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Modern Political Party Management - What Can Be Learned from International Practices?

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Modern Political Party Management - What Can Be Learned from International Practices? Modern Political Party Management - What Can Be Learned from International Practices? Catrina Schläger and Judith Christ (Eds.) Foreword Impressum How do political parties react to social changes? What are the advantages and challenges for parties with regard to new and social media? How and to what extent can party members be included in intra- Modern Political Party Management - What Can Be Learned from International Practices? party decision-making? In what way do parties deal with internal conflicts? How can corruption be Editors: Catrina Schläger and Judith Christ dealt with and prevented within a party? These and many other questions arise in relation to political Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, Shanghai Coordination Office for International Cooperation party management, the overall organizational aspect of political parties. Nowadays, political parties are part of different political, economic and social systems and accordingly face different challenges, but when it comes to their management, they all have one thing in common: management is closely connected with the perception of the political system they are part of. Forms of mismanagement and the abuse of power within political parties have a strong negative impact on citizens’ consent towards the political system they live in and on the legitimacy of the political party itself. Consequently, it is a serious task for all parties to continuously improve their party management, to adapt it to the latest changes and challenges within the societies they represent and to search for institutionalized forms of party management that guarantee good governance. In the case of China, the Communist Party (CPC) is facing various challenges when it comes to party management. They include the questions of how to prevent and control corruption and lavish expenditure within the party and how to represent the interests of the majority of the people and include new social strata, as the CPC is no longer the revolutionary party it used to be but has transformed into a mass ruling party over the years. In order to identify better and worse practices in party management and further promote research and Modern Political Party Management - What Can Be Learned from International Practices? discussion on this topic the Shanghai Administration Institute and Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (Shanghai ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Office) jointly organized an international symposium on 24–25 September 2013. Under the title »Modern Political Party Management – Chinese and International Practices«, scholars from nine Editors: Catrina Schläger and Judith Christ different countries presented their findings on a wide range of parties, including social-democratic, Cover Design: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung conservative, communist and liberal parties. Other than that, the presented parties were chosen Published by: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung regarding their significance for the national policy making process not necessarily because they serve as Shanghai Coordination Office for International Cooperation a shining example. 7A Da An Plaza East Tower, 829 Yan An Zhong Road Shanghai Apart from scholars from international universities and research institutes, experts from Chinese party Tel: +86-21-6247-2529 Zip Code: 200040 and state organs attended the conference, which marked the vivid interest in and timeliness of this http://www.fes-china.org topic in China. Due to this interest and the excellent quality of contributions to the debate, SAI and FES Publishing Date: March 2014 decided to publish the contributions in two volumes, one in Chinese, the other in English. All chapters are also published as part of the broader Chinese volume „Research on Chinese and International Party ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Management – a Comparative Approach“, which will be published by China Social Science Publishing © All rights reserved by Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung Shanghai Office. House at the beginning of 2014. Commercial use of all media published by the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) is not permitted without the written consent of the FES. The Shanghai Administration Institute and the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung would like to thank all authors The views expressed in this publication are not necessarily those of the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung. and translators involved in this publication for their excellent work. I We hope this publication will be a valuable contribution to comparative research on international party Content management. Foreword.....................................................................................................................................I Catrina Schläger and Wang Guoping Shanghai, December 2013 Country Studies Catrina Schläger Prof. Wang Guoping I. Experiences in Party Management of Political Parties: Resident Director, Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung Executive Vice President, The French Socialist Party ............................................................................................................1 Office for International Cooperation, Shanghai Shanghai Administration Institute Laurent Bouvet II. The African National Congress of South Africa: Experiences of Party Management...............................................................................................8 Anthony Butler III. The Management and Structure of the People’s Action Party of Singapore..................................19 Terence Chong IV. Congress Party: Ideology, Organization and Finance...................................................................30 Zoya Hasan V. The Democratic Party of the United States: Formal Rules; Influence Determined by Context..........................................................................42 L. Sandy Maisel VI. Experiences in Party Management of Political Parties: The »United Russia« Party..........................................................................................................52 Boris Makarenko VII. Experiences in Party Management of Political Parties: The Case of the Social Democratic Party of Germany...................................................................68 Gero Neugebauer VIII. Intra-Party Management of Japan’s LDP....................................................................................80 Jeyong Sohn IX. The Communist Party of China since the Initiation of Reform and Opening Up: Continuation and Transformation..............................................................................................91 Zhou Jianyong About the Authors...................................................................................................................105 II III Experiences in Party Management of Political Parties: The French Socialist Party I Experiences in Party Management of Political Parties: The French Socialist Party Laurent Bouvet 1. Introduction 2. General Characteristics of the Party The French Socialist Party (PS, Parti socialiste) First, the PS is a social democratic party has been in office for more than a year now, (according to the general European meaning of since the election to the French presidency of its this expression): it has a reformist platform and candidate, François Hollande, and the following policy agenda, a deep attachment to the EU, victory at the National Assembly election. When together with a democratic and liberal approach this victory occurred, in May–June 2012, the PS to institutions. Be that as it may, it still relies on a had been out of office for exactly 10 years. far more leftist discourse than its other European counterparts, because of its specific history – the But this paper is not about the PS in office, long standing revolutionary past of the French but about the PS as an organisation and the left – and its difficult relationship with Marxism, challenges it encounters. and because of the breadth of its political composition, itself a result of history. After a short overview of the general char- acteristics of the party (1), and a brief description The PS is a truly pluralistic party. Thus my of its central organisation (governance bodies) (2), presentation will first focus on this aspect by we will focus on intra-party democracy and the underlining its internal organisation and decision- decision-making process inside the party (3). making processes. 1 Modern Political Party Management Experiences in Party Management of Political Parties: - What Can Be Learned from International Practices? The French Socialist Party Second, the PS is a catch-all party with a strong supporters are clear signs of such an evolution. 2012) could only be the result of a paradox, if not was formally elected by all the party members public sector base (especially among teachers). a misunderstanding: »talking left« to convene in a vote in which the leaders of the different Higher educated and upper-middle classes are One could add that the collective choice of the the core electorate on »traditional« social factions could be candidates). overrepresented among both the party members party to maintain strict control of its support values; saying little, but showing a pragmatic and its core electorate (around 20 per cent of and not to address either its ‘doctrine’ or its understanding of the challenges involved in (iv) »Secrétariat national«, the party executive voters since the 1980s). Its core constituencies wider
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