The Energy Sector and Energy Policy of the Czech Republic
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The Energy Sector and Energy Policy of the Czech Republic TOMÁŠ VLČEK – FILIP ČERNOCH THE ENERGY SECTOR AND ENERGY POLICY OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC Tomáš Vlček – Filip Černoch Masaryk University Brno 2013 INVESTMENTS IN EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT The text was prepared with European Social Fund (ESF) support within the project of The Education for Competitiveness Operational Programme (ECOP) under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the CR (MEYS) “Innovation of lecturing at FSS – the Department of International Relations and European Studies” (CZ 1.07/2.2.00/15.0221). The text was prepared within the specifi c research project of the Department of International Relations and European Studies “Current Issues of European and International Politics” (MUNI/A/0754/2012). Scientifi c Board of Masaryk University: prof. PhDr. Ladislav Rabušic, CSc. prof. RNDr. Zuzana Došlá, DSc. Ing. Radmila Droběnová, Ph.D. Mgr. Michaela Hanousková doc. PhDr. Jana Chamonikolasová, Ph.D. doc. JUDr. Josef Kotásek, Ph.D. Mgr. et Mgr. Oldřich Krpec, Ph.D. prof. PhDr. Petr Macek, CSc. PhDr. Alena Mizerová doc. Ing. Petr Pirožek, Ph.D. doc. RNDr. Lubomír Popelínský, Ph.D. Mgr. David Povolný Mgr. Kateřina Sedláčková, Ph.D. prof. MUDr. Anna Vašků, CSc. prof. PhDr. Marie Vítková, CSc. Mgr. Iva Zlatušková doc. Mgr. Martin Zvonař, Ph.D. Pre-publication review: Doc. Ing. Václav Dostál, Sc.D. © 2013 Tomáš Vlček, Filip Černoch © 2013 Masarykova univerzita ISBN 978-80-210-6523-9 DOI: 10.5817/CZ.MUNI.M210-6523-2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS 5 Table of Contents Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................................................. 5 List of Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................................................ 9 List of Tables ..........................................................................................................................................................................13 The Ownership Structure of the Most Important Entities of the Czech Energy Sector .............................15 Abstract ...................................................................................................................................................................................19 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................................................................21 Chapter 1: Actors in, and the Legislative Framework of, the Czech Energy Sector .....................................25 1.1 State Institutions...........................................................................................................................................................25 1.1.1 The Prime Minister ............................................................................................................................................25 1.1.2 The Ministry of Industry and Trade .............................................................................................................26 1.1.3 The Ministry of the Environment .................................................................................................................27 1.1.4 Monitoring Bodies and Other Institutions ...............................................................................................29 1.2 The Legislative Framework of the Energy and Raw Materials Policy of the Czech Republic ............30 1.2.1 2000 State Energy Concept ............................................................................................................................31 1.2.2 Strategic Documents in the New Millennium .........................................................................................33 1.2.3 The Most Recent Developments Concerning the Strategic Documents .......................................36 1.2.4 Conclusion ...........................................................................................................................................................37 Chapter 2: The History of the Czech Energy Sector ................................................................................................39 2.1 The Thee Periods of Development from 1989 to Today .................................................................................39 2.2 The Phase of Restructuring .......................................................................................................................................40 2.3 The Phase of Privatisation .........................................................................................................................................42 2.3.1 Unipetrol ...............................................................................................................................................................42 2.3.2 CEZ ..........................................................................................................................................................................43 2.3.3 Transgas ................................................................................................................................................................45 2.3.4 Privatization of the Coal Sector ....................................................................................................................45 2.3.5 Issues Related to Admission to the EU – Liberalization of the Energy Sector .............................49 2.3.6 Temelin ..................................................................................................................................................................53 2.4 The Third Phase of Development – EU Membership Through to the Present ........................................60 Chapter 3: The Coal Sector ...............................................................................................................................................65 3.1 Introduction to the Coal Industry ...........................................................................................................................65 3.2 Deposits, Mine Production, Companies and Traders ......................................................................................66 3.2.1 Lignite ....................................................................................................................................................................66 3.2.2 Brown Coal ...........................................................................................................................................................67 3.2.3 Bituminous Coal .................................................................................................................................................69 3.2.4 Exploitation of Coal and Trading ..................................................................................................................71 3.3 The Regulatory Framework of the Coal Industry ..............................................................................................72 3.4 Demand Forecast .........................................................................................................................................................74 3.5 The Heat Supply Industry ..........................................................................................................................................75 3.6 The Issue of Extraction Limits...................................................................................................................................81 3.6 Coal War ...........................................................................................................................................................................84 6 THE ENERGY SECTOR AND ENERGY POLICY OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC Chapter 4: The Oil Sector ..................................................................................................................................................89 4.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................................89 4.2 Deposits, Production, Companies and Traders ..................................................................................................90 4.2.1 Deposits and the Production of Oil in the Czech Republic ................................................................90 4.2.2 International Carrier Oil ...................................................................................................................................91 4.2.3 Processing Plants ...............................................................................................................................................92 4.2.4 Distributors ..........................................................................................................................................................93 4.2.5 Traders in Oil Products .....................................................................................................................................94 4.2.6 Use of Oil ...............................................................................................................................................................94 4.3 The Regulatory Framework of the Oil Industry .................................................................................................96