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Trade Policy Constraints Within the Maize and Livestock Value Chains in West Africa

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Trade Policy Constraints Within the Maize and Livestock Value Chains in West Africa EVALUATION OF SANITARY AND PHYTOSANITARY (SPS) TRADE POLICY CONSTRAINTS WITHIN THE MAIZE AND LIVESTOCK VALUE CHAINS IN WEST AFRICA NIGERIA, GHANA, CÔTE D’IVOIRE, BURKINA FASO & MALI REPORT #37 Photo Credit: Photo ACDI/VOCA September 2016 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by Olaf Kula and William Vu of ACDI/VOCA and Andrew Cook for ACDI/VOCA with funding from USAID/E3’s Leveraging Economic Opportunities (LEO) project. EVALUATION OF SANITARY AND PHYTOSANITARY (SPS) TRADE POLICY CONSTRAINTS WITHIN THE MAIZE AND LIVESTOCK VALUE CHAINS IN WEST AFRICA VALUE CHAINS IN WEST AFRICA NIGERIA, GHANA, CÔTE D’IVOIRE, BURKINA FASO & MALI LEO REPORT #37 DISCLAIMER This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. The author’s views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. EVALUATION OF SPS TRADE POLICY CONSTRAINTS: WEST AFRICA i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS As is the case with studies that include multiple subsectors and countries, the number of people who pro- vided useful information and content is far too great to acknowledge. Still, the contributions of some clearly stand out. First, we must thank our country consultant teams whose contacts, technical skills, and country drafts form the foundation of this study. These include Mr. Vesper Suglo and Dr. Bashiru Boi Kikimoto from Ghana; Dr. Josiah Kantiyok and Dr. Boniface Kashina from Nigeria; Benoit Gnonlonfin who visited Mali; Dr. Charles Mandé and Dr. Adama Neya from Burkina Faso; and Dr. Lucien Kouamé and Dr. Vessaly Kallo from Côte d’Ivoire. Gratitude and appreciation to Anna Garloch, Hayden Aaronson, Ruth Campbell, Amanda Muncil, Kelsey Pridemore, and Sally Oh of ACDI/VOCA. Numerous public servants and private-sector actors in Ghana, Nigeria, Côte d’Ivoire, Burkina Faso, and Mali generously offered their time and knowledge to guide this study. We refer to their contributions throughout this report and our failure to mention them by name in no way diminishes the significance of their support. Special appreciation goes to Patterson Brown at USAID’s Bureau for Food Security for support and manage- ment of the assessment. We would like to thank Richard Chen and Cory O’Hara in the USAID West Africa missions. We would also like to thank the USAID West Africa Trade Hub project’s senior technical team, with appreciation for Dr. Seydou Sidibé, Jeffrey Povolny, Kossi Dahoui, Guigui Pythagore, Legbre Charles, Barbara Rippel, and Rebecca Levy. You provided instrumental support and facilitation of meetings at multi- ple border posts and with plant protection, animal health and food, and consumer safety agencies throughout the selected countries. EVALUATION OF SPS TRADE POLICY CONSTRAINTS: WEST AFRICA ii CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................ II CONTENTS ..................................................................................................................... III ACRONYMS...................................................................................................................... V LIST OF FIGURES & TABLES ....................................................................................... IX 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................... 1 2. STUDY OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................... 10 3. METHODOLOGY AND APPROACH ................................................................... 12 4. WEST AFRICA REGIONAL CONVENTIONS AND REGULATORY INSTITUTIONS ............................................................................................................... 13 5. VALUE CHAIN SNAPSHOTS ................................................................................... 17 5.1 Maize ........................................................................................................................ 17 5.2 Livestock (Cattle, Sheep, & Goats) ...................................................................... 25 5.3 Poultry ...................................................................................................................... 40 6. TRADE IMPACTS OF SPS ISSUES .......................................................................... 50 7. PRIORITY OPPORTUNITIES FOR INVESTMENT ................................................ 53 ANNEX I: LIST OF PERSONS MET ............................................................................. 60 ANNEX II: NATIONAL SPS REGULATORY BODIES .............................................. 69 ANNEX III: OIE (LIST OF ANIMAL PESTS, TOXINS, RESIDUES, AND DISEASES COVERED) ....................................................................................................................... 75 EVALUATION OF SPS TRADE POLICY CONSTRAINTS: WEST AFRICA iii ANNEX IV: MAIZE PESTS AND DISEASES ............................................................... 80 ANNEX V: MAIZE—FUNCTIONS, INSTITUTIONS & ACTORS ........................... 85 ANNEX VI: LIVESTOCK—FUNCTIONS, INSTITUTIONS, AND ACTORS ......... 94 ANNEX VII: POULTRY—FUNCTIONS, INSTITUTIONS, AND ACTORS ......... 104 ANNEX VIII: TRACEABILITY ..................................................................................... 116 ANNEX IX: CONSUMER TRENDS AND AWARENESS OF FOOD SAFETY ISSUES ............................................................................................................................ 119 ANNEX X: COSTS AND TIME OF IMPORTATION AND SPS MEASURES: DJIBO MARKET (BURKINA FASO) TO PORT BOUET (CÔTE D’IVOIRE) .................... 121 BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................ 125 EVALUATION OF SPS TRADE POLICY CONSTRAINTS: WEST AFRICA iv ACRONYMS AI Avian influenza ANADER L’Agence Nationale d'appui au Développement Rural / National Agency for Rural Development Support (Côte d’Ivoire) AQIM Al Qaeda of the Maghreb AU African Union CAADP Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme CBPP Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia CIF Cost, insurance, and freight CILSS Comité Permanent Inter-Etats de Lutte contre la Sécheresse dans le Sahel CRI Crops Research Institute CIMMYT International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center DAS Direction de l'Action Sanitaire DGSP Direction Générale de la Santé Publique (Ministry of Health) DGSV Direction Générale des Services Vétérinaires (Ministry of Livestock and Fish- eries) DOC Day-old chicks DPVCQ Direction de la Protection des Végétaux, du Contrôle et de la Qualité DSV Direction des Services Vétérinaires DVPCS Department of Veterinary and Pest Control Services (Federal Ministry of Ag- riculture & Rural Development, Nigeria) EAC East African Community ECOWAS/CÉDÉAO Economic Community of West African States/ Communauté Économique des États de l'Afrique de l'Ouest EED Environmental enteric dysfunction ETLS ECOWAS Trade Liberalization Scheme EU European Union F2F Farmer-to-Farmer FAO Food and Agriculture Organization EVALUATION OF SPS TRADE POLICY CONSTRAINTS: WEST AFRICA v FCFA West African CFA Franc FDA Food and Drug Authority FDVPC Federal Department of Veterinary and Pest Control Services FMARD Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (Nigeria) FMD Foot-and-Mouth Disease FODEL Fonds de Developpement de l'Elevage GCC Gulf Cooperation Council GDP Gross Domestic Product GGC Ghana Grains Control GHC Ghanaian cedi GMO Genetically modified organism GPS Global Positioning System GWR Grain warehouse receipting program ICT Information and communications technology IITA International Institute of Tropical Agriculture INERA Institut National pour l'Etude et de Recherches Agricoles INHP Institut National d’Hygiène Publique IPPC International Plant Protection Convention IT Information technology LANADA Laboratoire National d'Appui au Développement Agricole (National Agricul- tural Laboratory) LEO Leveraging Economic Opportunities LGB Larger grain borer LNSP Laboratoire National de Santé Publique (National Laboratory of Health) MADU Municipal Agricultural Development Unit MCH Maternal and child health MDMV Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus MIS Management information system MLN Maize Lethal Necrosis EVALUATION OF SPS TRADE POLICY CONSTRAINTS: WEST AFRICA vi MRL Maximum residue level MSV Maize streak virus MT Metric ton NAFDAC National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control NAPRI National Animal Production Research Institute (Nigeria) NAQS Nigerian Agriculture Quarantine Services NVRI National Veterinary Research Institute (Nigeria) OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development OIE World Organization for Animal Health (Office International des Epizooties) ONVC Order National des Vétérinaires de Côte d’Ivoire PANVAC Pan African Veterinary Vaccine Centre PPR Peste des Petits Ruminants PROGIR Programme de Gestion Intégrée des Ranches (Côte d’Ivoire) PROSUMA Société Ivoirienne de Promotion de Supermarchés RCI Republique du Côte d'Ivoire SCMV Sugarcane Mosaic Virus SME Small-medium enterprise SPS Sanitary and Phytosanitary STTA Saskatchewan Transport Training Association TRAQUE Trade Relations Assistance and Quality Enabling Programme UEMOA Union Économique et Monétaire Ouest-Africaine USAID United States Agency of International Development USDA United States Department of Agriculture
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