Inis: Paper Tape Specifications and Record Format
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IAEA-INIS-8(Rev.1) INIS: PAPER TAPE SPECIFICATIONS AND RECORD FORMAT INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY. VIENNA, FEBRUARY 1971 Other reports in the INIS "Reference Series available in February 1971* IAEA-INIS-l(Rev.l) INIS: Descriptive Cataloguing Rules IAEA-INIS-2(Rev.l) INIS: Descriptive Cataloguing Samples IAEA-INIS-3(Rev.l) INIS: Subject Categories and Scope Descriptions IAEA-INIS-4(Rev.O) IKTS: Instructions for Submitting Abstracts IAEA-lNlS-5(Rev.l) INIS: Terminology and Codes for Countries and International Organizations IAEA-INIS-6(Rev.2) INIS: Authority List for Corporate Entries IAEA-INIS-7(Rev.l) INIS: Magnetic and Punched Paper Tape Codes and Character Sets IAEA-INIS-9(Rev.l) INIS: Magnetic Tape Specifications and Record Format IAEA-INIS-1O(Rev.O) INIS: Transliteration Rules ior Selected Non-Roman Characters IAEA-INIS-11(Rev. О) INTS* Authority List for Journal Titles IAEA-INIS-12(Re v. 0) INIS: Manual for Indexing IAEA-INIS-13(Rev.0) INIS: Thesaurus IAEA-lNlS-13A(Rev. 0) INIS: Terminology Charts Stocks of the following forms may be ordered by centres participating in INIS: INIS Form l(Rev,2) (INIS Worksheet) INIS Form 2(Rev/l) (INIS Abstract) Organizations participating in the INIS network may obtain forms and reasonable quantities of reports in the INIS Reference Series on application to: INIS Section International Atomic Energy Agency P.O. Box 590 A-1011 Vienna Austria Other interested parties may order copies of these reports in accordance with the instructions and prices given on the inside back cover. INIS: PAPER TAPE SPECIFICATIONS AND RECORD FORMAT TABLE OF CONTENTS Page PREFACE 5 1. NON—PRINTABLE CHARACTERS , , 1.1 Notational Conventions for Non-printable Characters .... 7 2. FORMT OF BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORDS 9 2.1 Order of Data Elements 9 2.2 General Format of Data Elements 9 2.3 Continuation Lines 9 2.4 Word Breaking at End of Line 9 2.5 Punctuation 11 2.6 Subject Descriptors (Section 3 of INIS Worksheet) 11 2.7 Omitted Data Elements 12 3. WORKSHEET HEADER 13 3.1 First Worksheet л 13 3.2 Subsequent Worksheets 14 4. SPECIAL CONTROL SEQUENCES 15 4.1 Beginning of Record 15 4.2 Beginning of Data Element 15 4.3 Continuation Line 15 4.4 End of Record 15 4.5 Null Sequences 16 5. ENCODING OF SPECIAL CHARACTERS 17 5.1 Encoding of Group 1 Characters 18 5.2 Encoding of Group 2 Characters (superscripts and subscripts) , .... l8 5.3 Summary of Encoding Rules » 20 6. QUALITY AND DIMENSIONS OF PAPER TAPE 21 7. INPUT BATCHES 22 TABLE 1. COMPARISON OF INIS VERSUS PAPER-TAPE CHARACTER SETS ... 23 TABLE 2. TRANSCRIPTION OF SPECIAL CHARACTERS 24 APPENDIX 1. INIS FLEXOWRITER KEYBOARD ARRANGEMENT 25 - 3 - PREFACE As recommended by the Panel on the Preparation of the Final Proposal for INIS, Vienna, 28-51 October 1968, INIS will accept machine-readable input in either of two media: magnetic tape or punched paper tape. This report describes the rules for the preparation of machine-readable INIS input on punched paper tape. The TNIS character set, described in INIS: Magnetic and Punched Paper Tape Codes and Character Sets (TAEA-INIS-7), consists of 119 different graphics and a "space" character. The ideal paper tape device would therefore be one that permits the direct encoding of the INIS character set. However, existing paper tape devices, although in theory able to produce I28 different punched codes (8 channels including parity), are not, in general, able to display 128 different graphics. (The TNIS Friden Plexowriter Model 2^03i keyboard arrangement is shown in Appendix 1 ) • This means that a number of characters in the INIS character set cannot be directly encoded, but need special handling. Paper tape devices, however, have two major advantages as compared to punched-card devices : a) the ability to encode directly a significantly larger number of characters, and b) the ability to produce a hard copy which can be used immediately for proofreading. Ease of encoding and of proofreading has, in fact, been the guiding principle in the design of the rules contained in this report. An attempt has been made to achieve these goals as follows: - 5 - 1) A paper-tape character set (a subset of the INIS character set) was chosen so that the most frequent characters are directly encodable, and a coding scheme was devised for the remaining characters which is both easy to memorize and to proofread. 2) The encoding rules were devised so that the hard copy always reflects a "true image" of the information actually recorded on the punched paper tape. - 6 - 1. NON-PRINTABLE CHARACTERS It is essential that the hard copy produced by the paper tape device gives a "true linage" of the information actually recorded on the paper tape; the hard copy must convey to the proofreader all the information recorded. This is trivial, of course, for text characters: if the hard copy reads e.g. "reactor", it is certain that the paper tape will actually contain the letters r-e-a-c-t-o-r. In the encoding process, however, the operator uses special control keys to which no printable graphics are assigned. Therefore there will be characters which are (and must) be present on the paper tape, but which are not visible on the hard copy. The number of such characters has been limited to four, viz.: tabulator (TAB), carriage return (CR), upper-case shift (UC) and lower case shift (LC). All other control characters are "printable" characters (?.g.@. #). The presence of a CR code on the tape can be inferred by the fact that a new line must have been initiated by depressing the CR key. The presence of UC and LC codes can also, of course, be deduced by the text characters actually printed. The printed output does not, however, give unequivocal indications of the use of the TAB key since the same effect could be produced by multiple depressions of the "space" key. It is, therefore, most important to instruct keypunchers to use the TAB key where demanded by the instructions. Multiple use of the "space" key would in these cases result in erroneous interpretations of the records. For the purpose of INIS records the tabulator stop is set at least 6 positions to the right of the left margin (the reason for this will be clear from the sequel). - 7 - 1.1 Notational conventions for non-printable characters To improve the readability of this report the following conventions have been adopted: 1) In the description of the general forms of bibliographic elements, the non-printable control characters are indicated by R, A, к, 4 in order to distinguish them from actual в text characters. 2) In the examples, a carriage return (CR) is indicated by the symbol i=. - 8 - 2. FORMAT OF BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORDS 2.1 Order of data elements Data elements are punched in the order in which they are given on the worksheet. 2.2 General format of data elements Each data element must begin on a new line. The general form of a data element is as follows: T TAG A TEXT? в R 20 Continuation lines If a data element extends beyond more than one line, each continuation line must begin with a tabulation (TAB) immediately followed by the text, i.e. the tag of the data element must not be repeated in each line. Note, however, that for data elements with a tag which is less than 100 no continuation line is allowed. Example : left margin tab setting Ï I 200 The application of spectral data from ^ isotopically substituted molecules to the determination of anharmonic potential energy constants 7*= 300 BNL--9684 ft 2.4 Word breaking at end of line The length of a line of text is at the discretion of the operator. Whenever it Is necessary to break the text at the end of the line a simple convention must be followed, so that the computer can correctly handle continuation lines. - 9 - As a rule the computer will automatically insert a space immediately before the first text character of a continuation line except in the following two cases: a) when the last text character of the previous line is a-hyphen (-); in this case the computer will assume that a hyphenated word has been broken between two lines; and b) when the last text character of the previous line is an equal sign (=); in this case the computer will delete the equal sign so that, in the final INIS record, the first text character of the continuation line will follow immediately the character preceding the equal sign. (Note that in order to have an actual equal sign at the end of the line, two equal signs are required, since one will be deleted by the computer). Examples : left margin tab setting i I 200 Automatic machine for milling^ fins on cylindrical par=^ Computer printout: Automatic machine for milling fins on cylindrical parts 200 Triple-axis neutron spectrometer-Ф computer interfaced Computer printout: Triple-axis neutron spectrometer-computer interface 200 Collective effects in the phosphorus-31= ф (helium-3, proton)sulfur-Ф 31 reaction^ Computer printout: Collective effects in the phosphorus-J51(helium-3, proton)sulfur-31 reaction 200 Cross-sections for A=242 and v== ф 2200 m/s ф Computer printout: Cross-sections for A=242 and v=2200 m/s - 10 - 2.5 Punctuation Since it Is Impossible for the computer to distinguish between a grammatical full stop and the full stop used at the end of an abbreviated word, the following rule must be strictly followed to ensure consistency in the computer produced indexes: Do not enter a full stop at the end of a data element unless the last word is an abbreviated word or an author's initial.