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ITALY BID PROPOSAL 18TH WORLD CONFERENCE ON EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING 2024 WWW.WCEE2024.IT MILANO, MICO CONGRESS CENTER PROPOSED LOCATION AND DATE PROPOSED DATE: June 30th - July 5th 2024 2 Dear Professor Masayoshi Nakashima and dear National delegates, the Italian National Association of Earthquake Engineering (INAEE/ANIDIS) is pleased to renew its expression of interest in organizing the 18TH World Conference on Earthquake Engineering (WCEE 2024) in Milano, Italy, in July 2024. The ANIDIS, founded in 1987, is member of IAEE since the same year (1987). Italy has a long history in earthquake engineering. Considering the recent past: Luigi Palmieri invented in 1856 the electromagnetic seismograph used to record the ground motions and volcano eruptions; Modesto Panetti and Arturo Danusso in 1909 introduced the design of seismic structures and conceived the early dynamic analysis method in earthquake engineering; Giuseppe Grandori is the Father of the Italian seismic engineering and seated as President of the International Association for Earthquake Engineering from 1988 to 1992; Paolo Pinto is honorary member of the International Association for Earthquake INVITATION Engineering; Ezio Faccioli was Director of the IAEE from 2004 to 2012 and currently Gian Michele Calvi is one of the Directors as well. LETTER The entire Italian earthquake engineering community strongly supports this proposal and several national and international companies, research centers and governmental institutions have been endorsing this initiative and offering their support for an outstanding edition of WCEE. Moreover, the involvement of graduated students, young scientists and professionals is pivotal to us. Affiliated Universities, including the University School for Advanced Studies (IUSS), the University of Pavia and the Politecnico di Milano, will commit themselves to maximize the involvement of young national and international researchers. Milano is at the heart of Europe and can be easily reached from all countries thus being one of the preferred destinations for the organisation of international congresses worldwide. It is a multifaceted city with a glamourous past and exciting present with its venues of great value, its historic and cultural excellence, its strong hospitality industry and its excellent connections. The congress venue MiCo, the largest Conference Centre in Europe, is downtown and with its 73 conference rooms can accommodate up to 18.000 delegates. Walking distance hotels, restaurants, shopping district and direct access to Milano’s Subway make MiCo the ideal venue for large-scale international conferences. Italy is a country of high seismic risk, and, in recent decades, it has been struck by several earthquakes. Our territory boasts the highest number of UNESCO world heritage sites in the world though being affected by a high seismic activity. This requires constant investments in terms of research, innovation and new technologies. WCEE 2024 will be an excellent opportunity to share, within the world seismic engineering community, excellence in research, technology and commitment in the field of risk mitigation. Looking forward to welcoming you and the World Conference on Earthquake Engineering delegates in 2024 in Milan. Kindest regards. Prof. Franco Braga ANIDIS President 3 EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING IN ITALY It may be argued that in the western hemisphere earthquake engineering started with Pliny the Elder, the great Roman scientist and admiral of the fleet who died by scientific curiosity during the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 AD. In his Naturalis Historia, the ancestor of encyclopedias, with its 37 books in 10 volumes dealing with the entire knowledge of the time, from astronomy to precious stones, he dictated the fundamental rules to build seismic resistant buildings. He also recorded that the Temple of Artemis (called Diana by Pliny) constructed in the mid 6th century BC, was built on marshy ground, with layers of charcoal and animal hides beneath the foundations to ameliorate the effects of future earthquakes. This is possibly how seismic base-isolation OUR started. HERITAGE Towards the end of the fifteenth century it was Leonardo who discussed about protection from earthquakes (del riparo a’ terremoti) and, by the way, the magnificent museum with the reproduction of his magical machines is walking distance from the proposed site of the conference. About one century later it was the time of renaissance treaties and following the Ferrara earthquake of 1570, Stefano Breventano, the caretaker of the Accademia degli Affidati, wrote in Pavia his Treaty on Earthquake and Pirro Ligorio from Naples suggested how to design a seismic resistant building. This was merely a matter of implementing geometric rules of proportion and structural details about the connection between walls and floor, which, however, would have considerably reduced the number of victims and the amount of damage if they had been systematically implemented in the construction of historic buildings. By the way again, this was the time of foundation of the splendid university residencies (Collegio Borromeo and Collegio Ghislieri in Pavia, which may be visited during the conference) that for half a millennium grown some of the best minds in Italy and may be considered the forefathers of the ROSE School. In the seventeenth century it was Galileo who paved the way to Newton to express the two fundamental laws of earthquake engineering (sure, they were called the second and third laws of physics, but it is undeniable that proportionality between force and acceleration and equilibrium are the fundaments of seismic design). The real extent and power of Newton’ law became evident in the aftermath of the Messina earthquake at the end of 1908: four months later an innovative Technical Standards was published, a summary of modern seismic engineering, which, reviewed with 100 years hindsight demonstrates an extraordinary quantum leap in understanding the seismic response of structures. It shows that engineers were finally using Newton’s equation to determine lateral forces to be applied to building design; it suggests back-analysis of structures that have survived strong shaking as a means for determining appropriate limits to seismic accelerations; it recognizes that a different design philosophy is appropriate for seismic actions, compared with other load cases, allowing higher stress levels; it also recognizes that providing excessive stiffness may be counterproductive; it introduces the concept of what we now call a behaviour factor (or force-reduction factor), implying acceptance of some damage and ductility demand; it implies that damage is acceptable in rare events, but that design for life safety is paramount. In other words, the document provides a first attempt at performance-based seismic design. 4 It is also worth noting that one of the post-disaster committees set up after the Messina earthquake drew up a report that can be considered the forerunner of earthquake hazard maps, providing information on the geological and geotechnical criteria to be considered in order to reduce seismic risk. In the past half century Italian engineers and scientists have been at the forefront of engineering seismology and earthquake engineering, providing fundamental contributions to performance-based and displacement-based design. In this case, however, the times are closer to the present and we may thus pass from history to chronicle, inappropriately juxtaposing names of living people to Leonardo and Galileo. It is thus preferable to switch from names to facts. Since the Friuli earthquake in 1976, Italy has had to face relatively strong events with an average return period of 12 years. In most cases an extraordinary capacity of facing critical emergencies combined with enlightening models of reconstruction and preservation of the cultural heritage was shown, like in the OUR restauration of Gemona (following the 1976 event), Sant’Angelo dei Lombardi (following the 1980 event) and the Basilica frescoed by Cimabue in Assisi (following the 1997 event), or in the construction of 186 high-tech isolated buildings for about 15,000 homeless people following the L’Aquila earthquake HERITAGE (2009). These and other cases may become (in six months) the destinations of pre- or post-conference technical tours. The contribution of Italian researchers to the development of earthquake engineering is mirrored by the presence at the 16 World Conferences held between 1956 and 2017. A total of 1288 participants can be counted, with the progression shown in the figure below and with only one case (Tokyo 1960) without an Italian presence. Since 1992 at least one Italian was invited to deliver a keynote lecture at each world conference. 5 In the year 2000 the European School of Advanced Studies on Reduction on Seismic Risk opened in Pavia and became rapidly known worldwide as the ROSE School. The proposal for its foundation stated “a common problem for most graduate schools is the quality and completeness of the faculty, since it is difficult to have all the necessary competence within a single institution and to attract specialists to teach long courses. On the contrary, it is conceivable to organize the teaching system in short courses, of a duration of not more than one month, offered in series with little overlapping and therefore asking to each member of a highly qualified international faculty, to teach a course every two-three years.” The ROSE School courses started in 2001 with 6 students, in the

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