Threat and Vulnerability Assessment of CHAL Working Units
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HARIYO BAN PROGRAM II (2016-2021) THREATS AND VULNERABILITIES ASSESSMENT OF WORKING UNITS OF CHITWAN ANNAPURNA LANDSCAPE Prepared by: WWF in partnership with CARE, FECOFUN and NTNC P.O. Box 7660 Kathmandu, Nepal 4 May 2017 © WWF 2017 All rights reserved Any reproduction of this publication in full or in part must mention the title and credit WWF. Published by WWF Nepal PO Box: 7660 Baluwatar, Kathmandu, Nepal T: +977 1 4434820, F: +977 1 4438458 [email protected] , www.wwfnepal.org/hariyobanprogram Disclaimer This Threats and Vulnerabilities Assessment of Working units of Chitwan Annapurna Landscape is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. Contents INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 4 Working Units of Seti Block ....................................................................................................................... 5 METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................................................ 6 Criteria for Threat Rating .......................................................................................................................... 6 Absolute Threat Rating ............................................................................................................................. 7 Gaighat block ................................................................................................................................................ 8 Threat ratings of Gaighat Block................................................................................................................. 9 Pressure Points and poverty pockets in Gaighat Block ........................................................................... 10 Sukhaurakhola sub-watershed block .......................................................................................................... 11 Threat ratings of Sukhaura Khola Sub Watershed .................................................................................. 12 Pressure points and poverty pockets in Sukhaurakhola sub-watershed ................................................ 13 Jamune Pokari Bhanyang Block .................................................................................................................. 14 Threat ratings of Jamune Pokhari Bhanjyang Block ................................................................................ 15 Pressure points in Jamune Pokhari Bhanjyang Block.............................................................................. 16 Kyangdi- Dhorfirdi Block ............................................................................................................................. 17 Threat rating of Kyangdi-Dhorphirdi block ............................................................................................. 18 Pressure points in Kyangdi-Dhorfirdi block............................................................................................. 19 Poverty pockets in Kyangdi-Dhorfirdi Block............................................................................................ 20 Phusre-Phedhikhola Block .......................................................................................................................... 21 Threat ratings of Phusre-Phedi Khola Block ............................................................................................ 22 Pressure points in Phusre Khola Phedi Khola Block ................................................................................ 24 Poverty pockets ...................................................................................................................................... 27 Phewa Phanchase Block .............................................................................................................................. 28 Threat ratings of Phewa-Panchase Block ................................................................................................ 29 Pressure points and poverty blocks in Phewa Panchase block ............................................................... 31 Poverty and vulnerability pockets in Phewa Panchase block ................................................................. 34 Pokhara Lake Cluster ................................................................................................................................... 35 Threat ratings of Pokhara Lake Cluster ................................................................................................... 36 Daraudi Basin .............................................................................................................................................. 37 Marshyangdi Basin ...................................................................................................................................... 41 Note ............................................................................................................................................................ 47 INTRODUCTION The Chitwan-Annapurna Landscape (CHAL) falls partly within the Sacred Himalayan Landscape (SHL) that stretches from Bhutan in the east to Nepal’s Kali Gandaki River in the west. CHAL itself is bounded by the Gandaki river basin. It exhibits much scenic beauty, ranging from the rain shadow of the trans-Himalayan area and the snowcapped mountains of Annapurna, Manaslu and Langtang in the north, descending southwards through diverse topography to the mid-hills, Churia range and the flat lowlands of the Terai. It contains seven major sub-river basins: Trishuli, Marsyandi, Seti, Kali Gandaki, Budi Gandaki, Rapti and Narayani. CHAL has high biodiversity value and rich natural and cultural heritage. It is an important transit route for migratory birds and is home to endangered species like snow leopard, red panda and Himalayan black bear. CHAL has a human population of over four million people, many of whom live in very isolated places with poor access to markets, and who are very dependent on forest resources and ecosystem services for their livelihoods and wellbeing. Tourism is a major economic activity in the region. In CHAL, the Hariyo Ban Program focuses on implementing an integrated river basin approach at different levels. The Program focuses mainly in the Seti, Marsyangdi and Daraundi river basins, and Annapurna and Manaslu Conservation Areas. There is a major focus on key threat/driver/vulnerability reduction in strategic places in the landscape to promote species and ecosystem conservation, ecological connectivity, and improved human wellbeing. The program also adopts a strategic approach to livelihoods. The river basin work on CHAL is focused on: Seti: For this river basin, the program is taking a broad approach, focusing on Biodiversity Important Areas (BIAs), river corridors, critical watersheds and climate vulnerable areas; piloting PES mechanisms; and reducing climate vulnerability. Marshyangdi: The effort is to restore the basin by addressing threats from infrastructure and other sources in the lower basin; poaching, trade, Human Wildlife Conflict (HWC) and forest fire in the upper catchment; piloting PES mechanisms; and reducing climate vulnerability. Daraundi: The approach for this river basin is to maintain its condition; and reduce threats/drivers/ vulnerabilities including river poisoning, unplanned settlement, drought, flooding, forest fire, HWC, landslides, unsustainable harvest, and encroachment. Under Seti Sub-river basin seven key blocks are identified based upon on Biodiversity Important Areas, Critical bottlenecks and critical sub-watersheds and biodiversity threats and climate vulnerabilities. For the first time the threats assessment of these seven blocks (listed below) were conducted from April 25-May 2, 2017. Working Units of Seti Block Blocks of Seti Sub River VDCs and Municipalities Basin 1. Gaighat complex Devghat, Deurali, Chhimkeshwori, Kabilas VDCs-Chitwan, Anbu Khaireni VDC (Tanahu) 2. Sukhaurakhola sub- Bandipur Municipality, Keshabtar VDC-Tanahu watershed 3. Jamune VDCs-Pokharibanjyang, Kau Shivapur, Jamune, Ramjakot, Pokharibanjyang Kotdarbar complex Byas Municipality-Tanahu district 4. Kyangdi Complex Syangja district (Kolma, Bahakot, Thuladihi- VDCs) Firfire, Raipur, Dhorfirdi, Khairenitar, Dulegaunda (Shuklagandaki Municipality, Tanahu district) Bhimad, Bhanumati VDCs (Tanahu district) 5. Phusre Khola- Phedikhola (Syangja), Kristinachnechaur, Pumdibhumdi, Phedikhola Block Nirmal Pokhari, Bharatpokhari VDCs- Kaski district 6. Panchase - Pokhara lake PES implementing sites- Dhikurpokhari, Bhadaure tamagi, cluster (Ramsar sites) Kaskikot, Pumdibhumdi (upperpart), Sarangkot, Chapakot VDCs, Panchase Protection forest (Bhadaure tamagi-, Chapakot, Pumdibhumdi VDCs-Kaski district; Arukharka, Bagefatake, Wangsingdeurali VDCs- Syangja district; Chitre, Ramjadeurali, Arthar Dadakharka VDCs- Parbat district Dhikurpokhari, Kaskikot 7. ACA Kaski Block Machhapuchhre, Lwangghale, Shardikhola-VDCs 8. ACA Mustang 7 VDCs-Chhoser, Chhonhup, Lomanthang, Charang, Surkhang, Ghami, Chhusang Figure 1: Hariyo Ban Program II Working Areas METHODOLOGY ‘WWF Standards of Project and Programme Management’ comprises of 5 major