DOCSLIB.ORG

Canad?D SEASONÀL ABUNDANCE, PHYSTOLOGICAL AGE, and DAILY ACTIVITY OF

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Canad?D SEASONÀL ABUNDANCE, PHYSTOLOGICAL AGE, and DAILY ACTIVITY OF Lm National LibrarY Bibliothèque nationale rÉ of Canada du Canada Canadian Theses Service Service des thèses. canadiennes Ottawa, Canada K1 A ON4 The author has granted an irrevocable non- L'auteur a accordé une licence irrévocable et exclusive licence allowing the National Library non exclusive permettant à la Bibliothèque of Canada to reproduce, loan, distribute or sell nationale du Canada de reproduire, prêter, copies of his/her thesis by any means and in distribuer ou vendre des copies de sa thèse any form or format, making this thesis available de quelque manière et sous quelque forme to interested persons. que ce soit pour mettre des exemplaires de cette thèse à la disposition des personnes intéressées. The author retains ownership of the copyright L'auteur conserve la propriété du droit d'auteur in his/her thesis. Neither the thesis nor qui protège sa thèse. Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantial extracts from it may be printed or substantiels de celle-ci ne doivent être otherwise reproduced without his/her per- imprimés ou autrement reproduits sans son mission. autorisation. IqEÍ-¡ ú-11"5-54855*x Canad?d SEASONÀL ABUNDANCE, PHYSTOLOGICAL AGE, AND DAILY ACTIVITY OF HOST.SEEKING HORSE FLIES (DIPTERÄ: TABANIDAE) AT SEVEN SISTERS, MÀNTTOBA, WITH AN EVALUATTON OF PERMETHRIN SPRAY TREATMENTS AS À MEANS OF INCREASTNG THE PERFORMANCE OF GROWTNG BEEF HETFERS SU&fECT TO HORSE FLY ATTACK. by PauI Edward Kaye McElligott, B.Sc. A thesis presented to the University of Manitoba in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science !{innipeg, Manitoba June, l-989 c PauL E.K. McElligott, l-989 SEASONAL ABUNDANCEI PHYSIOLOGICAT AGE, AND DAILY ACTIVITY OF HoST-SEEKING HoRSE FLIES (ITpInne' TABANIDAE) RT snVsN SISTERS, MANIToBA, WITH AN EVALUATION OF PERI'ÍETHRIN SPRAY TREATMENTS AS A MEANS OF INCREASING THE PERFORMANCE OF GROI.IING BEEF HEIFERS SUBJECT TO HORSE FLY ATTACK BY PAUL EDWARD KAYE McELLIGOTT A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Craduate Studies of the u¡riversity of Manitoba in partial fulfillment of the requirenrents of the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE o t9B9 Pernlissior: has been granred to the LIBRARy OF THE UNIVER- SITY OF MANITOBA to Ie¡rd or sell copies of this rhesis. to the NATIONAL LIBRARY OF CANADA to microfilnr rhis thesis and to le¡ld or sell copies of the film, and UNIVERSITy lvf ICROFILIvf S to publish an abstract of this tlìesis. The author reserves other publication rights, and neither the thesis nor extellsive extracts froln it may be prirrted or other- wise reproduced without the author's wrjttelr pernlissjo¡r. I1 ABsTR.ACT Effects of biweekly permethrin treatments on the weight gain performance of growing beef heifers subject to attack by large numbers of blood-feeding tabanids was evaluated. In 1987 and L988 respectively, groups of 55 and 72 heifers (of similar age and weight) r¡rere divided into two herds. Animals in one herd received biweekly whole-body sprays of permethrin (aqueous emulsion, 0.5t permethrin, applied at l- L/aninal), while the other herd was left untreated. Animals in both herds were weighed biweekly and those in one herd r.rere treated concomitantly f rom early June through nid JuJ-y. Permethrin spray treatments did not effectively reduce the impact of horse flies on the animalst weight gains. No consistent trend was apparent in differences between the average daily weight gains of animals in untreated and treated herds, and animals in both herds gained, oD averagie' from 35.38 to 44.82 kg over the 6-week experimental period in both years. Tabanj-ds were trapped frorn dawn until dusk using four Manitoba Horse Fly Traps (MIIFT!s) at Seven Sisters, from mid May until rnid JuIy in L987, and f rom rnid l,Iay until mid August in 1988, to determine the seasonal activity patterns of the various species present. Thirty one tabanid species in four genera (Hvbornitra (L5 spp. ) , Tabanus (4 sPP. ) , I].I Chrysops (11 spp. ) , Haematopota (f- sp. ) ) , of which ten Hybornitra spp. were abundant, were present in MIIFT catches. Hvbornitra lurida (Fa11en), and H. nitidifrons nuda (McDunnough) peaked in abundance in late May to early June; H. illota (Osten Sacken) and H. lasiophthalma (Macguart) in early June; H. affinis (Kirby), H. arpadi (Szilady), and H. zonalis (Kirby) in nid June; and H. epistates (O.S.) and H. pechumani Teskey & Thomas in late June to early August. Hybomitra trepida (McD. ) peaked in abundance twice, in late June and early August. labanid density and diversity was greatest during June, and few flies were present at the site after nid JuIy. Subsamples (L0-30 flies) of daily trap catches were dissected to determine seasonal changes in the per cent parity of ten abundant Hybomitra species. At the beginning of the flight season, 80 to L00å of flies dissected were nulliparous. As the flight season progressed, however, ân increasing proportion of flies captured were parous. After approxinately one month of flight activity, parity in all- but three species reached levels approaching 100å, and remained high thereafter. Hybornitra lurida and H. nitidífrons nuda were 1-008 parous within two v¡eeks of their first appearance in trap catches, and parity of H. trepida increased to l-008 after four weeks, declined to 4OZ two weeks later, and rose again to l-003 after a further 2 weeks. 1V Hourly trapping was carried out between O53O hr and 2230 hr for four days weekly throughout the sunmers of t987 and 1988, to determine the patterns of daily activity of nine tabanid species at Seven Sisters. One MIIFT was used in L987; four traps in L988. Temperature and light intensity lrere recorded at hourly intervals in 1988 on1y. Hvbomítra epistates and H. pechumani v¡ere most active during late morning or rnidday; H. arpadi and H. zonalis in early afternoon; H. affinis, H. i1lota, and H. lasiophthalma in late afternoon; and H. nitidifrons nuda and H. lurida in early evening. The norning onset of tabanid flight activity stas usually temperature related, while the cessation of flight activity in the evening was either temperature or light related, depending on whether temperature or light intensity vras first to faII below threshold leve1s. Tabanid flight activity was generally low at temperatures below 2Oo C, although H. lasiophthalna and H. affinis r{ere caught at ternperatures as low as Lzo c. Little flight activity occurred at light intensity levels below 1000 Iux. At Churchill, Manitoba, where hourly trapping vras carried out in L988, tabanid (H. affinis and H. frontalís (Walker) ) activity was low below L4o c, aÌthough tinited activity occurred down to 60 c. TABLE OF CONTENTS ÀCKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....viii LIST OF TABLES ....x LIST OF FIGURES ..xi FOREWARD ...xiv GENERAL ÏNTRODUCTION ...1 LITERÀTURE REVIEW fmpact of Tabanids on Livestock Production ......3 Control Measures .......8 Clirnatic Factors and Tabanid Host-seeking Activity ..L4 Seasonal Trends in Horse FIy Populations .......L7 CHAPTERS: r. THE EFFECT OF PERMETHRIN TREÀTMENTS ON THE WEIGHT GAINS OF BEEF HEIFERS SURTECT TO STRESS CAUSED BY BITTNG HORSE FLIES. A. INTRODUCTION ......2O B. MATERIALS AND METHODS 1. Study Àrea ....22 2. Tabanid Populations .....22 3. Study Animals ......23 C. RESULTS L. Tabanid Populations .....26 2. Weight Gains .......27 D. DISCUSSION ...28 vi IÏ. SEÀSONÀL DISTRTBUTION AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ÀGE OF HOST- SEEKTNG HORSE FLIES (DIPTERÀ: TABANIDAE: HYBOMTTRA sPP. ) AT SEVEN SISTERS, MANITOBÀ. A. INTRODUCTION ......39 B. MATERÏALS AND METHODS L. Study Area ....41- 2. Collection Technigues ...41 3. Physiological Age Grading ....42 C. RESULTS 1. Seasonal Abundance .... ".43 2. Seasonal Changes in Physiological Àge . .48 D. DISCUSSION 1. Seasonal- Succession of Species ....49 2. Seasonal Changes in Per Cent Parity ....51- ITI. DÀTLY ACTIVTTY OF SEVERAL IiIANITOBA HORSE FLY SPECTES (DTPTERA: TÀBANIDAE: HYBOMITRA SPP. ) . A. ÏNTRODUCTION ......86 B. MATERTALS AND METHODS l-. Study Areas and Data Collection ...89 2. Daily Àctivity Patterns ......91- 3. Esti¡nation of thresholds .....92 4. Frequency Distributions ......92 C. RESULTS l-. Daily Patterns of Tabanid Activity .....93 2. Temperatures, Light Intensities, and Times of onset and Cessation of Tabanid Activity .....95 3. Freguency Dist.ributions ......96 vt l- D. DTSCUSSTON 1-. Daily Activity Patterns ......99 2. Threshold Estimates ....L00 GENERÀL CONCLUSIONS . .139 LITER.A,TURE CITED .....L42 APPENDICES: A. Producer, breed, birth date, and initial weight of beef heifers used in iveight gain study at the Seven Sisters Grassland Project in L987 . .150 B. Producer, breed, birth date, and initial weight of beef heifers used in vreight gain study at the Seven Sisters Grassland Project in 1988 ..L52 c. Principal characteristics of 9 predictive models of daily variation in numbers of tabanid captures as a function of meteorological factors . ..154 D. Mean hourly percentages of total daily tabanid catches for eight tabanid species at Seven Sisters, Manitoba in L987 . L56 viii ACKNOTÍLEDGEI.ÍENTS I take this opportunity to thank aII who helped ne throughout my M.Sc. program. In particular I thank rny supervisor, Dr. Terry D. Galloway for his gluidance, encouragement, humour, and accessability. I also thank the other members of my committee: Drs. Reinhart A. Brust, Garth K. Bracken, and Gary H. Crow, for their hèlpfu1 advice and critical review of this manuscript. I an greatly indebted to Robert Currie and Shelley James who, âs sunmer students, slaved on this project for many hours in the field and laboratory, and Ervin Bachmann who, âs manager of the Seven Sisters Grassland Project, witlingly shared with me his knowledge and expertise of livestock. Dr. Herb J. Teskey, Biosystematics Research Centre (Ottawa) provided invaluable taxonomic assistance. This research was funded in part by an Manitoba Department of Agriculture Àgri-Food grant through the Eastern Grassland Society. I thank the Society and its members, particularly Fraser Stewart, for their support and the use of their cattle.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Wild Species 2010 the GENERAL STATUS of SPECIES in CANADA
    Wild Species 2010 THE GENERAL STATUS OF SPECIES IN CANADA Canadian Endangered Species Conservation Council National General Status Working Group This report is a product from the collaboration of all provincial and territorial governments in Canada, and of the federal government. Canadian Endangered Species Conservation Council (CESCC). 2011. Wild Species 2010: The General Status of Species in Canada. National General Status Working Group: 302 pp. Available in French under title: Espèces sauvages 2010: La situation générale des espèces au Canada. ii Abstract Wild Species 2010 is the third report of the series after 2000 and 2005. The aim of the Wild Species series is to provide an overview on which species occur in Canada, in which provinces, territories or ocean regions they occur, and what is their status. Each species assessed in this report received a rank among the following categories: Extinct (0.2), Extirpated (0.1), At Risk (1), May Be At Risk (2), Sensitive (3), Secure (4), Undetermined (5), Not Assessed (6), Exotic (7) or Accidental (8). In the 2010 report, 11 950 species were assessed. Many taxonomic groups that were first assessed in the previous Wild Species reports were reassessed, such as vascular plants, freshwater mussels, odonates, butterflies, crayfishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. Other taxonomic groups are assessed for the first time in the Wild Species 2010 report, namely lichens, mosses, spiders, predaceous diving beetles, ground beetles (including the reassessment of tiger beetles), lady beetles, bumblebees, black flies, horse flies, mosquitoes, and some selected macromoths. The overall results of this report show that the majority of Canada’s wild species are ranked Secure.
    [Show full text]
  • Nitrogen Content in Riparian Arthropods Is Most Dependent on Allometry and Order
    Wiesenborn: Nitrogen Contents in Riparian Arthropods 71 NITROGEN CONTENT IN RIPARIAN ARTHROPODS IS MOST DEPENDENT ON ALLOMETRY AND ORDER WILLIAM D. WIESENBORN U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Lower Colorado Regional Office, P.O. Box 61470, Boulder City, NV 89006 ABSTRACT I investigated the contributions of body mass, order, family, and trophic level to nitrogen (N) content in riparian spiders and insects collected near the Colorado River in western Arizona. Most variation (97.2%) in N mass among arthropods was associated with the allometric effects of body mass. Nitrogen mass increased exponentially as body dry-mass increased. Significant variation (20.7%) in N mass adjusted for body mass was explained by arthropod order. Ad- justed N mass was highest in Orthoptera, Hymenoptera, Araneae, and Odonata and lowest in Coleoptera. Classifying arthropods by family compared with order did not explain signifi- cantly more variation (22.1%) in N content. Herbivore, predator, and detritivore trophic-levels across orders explained little variation (4.3%) in N mass adjusted for body mass. Within or- ders, N content differed only among trophic levels of Diptera. Adjusted N mass was highest in predaceous flies, intermediate in detritivorous flies, and lowest in phytophagous flies. Nitro- gen content in riparian spiders and insects is most dependent on allometry and order and least dependent on trophic level. I suggest the effects of allometry and order are due to exoskeleton thickness and composition. Foraging by vertebrate predators, such as insectivorous birds, may be affected by variation in N content among riparian arthropods. Key Words: nutrients, spiders, insects, trophic level, exoskeleton, cuticle RESUMEN Se investiguo las contribuciones de la masa de cuerpo, orden, familia y el nivel trófico al con- tenido de nitógeno (N) en arañas e insectos riparianos (que viven en la orilla del rio u otro cuerpo de agua) recolectadaos cerca del Rio Colorado en el oeste del estado de Arizona.
    [Show full text]
  • Hybomitra Arpadi •.•.•.....•.•.••.....••• 115 3.2
    National Library Bibliothèque nationale of Canada du Canada Acquisitions and Direction des acquisitions ct Bibliographie Services Branch des services bibliographiques 395 Wetlt0Ç11on StrCCl 395. ru~ Wcll1nqlon Otlawa. Ontario Ottawa (OnlalMJ) K1AQN4 K1AON4 '.\.1 '.~. \ , ....,. ",~""",,'., ,',' loi" ......~' •• ".r,.".....,. NOTICE AVIS The quality of this microform is La qualité de cette microforme heavily dependent upon the dépend grandement de la qualité quality of the original thesis de la thèse soumise au submitted for microfilming. microfilmage. Nous avons tout Every effort has been made to fait pour assurer une qualité ensure the highest quality of supérieure de reproduction. reproduction possible. If pages are missing, contact the S'il manque des pages, veuillez university which granted the communiquer avec l'université degree. qui a conféré le grade. Sorne pages may have indistinct La qu~;ité d'impression de print especially if the original certaines pages peut laisser à pages were typed with a poor désirer, surtout si les pages typewriter ribbon or if the originales ont été university sent us. an inferior dactylographiées à l'aide d'un photocopy. ruban usé ou si l'université nous a fait parvenir une photocopie de qualité inférieure. Reproduction in full or in part of La reproduction, même partielle, this microform is governed by de cette microforme est soumise the Canadian Copyright Act, à la Loi canadienne sur le droit R.S.C. 1970, c. C-30, and d'auteur, SRC 1970, c. C-30, et subsequent amendments. ses amendements subséquents. Canada • ASPEcrs OF THE BIOLOGY OF HORSE FLIFS AND DEER FLIFS (Diptera: Tabanidae) IN SUBARcnC LABR>_'nR: LARVAL DISTRIBUTION AND DEVELOPMENT, BIOLOGY OF HOST-SEEKING FEMALES, AND EFFECT OF CLIMATIC FACTORS ON DAlLY ACTIVITY.
    [Show full text]
  • Manual of the Families and Genera of North American Diptera
    iviobcow,, Idaho. tvl • Compliments of S. W. WilliSTON. State University, Lawrence, Kansas, U.S.A. Please acknowledge receipt. \e^ ^ MANUAL FAMILIES AND GENERA ]^roRTH American Diptera/ SFXOND EDITION REWRITTEN AND ENLARGED SAMUEL W^' WILLISTON, M.D., Ph.D. (Yale) PROFESSOR OF PALEONTOLOGY AND ANATOMY UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS AUG 2 1961 NEW HAVEN JAMES T. HATHAWAY 297 CROWN ST. NEAR YALE COLLEGE 18 96 Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1896, Bv JAMES T. HATHAWAY, In the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. PREFACE Eight years ago the author of the present work published a small volume in which he attempted to tabulate the families and more important genera of the diptera of the United States. From the use that has been made of that work by etitomological students, he has been encouraged to believe that the labor of its preparation was not in vain. The extra- ordinary activity in the investigation of our dipterological fauna within the past few years has, however, largely destroy- ed its usefulness, and it is hoped that this new edition, or rather this new work, will prove as serviceable as has been the former one. In the present work there has been an at- tempt to include all the genera now known from north of South America. While the Central and West Indian faunas are preeminently of the South American type, there are doubt- less many forms occurring in tlie southern states that are at present known only from more southern regions. In the preparation of the work the author has been aided by the examination, so far as he was able, of extensive col- lections from the West Indies and Central America submitted to him for study by Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Neotropical Diptera 16: 1-199 (April 15, 2009) Depto
    Coscarón & Papavero Neotropical Diptera Neotropical Diptera 16: 1-199 (April 15, 2009) Depto. de Biologia - FFCLRP ISSN 1982-7121 Universidade de São Paulo www.neotropicaldiptera.org Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil Catalogue of Neotropical Diptera. Tabanidae1 Sixto Coscarón Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque, 1900 La Plata, República Argentina Pesquisador Visitante do Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil e-mail: [email protected] & Nelson Papavero Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil Pesquisador Visitante do Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil Introduction This catalogue includes 1082 nominal species, distributed as in the table below (plus 34 unrecognized ones), 28 nomina nuda and 809 references. Subfamily Tribe Genus Subgenus Number of species CHRYSOPSINAE 88 Bouvieromyiini 3 Pseudotabanus Coracella 3 Chrysopsini 93 Chrysops 75 Silvius 9 Assipala 5 Griseosilvius 3 Silvius 1 Rhinomyzini 1 Betrequia 1 PANGONIINAE 315 Mycteromyiini 16 Mycteromyia 3 Promycteromyia 9 Silvestriellus 4 1 This project was supported by FAPESP grants # 2003/10.274-9, 2007/50877-5, and 2007/50878-1. Neotropical Diptera 16 1 Catalogue of the Neotropical Diptera. Tabanidae Pangoniini 129 Apatolestes 5 Apotolestes 4 Lanellus 1 Archeomyotes 1 Austromyans 1 Boliviamyia 1 Brennania 1 Chaetopalpus 1 Esenbeckia
    [Show full text]
  • Neotropical Diptera
    Coscarón & Papavero Neotropical Diptera Neotropical Diptera 6: 1-137 (April 15, 2009) Depto. de Biologia - FFCLRP ISSN 1982-7121 Universidade de São Paulo www.neotropicaldiptera.org Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil Manual of Neotropical Diptera. Tabanidae1 Sixto Coscarón Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque, 1900 La Plata, República Argentina Pesquisador Visitante do Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil e-mail: [email protected] & Nelson Papavero Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil Pesquisador Visitante do Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil Introduction According to Fairchild (1981: 290-291): “Adult tabanids are found in almost all conceivable habitats, from salt lakes and ocean beaches to snowline in the Andes, and from the extreme deserts of coastal Peru and Chile to the nearly perpetually rainy cloud forests of many parts of central America and the eastern slopes of the Andes. With the exception of about a dozen common and wide-ranging species which seem to prefer the more open and disturbed habiats created by man’s agricultural activities, most tabanids have definite habitat preferences. This aspect of their biolgy has been little studied, although Fairchild (1953) summarized knowledge of the arboreal species and Chvala & Stary (1967) noted habitat referencs for Cuban speces. Philip (1978) and Fairchild (1973) noted preferences of certain species for the mangrove swamp habitat [Lutz, 1922: 148 had already noted that larvae of Tabanus obsoletus Wiedemann, 1821 live in that environment].
    [Show full text]
  • University Microfilms, a XEROX Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan
    THE BIOLOGY AND TAXONOMY OF IMMATURE ARIZONA TABANIDAE (DIPTERA) Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Burger, John Frederick, 1940- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 04/10/2021 04:01:01 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/290262 71-16,511 BURGER, John Frederick, 1940- THE BIOLOGY AND TAXONOMY OF IMMATURE ARIZONA TABANIDAE (DIPTERA). University of Arizona, Ph.D., 1971 Entomology University Microfilms, A XEROX Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED THE BIOLOGY AND TAXONOMY OF IMMATURE ARIZONA TABANIDAE (DIPTERA) by John Frederick Burger A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 19 7 1 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE I hereby recommend that this dissertation prepared under my direction by John Frederick Burger entitled THE BIOLOGY AND TAXONOMY OF IMMATURE ARIZONA TABANIDAE (DIPTERA) be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy /iC Dissertation Director Date After inspection of the final copy of the dissertation, the following members of the Final Examination Committee concur in its approval and recommend its acceptance*." V,; . ^?0 (Jbfzrr /£t ? /(f /<77o J* "This approval and acceptance is contingent on the candidate's adequate performance and defense of this dissertation at the final oral examination.
    [Show full text]
  • ABSTRACT TURCATEL, MAUREN. a Molecular Phylogeny of Deer Flies and Their Closest Relatives
    ABSTRACT TURCATEL, MAUREN. A Molecular Phylogeny of Deer Flies and their Closest Relatives. (Under the direction of Dr. Brian M. Wiegmann). Horse flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) are an economically, medically, and ecologically important group of insects. Currently, the most accepted classification of the Tabanidae divides the family into three subfamilies: Tabaninae, Pangoniinae and Chrysopsinae. The Chrysopsinae is the least species rich, with 577 species in 34 genera and 3 tribes worldwide: Bouvieromyiini, with 173 species in 12 genera, Chrysopsini, with 336 species in 9 genera, including the true deer flies Chrysops Meigen, and Rhinomyzini, with 68 species in 13 genera. Previous hypotheses based on morphological data showed a tendency for Bouvieromyiini and Chrysopsini to merge, and the Rhinomyzini to be polyphyletic. However, modern analyses strongly suggest that the subfamily Chrysopsinae is not a monophyletic group, and may be broken into at least four subfamilies. In the first chapter of this thesis, phylogenetic analysis based on standard mitochondrial and nuclear genes of deer flies is performed, aiming to test the monophyly and relationships of existing tribes in order to support a new classification at the subfamily level. A divergence times analysis is used to estimate the ages of origin for major lineages within the radiation of deer flies. In the second chapter, maximum likelihood inference of the Chrysopsinae was performed using molecular data generated by a custom set of anchored enrichment probes, intending to achieve a better resolution of the phylogenetic relationships of deer files based on new methods for obtaining genes and the use of next-generation sequencing technology. And finally, the third chapter consists of the application of transcriptome data from 10 species of brachyceran flies with relatively certain phylogenetic relationships to test a novel automated workflow (Agalma) as a tool for generating alignments of homologous genes and building species trees.
    [Show full text]
  • Benthic Bibliog a to Z
    A Bibliography of Texas Aquatic Invertebrate Ecology and Taxonomy (Steve Ziser; Sept 28, 2008) * = article reviewed and added to Texas aquatic invertebrate distribution maps {} = article reviewed and added to Texas aquatic physico-chemical & biological inventory ? = not sure if it contains specific references to Texas' aquatic critters NTR = No Texas aquatic invert genera or species Records listed c=copied, not recorded yet ><=addl punctuation not available error= incorrect citation, could not be located as written Abbreviations (temporary): ACDT2000 = Robinson 2000 AOBIS2001=Assoc Biodiv Info-SW 2001 BCPLnd = _____nd. Balcones Canyonland Preserve Land Mgt Plan Davis & Buzan 1980=Davis & Buzan 1981 DOT = Mitchell 1997 Lind 1980 = Lind & Bane 1980 [McCafferty 1975] = [McCafferty 1975b] NASL98 = Stark 2001 RET Inc =Ryckman et al 1974 TMCA = Tx Mosq Control Assoc TMOT = _______nd. The Mayflies of Texas TSIOC =Quinn 2007 BFL 1999c = Brackenridge Field Lab 1999c Collections (also added to alphabetical list) Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia c Jersabek, C. D., H. Segers and P. J. Morris. 2003. An illustrated online catalog of the Rotifera in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (Version 1.0: 2003-April-8) URL: http://data.acnatsci.org/biodiversity_databases/rotifer.php (accessed June 6, 2007) Brackenridge Field Lab *Brackenridge Field Lab. 1999c. Aquatic Insects of Texas, Collection and Website: utexas.edu/research/bfl/collections/aq insects. Univ. Texas; Austin, Tx. (accessed 1999) Entomological Museum of Lund University * Danielsson, R. 2007. Coleoptera: Dytiscidae present in the Entomological Museum of Lund University. URL: www.botmus.lu.se/zoomus/ZooDoc/VetSam/ZooEntl/OrdCol/ListCol/014Dytiscidae.html (accessed Feb 28, 2008) Ken Christiansen Collembola Collection * Christiansen, K.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecological Relationships of the Aquatic Macroinvertebrates of the Cascade Springs Area
    Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive Theses and Dissertations 1966-08-01 Ecological relationships of the aquatic macroinvertebrates of the Cascade Springs area Eugene Clark Devenport Brigham Young University - Provo Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd Part of the Life Sciences Commons BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Devenport, Eugene Clark, "Ecological relationships of the aquatic macroinvertebrates of the Cascade Springs area" (1966). Theses and Dissertations. 7673. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7673 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS OF THE AQUATIC MACROINVERTEBRATES OF THE CASCADE SPRINGS AREA A Thesis Presented to the Department of Zoology and Entomology Brigham Young University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science by Eugene Co Devenport August, 1966 This thesis by Eugene C. Devenport is accepted in its present form by the Department of Zoology and Entomology of Brigham Young University as satisfying the thesis require­ ment for the degree of Master of Science. Typed by Berna B. Allred Frontispiece. View of Cascade Springs, cascades, and terraces, looking northwest, Spring, 1966 . (Photo courtesy, Pleasant Grove Ranger District, Uinta National Forest) ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I express appreciation to Dr. Joseph R. Murphy, chairman of my advisory committee, for the considerable help and encouragement given, and to Dr. Joseph R. Murdock, for his suggestions and advice. Appreciation is also given to Robert Sandgren who was my companion and fellow collector for the many trips to Cascade Springs.
    [Show full text]
  • Charles Henry Tyler Townsend
    Zootaxa 3978 (1): 001–362 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Monograph ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3978.1.1 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:526AD103-B380-4274-AB0F-7CBCF0547D73 ZOOTAXA 3978 Nomenclatural Studies Toward a World List of Diptera Genus-Group Names. Part IV: Charles Henry Tyler Townsend NEAL L. EVENHUIS1, ADRIAN C. PONT2 & DANIEL WHITMORE3 1. J. Linsley Gressitt Center for Entomological Research, Bishop Museum, 1525 Bernice Street, Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96817-2704, USA; email: [email protected] 2. Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PW, UK; email: [email protected] 3. Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK; e-mail: [email protected] Magnolia Press Auckland, New Zealand Accepted by J. O'Hara: 8 Dec. 2014; published: 25 Jun. 2015 NEAL L. EVENHUIS, ADRIAN C. PONT & DANIEL WHITMORE Nomenclatural Studies Toward a World List of Diptera Genus-Group Names. Part IV: Charles Henry Tyler Townsend (Zootaxa 3978) 362 pp.; 30 cm. 25 Jun. 2015 ISBN 978-1-77557-735-5 (paperback) ISBN 978-1-77557-736-2 (Online edition) FIRST PUBLISHED IN 2015 BY Magnolia Press P.O. Box 41-383 Auckland 1346 New Zealand e-mail: [email protected] http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ © 2015 Magnolia Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, transmitted or disseminated, in any form, or by any means, without prior written permission from the publisher, to whom all requests to reproduce copyright material should be directed in writing.
    [Show full text]
  • Adult and Immature Tabanidae (Diptera) of California
    BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY Volume 22 Adult and Immature Tabanidae (Diptera) of California by WOODROW W. MIDDLEKAUFF and ROBERT S. LANE ADULT AND IMMATURE TABANIDAE (DIPTERA) OF CALIFORNIA BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY VOLUME 22 ADULT AND IMMATURE TABANIDAE (DIPTERA) OF CALIFORNIA WOODROW W. MIDDLEKAUFF and ROBERT S. LANE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS BERKELEY LOSANGELES LONDON BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY Advisory Editors: H. V. Daly, J. A. Powell, J. N. Belkin, R. M. Bohart, D. P. Furman, J. D. Pinto, E. I. Schlinger, R. W. Thorp VOLUME 22 Issue Date: April 1980 UNIVERSlTY OF CALlFORNIA PRESS BERKELEY AND LOS ANGELES UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS, LTD. LONDON, ENGLAND Middlekauff, Woodrow Wilson, 1913- Adult and immature Tabanidae (Diptera) of California. (Bulletin of the California Insect Survey; v. 22) Bibliography: p. lncludes index. 1. Horseflies-Classification. 2. Larvae-Insects. 3. Insects-Classification. 4. insects-California- Classification. I. Lane, Robert S., joint author. 11. Daly, Howell V. 111. Title. IV. Series: Cali- fornia Insect Survey. Bulletin; v. 22. QL475.C3C3 VOI.22 [QL537.T25] 595.7'09794s 78-66042 lSBN 0-520-09604-5 [595.7'71] lSBN 0-520-09604-5 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARD NUMBER 78-66042 0 1980 BY THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRINTED BY OFFSET IN THE UNlTED STATES OF AMERICA Con tents Acknowledgments, vi INTRODUCTION 1 Adults, 1 Habits and Bionomics, 1 Taxonomic Treatment, 2 Key to Subfamilies and Genera of Tabanidae in California, 3 Immature Stages,
    [Show full text]