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The Lone Shieling, Or, the Authorship of the The Lone Shieling Or The ^Authorship of "The Canadian "Boat Song" with other Literary and Historical Sketches ABERDEEN MARKET CROSS. FROM A LITHOGRAPH BY JOHN HENDERSON (C. 1843) OF A DRAWING PREPARED IN THE OFFICE OF JOHN SMITH, CITY ARCHITECT, WHO SUPERINTENDED THE REMOVAL AND REBUILDING OF THE CROSS, 1842. The Lone Shieling OR THE AUTHORSHIP OF THE "CANADIAN BOAT SONG" WITH OTHER Literary and Historical Sketches BY Gf^M. FRASER HI LIBRARIAN, PUBLIC LIBRARY, ABERDEEN AUTHOR OF "The Green and Its Story": "Historical Aberdeen" Aberdeen William Smith & Sons, The Bon-Accord Press 1908 608207 PRINTED BY WILLIAM SMITH & SONS, THE BON-ACCORD PRESS l8 UNION TERRACE, ABERDEEN INTRODUCTORY. " authorship of The Canadian Boat Song," THEone of the interesting literary problems that came over to the new century, has remained a pro- blem because, possibly, sufficient attention was not paid to its literary history. One can only judge in such matters from a fairly full knowledge of the root facts. It will be seen, in the essay on Literary Deceptions, that successful deception was possible only so long as people confined attention to the general character and results of an enterprise ; when some one person left these alone for a little, and penetrated backward to the origin of the matter, and " " operated there, the mystery usually became plain, often squalid enough. In the present attempt to solve this well known literary problem, that process has been followed, with what success readers must judge for themselves. Then, too, a considerable part of the case, in this instance, rests on internal evidence, and it will be said Introduction. that, in literary criticism, internal evidence is unsafe. In general, that is true. As all who are familiar with literary history know, however, internal evidence may be founded upon, to discover authorship, with perfect accuracy. Students of Scott will know the consider- able volume, published in 1821, and again in 1822, in which John Adolphus, working on internal evidence alone, laid bare the personality of Walter Scott as the author of the Waverley Novels, and every aspect of his literary character and method, as unerringly as if it had come from Scott himself, signed by his own hand. An interesting recent example is that recorded by Dr. Robertson Nicoll, in his "Life of Ian Maclaren," where an acute critic pierced the pseudonymity of the name, and had his success so wittily acknowledged. It should be said that those interested in rather fuller details of the literary history of the subject may be referred to a communication by the present writer in The "Times" Literary Supplement of 23rd December, 1904. The detail bibliography of the subject has certain attractions, but would have been out of place in this volume, and must be reserved for a more technical work. Most of the essays in this volume appeared in The Aberdeen Free Press, The Glasgow Herald, The Introduction. Scottish Review, The Scottish Historical Review, and The Book- Lover? Magazine, I have to thank the editors of these periodicals for permission, cordially given, to republish the essays. G. M. FRASER. November, 1908. CONTENTS. 1. THE LONE SHIELING; OR, THE AUTHORSHIP OF "THE CANADIAN BOAT SONG," 3 The remarkable character of this literary problem. First appearance of the poem. Its literary history in the nine- teenth century. A Gaelic or an English composition? Various claims for its authorship : the Earl of Eglintoun, John Gait, John Gibson Lockhart, Christopher North. Analysis of John Wilson's literary work. A literary touch-stone. The language and imagery of the poem. The conclusion as to the authorship. 2. SOME NOTABLE LITERARY DECEPTIONS, 35 Literary mystification in general. The spurious in ballad literature. Peter Buchan and his work. Sir Walter Scott hoaxed. Pitcaim and the Aberdeen ballad. The strange case of the Codex Sinaiticus. William Lander and the Milton plagiarisms. John Pinkerton and the "Select Scottish Ballads." Steevensand his discoveries. William Ireland and the Shakespearian forgeries. 3. A SCOTS TOWN COUNCIL AS PATRONS OF LITERATURE, 67 The notable literary renaissance in Aberdeen in the seventeenth century. Encouragement of letters by the magistrates. Edward Raban, the first printer, and his work. Literary grants from town's funds. David Wedderburn and his Latin Grammar. Literature dur- ing "the Troubles." A reproof to royalty. The Town Council order the printing of the first weekly periodical in Scotland. Parson Gordon and his maps. Decadence. 4. SIR WALTER SCOTT AND THE ABERDONIANS, ... ... 85 Scott's opinion of Aberdonians in general. Dugald Dalgetty. Scott and the Market Cross. His lack of knowledge of the historical antiquities of the district. Indebtedness to Chalmers. Alexander Chalmers " George of the Biographical Dictionary." The story of Scott's two sermons. His visit to Waterloo, guided by an Aber- Contents. donian. His friendship with James Skene of Rubislaw. Sir William Forbes of Pitsligo and his relations with Scott. His conduct in the financial crash. The pathetic close. THB IDEAL EDITION OF LOCKHART'S "LIFE OF SCOTT," 103 The need of a properly annotated edition of the work. Some important features lacking in present editions. The Scott Monument and its architect. Personal and literary relationships of Scott. Contemporary effect of Scott's writings. The characters in the novels. Sources whence these are drawn. Bibliographical helps to the student of Scott's works, 6 AN ABERDEEN LITERARY CENTENARY, 115 Anniversary of the death of James Beattie, of "The Minstrel." A forgotten celebrity. Character of the man, and lack of a human biography. Beattie's birth and schooldays. Tendency to poetical composition. Con- tributions to "Scots Visit to of " Magazine." Gray, The Elegy." Appointment to professorship. His literary work. The famous "Essay" on Truth. "The Minstrel." Social and literary relationships. The sad end. Beattie's place in national literature. 7. SAMUEL RUTHERFORD IN ABERDEEN 127 Rutherford's banishment to Aberdeen. His marvellous industry in letter-writing. The conditions in the town at the time, and Rutherford's reception and treatment. The friendliness of the Provost's family. Encounters with the Aberdeen Doctors. His trying silence from preaching. Home sickness. Failing influence of Prelacy. The joyful departure for home. 8. POLMUIR: THE STORY OF A SUBURBAN RESIDENCE, ... 137 Ancient feuing of the lands of Ferryhill, near Aberdeen. Professor Blackwell and Polmuir. The Blackwell family. The romantic episode of Elizabeth Blackwell and the "Herbal." Alexander Blackwell, as a king's physician in Sweden. His execution. John Ewen, of "The Boatie Rows," and Polmuir. The Dingwall Fordyces and the property. Laying out of Arthurseat. Sir Alex- ander Bannerman, Aberdeen's first Reform M.P. Visit of Lord Brougham. The coming of the railway. Miss Elizabeth Duthie and the property. The Duthie Park. Contents. 9. "ABERDEEN" AS A HISTORICAL PLACE-NAME, 151 The lack of accurate knowledge on the place-names 01 Scottish towns. Confusion that has subsisted relative to "Aberdeen." The explanation of that. Ancient map- makers and the name. "Aberdon," and "Aberdonia." The name in the earliest records. Cosmo Innes and the charters. The Book of Deer. Dr. Joseph Robertson and "Apardion." The actual derivation. "Aber"and "Inver" as Celtic descriptive terms. Their relative distribution. Aberdeen the point of separation between the two great groups of Celtic tribes. The "Dee" in the name, and the influence of the Dee and not the Don in fixing the name. The final "n" as a Pictish genitive. Examples of such in the neighbourhood. 10. AN ABERDEENSHIRE RURAL PRESS, 169 " Mill of Tifty's Annie," and other popular ballads in Aberdeenshire. The Fintray Press and its Chap Books. John Gumming, the founder, and his early years. The D. his Aberdeenshire Canal. John Longmuir, LL. , and work. His connection with the literary " Fintray Chap Books. List of the series. Where the Gadie rins." Some notable omissions from the ballads. Larger pro- ductions of the Fintray Press. 11. THE STORY OF AN ABERDEEN MEMORIAL: AN ARCHI- TECTURAL EPISODE, 183 Early architectural rivalry in Aberdeen. John Forbes of Newe, a notable public benefactor. Proposals for a statue. Flaxman consulted. Decimus Burton and the Hyde Park Facade. His plans for the Forbes Memorial. John Smith, City Architect, and the scheme. His plans for the St. Nicholas Fa9ade and the Forbes Obelisk. Public feeling over the design. Literary squabbles. Archibald Simpson, architect, and his work in the north. His proposals for the removal of the Obelisk. Successive sites. The Woolmanhill and its improvements. The new Infirmary Buildings. The Obelisk in the distant Asylum Grounds. Forgotten. 12. A MARKET CROSS AND ITS STORY, ... ... 199 " " Two Market Crosses in Aberdeen. The Flesh Cross in the direct succession since the days of Bruce. A Covenanters' guard-house between the Crosses. The Cross "dung doun" by the Reformers. Celebrations at Contents. the Cross. Popular error as to the running of wine. The actual quantities. The practice of breaking the glasses. Punishments at the Cross. The Magistrates exceeding their powers. Fined by the Court of Session. Public proclamations. Parliament and proclamations at the Market Cross. Execution of Montrose restoring of the limbs from Scottish Burghs. Contracts for present Cross, 1686. Its special features. Jacobites at the Cross in 1745. Rebuilding in 1821. A singular discovery. The Cross as a post-office. Change of site in 1842. Curious legal problem. The Market Cross a precious civic possession. 13. ABERDONIANS VIEWED FROM THE OUTSIDE, 225 A self-contained city. The type of character developed in Aberdeen. Some advantages and defects. Aber- donians as pioneers. Peter Williamson and the penny post. Forsyth and the percussion lock. Sir Thomas Urquhart and a universal language. Notable early " " journalists. The honours three of Scotland. Aber- donian close-fistedness. Contributions by the town to outside objects. The dialect. Some criticisms. Cemeteries and tombstones.
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