DOCSLIB.ORG

NAIROBI 1899-1939: HISTOIRE DE LA CREATION DUNE VILLE COLONIALE ET ETUDE DE LA VIE ECONOMIQUE ET SOCIALE DE LA POPULATION BLANCHE Sophie Picon-Loizillon

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
NAIROBI 1899-1939: HISTOIRE DE LA CREATION DUNE VILLE COLONIALE ET ETUDE DE LA VIE ECONOMIQUE ET SOCIALE DE LA POPULATION BLANCHE Sophie Picon-Loizillon NAIROBI 1899-1939: HISTOIRE DE LA CREATION DUNE VILLE COLONIALE ET ETUDE DE LA VIE ECONOMIQUE ET SOCIALE DE LA POPULATION BLANCHE Sophie Picon-Loizillon To cite this version: Sophie Picon-Loizillon. NAIROBI 1899-1939: HISTOIRE DE LA CREATION DUNE VILLE COLONIALE ET ETUDE DE LA VIE ECONOMIQUE ET SOCIALE DE LA POPULATION BLANCHE. Histoire. Universit´eParis VII, 1985. Fran¸cais. <tel-01266579> HAL Id: tel-01266579 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01266579 Submitted on 3 Feb 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destin´eeau d´ep^otet `ala diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publi´esou non, lished or not. The documents may come from ´emanant des ´etablissements d'enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche fran¸caisou ´etrangers,des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou priv´es. U N I V E R S I T E P A R I S V I I U.E.R. 1e Gëographie, Histoire et Sciences de la Soclété THESE DE DOCTORAl DE 3me CYCLE EN HISTOIRE CIWDU P. 0. Box 58480, Nairobi - présentée par Sophie PICON-LOIZILLON Nirohi 1899-1939 Histoire de Ia creation dune yule coloniale et étude de la vie économique et sociale de Ia population blanche sous la direction da Madame Catherine CQQUEFY-VIDROVITCH 195 P/c I. P L A N FA Introduction . 1 Premiere partie : La population Europenne du Kenya I. Croissance de la population blanche Pourl'ensembledu Kenya ..................... 15 Immigration-Emigration ......................... 17 Nata1it6-Mortaiit ............................. 20 La population de Nairobi ....................... 24 II. Origines géographiques et sociales de la population blanche Essentiellernent des Britanniques ............. 32 Une colonie " Upper Mid.dle-Class ............. 39 Deuxiëme partie : La mise en place de Ia yule, urbanisme et sëgrëgation. I. Problèmes techniques 1.Letrac6deiaviile ........................... 47 2. Alimentation en eau et •éiectricité, drainage 53 Hygiene et sante publique ..................... 61 II. II. La ségrégation JustiFications ............................... 72 Les quartiers Africains ...................... 74 Lesquartierslndiens ........................ 78 Les Private Township ......................... 82 Les transports ............................... 86 III. L'habitat et la speculation Le logement des fonctionnaires coloniaux et des ingénieurs de l'Uganda Railway Company • 92 Las habitations des colons et la spéculation 98 Critiques ................................... 105 Government House ........................... 108 IV. Gestion et protection tie la vi]Je La municipalité de Nairobi ................... 126 Laloietl'ordre ........................... 135 Troisiëme partie : Activités COnorniqueS et vie sociale des Blancs de Nairobi I. Occupations et revenus ties blancs 1. L'optimisme des premieres années et les effets de la Premiere Guerre Mondiale 150 III. Les occupations des Biancs et la crise de 1929 .................................. 163 Les frictions internes de la communauté Eu r o p é e n n e ............................ 1 75 H. La vie sociale des Blancs de Nairobi La vie de famille ..................... 189 L'éducation des enf'ants ............... 197 Le culte .............................. 205 Les ioisjrs ............................ 210 Conclusion ....................................... 238 Bibliographie IV. C'est sous la direction de Catherine Coquery-Vidrovitch que j'ai réalisë cette thse de 3me cycle en Histoire. Grace a son soutien, j'ai gt6 Al- locataire de Recherche pendant deux ans, du ler dcembre 1982 au 30 No- vembre 1984 au sein du Laboratoire Tiers-Monde, Afrique : Les sociétés dans leur Histoire et leur Environnement et de l't.TER Géographie, Histoi- re et Sciences de la Sociëté de l'Universitë PARIS VII. De même, j'ai bénéficié d'une bourse de mission " Jeune Chercheur " qui m'a permis de me rendre au Kenya au mois de mars 1983 et de consulter les archives de ce pays. Antony Clayton, auteur avec Donald Savage de Government and Labour in Kenya 1899-1963, a tres gentiment et oatienixnent accepté d'être mon Professeur Britannique ". Ii m'a considérablement aidée et encouragée dans mon travail par ses explications et ses conseils. Le soutien de Bénédicte Picon et Chantal Loizillon ne fGt en rien uni- versitaire mais cependant très précieux. Chaque fois que j 'ai dO me ren- dre en Grande-Bretagne ou au Kenya, elles ont accueilli mes enfants chez elles. Elles m'ont ainsi permis de partir l'esprit libre de toute préoccu- pation familiale pour me consacrer uniquement a mes recherches. A ces quatre personnes, je dédie cette thse. V. Je remercie ici toutes las personnes qui par leur aide, leurs encourage- ments et leurs critiques m'ont assisté dans mon travail En Grande-Eretagne, John Lonsdale, Professeur a Trinity College, Cambridge Michael Redley, auteur de l'excellente these The Politic of a Predicament The White Community int.enya 1918-1932 ; Trevor C. Colchester, Administra- teur colonial au Kenya de 1933 a 1963 qui a bien voulu me recevoir chez lui at avec lequel j'ai eu une longue conversation portant essentiellemeut sur la vie sociale des Européens de Nairobi. Au Kenya, le Professeur Muriuki, Chairman du Ddpartement d'Hiscoire de l'Université de Nairobi qui m'a aidée a obtenir le permis de recherche, délivrd par le gouvernement du Kenya, obligatoire pour consulter les ar- chives de de pays ; le Docteur Karim Janmohamed, Senior Lecturer ai Dépar- tement d'Histoire de l'Université de Nairobi qui a mis a ma disposition des travaux et des articles réalisés par des étudiants Kenyans. Je remercie les archivistes du Public Record Office a Kew en Grande-Bretagne, des Kenya National Archives a Nairobi ; las bibliothêcaires de Rhodes House a Oxford, de la Royal Commonwealth Society Library, d Ia British National Newspapers Library, de la School of Oriental and African Studies Library, a Londres ; de la Nairobi University Library ec de La MeMillan Memorial Library a Nairobi ; du Centre de Documentation du Laboratoire Tiers-Monde, Afrique de l'Universitd Paris VII, de la Bibliotheque • d'Afrique et d'Outre-Mer a la Documentation Francaise a Paris, grace auxquels mon travail de chercheur a été facilité. vi. Je remercie aussi pour leur hospitalitë les Français rencontrés a Nairobi Jérôme Bourdon, gurney et Jean-Francois Médard, Daniel et Danielle Bourmaud. L'existence du CREDU a Nairobi est un encouragement pour les chercheurs francais qui se consacrerit a Uétude des pays d t Afrique Anglophone ec Lusophone. Je suis trés reconnaissante de l'enthousiasme et de l'intdrêt a tous les sujets dont font preuve tous ceux qui travaillent au CREDU. Et pour clore ce chapitre, je respecterai la tradition toute Britannique qui veut que presque chaque auteur universitaire remercie ses proches, avant tout pour la patience dont us ont fait preuve pendant la durée de ces travaux absorbants que sont la recherche et la redaction d'une these. Alors comme disent les Anglais " At last but not least " je remecie Nicolas Loizillori. vi'. Liste des Ithréviations MOM : Bibliothêque d'Afrique et d'Outre-Mer BNNL : British National Newspapers Library C.O. : Colonial Office E.A.P. : East Africa Protectorate E.A.S. : East Africa Standard E.A.W.L. East African Women League F.M. : Foreign Office KNA Kenya National Archives MMML : Mc Millan Memorial Library PRO : Public Record Office RCS Royal Commonwealth Society TEE LEADER The Leader of British east Africa, Uganda and the Lakes Lieux gëographiques et noms propres J'ai orthographié les lieux géographiques en français quand us sont situs hors de l'Afrique Orientale Anglophone. Dans les cas du Kenya, de 1 'Uganda et du Tanganyka, j 'ai respecté 1 'orthographe anglaise pour une plus grande rapiditd d'écriture car la difference avec l'orthographe française se situe surtout au niveau du - u - anglais qui s'écrit - ou - en Français. Exemple : pour Uganda prononcer Ouganda. VIII. Je n'ai pas traduit en Français les noms des différents ddpartements du gouvernement Britannique come du gouvernement colonial, ni les grades des membres de l'administration. Maintenus en Anglais ces noms sont par- faitement compréhensibles et la modification de sens qu'apporte toute traduction est ainsi évitée. Dans ces cas précis, j 'ai touj ours commence le mot en Anglais par une majuscule. Exemple : Commissioner of the East Africa Protectorate. Traductions A part quelques ouvrages en Français cites dans la bibliographic, toutes les sources dont j 'ai dispose sont en Anglais. Toutes les citations dans cette thse sont des traductions que j ai fai- tes de l'Anglais au Français. Je demande au lecteur l'indulgence pour les maladresses que j'ai Pu comet- tre. Ix. - Liste des Illustrations PHOTOGRAPUIES : Nairobi en 1898 Nairobi en 1904 Depart d'une chasse a Courre devant Government House en 1910 Palais de Justice de Nairobi vers 1910 Government House construit par Sir H. Baker Kenya and Uganda Railways Headquarters Le Palais de Justice 1930 Mc Millan Memorial Library 1930 National Bank of Kenya Limited 1930 Torr's Hotel 1930 All Saints Cathedral, telle qu'elle dtait a Ia veille de 1939 Vue adrienne de Nairobi vers 1936 CARTES Kenya Frontières administratives et communications Nairobi 1905 Nairobi 1937 X. " La c.ornpkéi rovi de towte vLUe p/tappo a aonpkeh n,ovi. de £a. 4ocié.té it £.aqaeLe eLee. a.ppai.erz-t. Va.v,ó £e ca6 de ta v.LUa Lt 4'cLgLt de L.a. .00ci.A-t coL.o- naie., dovt.t u.ne iinponta.n-t wrnpo4cut quoique num&tiquement 6aibte e..ot L.a corn u.ria.wté coL.orLa.L.c Ewwpenne ". King A.D. Colonial Urban Development p. 13, 1976 " Mais it y a. du miUieA,,s de gen..o ravi Aqaa qwL pow La..Lcvlt cnL.cvo phtjqjn-t da teuu baviLi.cu..e.4 e.t ta.vt4po.'t-té dans une VL d 'a.wt'te a6-té de L.a. 'Ut. et a. pe-Lne 4 apv,- cevoiA de L.a.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Japanese Buddhism
    Japanese Buddhism APAÑESE B u d d h i s m Sir Charles Eliot With a Memoir of the Author by Sir Harold Parlett Edited and Completed by G. B. Sansom First published 1994 by Curzon Press Ltd. Published 2014 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire 0X14 4RN 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint o f the Taylor and Francis Group, an informa business © 1994 Curzon Press Ltd. ISBN 978-0-7007-0263-3 (hbk) ISBN 978-0-415-75987-8 (pbk) British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A CIP record for this title is available on request from the British Library CONTENTS Pa g b I n P ia m M E MORI AM. By Sir Harold Parlett . vii BOOK I. A SURVEY OF BUDDHISM IN INDIA AND CHINA. Ch a p. I. T h e Ca n o n s ............................................ 3 II. T h e D o c t r i n e s ........................................................30 III. Buddhism in I n d i a ........................................................62 IV. T h e P a n t h e o n ...................................................................99 V. B u d d h i s m i n Ch i n a ........................................................142 BOOK II. HISTORY OF JAPANESE BUDDHISM. YI. P r e f a t o r y R e m a r k s ............................................179 VII. Introduction of Buddhism . .197 V III. N a r a P e r i o d :—T h e Ol d e r Se c t s . 218 IX . H e i a n P e r i o d T e n d a i a n d Sh i n g o n .
    [Show full text]
  • UCLA Ufahamu: a Journal of African Studies
    UCLA Ufahamu: A Journal of African Studies Title The Uganda Offer, 1902-1905: A Study of Settlement Concessions in British East Africa Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/91x5k9wm Journal Ufahamu: A Journal of African Studies, 5(1) ISSN 0041-5715 Author Cliansmith, Michael Publication Date 1974 DOI 10.5070/F751017515 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California - 71 - 11-IE OOWDl\ DEFEE. .19J2-l9J5 A STUDY OF SETTLEI1ENT CONCESSia~S IN BRITISH EAST AFRICA by fU CHAE L S. CLI NANSMITH I have been cal:led the apostle of the Ang~o-Sa:r:on race, and I am proud of the tit~e. I think the AngZo-Sa:wn race is as fine as any on earth. Not that I despise other races .... There is> in fact, only one that I desFise - the J6.Js, sizo. They are physicaL cQJ)ards . --Joseph Chamberlain The Roots of Nau ~1au (An Introduction) The disruption caused by Mau Mau (i.e. the Kenya Land and Freedom Army) in the early 1950s was the culmination of a tripartite conflict over a single issue--land. The presence of white settlers upon the better agricultu:ral lands had been bolstered by an attitude of racial and economic superiority to the African population. The African populations were the vic­ tims of the alienation of this land and the increasing influ­ ence of European immigrants. Finally, the British Colonial Office tried to create a situation conducive to cohabitation by both races. Explicit in the dual policy in Kenya were two doctrines : the paramountcy of African interests and the en­ couragement of economic development of Kenya .
    [Show full text]
  • European Settlers' Political Struggles in the East Africa Protectorate, 1902-1912
    Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports 2016 Early Political Discord in Kenya: European Settlers' Political Struggles in the East Africa Protectorate, 1902-1912 Makhete Fall Follow this and additional works at: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd Recommended Citation Fall, Makhete, "Early Political Discord in Kenya: European Settlers' Political Struggles in the East Africa Protectorate, 1902-1912" (2016). Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports. 5569. https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/5569 This Dissertation is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by the The Research Repository @ WVU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Dissertation in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you must obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Dissertation has been accepted for inclusion in WVU Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports collection by an authorized administrator of The Research Repository @ WVU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Early Political Discord in Kenya: European Settlers’ Political Struggles in the East Africa Protectorate, 1902-1912 Makhete Fall Dissertation submitted to the Eberly College of Arts and Social Sciences At West Virginia University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy In History Robert M. Maxon, Ph. D., Chair Joseph M. Hodge, Ph. D. Mark B. Tauger, Ph. D. Tamba M’Bayo, Ph. D. Brent Mc Cusker, Ph.
    [Show full text]
  • Forgotten Battlefields – Canadians in Siberia 1918-1919
    HISTORY CWM 19710261-0316 Canadian Outside the Depot – Siberia, Russia, painting by Colonel Louis Keene. FORGOTTEN BATTLEFIELDS – CANADIANS IN SIBERIA 1918-1919 by Ian C.D. Moffat Introduction Alexander Kerensky accelerated the disintegration of the Eastern Front throughout the spring and summer of 1917. nbeknownst to most Canadians, our fighting men Uin the First World War actually saw action in At the same time, the Allies were plagued by failed Russia in 1918, and continued fighting into most of 1919. offensives and stalemates along the Western Front, and in In fact, during the Siberian intervention portion of Italy. The Chemin des Dames offensive, initiated by the this campaign, the British commander was a Canadian, French, with British support, was expected to achieve a Brigadier-General James H. Elmsley. However, the choice breakthrough, but it resulted in only a few hundred yards of of going to Russia was not one that Canadians made gained territory. Although it resulted in the Canadian independently, but, rather, it was a decision made by the Corps emerging victorious and proud with a solid reputation strategic leaders in Britain, France, the United States, for combat excellence on Vimy Ridge, the offensive and Japan. Canada had an operational voice, but had little bogged down to a stalemate after a week, and it eventually strategic influence, until the very end. resulted in the mutiny of the French Army. The 1917 summer assault at Ypres, known as the Battle of Passchendaele, also Background held aspirations for a breakthrough to the Belgian coast. However, this offensive quickly became a ‘slogging match’ he Allies did not decide to intervene in Russia as that ground to a halt in November 1917 after the Canadians Tan independent operation divorced from other captured the village of Passchendaele.
    [Show full text]
  • Forced Labor and Humanitarian Ideology in Kenya, 1911--1925
    Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports 2002 Forced labor and humanitarian ideology in Kenya, 1911--1925 Opolot James Okia West Virginia University Follow this and additional works at: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd Recommended Citation Okia, Opolot James, "Forced labor and humanitarian ideology in Kenya, 1911--1925" (2002). Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports. 2427. https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/2427 This Dissertation is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by the The Research Repository @ WVU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Dissertation in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you must obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Dissertation has been accepted for inclusion in WVU Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports collection by an authorized administrator of The Research Repository @ WVU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Forced Labor and Humanitarian Ideology in Kenya, 1911-1925 Opolot Okia Dissertation submitted to the: Eberly College of Arts and Sciences at West Virginia University in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History Robert M. Maxon, Ph.D., Chair Steve Zdatny, Ph.D. Amos J. Beyan, Ph.D. Rodger Yeager, Ph.D. Katherine Bankole, Ph.D. Department of History Morgantown, West Virginia 2002 Keywords: Colonial Kenya, Intellectual History, Power and Ideology, Post Colonial Studies, Imperial History Copyright 2002 Opolot Okia ABSTRACT Forced Labor and Humanitarian Ideology in Kenya, 1911-1925 Opolot Okia This dissertation research examines forced labor in colonial Kenya from 1911 to 1925 and the critique of this institution from various humanitarian organizations in Britain and subsequent changes in colonial policy regarding forced labor.
    [Show full text]
  • British Colonial Policy, Somali Identity, and the Gosha ‘Other’ in Jubaland Province, 1895 to 1925
    Pushing Marginalization: British Colonial Policy, Somali Identity, and the Gosha ‘Other’ in Jubaland Province, 1895 to 1925 David Ryan Blaha Thesis submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts In History Brett L. Shadle, Chair Beverly A. Bunch-Lyons Matthew Heaton 4 May, 2011 Blacksburg, VA Keywords: Jubaland, British East Africa, Somalia, Somaliland, Goshaland, Juba River, Kismayu, Colonialism, Colonial Policy, Race, Identity, Marginalization, Othering, Slavery, Somali, Gosha, Somali-Bantu, Sir Charles Eliot, Hastings Horne, Darod, Ogaden, and Herti Copyright 2011, David Ryan Blaha Pushing Marginalization: British Colonial Policy, Somali Identity, and the Gosha ‘Other’ in Jubaland Province, 1895 to 1925 David Ryan Blaha ABSTRACT Throughout the 19th century, large numbers of enslaved people were brought from southeastern Africa to work on Somali plantations along the Benadir Coast and Shebelle River. As these southeast Africans were manumitted or escaped bondage, many fled to the west and settled in the heavily forested and fertile Gosha district along the Juba River. Unattached, lacking security, and surrounded by Somalis-speaking groups, these refugees established agricultural communities and were forced to construct new identities. Initially these riverine peoples could easily access clan structures and political institutions of surrounding Somali sub- clans, which in pre-colonial Jubaland were relatively fluid, open,
    [Show full text]
  • Copyright British Foreign Office Russia Correspondence Guide To
    %ULWLVK)RUHLJQ2IILFH5XVVLDFRUUHVSRQGHQFHJXLGHWRWKHVFKRODUO\ UHVRXUFHVPLFURILOPHGLWLRQRIWKH3XEOLF5HFRUG2IILFH&ROOHFWLRQ %G>@ :LOPLQJWRQ'HO XUQQEQGHEYEEVE 'LH3')'DWHLNDQQHOHNWURQLVFKGXUFKVXFKWZHUGHQ Copyright Das Copyright für alle Webdokumente, insbesondere für Bil- The Bayerische Staatsbibliothek (BSB) owns the copyright for der, liegt bei der Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek. Eine Folge- all web documents, in particular for all images. Any further use verwertung von Webdokumenten ist nur mit Zustimmung der of the web documents is subject to the approval of the Baye- Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek bzw. des Autors möglich. Exter- rische Staatsbibliothek and/or the author. External links to the ne Links auf die Angebote sind ausdrücklich erwünscht. Eine offer of the BSB are expressly welcome. However, it is illegal unautorisierte Übernahme ganzer Seiten oder ganzer Beiträge to copy whole pages or complete articles or parts of articles oder Beitragsteile ist dagegen nicht zulässig. Für nicht-kom- without prior authorisation. Some individual materials may be merzielle Ausbildungszwecke können einzelne Materialien ko- copied for non-commercial educational purposes, provided that piert werden, solange eindeutig die Urheberschaft der Autoren the authorship of the author(s) or of the Bayerische Staatsbibli- bzw. der Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek kenntlich gemacht wird. othek is indicated unambiguously. Eine Verwertung von urheberrechtlich geschützten Beiträgen Unless provided otherwise by the copyright law, it is illegal and und Abbildungen der auf
    [Show full text]
  • Missions and the Mediation of Modernity in Colonial Kenya
    Penn History Review Volume 20 Issue 1 Spring 2013 Article 2 December 2013 Missions and the Mediation of Modernity in Colonial Kenya Christopher Allen University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/phr Recommended Citation Allen, Christopher (2013) "Missions and the Mediation of Modernity in Colonial Kenya," Penn History Review: Vol. 20 : Iss. 1 , Article 2. Available at: https://repository.upenn.edu/phr/vol20/iss1/2 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/phr/vol20/iss1/2 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Missions in Colonial Kenya M+,,+'-, .-* $)# M#*+.$+'- '& M'*#%-+$/ +- C'0'-+.0 K#-/. Christopher Allen “One would scarcely believe it possible that a centre so new VKRXOG EH DEOH WR GHYHORS VR PDQ\ GLYHUJHQW DQG FRQÁLFWLQJ interests… There are already in miniature all the elements of keen political and racial discord… The white man versus the black; … WKHRIÀFLDOFODVVDJDLQVWWKHXQRIÀFLDO«DOOWKHVHGLIIHUHQWSRLQWV of view, naturally arising, honestly adopted, tenaciously held, and not yet reconciled into any harmonious general conception, confront the visitor in perplexing disarray.” – Winston Churchill, My African Journey1 European missionaries played a crucial role in colonial development. Colonial East Africa, throughout its history of settlement and control by the British, from early exploration to the State’s origin as the East Africa Protectorate (1895 until 1920) to its later status as Kenya Colony (1920 until
    [Show full text]
  • Land and Labour in Kenya Under British Colonial Rule from 1888 to 1953
    Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research University of Oran Faculty of Letters, Languages and Arts Department of Anglo-Saxon Languages English Section Magister Thesis In African Civilization Land and Labour in Kenya under British Colonial Rule from 1888 to 1953 Presented By: Supervised By: TOUAIBIA Mohammed Zahir Pr. LAHOUEL Badra Board of Examiners : Soutenue le 02 Juillet 2014 - Chairperson Pr. Bouhadiba Zoulikha - Supervisor Pr. Lahouel Badra - Examiner Dr. Moulfi Leila Academic Year 2013/2014 Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research University of Oran Faculty of Letters, Languages and Arts Department of Anglo-Saxon Languages English Section Magister Thesis In African Civilization Land and Labour in Kenya under British Colonial Rule from 1888 to 1953 Presented By: Supervised By: TOUAIBIA Mohammed Zahir Pr. LAHOUEL Badra Board of Examiners : - Chairperson Pr. Bouhadiba Zoulikha - Supervisor Pr. Lahouel Badra - Examiner Dr. Moulfi Leila Academic Year 2013/2014 I owe all my gratitude to my teacher Badra Lahouel for her supervision, precious pieces of advice, and patience during the preparation of this thesis. I would like to thank all my teachers of the doctoral school of English for their fruitful lectures. I thank deeply the members of the jury Pr. Bouhadiba Zoulikha and Dr. Moulfi Leila who had devoted time examining the present work. I CONTENTS Acknowledgment s………………................................................................I
    [Show full text]
  • British Empire Governors (All British-Appointed Governors Throughout the Empire)
    British Empire Governors (All British-appointed Governors throughout the Empire) United Kingdom 3 Apr 1603 personal union of Kingdoms of England and Scotland 12 May 1707 United Kingdom of Great Britain 1 Jan 1801 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 12 Apr 1927 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (in official, non-statutory use from 6 Dec 1922) Kings/Queens - Orange dynasty – 23 Feb 1689 - 19 Mar 1702 William III (in Scotland William II)(jointly with following) - Stuart dynasty – 23 Feb 1689 - 7 Jan 1695 Mary II 19 Mar 1702 - 12 Aug 1714 Anne - Hanover dynasty – 12 Aug 1714 - 22 Jun 1727 George I 22 Jun 1727 - 25 Oct 1760 George II 26 Oct 1760 - 29 Jan 1820 George III 29 Jan 1820 - 26 Jun 1830 George IV (5 Feb 1811 - 29 Jan 1820 prince regent for George III) 26 Jun 1830 - 20 Jun 1837 William IV 20 Jun 1837 - 22 Jan 1901 Victoria (Empress of India as of 1 May 1876) - Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (from 17 Jul 1917, Windsor) dynasty – 22 Jan 1901 - 6 May 1910 Edward VII (Emperor of India) 6 May 1910 - 20 Jan 1936 George V (Emperor of India) 20 Jan 1936 - 11 Dec 1936 Edward VIII (Emperor of India) 11 Dec 1936 - 6 Feb 1952 George VI (Emperor of India until 22 June 1948) 6 Feb 1952 - Elizabeth II Aden 16 Jan 1839 British occupation of Aden Sep 1839 subordinated to Bombay 1873 Aden protectorates acquired 1932 Aden a separate province of British India 1 Apr 1937 British colony and protectorates 11 Feb 1959 Federation of Arab Emirates of the South 4 Apr 1962 Federation of South Arabia Governors 1 Apr 1937 - 24 Oct 1940 Sir Bernard
    [Show full text]
  • The Short History of Indian Doctors in the Colonial Medical Service, British East Africa Anna Greenwood and Harshad Topiwala
    CHAPTER FOUR The maintenance of hegemony: the short history of Indian doctors in the Colonial Medical Service, British East Africa Anna Greenwood and Harshad Topiwala It is known that an increasing number of Indian doctors came to reside in the East African Protectorate (Kenya after 1920), following its formal colonisation by the British in 1895. What is less known, however, is that although some of these medical immigrants established themselves as private practitioners, the majority of them – at least in the period before 1923 – joined the Colonial Medical Service. Although these Indian practitioners were not appointed to the same rank as the European Medical Officers (MOs), they nevertheless were medically qualified individuals who had undergone training in Western medicine in India, usually for a minimum of three to five years, depending upon when and where the diploma or certificate was obtained.1 Despite being awarded the less-prestigious rank of Assistant Surgeon, Sub-Assistant Surgeon (SAS) or Hospital Assistant within the Colonial Medical Service, and being paid lower salaries than MOs, these Indians to all intents and purposes fulfilled clinical roles and responsibilities similar to those of their European counterparts. Indeed, ample evidence exists that, before 1923, Indian practitioners were regarded as an invaluable constituent part of the medical infrastructure in the East African Protectorate. At their peak in 1920, there were almost twice as many Indian doctors as European MOs in the Government Medical Department. Furthermore,
    [Show full text]
  • Dissertation Submitted for the Degree of Ph.D
    Dissertation submitted for the Degree of Ph.D. in the University of Cambridge STUDIES IN DISTRICT ADMINISTRATION IN THE EAST AFRICA PROTECTORATE (1895-1918) By T.H.R. Cashmore Jesus College, CAMBRIDGE November 1965 ii “Studies in district administration in the East Africa Protectorate 1895-1918.” “Imagine this state of affairs on board a ship……The Master is bigger and burlier than any of the crew, but a little deaf and short-sighted and no less deficient in seamanship. The sailors are quarrelling over the control of the helm; each thinks he ought to steer the vessel, though he has never learnt navigation….what is more they assert that navigation is a thing that cannot be taught at all, and are ready to tear to pieces anyone who says it can. Meanwhile, they besiege the master himself, begging him urgently to trust them with the helm…..” (Adeimantus in Plato’s “Republic”) iii iv Foreword Thanks to Hugh Walker, lately of the Kenya administration, who transcribed the text into an electronic format, the Cambridge African Studies Centre is pleased to be able to offer Dick Cashmore’s PhD. dissertation to a new readership—those without access to the Cambridge University Library. Since 1965 the thesis has there been consulted by barely two dozen scholars. It deserves a wider public. Why? There are four good reasons. Cashmore pulls together instructive conflicts in Kenya’s early colonial history that have not received similar connected treatment since. He also tells us more than other authors about the country’s first colonial rulers, their social origins, their assumptions, their practical rules of survival, their failures.
    [Show full text]