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The United States Atomic Army, 1956-1960 Dissertation
INTIMIDATING THE WORLD: THE UNITED STATES ATOMIC ARMY, 1956-1960 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Paul C. Jussel, B.A., M.M.A.S., M.S.S. * * * * * The Ohio State University 2004 Dissertation Committee Approved by Professor Allan R. Millett, Advisor Professor John R. Guilmartin __________________ Professor William R. Childs Advisor Department of History ABSTRACT The atomic bomb created a new military dynamic for the world in 1945. The bomb, if used properly, could replace the artillery fires and air-delivered bombs used to defeat the concentrated force of an enemy. The weapon provided the U.S. with an unparalleled advantage over the rest of the world, until the Soviet Union developed its own bomb by 1949 and symmetry in warfare returned. Soon, theories of warfare changed to reflect the belief that the best way to avoid the effects of the bomb was through dispersion of forces. Eventually, the American Army reorganized its divisions from the traditional three-unit organization to a new five-unit organization, dubbed pentomic by its Chief of Staff, General Maxwell D. Taylor. While atomic weapons certainly had an effect on Taylor’s reasoning to adopt the pentomic organization, the idea was not new in 1956; the Army hierarchy had been wrestling with restructuring since the end of World War II. Though the Korean War derailed the Army’s plans for the early fifties, it returned to the forefront under the Eisenhower Administration. The driving force behind reorganization in 1952 was not ii only the reoriented and reduced defense budget, but also the Army’s inroads to the atomic club, formerly the domain of only the Air Force and the Navy. -
A. Marshall of the United States Army
RICE UNIVERSITY THE INFLUENCE OF S.L.A. MARSHALL ON THE UNITED STATES ARMY by FREDERICK DEANE GOODWIN WILLIAMS A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE Master of Arts APPROVED, THESIS COMMITTEE: Ira D. Gruber, Professor of History, Chairman Thomas L. Haskell, Associate Professor «•p history F. 4/uilm'aTrtinL> Jr., Adjunct Professor \J of History Houston, Texas May, 1984 3 1272 00288 9804 Property of the United States Government. For use contact: Defense Technical Information Center ATTN : DDC.-TC Cameron Station Alexandria, VA 22314 ABSTRACT THE INFLUENCE OF S.L.A. MARSHALL ON THE UNITED STATES ARMY FREDERICK DEANE GOODWIN WILLIAMS Samuel Lyman Atwood Marshall, a journalist, influenced the United States Army in several ways beginning in 1943. First as a combat historian in World War II, then as a military critic, writer, lecturer, operations analyst, and consultant, he presented several practical and innovative ideas to the army. He pioneered the group after action interview technique for clearing up the confusing, often conflicting stories of participants in combat. As a result of his interviewing over 500 units in World War II, Marshall came to certain conclusions about what motivated Americans to fight. His subsequent experiences in other wars reinforced his theories. His ideas reached many soldiers and caused great controversy. Although he had great initial success in his efforts to reform the army, he spent his last years in a repetitious re-education process caused by such factors as institutional resistance to change. While some of his ideas have been incorporated into army policy, the most lasting influence has been through the education of the post World War II generation of junior officers who were stirred to articulate their ideas and experiences by their exposure to Marshall. -
Corso, Philip
In memory of Lt. Gen. Arthur G. Trudeau. This great man was my superior as chief of U.S. Army Research and Development. He was a man of great courage; he put on a sergeant's helmet and fought with his men at Pork Chop Hill in Korea. He was deeply religious and went on "retreats" at Loyola. He was the most brilliant man I have ever known, who only gave me one standing order: "Watch things for me, Phil. There are things we do not understand. " His accomplishments changed the world for the better. Any success I had I attribute to him and to his leadership. Forward Senator Strom Thurmond When I was first elected to the United States Senate in 1954, the United States and democratic Western governments were locked in a bitter, and sometimes deadly, Cold War with totalitarian Communist governments that sought to expand their bankruptideology throughout the world. Though those who did not live during this era have a hard time picturing it, the 1950s and 1960s were a period in our history when there was a very real need to be concerned about a Communist, especially Soviet, threat to our security and institutions. As a member of the Senate Armed Services Committee, I took a lead role in seeking out those in our government who sought to muzzle military personnel who wanted to alert Americans to the threats we faced from our Communist enemies and to speak out against some of the plainly misguided, incorrect and, frankly, dangerous policies of the United States in dealing with the Soviets and Red Chinese. -
FOIA Logs for the Defense Intelligence Agency for 1999-2005
Description of document: FOIA CASE LOGS for: FOIA Logs for the Defense Intelligence Agency, Washington DC for 1999-2005 Posted date: 09-December-2007 Title of Document All Requests Received Between 01/01/1999 and 12/31/1999, 01/01/2000 and 12/31/2000, 10/01/2001 – 09/30/2002, 10/01/2002 – 09/30/2003, 10/01/2003 – 09/30/2004, 10/01/2004 – 09/30/2005 Date/date range of document: 1999 - 2005 Source of document: Defense Intelligence Agency Building 6000 Washington, DC 20340-5100 ATTN: DIAC, DAN-1A (FOIA) The governmentattic.org web site (“the site”) is noncommercial and free to the public. The site and materials made available on the site, such as this file, are for reference only. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals have made every effort to make this information as complete and as accurate as possible, however, there may be mistakes and omissions, both typographical and in content. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused, or alleged to have been caused, directly or indirectly, by the information provided on the governmentattic.org web site or in this file All Requests Received between 01/01/1999 and 12/31/1999 Request 10 Requester Name Request Description Type 0001-1999-5970 ESTEY, Nathan Poland Intelligence Services; FOIA 0003-1999-14145 TROGDON, Gary Poland Intelligence Services; FOIA 0004-1999-14145 TROGDON,Gary Poland Intelligence Services; FOIA 0005-1999-14259 YEMINI, Galit Israel Intelligence Services; FOIA 0006-1999-14145 TROGDON, Gary Israel Intelligence Services; FOIA 0007-1999-8395 WITTNER, Lawrence Radiation and Fallout; Weapons; Conferences & meetings; Country files; FOIA 1- <,rrllin C;q 1 q4q-1 qf)/' 0008-1999-14257 PIKE, David Soviet and German individuals - communist; FOIA 0009-1999-14255 GRIFFITH, Ann "Cold Spot" operations aimed at intercepting No. -
US Logistical Support of the Allied Mediterranean Campaign, 1942-1945
Syracuse University SURFACE Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public History - Dissertations Affairs 2011 Victory's Foundation: US Logistical Support of the Allied Mediterranean Campaign, 1942-1945 David D. Dworak Syracuse University Follow this and additional works at: https://surface.syr.edu/hst_etd Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Dworak, David D., "Victory's Foundation: US Logistical Support of the Allied Mediterranean Campaign, 1942-1945" (2011). History - Dissertations. 95. https://surface.syr.edu/hst_etd/95 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs at SURFACE. It has been accepted for inclusion in History - Dissertations by an authorized administrator of SURFACE. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ABSTRACT From November 1942 until May 1945, the Allied nations fought a series of campaigns across the Mediterranean. Ever since, historians have debated the role and impact of the Mediterranean theater upon the greater war in Europe. Through analysis of official archival documents, unit histories from the period, and personal memoirs, this dissertation investigates the impact of US Army service forces on each of the campaigns and operations conducted across the Mediterranean theater. Additionally, this study examines how the campaigns of the Mediterranean shaped and informed the 1944 landings in France and the subsequent drive into Germany. This dissertation argues that the Normandy invasion of 1944 and victory over Germany did not just happen. The success that the Allied forces enjoyed in France and Germany had its foundation set in the learning and experiences of the Mediterranean that began in November 1942. -
Improving the Common Stock of Knowledge
Research and Development in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers: Improving the Common Stock of Knowledge by Damon Manders Ordnance and Technical Services Branch U.S. Army Engineer District, St. Louis U.S. Army Corps of Engineers August 2011 Cataloging-in-Publication Data Manders, Damon. Research and development in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers : Improving the common stock of knowledge / by Damon Manders. ix, 413 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. 1. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.)—Research--History. 2. United States. Army. Corps of Engineers—Research--History. 3. Engineering—Research--History. 4. Hydraulic engineering—Research--History. 5. Environmental engineering—Research- -History. 6. Military topography—Research--History. 7. Computer science—Research- -History. 8. Coastal engineering—Research--History. 9. Engineering geology—Research- -History. 10. Structural engineering—Research--History. 11. Engineering—Cold weather conditions—Research--History. 12. Information technology—Research--History. 13. Photogrammetry—Research--History. I. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.) II. United States. Army. Corps of Engineers. TA200 E8 2011 Foreword and Author’s Acknowledgments When Charles A. Camillo, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Mississippi Valley Division and U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) historian, approached me in 2007 about the possibility of working on a history of ERDC, I was excited about the potential of the project. He outlined a volume that would cover scientific research in engi- neering, hydraulics, computer science, topography, environmental science, and other techni- cal fields. As one raised by an engineer in a town with one of the highest concentrations of physicists, engineers, and computer developers in the country — Huntsville, Alabama — and as someone who had written about computers and technology for years, I saw the project as an opportunity to bring my personal interests and experiences to bear on describing one of the most unique organizations in the country. -
Forward INTRODUCTION
The Day After Roswell Phillip Corso 1 Forward Senator Strom Thurmond When I was first elected to the United States Senate in 1954, the United States and democratic Western governments were locked in a bitter, and sometimes deadly, Cold War with totalitarian Communist governments that sought to expand their bankrupt-ideology throughout the world. Though those who did not live during this era have a hard time picturing it, the 1950s and 1960s were a period in our history when there was a very real need to be concerned about a Communist, especially Soviet, threat to our security and institutions. As a member of the Senate Armed Services Committee, I took a lead role in seeking out those in our government who sought to muzzle military personnel who wanted to alert Americans to the threats we faced from our Communist enemies and to speak out against some of the plainly misguided, incorrect and, frankly, dangerous policies of the United States in dealing with the Soviets and Red Chinese. Distinguished officers and patriotic men such as Admiral Arleigh Burke and General Arthur Trudeau were essentially censored by their own government because of the views they espoused about the state of the world and the nature of the threat before our nation. As a veteran of World War II, a commissioned officer in the United States Army Reserve, and a proponent of a strong and comprehensive military, I could not sit idly by and watch our military be undermined by people in government who were sympathetic to Communism. During this period, the Armed Services Committee held extensive hearings into this matter. -
Information to Users
INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the mlcrofihn master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type o f computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely afreet reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginnmg at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6” x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A Bell & Howell Infonnation Company 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor MI 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 TEIREE ARMIES IN KOREA: THE COMBAT EFFECTIVENESS OF THE UNITED STATES EIGHTH ARMY IN KOREA, JULY 1950-JUNE 1952 A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University by Kelly C. -
None Dare Call It Treason, by John Stormer
The carefully documented story of America's retreat from victory NONE DARE CALL IT treason by John A. Stormer 1964 is a year of crisis and deci sion. Will Ameri ca continue to aid the commu nist enemy, to disarm in the face of danger, to bow before communist dicta tors in every cor- ner of the earth? L The decision is I yours! NONE DARE CALL IT TREASON A Liberty Bell Book To Holly, May her future be as bright as mine was at age 5. © 1964 by John A. Stormer All rights reserved First Printing, February, 1964—100,000 Second Printing, April, 1964—100,000 Third Printing, April, 1964—100,000 Fourth Printing, May, 1964—100,000 Fifth Printing, May, 1964—100,000 Sixth Printing, June, 1964—100,000 Seventh Printing, June, 1964—100,000 Eighth Printing, June, 1964—100,000 Ninth Printing, July, 1964—100,000 Tenth Printing, July, 1964—100,000 Eleventh Printing, July, 1964—400,000 Twelfth Printing, July, 1964—400,000 Hardcover Edition, July, 1964 Thirteenth Printing, August, 1964—400,000 Fourteenth Printing, August, 1964—400,000 Fifteenth Printing, August, 1964—800,000 Liberty Bell Books are published by THE LIBERTY BELL PRESS P. O. Box32 Florissant, Missouri Printed in The United States of America NONE DARE CALL IT TREASON By John . AStormer i LIBERTY BELL PRESS P. O. Box 32 Florissant, Missouri ABOUT THE AUTHOR John Stormer is, like most young Americans who grew up during the Depression, the product of a conservative 1 home and a liberal education. In the late 1950’s he grad ually came to realize that the political candidates and philosophies he was asked to support in the voting booth did not reflect the standards and principles he tried to apply in his business and personal life. -
America's First Cold War Army
America’s First Cold War Army Combat Readiness in the Eighth US Army 1949-1950 AMERICA’S FIRST COLD WAR ARMY: COMBAT READINESS IN THE EIGHTH U.S. ARMY, 1949-1950 Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Major Thomas E. Hanson, United States Army B.A., M.A. * * * * * The Ohio State University 2006 Master’s Examination Committee: Approved by Dr. Allan R. Millett, Adviser Dr. John F. Guilmartin, Jr. Dr. Alan D. Beyerchen ____________________________ Adviser Department of History Copyright by Thomas E. Hanson 2006 ABSTRACT This study of the Eighth U.S. Army’s 1949-1950 combat training program argues that the generalizations regarding “occupation troops” used by historians and soldiers are simplistic. In point of fact they do little justice to the tens of thousands of soldiers and officers who did indeed seek to prepare themselves and their Army for war despite America’s post-war atomic monopoly. The American soldiers sent to Korea in the summer of 1950 suffered from gaps in their professional preparation, from missing and broken equipment, and from unevenly trained leaders at every level of command. Nevertheless, they expected to defeat the Communist enemy. Their confidence resulted from many factors, not least of which was an appreciation of the skill and cohesion developed over the course of the previous twelve months—a year of progressive, focused, and iterative collective training based on the lessons of combat in World War II. No one was more surprised than they when the North Koreans not only didn’t turn and run, but instead fought with courage and skill that required Herculean efforts to overcome. -
Behind the Scenes the Cold War Activism of Frank R. Barnett
Waging “Protracted Conflict” Behind the Scenes The Cold War Activism of Frank R. Barnett ✣ Jeffrey H. Michaels Introduction Referring to the significant political impact of the anti-detente´ Committee on the Present Danger (CPD) in the late 1970s, Samuel Huntington observed, “When deep concern and deep knowledge are combined, they can be an important influence in the American policymaking process.”1 During the Cold War, the idea that the West could not coexist with the Soviet Union and instead must “roll back” or “liberate” it, was initially popular in U.S. policymaking circles. However, by the early 1970s even the mainstream of U.S. conservatives had accepted the detente´ in U.S.-Soviet relations.2 This article argues that the resurrection of hardline anti-Communism in the mid-to-late 1970s was directly related to an epistemic community that had developed over previous decades. Commentators often referred to this community as the “Soviet threat” or “Cold War” lobby, and it consisted of tough-minded experts in such fields 1. Samuel P. Huntington, “Renewed Hostility,” in Joseph S. Nye, Jr., ed., The Making of America’s Soviet Policy (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1984), pp. 276–277. 2. Francis H. Marlo, Planning Reagan’s War: Conservative Strategists and America’s Cold War Victory (Washington, DC: Potomac Books, 2012), pp. 37–70. For a brief discussion of Ronald Reagan’s “transformation” of U.S. Cold War strategy, at least prior to Mikhail Gorbachev’s rise to power, see John Lewis Gaddis, Strategies of Containment: A Critical Reappraisal of American National Security Policy during the Cold War, rev.