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I I 1977 hemicals old in Ohio

tF\'(Q'f1 n Cooperative Extension Service ~ The Ohio State Un1vers1!y Pe icide Chemicals Sold in Ohio in 1977

Introduction A major emphasis of the Ohio Pesticide Impact As­ sessment Program, organized in September 1977 in ac­ cordance with Federal directives, has been to obtain information on pesticide use in Ohio. In order to pro­ vide benefits-use data to assist in the continued regis­ tration of pesticide products necessary to Ohio agricul­ ture, a more accurate identification of essential uses and quantities of used becomes a necessity. The major emphasis of the Pesticide Impact Assess­ ment Program is to provide information for an evalua­ tion of those pesticide chemicals subject to an RPAR review (Rebuttable Presumption Against Registration) in the EPA registration/re-registration process. The program also provides a good opportunity to obtain use data of all pesticides. Such activities will assist in re­ moving the information void evident in the past when state personnel were asked for estimates and evalua­ tions of pesticide uses related to critical needs in Ohio Prepared by the Agricultural production. Ohio Pesticide Impact Assessment Program Dr. Acie C. Waldron, State PIAP Liaison Coordinator Procedures William D. Rogers and Robert l. Curtner, Technical Assistants There are several supplementary procedures, in­ cluding commodity surveys and review ofrecords, that Ohio Cooperative Extension Service and are currently being utilized in Ohio by the State PIAP to Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center obtain data on pesticide use. One approach was to The Ohio State University extract information from company sales records. This activity required acknowledgement of the need and June 25, 1979 good cooperation from chemical companies, dis­ tributors and trade organizations. Organizations representative of the Chemical Indus­ lM try such as the Ohio Pesticide Education Association (OPEA) and the Midwest Agricultural Chemicals Asso­ Cl in furtherance of Cooperative Extension Work, acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of ciation (MACA) were very cooperative in promoting this Agriculture. Roy M. Kottman, Director of the Cooperative Extension survey. MACA counselled that we contact distributors Service, The Ohio State University. at the county level and offered their support in obtain­ ing cooperation. OPEA permitted the use of their mem­ All educational programs and activities conducted by the Ohio bership list for selecting dealers, distributors and com­ Cooperative Extension Service are available to all potential clientele panies to contact. It became evident early in the process on a nondiscriminatory basis without regard to race, color, national of this data collection after contacting several basic origin, sex or religious affiliation. pesticide chemical manufacturing companies that pes- 2 ticide sales information would not be readily available The quantities of chemicals sold in Ohio from them because of company trade secrets and that in 1977 are recorded in Table 1. Ten chemicals ac­ most sales records showed distribution to areas, etc., counted for approximately 92.8 percent of the total rather than separate for the state of Ohio. quantity of sold in Ohio in 1977, of which It was indicated by one of the major distributors in four appear to constitute 81.2 percent of the market. Ohio that if about 10 specific dealers and/or dis­ Percent of the total for the 10 chemicals were: tributors were contacted, the data would cover about 90 -50.6, -15.4, Carabaryl-8.5, to 95 percent ofthe major agricultural pesticide sales in -6.7, -2.7, -2.3, Ohio. Information obtained by contacting a multitude of -2.2, -1.6, -1.4 and smaller dealers at the county level would likely result -1.4. The remaining 47 chemicals listed in duplication because of the source of their supplies. contributed to the balance of 7.2 percent of the total Distributors and dealers were contacted by letter ini­ quantity. It was noted that of the 10 leading insecticide tially and arrangements made for a personal contact to chemicals listed above, Carbofuran, Fonofos, Terbufos either copy data from the records or coordinate efforts and Phorate, constituting 74.3 percent ofthe total quan­ in data extraction with the company personnel. Infor­ tity reported in the survey, are categorized as soil insec­ mation was obtained from six of the 10 designated dis­ ticides with the vast majority of the products being as­ tributors. Two distributors, one of which was no longer sociated with corn production. Attempts to relate all in business, had earlier moved their operations out of insecticides listed in Table 1 with specific crop use the state of Ohio. Two major distributors, even after would only be speculative. The reader is referred to several personal and telephone contacts, did not re­ product labels to determine the registered uses and to spond. However, we had successfully contacted five ad­ other surveys if information on associated crop use is ditional business concerns prior to the effort directed desired. toward the distributors that would account for a Correspondence from a basic chemical manufacturer smaller percentage of the Ohio market. Also, eight estimated that probably 100,000 to 200,000 pounds of major pesticide producers provided some specific in­ would have been used in Ohio in 1977. How­ formation on company related products or personal ever, the sales records available for this survey only distribution records. It was estimated in consultation accounted for 3,390 pounds of active ingredient. with some of the major distributors that the data ob­ The pounds of herbicide active ingredient chemicals tained would account for approximately 75 percent of sold in Ohio in 1977 are recorded in Table 2. Of the the total Ohio pesticide market, except perhaps 100 18,882,456 pounds of active ingredient reported 9 chem­ percent of the market for those where the particular icals accounted for 85.2 percent of the total with pesticide was an exclusive company product and re­ Alachlor and Atrazine alone accounting for 58 percent. ported by the basic chemical manufacturer. Percent of the total for the nine chemicals were: Members of the Ohio PIAP staff were provided per­ Alachlor-37 .2, Atrazine-20.8, Cyanazine-5. 7, sonal access to or were mailed a computer print out of Chloramben-4.9, Butylate-4.0, DCPA-3.5, company sales records. Because all individual dealer­ Cycloate-3.4, Linuron-3.4 and Metribuzin-2.3. The distributor sales information was considered as confi­ remaining 67 chemicals, ranging from percentages of dential, the only information extracted was the total 2.1 to fractions of 1 percent of the total, contributed to poundage or volume of individual pesticide products the balance of 14.8 percent. sold. From this information and investigation of the Note, however, that herbicide sales amounted to ap­ labels recorded in Company Label Books or the EPA proximately 9 times the quantity of insecticides. Thus Microfiche of Registered Products, the total quantity of the sale of these remaining 67 individual herbicides, each pesticide active ingredient was calculated. many in greater quantities than the top 10 insecticides, It should be noted that the sales records of some dis­ except for Carbofuran and Fonofos, accounted for only tributors contacted covered the fiscal year from July 1, a very small percentage of the total herbicide sales. 1976 to June 30, 1977. The time period for distributing Label registrations of the nine herbicides listed above the vast majority of pesticides to be used during a cur­ indicate that the major use of Atrazine, Cyanazine, and rent growing season covers from October or November Butylate would be on corn. The major uses for Alachlor, of the preceding year until May or June ofthe crop year. Chloramben and Linuron would be for corn and soy­ Summer purchases are generally only supplementary beans with lesser amounts of Alachlor and Linuron or because of emergency situations and harvest aid used on potatoes. Cycloate would have major use for needs. The companies contacted thus indicated that the sugarbeets; DCPA for soybeans, vegetables and small data obtained were valid for use in the 1977 year. fruits; and Metribuzin for soybeans and potatoes. It could thus be concluded that a vast majority of the total poundage of herbicides used in Ohio are applied for Results weed control in corn and soybeans. Survey data calculated as pounds of pesticide active Table 3 contains the information for fungicide chemi­ ingredient sold in Ohio are recorded in Tables 1, 2, 3 cals sold in Ohio in 1977. Of the total of 1,150,968 pounds and 4. The quantities recorded are the calculated val­ of active ingredient reported, three chemicals: ues based upon the actual survey reports and the esti­ Chlorothalonil (41.2), Mancozeb (17.0, and Sulfur (10.4) mated response or other known factors reported by account for 68.6 percent of the use in Ohio. Another basic manufacturers. Table 5 provides a cross refer­ three chemicals, Copper including the hydroxide and ence for the common name of pesticides listed in the sulfate (9.8), Captafol (5.2), and Captan (4.9), account for previous tables with other identifying names. Such use 19.9 percent leaving the balance of 11.5 percent to the of Brand or Trade names for identification purposes remaining 22 fungicide chemicals. The major uses of does not constitute any endorsement or promotion of these fungicides in Ohio would be for disease control in the pesticides nor any breach of confidential informa­ fruit and vegetable crops with minor uses on ornamen­ tion. Exclusion of some product names does not intend tals. discrimination but is necessitated because of limited Table 4 lists the information for miscellaneous chem· space. icals sold in Ohio in 1977 including repellents and 3 rodenticides, growth regulators, fumigants, algicides, It is acknowledged that some of the data recorded m acaracides, wood preservatives and others. The quan­ these tables may differ with information known to cer­ tities of these specialty type chemicals are rather small tam company and distributor personnel. In some cases in comparison to that of the preceding three tables due the quantity of certain pesticide chemicals reported to the fact that the individual chemicals have only appears to be far less than that which would probably minor and limited use in the specific area. have been otherwise estimated by company :represen­ tatives and extension specialists. There may be several pesticides known to be sold in Ohio that are not in­ Discussion cluded in the listing. The information recorded in the This survey is the first attempt to determine total tables is representative only of the data that were made agricultural pesticide use in Ohio, thus there are no available by cooperators and is reflective mostly of ag­ prior data to offer comparisons nor individual trends ricultural use. It is very probable that the data provide exclusively for the state. Some comparison could be little, if any, reflection on pesticide usage for lawn care, possible by reviewing national surveys on pesticide use home food and flower gardens, landscaping, household on individual crops and extrapolating that information and structural associated with residential, municipal, to state statistics on crop production along with an es­ institutional, industrial and governmental areas. , timation of the major uses for the specific pesticides according to label registration. In this report we have Pesticide usage associated with the floral and orna­ not attempted to relate the information to crop use, mental greenhouse industry and with golf courses are percent of acreage treated and locations of pesticide also not likely included to any great extent in this sur­ use except in a very general way as indicated in the vey but are the subjects of other surveys currently in preceding section. It is anticipated that subsequent progress in Ohio and near publication. Additional sur­ survey reports in this series of research efforts will veys planned for some of the areas indicated above or provide some of that relationship, particularly the cur­ extrapolation of information from studies being con­ rent compilation of data from the Ohio Department of ducted elsewhere in the North Central Region under Agriculture records of"Restricted Use" pesticide sales the Regional Pesticide Impact Assessment Program and a survey of pesticide use on major crops in Ohio. that are applicable to Ohio conditions are anticipated These reports are currently in the process of publica­ to provide a more complete summarization of total pes­ tion through the Pesticide Impact Assessment Program. ticide sales and usage in Ohio.

Table 1. Insecticide Chemicals Sold in Ohio in 1977

Pesticide Quantity of Pesticide Sold Pesticide Quantity of Pesticide Sold (Common Name) (lbs. active ingredient} (Common name) (lbs. active ingredient) 2,317.0 Metaldehyde 82.0 13,930.0 6,752.0 Allethrin, d-trans 1.2 4,088.0 Aspon 11.8 9,984.0 Azinphosmethyl 13,016.0 Methoxych lor 50,485.0 Bacillus Thuringensis 281.0 Methyl 1,901.0 Arsenate 125.0 640.0 Carbary I 186,763.0 Na led 86.0 Carbofuran 1, 115,570.0 77.0 Chlordane 30,505.0 Oxydemeton methyl 1,092.0 5,760.0 Parathion (ethyl) 11,021.0 245.0 Perthane 400.0 Crotoxyphos 1,613.0 Phorate 35, 163.0 Demeton 520.0 436.0 18,760.0 Phosmet 49,437.0 280.0 64.0 11,384.0 Piperonyl butoxide 566.0 Dinocap 3,304.0 148.0 Diphenylamine 32.0 21.0 8,850.0 75.0 Endosulfan 30,469.0 4.0 Eth ion 2,623.0 Ronne I 490.0 Ethoprop 9,750.0 Rotenone 716.0 Fenth1on 403.0 Streptomycin sulfate2 332.0 Fonofos 338,908.0 Terbufos 148,139.0 Formentate hydrochloride, 86.0 Toxaphene3 3,390.0 4,218.0 Trichlorfon 12,049.0 Melathion 59,780.0 Crop Oil (gal.) 8,240.0 Mercaptodimethur 930.0 Spray Oil (gal.) 59,418.0 Totals:

Totals: Insecticide (lbs. a.i.} 2,203,204.0 Spray Oil (gallons) 67,658.0

1 Listed also with Acarcides in Tables 4. 2Listed also with Other pesticide chemicals in Table 4. 3The pounds of active ingredient recorded are far low of the estimate for usage of 100,000 to 200,000 pounds. 4 Table 2. Herbicide Chemicals Sold in Ohio in 1977

Pesticide Quantity of Pesticide Sold Pesticide Quantity of Pesticide Sold (Common Name) (lbs. active ingredient) (Common Name) (lbs. active ingredient) Alachlor 7,033,592.0 EPTC 295,032.0 Amine Methanearsonates 593.0 Fenac 2.3 Ametryn 1,762.0 Fluchloralin 16,080.0 Aminotriazole 3,940.0 Glyphosate 69,421.0 Ammonium sulfamate 1,311.0 Hexazinone 288.0 Atrazine 3,935,328.0 Linuron 638,313.0 Benefin 3,201.0 MCPA 8,793.0 2,613.0 MCPP 346.0 Bentazon 242,113.0 Metolachlor 150,968.0 Bifenox 6,920.0 Metribuzin 435,703.0 Bromacil 4,017.0 Monuron 262.0 Butylate 756,928.0 MSMA 47,317.0 Cacodylic acid 3.4 Naptalam 165,522.0 125.0 Nitrofen 3,213.0 399,040.0 Oryzalin 33, 145.0 CDAA 53.0 Paraquat 37,142.0 CDEC 640.0 Pebulate 19,098.0 Chloramben 929,050.0 Pendimethalin 14,573.0 Chlorobromuron 12,550.0 Phenmediphan 520.0 Chloroxuron 4,288.0 Picloram 5,783.0 Chlorpropham 11,555.0 Profluralin 22,281.0 Cyanazine 1,076.032.0 Prometone 11,788.0 Cycloate 10, 100.0 Prometryn 51.0 2,4-D 645,566.0 Pronamide 1,414.0 Dalapon 11,446.0 Propachlor 19, 192.0 2,4-DB 4,365.0 Pyrazon 18, 165.0 DCPA 657,000.0 Simazine 266,506.0 Desmedipham 537.0 Sodium arsenite 187.0 Dicamba 169,954.0 Sodium cacodylate 20.0 Dichlobenil 475.0 Sodium chlorate 79,467.0 Dinoseb 98,972.0 Sodium metaborate1 35,700.0 Diphenamide 9,432.0 Sodium TCA 28, 127.0 Diquat 595.0 2,4,5-T 31,806.0 Diuron 8,209.0 Terbacil 928.0 2,4-DP 4,120.0 Terbutryn 160.0 DSMA 47.0 2,4,5-TP 6,687.0 Endothall 5,270.0 Trifluralin 258,377.0 Vernolate 11,818.0

Totals: Herbicides (lbs. a.i.) 18,882,456.8

1 Listed also with Other pesticide chemicals in Table 4.

Table 3. Fungicide Chemicals Sold in Ohio in 1977

Pesticide Quantity of Pesticide Sold Pesticide Quantity of Pesticide Sold (Common Name) (lbs. active ingredient) (Common Name) (lbs. active ingredient) Amo barn 694.0 Ferbam 9,271.0 Anilazine 2,850.0 Fol pet 2,994.0 Benomyl 11,627.0 Hexachlorobenzer:ie 1,305.0 Cadmium chloride 1,060.5 Hexachlorophene 96.0 Captafol 60,160.0 Mancozeb 195,370.0 Captan 55,897.0 Maneb 11,045.0 Chlorothalonil 474,664.0 Manganous benzothiazyl mercaptide 39.0 Copper 53,911.0 Manganous dimethyl dithiocarbamate 787.0 Copper hydroxide 26,044.0 Metiram 29,989.0 Copper sulfate1 31,920.0 PCNB 14, 158.0 Cycloheximide 700.0 Sulfur 119,531.0 DCNA 96.0 Thiabendazole 112.0 Diehl one 2,859.0 Thi ram 14,632.0 2,2-Dithiobisbenzothiazole 36.0 Zineb 14,306.0 Dodine 9,849.0 Ziram 4,216.0 Fenaminosulf 750.0 Totals: Fungicides (lbs. a.i.) 1,150,968.0

1Listed also with Algicides in Table 4.

5 Table 4. Miscellaneous Pesticide Chemicals Sold in Ohio in 1977

Pesticide Quantity of Pesticide Sold Pesticide Quantity of Pesticide Sold (Common Name) (lbs. active ingredient) (Common Name) (lbs. active ingredient) a. Repellent and Rodenticides d. Algicides 4-Aminopyridine 30.0 Copper sulfate1 31,920.0 Diphacinone 3.4 Copper triethylamine 31.0 Pyriminil 105.0 Warfarin 10.2 Total: lbs. active ingredient 31,951.0 Zinc phospide 720.0 e. Acaracides Total: lbs. active ingredient 868.6 Cyhexatin 1,461.0 b. Growth Regulators 3,390.0 Fenbutatin oxide 48.0 Aminozide 4,057.0 Formentate hydrochloride2 86.0 Ethephon 6,392.0 Propargite 1,006.0 Maleic hydraz1de 13,696.0 Napthalene acetamide 8.4 Total: lbs. active ingredient 5,991.0 Napthalene acetic acid 30.0 f. Other Total: lbs. active ingredient 24,183.4 Pentachlorophenol c. Fumigants (Wood preservative) 3,194.0 Sodium metaborate3 Aluminum phosphide 1.7 (Fire retardant) 35,700.0 Carbon disulfide 16,341.0 Streptomycin sulfate4 92,038.0 (Bacteriocide) 332.0 Chloropicrin 94.0 Exthoxyqui n Dibromochloropropane 80.0 (Fruit scald control) 64.0 Ethylene dibromide 1,436.0 Molybdenum 815.0 Ethylene dichloride 212.0 Metam sodium 2,275.0 Total: lbs. active ingredient 40,105.0 Methyl bromide 2,354.0 Pentane 453.0 1listed also with Fungicides in Table 3. Sulfur dioxide 2,275.0 2usted also with Insecticides in Table 1. Vorlex 6,157.0 3listed also with Herbicides in Table 2. Total: lbs. active ingredient 123,716.7 4Listed also with Insecticides in Table 1.

Table 5. Cross Reference of Common Names and Other Identifying Brand or Tracie Names of Pesticides1

A. Insecticides Common Name Other Familiar Names Common Name Other Familiar Names

Acephate Orthene Methamidophos Monitor Aldicarb Temik Methidathion Supracide, Ultracide Allethrin, d-trans Methomyl Lannate, Nudrin Asp on Methoxychlor Marlate, Alfa-tox Azinphosmethyl Guthion, several others Methyl Parathion Penncap M, Methyl Parathion, Bacillus Thuringensis Dipel, Thuricide, Biotrol several others Calcium Arsenate Pencal, Spra-cal Mevinphos Phosdrin, Menite Carbary I Sevin Na led Dibrom, Bromex Carbofuran Furadan Oxamyl Vydate Chlordane Belt, Niran, several others Oxydemeton methyl Metasystox-R Chlorpyrifos Dursban, Lorsban Parathion (ethyl) Phoskil, Thiophos, Niran, Coumaphos Co-Raf several others Crotoxyphos Ciodrin Perthane Ethylan Demeton Systox Ph orate Thimet, Rampart, Phorate lOG Diazinon Spectracide Phosalone Zolone Dichlorvos DDVP, Vapona, several others Phosmet lmidan Dimethoate Cygan, Defend, Regor Phosphamidon Dimecron Dinocap Karathane, Crotothane Piperonyl butoxide Butacide Diphenylamine Big Dipper, DPA Scaldip Pirimicarb Pirimor Disulfoton Di-Syston Propoxur Baygon Endosulfan Thiodan, several others Pyrethrins Pyre none Eth ion Nialate Resmethrin Chrysron, Synthrin Ethoprop Mocap, Jolt Ronne! Karlan, several others Baytex Rotenone Derrin, Nicouline, Prentox, Fonofos Dyfonate Tubatoxin 6 Table 5. Cross Reference of Common Names and Other Identifying Brand or Trade Names of Pesticides1

A. Insecticides Common Name Other Familiar Names Common Name Other Familiar Names ------"·------Formentate hydrochloride Carzol Streptomycin sulfate Agrimycin, Agri-Strep Heptachlor Drinox, Heptamul Terbufos Counter Several names Toxaphene Camphochlor, Toxikil, Vertac, Malathion Cythion, several others several others Mercaptodimethur Mesurol, Trichlorfon Dylox, Dipterox, Proxol Metaldehyde Bug-Geta, Antimilace, Namekil several others

1 The listing of Brand and/or Trade names is for the purpose only of better identifying the pesticide and does not constitute a promotion or endorsement of the product. Space does not permit the listing of all names for a pesticide product. Thus omission of product names does not constitute discrimination.

B. Herbicides Common Name Other Familiar Names Common Name Other Familiar Names

Alachlor Lasso 2,4-DP Dichloroprop Amine Methanearsenates AMA, Super Crab-E-Rad, DSMA Ansor, Methar, Crab-E-Rad, Weed-E-Rad, Super Dal-E-Rad, Endothall Hydrothol, Aquathol, Super Methar several others Ametryn Evik, Ametrex EPTC Eptam, Eradicane Aminotriazole Amitrole, several others Fenac Trifene Ammonium sulfamate Ammate, Sulfarnate Fluchloralin Basal in Atrazine AAtrex, AAtram Glyphosate Roundup Benefin Ba Ian Hexazinone Velpar Bensulide Betasan, Prefar, others Linuron Lorox, Linurex Bentazon Basagran MCPA Weedar, several others Bifenox Modown MCPP Mecroprop Bromacil Hyvar Metolachlor Dual, Primagran Butylate Sutan Metribuzin Lenone, Sencor Cacodylic acid Dilic, Rad-E-Cate Monuron Monurex Calcium arsenate Pencal, Spra-cal MSMA Ansar, Weed-E-Rad, Weed Hoe, Calcium chloride Daconate, others CDAA Randox Naptalam Alanap, Dyanap, Solo, others CDEC Vegedex Nitrofen TOK Chloramben Amiben, Vegiben Oryzalin Surflan Chlorobrornuron Maloran Paraquat Ortho Paraquat CL, Dexuron, Chloroxuron Tenoran, Norex Gramoxone, several others Chlorpropham Chloro-IPC, Furloe, others Pebulate Tillarn Cyanazine Blad ex Pendirnathalin Prowl Cycloate Ro-Neet Phenrnediphan Betanal 2,4-D Many names Piclorarn Tordon, Amdon Dalapon Dowpon, Ded-weed, Profluralin Toi ban Pyrarnin Plus, others Prometone Pram ital 2,4-DB Butyrac, Benazolin, Butoxone Prometryn Caparol DCPA Dacthal Pronarnide Kerb Desmedipham Betanex, Bentanal Propachlor Ramrod Dicamba Banvel Pyrazon Alicep, Pyramin Dichlobenil Casaron Simazine Amizine, Princep, Primatol, others Dinoseb Sinox, DNBP, Dinitro, Premerge, Sodium arsenite Chem Pels C, Kill All, Dow General, and others Penite, Prodalumnol Double Diphenamide Dymid, Enide Sodium cacodylate Rad-E-Cate Diquat Aquacide, Dextrone, Reglone, Sodium chlorate Altacide, Chlorax, others several others Diuron Karmex, Diurex, others Sodium metaborate Borea, Borocil, others Sodium TCA Terbutryn Ingran 2,4,5-T Dacamine, Weedone, Esteron, 2,4,5-TP Silvex Brush Killer, several others Trifluralin Treflan, Trefmid, others Terbacil Sin bar Vernolate Vern am

7 Table 5.-(cont.) Cross Reference of Common Names and Other Identifying Brand or Trade Names of Pesticides1

C. Fungicides Common Name Other Familiar Names Common Name Other Familiar Names

Amobam Chem-0-Bam Dodine Cyprex Anilazine Dyrene, Direz, Kemate, Triasyn Fenanminosulf Dexon, Lesan Benomyl Benlate, Tersan Ferbam , Fermate, others Cadium chloride Fol pet Phaltan Captafol Difolatan Hexachlorobenzene No Bunt, HCB, Granox NM Captan Orthocide Hexachlorophene Hexide, Nabac Chlorthalonil Bravo Mancozeb Dithane, Manzate, Buntosan Copper Maneb Dithane, Manzate, Polyram, others Copper hydroxide Kocide Manganous benzothiazyl Niacides mercaptide Copper sulfate Blue Vitriol, Bluestone, Manganous dimethyl Niacides, Manzate, Dithane, Triangle dithiocardanae others Cycloheximide Acti-dione Metiram Polyram DCNA Bot ran PCNB Pentachloronitrobenzene Diehl one Phygon Sulfur Brimstone 2,2' Dithiobisbenzothiazole Niacides component Thiabendazole Mertect, Apl-Luster, Tecto, others Thi ram Arasan, Tersan, Vanedie, others Zineb Dithane, Parzate, several others Ziram Carbazine, Cuman, several others

D. Other Chemicals Common Name Other Familiar Names Common Name Other Familiar Names

4-Aminopyridine 4-AP, Avitrol Dibromoch loropropa ne DBCP Diphacinone Diphacin Ethylene dibromide EDS, Dowfume, Bromofune, others Pyriminil Vacor Ethylene dichloride EDC Warfarin RAX, Warfarin Plus Metam sodium Vapam, several others Zinc phosphide Phosvin, Zinc-Tex Methyl bromide Meth-0-Gas, Dowfume, Brom-0-Gas, several others Aminozide Alar Pentane Ethephon Ethrel, Florel Sulfur dioxide Maleic hydrazide MH, De-Sprout, Retard, others Vorlex Di-Tropex Naphthalene acetamide Amid-Thin W, Rootone, NAO Copper triethylamine Naphthalene acetic acid NAA, Fruitone, Niagara Stik, Cyhexatin Plictran several others Alumnium phosphide Phostoxin Dicofol Kelthane Carbon disulfide Carbon bisulfide Fenbutatin oxide Vendex Carbon tetrachloride Propargite Omite Ch loropic ri n Chlor-0-Pic, Picfume, Ethoxyquin Nix Scald, Stop Scald Profume A, Pentachlorophenol Penta, PCP, Dowicide, several others several others

8