Japanese Buddhism
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
UCLA Ufahamu: a Journal of African Studies
UCLA Ufahamu: A Journal of African Studies Title The Uganda Offer, 1902-1905: A Study of Settlement Concessions in British East Africa Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/91x5k9wm Journal Ufahamu: A Journal of African Studies, 5(1) ISSN 0041-5715 Author Cliansmith, Michael Publication Date 1974 DOI 10.5070/F751017515 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California - 71 - 11-IE OOWDl\ DEFEE. .19J2-l9J5 A STUDY OF SETTLEI1ENT CONCESSia~S IN BRITISH EAST AFRICA by fU CHAE L S. CLI NANSMITH I have been cal:led the apostle of the Ang~o-Sa:r:on race, and I am proud of the tit~e. I think the AngZo-Sa:wn race is as fine as any on earth. Not that I despise other races .... There is> in fact, only one that I desFise - the J6.Js, sizo. They are physicaL cQJ)ards . --Joseph Chamberlain The Roots of Nau ~1au (An Introduction) The disruption caused by Mau Mau (i.e. the Kenya Land and Freedom Army) in the early 1950s was the culmination of a tripartite conflict over a single issue--land. The presence of white settlers upon the better agricultu:ral lands had been bolstered by an attitude of racial and economic superiority to the African population. The African populations were the vic tims of the alienation of this land and the increasing influ ence of European immigrants. Finally, the British Colonial Office tried to create a situation conducive to cohabitation by both races. Explicit in the dual policy in Kenya were two doctrines : the paramountcy of African interests and the en couragement of economic development of Kenya . -
European Settlers' Political Struggles in the East Africa Protectorate, 1902-1912
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports 2016 Early Political Discord in Kenya: European Settlers' Political Struggles in the East Africa Protectorate, 1902-1912 Makhete Fall Follow this and additional works at: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd Recommended Citation Fall, Makhete, "Early Political Discord in Kenya: European Settlers' Political Struggles in the East Africa Protectorate, 1902-1912" (2016). Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports. 5569. https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/5569 This Dissertation is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by the The Research Repository @ WVU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Dissertation in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you must obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Dissertation has been accepted for inclusion in WVU Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports collection by an authorized administrator of The Research Repository @ WVU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Early Political Discord in Kenya: European Settlers’ Political Struggles in the East Africa Protectorate, 1902-1912 Makhete Fall Dissertation submitted to the Eberly College of Arts and Social Sciences At West Virginia University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy In History Robert M. Maxon, Ph. D., Chair Joseph M. Hodge, Ph. D. Mark B. Tauger, Ph. D. Tamba M’Bayo, Ph. D. Brent Mc Cusker, Ph. -
Forgotten Battlefields – Canadians in Siberia 1918-1919
HISTORY CWM 19710261-0316 Canadian Outside the Depot – Siberia, Russia, painting by Colonel Louis Keene. FORGOTTEN BATTLEFIELDS – CANADIANS IN SIBERIA 1918-1919 by Ian C.D. Moffat Introduction Alexander Kerensky accelerated the disintegration of the Eastern Front throughout the spring and summer of 1917. nbeknownst to most Canadians, our fighting men Uin the First World War actually saw action in At the same time, the Allies were plagued by failed Russia in 1918, and continued fighting into most of 1919. offensives and stalemates along the Western Front, and in In fact, during the Siberian intervention portion of Italy. The Chemin des Dames offensive, initiated by the this campaign, the British commander was a Canadian, French, with British support, was expected to achieve a Brigadier-General James H. Elmsley. However, the choice breakthrough, but it resulted in only a few hundred yards of of going to Russia was not one that Canadians made gained territory. Although it resulted in the Canadian independently, but, rather, it was a decision made by the Corps emerging victorious and proud with a solid reputation strategic leaders in Britain, France, the United States, for combat excellence on Vimy Ridge, the offensive and Japan. Canada had an operational voice, but had little bogged down to a stalemate after a week, and it eventually strategic influence, until the very end. resulted in the mutiny of the French Army. The 1917 summer assault at Ypres, known as the Battle of Passchendaele, also Background held aspirations for a breakthrough to the Belgian coast. However, this offensive quickly became a ‘slogging match’ he Allies did not decide to intervene in Russia as that ground to a halt in November 1917 after the Canadians Tan independent operation divorced from other captured the village of Passchendaele. -
Forced Labor and Humanitarian Ideology in Kenya, 1911--1925
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports 2002 Forced labor and humanitarian ideology in Kenya, 1911--1925 Opolot James Okia West Virginia University Follow this and additional works at: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd Recommended Citation Okia, Opolot James, "Forced labor and humanitarian ideology in Kenya, 1911--1925" (2002). Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports. 2427. https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/2427 This Dissertation is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by the The Research Repository @ WVU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Dissertation in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you must obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Dissertation has been accepted for inclusion in WVU Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports collection by an authorized administrator of The Research Repository @ WVU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Forced Labor and Humanitarian Ideology in Kenya, 1911-1925 Opolot Okia Dissertation submitted to the: Eberly College of Arts and Sciences at West Virginia University in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History Robert M. Maxon, Ph.D., Chair Steve Zdatny, Ph.D. Amos J. Beyan, Ph.D. Rodger Yeager, Ph.D. Katherine Bankole, Ph.D. Department of History Morgantown, West Virginia 2002 Keywords: Colonial Kenya, Intellectual History, Power and Ideology, Post Colonial Studies, Imperial History Copyright 2002 Opolot Okia ABSTRACT Forced Labor and Humanitarian Ideology in Kenya, 1911-1925 Opolot Okia This dissertation research examines forced labor in colonial Kenya from 1911 to 1925 and the critique of this institution from various humanitarian organizations in Britain and subsequent changes in colonial policy regarding forced labor. -
British Colonial Policy, Somali Identity, and the Gosha ‘Other’ in Jubaland Province, 1895 to 1925
Pushing Marginalization: British Colonial Policy, Somali Identity, and the Gosha ‘Other’ in Jubaland Province, 1895 to 1925 David Ryan Blaha Thesis submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts In History Brett L. Shadle, Chair Beverly A. Bunch-Lyons Matthew Heaton 4 May, 2011 Blacksburg, VA Keywords: Jubaland, British East Africa, Somalia, Somaliland, Goshaland, Juba River, Kismayu, Colonialism, Colonial Policy, Race, Identity, Marginalization, Othering, Slavery, Somali, Gosha, Somali-Bantu, Sir Charles Eliot, Hastings Horne, Darod, Ogaden, and Herti Copyright 2011, David Ryan Blaha Pushing Marginalization: British Colonial Policy, Somali Identity, and the Gosha ‘Other’ in Jubaland Province, 1895 to 1925 David Ryan Blaha ABSTRACT Throughout the 19th century, large numbers of enslaved people were brought from southeastern Africa to work on Somali plantations along the Benadir Coast and Shebelle River. As these southeast Africans were manumitted or escaped bondage, many fled to the west and settled in the heavily forested and fertile Gosha district along the Juba River. Unattached, lacking security, and surrounded by Somalis-speaking groups, these refugees established agricultural communities and were forced to construct new identities. Initially these riverine peoples could easily access clan structures and political institutions of surrounding Somali sub- clans, which in pre-colonial Jubaland were relatively fluid, open, -
Copyright British Foreign Office Russia Correspondence Guide To
%ULWLVK)RUHLJQ2IILFH5XVVLDFRUUHVSRQGHQFHJXLGHWRWKHVFKRODUO\ UHVRXUFHVPLFURILOPHGLWLRQRIWKH3XEOLF5HFRUG2IILFH&ROOHFWLRQ %G>@ :LOPLQJWRQ'HO XUQQEQGHEYEEVE 'LH3')'DWHLNDQQHOHNWURQLVFKGXUFKVXFKWZHUGHQ Copyright Das Copyright für alle Webdokumente, insbesondere für Bil- The Bayerische Staatsbibliothek (BSB) owns the copyright for der, liegt bei der Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek. Eine Folge- all web documents, in particular for all images. Any further use verwertung von Webdokumenten ist nur mit Zustimmung der of the web documents is subject to the approval of the Baye- Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek bzw. des Autors möglich. Exter- rische Staatsbibliothek and/or the author. External links to the ne Links auf die Angebote sind ausdrücklich erwünscht. Eine offer of the BSB are expressly welcome. However, it is illegal unautorisierte Übernahme ganzer Seiten oder ganzer Beiträge to copy whole pages or complete articles or parts of articles oder Beitragsteile ist dagegen nicht zulässig. Für nicht-kom- without prior authorisation. Some individual materials may be merzielle Ausbildungszwecke können einzelne Materialien ko- copied for non-commercial educational purposes, provided that piert werden, solange eindeutig die Urheberschaft der Autoren the authorship of the author(s) or of the Bayerische Staatsbibli- bzw. der Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek kenntlich gemacht wird. othek is indicated unambiguously. Eine Verwertung von urheberrechtlich geschützten Beiträgen Unless provided otherwise by the copyright law, it is illegal and und Abbildungen der auf -
Missions and the Mediation of Modernity in Colonial Kenya
Penn History Review Volume 20 Issue 1 Spring 2013 Article 2 December 2013 Missions and the Mediation of Modernity in Colonial Kenya Christopher Allen University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/phr Recommended Citation Allen, Christopher (2013) "Missions and the Mediation of Modernity in Colonial Kenya," Penn History Review: Vol. 20 : Iss. 1 , Article 2. Available at: https://repository.upenn.edu/phr/vol20/iss1/2 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/phr/vol20/iss1/2 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Missions in Colonial Kenya M+,,+'-, .-* $)# M#*+.$+'- '& M'*#%-+$/ +- C'0'-+.0 K#-/. Christopher Allen “One would scarcely believe it possible that a centre so new VKRXOG EH DEOH WR GHYHORS VR PDQ\ GLYHUJHQW DQG FRQÁLFWLQJ interests… There are already in miniature all the elements of keen political and racial discord… The white man versus the black; … WKHRIÀFLDOFODVVDJDLQVWWKHXQRIÀFLDO«DOOWKHVHGLIIHUHQWSRLQWV of view, naturally arising, honestly adopted, tenaciously held, and not yet reconciled into any harmonious general conception, confront the visitor in perplexing disarray.” – Winston Churchill, My African Journey1 European missionaries played a crucial role in colonial development. Colonial East Africa, throughout its history of settlement and control by the British, from early exploration to the State’s origin as the East Africa Protectorate (1895 until 1920) to its later status as Kenya Colony (1920 until -
Land and Labour in Kenya Under British Colonial Rule from 1888 to 1953
Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research University of Oran Faculty of Letters, Languages and Arts Department of Anglo-Saxon Languages English Section Magister Thesis In African Civilization Land and Labour in Kenya under British Colonial Rule from 1888 to 1953 Presented By: Supervised By: TOUAIBIA Mohammed Zahir Pr. LAHOUEL Badra Board of Examiners : Soutenue le 02 Juillet 2014 - Chairperson Pr. Bouhadiba Zoulikha - Supervisor Pr. Lahouel Badra - Examiner Dr. Moulfi Leila Academic Year 2013/2014 Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research University of Oran Faculty of Letters, Languages and Arts Department of Anglo-Saxon Languages English Section Magister Thesis In African Civilization Land and Labour in Kenya under British Colonial Rule from 1888 to 1953 Presented By: Supervised By: TOUAIBIA Mohammed Zahir Pr. LAHOUEL Badra Board of Examiners : - Chairperson Pr. Bouhadiba Zoulikha - Supervisor Pr. Lahouel Badra - Examiner Dr. Moulfi Leila Academic Year 2013/2014 I owe all my gratitude to my teacher Badra Lahouel for her supervision, precious pieces of advice, and patience during the preparation of this thesis. I would like to thank all my teachers of the doctoral school of English for their fruitful lectures. I thank deeply the members of the jury Pr. Bouhadiba Zoulikha and Dr. Moulfi Leila who had devoted time examining the present work. I CONTENTS Acknowledgment s………………................................................................I -
British Empire Governors (All British-Appointed Governors Throughout the Empire)
British Empire Governors (All British-appointed Governors throughout the Empire) United Kingdom 3 Apr 1603 personal union of Kingdoms of England and Scotland 12 May 1707 United Kingdom of Great Britain 1 Jan 1801 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 12 Apr 1927 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (in official, non-statutory use from 6 Dec 1922) Kings/Queens - Orange dynasty – 23 Feb 1689 - 19 Mar 1702 William III (in Scotland William II)(jointly with following) - Stuart dynasty – 23 Feb 1689 - 7 Jan 1695 Mary II 19 Mar 1702 - 12 Aug 1714 Anne - Hanover dynasty – 12 Aug 1714 - 22 Jun 1727 George I 22 Jun 1727 - 25 Oct 1760 George II 26 Oct 1760 - 29 Jan 1820 George III 29 Jan 1820 - 26 Jun 1830 George IV (5 Feb 1811 - 29 Jan 1820 prince regent for George III) 26 Jun 1830 - 20 Jun 1837 William IV 20 Jun 1837 - 22 Jan 1901 Victoria (Empress of India as of 1 May 1876) - Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (from 17 Jul 1917, Windsor) dynasty – 22 Jan 1901 - 6 May 1910 Edward VII (Emperor of India) 6 May 1910 - 20 Jan 1936 George V (Emperor of India) 20 Jan 1936 - 11 Dec 1936 Edward VIII (Emperor of India) 11 Dec 1936 - 6 Feb 1952 George VI (Emperor of India until 22 June 1948) 6 Feb 1952 - Elizabeth II Aden 16 Jan 1839 British occupation of Aden Sep 1839 subordinated to Bombay 1873 Aden protectorates acquired 1932 Aden a separate province of British India 1 Apr 1937 British colony and protectorates 11 Feb 1959 Federation of Arab Emirates of the South 4 Apr 1962 Federation of South Arabia Governors 1 Apr 1937 - 24 Oct 1940 Sir Bernard -
NAIROBI 1899-1939: HISTOIRE DE LA CREATION DUNE VILLE COLONIALE ET ETUDE DE LA VIE ECONOMIQUE ET SOCIALE DE LA POPULATION BLANCHE Sophie Picon-Loizillon
NAIROBI 1899-1939: HISTOIRE DE LA CREATION DUNE VILLE COLONIALE ET ETUDE DE LA VIE ECONOMIQUE ET SOCIALE DE LA POPULATION BLANCHE Sophie Picon-Loizillon To cite this version: Sophie Picon-Loizillon. NAIROBI 1899-1939: HISTOIRE DE LA CREATION DUNE VILLE COLONIALE ET ETUDE DE LA VIE ECONOMIQUE ET SOCIALE DE LA POPULATION BLANCHE. Histoire. Universit´eParis VII, 1985. Fran¸cais. <tel-01266579> HAL Id: tel-01266579 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01266579 Submitted on 3 Feb 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destin´eeau d´ep^otet `ala diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publi´esou non, lished or not. The documents may come from ´emanant des ´etablissements d'enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche fran¸caisou ´etrangers,des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou priv´es. U N I V E R S I T E P A R I S V I I U.E.R. 1e Gëographie, Histoire et Sciences de la Soclété THESE DE DOCTORAl DE 3me CYCLE EN HISTOIRE CIWDU P. 0. Box 58480, Nairobi - présentée par Sophie PICON-LOIZILLON Nirohi 1899-1939 Histoire de Ia creation dune yule coloniale et étude de la vie économique et sociale de Ia population blanche sous la direction da Madame Catherine CQQUEFY-VIDROVITCH 195 P/c I. P L A N FA Introduction . 1 Premiere partie : La population Europenne du Kenya I. -
The Short History of Indian Doctors in the Colonial Medical Service, British East Africa Anna Greenwood and Harshad Topiwala
CHAPTER FOUR The maintenance of hegemony: the short history of Indian doctors in the Colonial Medical Service, British East Africa Anna Greenwood and Harshad Topiwala It is known that an increasing number of Indian doctors came to reside in the East African Protectorate (Kenya after 1920), following its formal colonisation by the British in 1895. What is less known, however, is that although some of these medical immigrants established themselves as private practitioners, the majority of them – at least in the period before 1923 – joined the Colonial Medical Service. Although these Indian practitioners were not appointed to the same rank as the European Medical Officers (MOs), they nevertheless were medically qualified individuals who had undergone training in Western medicine in India, usually for a minimum of three to five years, depending upon when and where the diploma or certificate was obtained.1 Despite being awarded the less-prestigious rank of Assistant Surgeon, Sub-Assistant Surgeon (SAS) or Hospital Assistant within the Colonial Medical Service, and being paid lower salaries than MOs, these Indians to all intents and purposes fulfilled clinical roles and responsibilities similar to those of their European counterparts. Indeed, ample evidence exists that, before 1923, Indian practitioners were regarded as an invaluable constituent part of the medical infrastructure in the East African Protectorate. At their peak in 1920, there were almost twice as many Indian doctors as European MOs in the Government Medical Department. Furthermore, -
Dissertation Submitted for the Degree of Ph.D
Dissertation submitted for the Degree of Ph.D. in the University of Cambridge STUDIES IN DISTRICT ADMINISTRATION IN THE EAST AFRICA PROTECTORATE (1895-1918) By T.H.R. Cashmore Jesus College, CAMBRIDGE November 1965 ii “Studies in district administration in the East Africa Protectorate 1895-1918.” “Imagine this state of affairs on board a ship……The Master is bigger and burlier than any of the crew, but a little deaf and short-sighted and no less deficient in seamanship. The sailors are quarrelling over the control of the helm; each thinks he ought to steer the vessel, though he has never learnt navigation….what is more they assert that navigation is a thing that cannot be taught at all, and are ready to tear to pieces anyone who says it can. Meanwhile, they besiege the master himself, begging him urgently to trust them with the helm…..” (Adeimantus in Plato’s “Republic”) iii iv Foreword Thanks to Hugh Walker, lately of the Kenya administration, who transcribed the text into an electronic format, the Cambridge African Studies Centre is pleased to be able to offer Dick Cashmore’s PhD. dissertation to a new readership—those without access to the Cambridge University Library. Since 1965 the thesis has there been consulted by barely two dozen scholars. It deserves a wider public. Why? There are four good reasons. Cashmore pulls together instructive conflicts in Kenya’s early colonial history that have not received similar connected treatment since. He also tells us more than other authors about the country’s first colonial rulers, their social origins, their assumptions, their practical rules of survival, their failures.