM, :jKjM, zlzsnf dfgGw/ lh sMl;O RjgfM TjfMof bSj 5] “ :jof . KoKjM, GofKjM . lh+ dgdg+ cGbfh ofgf, lhu' dgo\ v“ Nxft – 5] “ bg]t t;s+ k'nf+u' 5] “of ;fdfgt h'O . jf+5\ jo] yfs' . psL;g+ Gxo\u" tnfof 5] “ bg]t g'uM :oft h'O . u'ln yfs'n h'O . 5] “hMof gfdo\ d'Ss+ 5u" vftfo\ cg'kdfof df+ km\ ot'gfRj+u' lgDx hs b', df+ j Dx\ ofo\ . df+Dx ro\ b“ vgf, lh d]u' vftfo\ km\ ot'gf . cg'kdf+ Sog] w' +sn, Dx\ofoDx clkm;+ l/6fo8{ Rof bfo]sf Rj“tn] lh jof df+gfk æ:jn] dltgf, l´b“ lt bt h'Og . cg'kdf+ Yj j} +zo\ jofM 5fo\ ukm ofgf . jof df+oft t'lt :ofOu' h' O, df+ 5] “o\ x] :jfxfg+ ykfo\ dl5+vfu' 5] “ bo]s"u' h'O < a]sf/o\ Njr+ sMu' oSj bo] w' +sn vlg+ . t'lt s't' + jofM t' lt TjMw"u' . 5] “ bo]sfM . ;L Too]sfM 5] “ Hjgf jg] :ofMu'ln+ :jfxfg] uo] dkmo\ w' +sn . db' . 5] “ hs Hjgf jg] db'u' dv', cg'kdf+ lhtM Rof lan . 5kfM jf;M ofo]u' ‰jno\ 5' d]u' 5' + g+ Hjgf jg]db' . Djftn] Rjg]t l/sflkO la:s'6 tofM g+ lan . jof hs dofgf, ofo]dfMu' df+–Dx\ ofo\ oft lgu" tnfof j x] Gxfkfof df+oft g+ Rof lan . cn] j lhgfk bSj ofgf, co\g+ df+of k'nf+u' 5] “ b', t;s+ k'nf+u' g+ dv', rf+ km\ ot'gfM lhu' af/] Gog]sg] oft . t' lt :ofMu' dn+ . ´g\´g\ bo]sf tMu' k'nf+u' 5] “ . lrs'nf+ Vjfp“ lh Rof Tjg] l;wn . :ofgf jofM :jfxfg] x] uo] dh'Ou', avf{ano\ l;r'Ou' j k'nf+u' 5] “ æ:jn] dltgf, l´b“ lt bt h'O, dkmofjg .Æ cg'kdf+ VjfM x] j]z h"u' . df+ 5]“o\ x] :jfxfg+ s't'+ jofM t'lt lvp“sfM wfn . a'l/Dx df+of p;f“o\ oft g+ j 5] “ gLu' . TjMw"u' . jf;M ofo]u' ‰jno\ 5' hs lnkf yM a'l/ h'Oano\ g+ lhpu' 5] “ . dofgf, ofo]dfMu' bSj ofgf, co\ g+ df+of a]sf/o\ y'gfM l;d]G6of Gxo\u" tnfof t'lt :ofMu' dn+ . ´g\ ´g\ :ofgf jofM 5] “ bo]sn . :jfxfg] x] uo] dkmofjg .Æ cg'kdf+ VjfM lh sMl;+ s'xf+ jgf . v'k' :jfxfg+ lvp“sfM wfn . s'xf+ jgf . tnfklts+ afn+ Rj+Rj+lk+ lh+ lrku' Unf; cg'kdf+ DjfM wfo]s b' . lh cg'kdf j jof df+ Rj+Rj+u' a]lzgo\ to] o+sf cn] NxfM l;nfM y'v] 5] “lbof tnfo\ jgf . 5] “lbof Sjyf af/o\ jof . lrk dofgfu' la:s'6 b'u' l/sflk

Newa American Dabu 65 lzsfuf] g]jfM DjfsfM wfn . æsd;]sd 5s" Sjyf nf No+s] dfMu' Yj KjMkL vftf Sj;+ b'u' lrUjMu' afs; ;fnf sfn . pls+ j;M lnsft . bSj :jyg]tÆ lhtM wfo] dfl:tjMu' v“ , lhu' Dx't' + lhtM ´:; n'dg, SofDk; Ajgfu' lkxf+ x] jn . æcy] ofo] ldn] dh'n . :jn] Ono\ cg'kdf t;s+ 3dG8L . cfts g+ 3dG8 ofo]u' afgL blg vlg+ jof . dltgf, yMlk+ x] :jfxfg] uo] dkmo] w' +sn;f cfM 3dG8 oftls xf]; tgL wfMu' Yj x] xfg+ ;fdfgt 5fo\ tno\ Sjyfo\ to]u' <Æ cg'kdf+ vM wsfM lh+ dgdg+ n'd+sf . cg'kdfof 3dG8 vgfM lh ;'Ds Rjgf . dgo\ yMu' afWotf sg . j;M 5v] tn . wfM;f xfg+ v“ Nxft, df+–Dx\ofo\ lgDx hs b', lnkf y'lk+ l;tls Yj 5] “ jof 5v] tof . yM dfd+ yMt lh2Ljfn wsfM ssf j ssfof sfolk+;+ SjfKk gOu' æYjof g+ t'lt :ofMÆ dfDx+ Rofof Unf; s' +lvp“u' GogfM 5´fM cg'kdf ;'Ds h'O . DjfMn, Yj lnkfof v“, 5' h'O vftf Sj;+ tofM wfn . Rjg . lhtM 5sM k'n'Ss :jn . joft wfo] dk' mlg, cfM 5fo\ larfM ofo]u' < æl/6fo8{ h'Og, v'nf hs blg . Gxo\ u" tnf 5] “ bo]sfM kZtfo\ nf cjZo æcn] ======Yj ;fdfgo\ KjM, dl5+s y'lsof lrGtf z'? h"u' Ono\ Yj k'ln rfn h'O t/ j+ Yj v“ dgo\ t' + b';'gf yg 5fo\ tof tOu' <Æ lh+ d]u' Gx\o;M lgun+ :ofOu' Njo\ g+ z'? h'n .Æ 5\ jn y] + Rjg . Gogf . cg'kdf+ yMu' k'ln lyofM wfn . wf;f cg'kdf, 5+ ykfo\dl5+vfu' 5] “ æ:jn] dltgf, a} +s+ plndl5+ Tofo\ æ5+ :jfxfg] uo] k'm nf <Æ lh+ 5fo\ bgfu'Æ, lh+ xfg+ Gogf . sofu' b', Aofh k'n] DjfMnnf < pls+ RjfSs Go]gf . æ:jn] dltgf, lhld afM dbo] w' +sfM tno\ bSj Sjyfo\ afn+ tof tOu' b' .Æ æyfs' . pls+ ======Æ j+ wfo]u' lbsn . ssf+ lhldt x]k] ofgfxn . lhld;+ cg'kdf+ k'lnO jf;M a'a' + wfn . ædf+–Dx\ ofo\ lgDx]l;of+ t'lt :ofOu' k'nf+u' 5] “ Gxfkf b'g] + hs af/o\ ofgfM æsd;]sd 5s" Sjyf nf No+s] dfMu' Njo\ b', :jfxfg] uo] yfs' . xfg+ 5fo\ al5 al5 ofgftofu' . lhld afMgfk Yj KjMkL bSj :jyg]tÆ lhtM wfo] ykfo\ dl5+ vfu' 5] “ bgfu' <Æ Gog]dfl:t ssfof 5' v“o\ t+ jM, j lh+ dl;p . dfl:tjMu' v“, lhu' Dx't' + lkxf+ x] jn . jMu' Gx\ o;M :jfQ x] Gogflaof lh+ . 5] “ y'gfM Gx"u' Gxo\u"tnfof 5] “ bo]sn æcy] ofo] ldn] dh'n . :jn] dltgf, æ:jn] dltgf, lh+ ykfo\ dl5+vfu' Gxo\ u" cn] lhtM wfn, æl5lk+ df+–Dx\ofo\ tnfof 5] “ 5fo\ bg] nft, Go“ ======Æ lgDx ld;fto\;+ Gx"u' 5] “ uy] ofgfM yMlk+ x] :jfxfg] uo] dkmo] w' +sn;f cg'kdf+ wfo]u' z'? oft . lh bo]sfgO < 5] “ bg]t cf“6 dfM cf“6 . cfM xfg+ ;fdfgt 5fo\ tno\ Sjyfo\ jofu' v“ Gog]t pT;'s h'ofM jofu' cf“6 db'lk+ ld;ft, Rj+Rj+ Yj lgu" to]u' <Æ cg'kdf+ yMu' afWotf sg . VjfM :jofRjgf . j+ Sjo\ :jof+ Rj+Rjg tnfof 5] “ lhptfMl5 . j;M 5v] tn . 5´fM . ælhld ssf+ x]k] ofgfM yy] wfMu' 5´fM xfg+ t'lt :oftls u'ln b'Mv ælhtMnf k'nf+u' 5] “ x] lhp . Gx"u' lhtM ;x ofo] yfs'n . cf“6 db'lk+ h'O wsfM j+ sg . lh+ GogfRjgf . thfo\s l;d]G6Lof 5] “ bo]s]dt] wsfM ld;ft x“ . :j wfMu' . lhtMnf rfGxo\ jg] Too]sfM lh+ cg'kdfof NxfM lh+ u'ln hs wof . Yj dfgo\ x] g+ af+nfs Gx\ oM djn . cn] lh+ …lhs] HjgfM lhu' g'uM v“ sgf, æcg'kdf, dh" . lh2L ofo]u' afgL, drf+lg;] +of cf“6 b' :jÚ wsfM Sog]u' SjMl5gf . :j yMs] b'u' bSj lt;f ldofM, a} +s+ afgL . Goo\ Rofb“ bOg, afgL wfM;f k'nf+u' lgu" tnfof 5] “ y'gfM a} +s+ Tof;f plndl5+ Tof;f sofM, yMlk+;+ plndl5 t;s+ lh2L ofo]u' afgL . Yjof ca' sof . df+ j lhu' lt;f bSj ldof . 6]G;g kmofM, b'Mv l;ofM bo]s"u' v'k' g+ Yj y]+ x] t;s+ lh2LjfnÆ Gxfo\ bl5 b'g] lh+ ssfof kfo\vfu' Gxo\u" :jfxfg] l5ld;+ uo] dvg, vM ls so\s'+sfM cg'kdfof dfd+ wfn cn] tnf 5] “ bgfM Sogflaof . ssfoft dv' <Æ lhu' v“ GogfM cg'kdf jftfxf+ vftfo\ Ujt'n . lhu' cf“6 Sogflaof .Æ cg'kdf+ Gxfo\ h'n . j+ 5' + ln;M aLdk' mt .  66 Newa American Dabu lzsfuf] g]jfM

Happy New Year Happy New Year Nepal Sambat 1132 Nepal Sambat 1132

Happy New Year Happy New Year Nepal Sambat 1132 Nepal Sambat 1132 U

Newa American Dabu 67 lzsfuf] g]jfM

68 Newa American Dabu lzsfuf] g]jfM u'ln Ho"

jf ‰jfd‰jfd jofRj+u' b' . :jGx' KoGx' x] bt . ygof k|s[lt g+ ch" rfofk' . y'u' ;d/o\ e'vfo\ g+ Ajn . %=( x]S6/ Go"of]s{ ;]G6/ nft vgL . North Carolina o\ nft . ======d]d]u' Ono\ :jof+ jf g+ tMGx' x] bt dlbSs jofRj+u' . cflv/ k|s[lt x] dv'nf lxnf;" nf jof x] RjgL . ;'gf+ kg] kmO . ===== lhlk+ yg j;f+lg;] + oSj dn (Mall) t rfMlxn] w'g . lGxl5 lGxl5 laSs . HoMgf+–a]ln x] /]i6'/]G6o\ gg+ . ;fk Gx\oOk';] Rj+ . Gx\ofUu' k;no\ b'xf+ j+;f+ 5' 5' Gofo] dfMu' . Yanree O b'xf+ j+;f+ d}gdtof g:jfM . a]8 PG8 af7o\ b'xf+ j+;f lqmd j a8L nf]zgof g:jfn+ yMlk+ x] x\jfnf x\jfnf g:jfOu' . Macy's k;no\ Barbie Doll to\u' VjfMkfM, Dx :j:j+ lh nf Hjno\ x] tgLu' . Oldu' Dx af+ Dxw" b'g] yM x] b'gf aLnf wof y] + RjgLu' . yLyL ;fOhof j;M :j:j+ jgf . ld;fto\u' hs j;M dLu' yfo\ (Ladies Department) o\ XL ;fOh n'n . 6«fon ofgf . gfs+ kmL6 dh" . Gxfltsf lvp“sfM lkxf+ jof . xfsg+ d]u' Noof . 6«fon ofgf . u'u' + uMkM x\jftf+, u'u' + 5flt 5\oftf+ . u'u' + Sjnfl5 tfMxfsM . pkm † /]l8d]8 j;Mof Unfit-body. cy];f+ oMy] + tfMu' 5h'–lgh' Gofgf xofM . wfy] + nf ygoflk+t Dxaf+ l5+s j;M ;'of tO . Ujf/fDx, tMlwsMDx, e't'Dx, u+l;Dx – ;/:jtL t' nfw/ GofDx]l;t g+ lkm6 h'O . z'qmjfMof lGx . lGxgl;of KotfM O{ h'O w' +sn jf jof+ Rjg ltlg . lhlk+ BJis Mall jgf . xf]n;]n l8kf6{d]G6 k;M . lgt“–:jt“ hfMu' k;M . Vjfp“;] l;Rr';] Rj+ . t/ lhu' g'uM wfM;f ‰oft' . pv]yv] :j:j+ jgfM . ttMhfo]s ;fdfgt k“lrgf tMu' . e't"ofu', afy?dofu', g;f Hjn+, ;stf+ b' . j“j+ ;'6s]zof l8kf6{d]G6o\ Yog . tMu' x] sDkgLof ;'6s]zt Samsonite, Swiss, Gear, z'qmjfMof lGx . lGxgl;of Lucas cflb b' . KotfM O{ h' O w' +sn jf jof+ Dx\ofor+ ædf+oft u'u' /+u oM y] + NoÆ wfn . 5´fM nf lhu' ldvf+ 5' + x] /+u Rjg ltlg . lhlk+ BJis Mall ltÏofo] dk' mt . æj“r'u', Dxf;'u', x\ofp“u' l;a] + xfs'u' x] af+nf xnf df+Æ wfwf+ jgf . xf]n;]n l8kf6{d]G6 cd]l/sg 6'l/i6/ sDkgLof xfs'u' ;'6s]z rfo]sn . k'Q'k'Osn . xfs'u' x] af+nfM k;M . lgt“–:jt“ hfMu' k;M . tfo]sn . lhs] lhp–dlhpof ln;M djn . lh+ nf Sjfln6L g+ dl;p . l5ld;+ Vjfp“;] l;Rr';] Rj+ . t/ lhu' :jofM Gof wsfM ln;M laof . Dx\ofo\r+ lhu' Vjfno\ 5sM k'n'Ss :jn . æ5fo\ doMnf Yj ;'6s]z Ko+uMof ;]6 g vM+ . @–# s]=hLoft ufM . Hand Carry g'uM wfM;f ‰oft' . pv]yv] lguM g+ Hof jM . 3MrfM t'OsfM ;'6s]z ;le{; sfpG6/o\ xof . d]d]u' ;fdfgof :j:j+ jgfM . ttMhfo]s ln;] + Woaf k'n . d" g+ Gog] DjfMu', ef+ g+ to]DjfMu' . bf+ g+ Hjg] DjfM . qm]l86 ;fdfgt k“ lrgf tMu' . e't"ofu' , sf8{ :jfo\k oft . lan – sfn . a; . afy?dofu' , g;f Hjn+ , ;stf+ Aolnof O{ BJs Mall of gfk;+ Wild Buffalo wings /]i6/]G6o\ jgf . b' . j“j+ ;'6s]zof l8kf6{d]G6o\ ljZjof gf+hfMu' sf;fof l6=eL= b'u' g;f k;M . cKjM y] + gRrflk+ Nof;] Nofo\Dxt Yog . gM jOu' k;M . sf;f x\oldlklg go]u', Tjg]u' j Gx\oOk's]u' k;M . sfnfs'n' xfM ;n+ Gxfo\k+ x] GjM . knv lnkf g;fHjn+ to] xn . Chicken wings, rivs,

Newa American Dabu 69 lzsfuf] g]jfM onion rings, bear, roseberry lamonade ======lro;{ ofof+ gof . gg+ Gx\oOk's kf]h–kf]h sofM lskf sof . b'g] + b'g] + wfM;f g'uM v'nnn ldgf jO . l6:o" k]k/+ ldvf s'go\ lts] . s[lqd lGxnf;" lkAjof . 5] “o\ Yog . sf/+ wdfwd ;fdfg Sjsfn . O{ cfkfM dbo] w' +sn . sGxo\lg;] + ;fdfg Kofls¨ ofM;f+ lhn . GofGx' hs No+ blg . bsno\ tUjMu' ;'6s]z Sjyfo\ to]xn . ;'6s]zo\ ;fdfg tt+ jgf . luÏ6 ;fdfg x] oSj b' . j;M, d]df]/L sk, k/Ïo"d, Gx\oAjM;f, d:to\u' ;k" m . Gx\o+Sj hs tof . dGx\o+Sj lnsof . lnxf+ jo]u' lb+ Yog . ;u+ aLt Vo] + dg . k'hfeM tn . n“o\ go]t wsfM g;f Hjn+ tn . lGxgl;of 5tfM O{ h'n . Dx\ofo\r+ NxfM lksof uf+ Gon . lhldt Ïot'sfM ;u+ aLt k'hfeM Hjg . ;'s'Gbf Rofsn . lh+ joft VjfM r"nfs :jo] dk' mt . ldvf k'v" h'n . g'uMoft Sjft'Ss lrgfM ;u+ kmof sof . ;u+ sfo] w'g]j+ ;'6s]z j d]d]u' ;fdfg Sjt o+sn . lhlk+ g+ s'xf+ jof . d:t :jo]dfMu' h"u'ln+ Dx\ofor+ lhldt Pc/kf]6{o\ tM djM . n'xf+ lkxf+ jgf . lnkmM :jofM afo] wfo]u' cf“6 g+ dGt – lhs] . uf8LO £jf/fSs x] b'xf+ jgf . lhu' g'uno\ v“ jfn lgnf hs h";f Visa Extend ofMu' h";f ======a;\ . 

70 Newa American Dabu lzsfuf] g]jfM

Newa American Dabu 71 lzsfuf] g]jfM

Photos of Indra Jatra

72 Newa American Dabu

Happy New Year Nepal Sambat 1132 Gx"b“ g]=;+= !!#@ of n;tfo\ ;sn g]kfMldlkGt

Newa American Dabu Chicago, USA Email: [email protected]