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Stage 2 Archaeological Assessment Report Stage 1 and 2 Archaeological Assessment Whittington Wind Project (FIT F-000668-WIN-130-601) Part of Lots 17–19, Concession 1 and Part of Lot 19, Concession 2 Township of Amaranth Dufferin County, Ontario Prepared for wpd Canada Corporation 2233 Argentia Road, Unit 102 Mississauga, ON L5N 2X7 Tel: (905) 813-8400 Fax: (905) 813-7487 & Stantec Consulting Ltd. & The Ontario Ministry of Tourism and Culture By Archaeological Research Associates Ltd. 97 Gatewood Road Kitchener, ON N2M 4E3 Tel: (519) 744-4310 Fax: (519) 954-4797 Reviewed by P.J. Racher, M.A., CAHP MTC License #P007 Project #P007-304 and #P007-315 PIF #P007-304-2011 and #P007-315-2011 May 2011 Stage 1 and 2 Archaeological Assessment, Whittington Wind Project (FIT F-000668-WIN-130-601) i _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ TABLE OF CONTENTS Personnel iii Executive Summary iv Acknowledgements iv 1.0 Introduction 1 2.0 Location 1 3.0 Natural Environment 4 4.0 Historic Land Use Summary 5 4.1 Pre-Contact 5 4.1.1 Palaeo-Indian Period 5 4.1.2 Archaic Period 6 4.1.3 Early and Middle Woodland Periods 7 4.1.4 Late Woodland Period 9 4.2 Early Contact 11 4.2.1 European Explorers 11 4.2.2 Trading Contacts and Conflict 12 4.2.3 Five Nations Invasion 13 4.3 The Euro-Canadian Era 15 4.3.1 Anishinabeg Influx 15 4.3.2 European and Aboriginal Relations 16 4.3.3 British Colonialism 17 4.3.4 Dufferin County 19 4.3.5 The Township of Amaranth 23 4.3.6 The Study Area – Lots 17–19, Concession 1 and Lot 19, Concession 2 25 5.0 Previous Archaeological Research 27 6.0 Archaeological Potential 28 7.0 Property Survey Methods 29 8.0 Results 40 8.1 Findspot 1 (BaHb-16) 41 8.1.1 Summary 41 8.1.2 Artifact Discussion 42 8.1.3 Evaluation 44 9.0 Recommendations 46 10.0 Advice on Compliance with Legislation 47 11.0 References 48 List of Figures Figure 1: Location of the Study Area in the Province of Ontario 2 Figure 2: Location of the Study Area in the Township of Amaranth 2 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ May 2011 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd. PIF #P007-304-2011 and #P007-315-2011 Stage 1 and 2 Archaeological Assessment, Whittington Wind Project (FIT F-000668-WIN-130-601) ii _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Figure 3: Key Plan of the Project Lands, Showing All Areas of Archaeological Assessment 3 Figure 4: Map of Middle Woodland Period Complexes 7 Figure 5: Princess Point Site Clusters in Southern Ontario 8 Figure 6: Pre-Contact Iroquoian Site Clusters 11 Figure 7: Detail from S. de Champlain’s Carte de la Nouvelle France (1632) 12 Figure 8: Detail of N. Sanson's Le Canada, ou Nouvelle France (1656) 13 Figure 9: Detail from the Map of Galinée’s Voyage (1670) 14 Figure 10: Detail of H. Popple’s A Map of the British Empire in America (1733) 16 Figure 11: Detail of Sayer and Bennett’s General Map of the Middle British Colonies in America (1776) 18 Figure 12: Detail of D.W. Smyth’s A Map of the Province of Upper Canada (1800) 19 Figure 13: Detail from J. Purdy’s A Map of Cabotia (1814) 20 Figure 14: Detail from J. Arrowsmith’s Upper Canada (1837) 20 Figure 15: Detail from J. Calvin Smith’s Ontario, Canada (1852) 21 Figure 16: Detail from G.W. Colton’s Canada West (1856) 22 Figure 17: Map of the County of Dufferin (ca. 1940) 23 Figure 18: Detail from the County of Dufferin (1885) 24 Figure 19: Detail from Leslie & Wheelock’s Map of Wellington County (1861), Showing Stantec’s Stage 1 Study Area and ARA’s Stage 1 and 2 Study Area 26 Figure 20: Detail from Walker & Miles’s Historical Atlas of Wellington County (1877), Showing Stantec’s Stage 1 Study Area and ARA’s Stage 1 and 2 Study Area 27 Figure 21: Stage 2 Study Area in Detail, Showing Property Survey Methods and Results 38 Figure 22: Stage 2 Inset View in Detail, Showing Property Survey Methods and Results 39 List of Plates Plate 1: View of Soil Conditions along Access Road to Turbine r3 Laydown Area 31 Plate 2: View of Soil Conditions within Turbine r1 Laydown Area 32 Plate 3: View of Crewmembers Conducting Pedestrian Survey at 5 m Intervals within Turbine r2 Laydown Area and Temporary Crane Laydown Area 32 Plate 4: View of Crewmembers Conducting Pedestrian Survey at 5 m Intervals along Turbine r1 Access Road 33 Plate 5: View of Crewmembers Conducting Pedestrian Survey at 5 m Intervals within the Switching Station Area 33 Plate 6: View of Crewmembers Conducting Pedestrian Survey at 1 m Intervals around Archaeological Materials (Findspot 1) 34 Plate 7: View of Crewmembers Collecting all Diagnostic and a Sample of Non-Diagnostic Artifacts for Analysis (Findspot 1) 34 Plate 8: View of Crewmembers Test Pitting at 5 m Intervals along Turbine r3 Access Road 35 Plate 9: View of Crewmembers Test Pitting at 5 m Intervals along Underground Collector System between Turbine r3 and Turbine r1 Laydown Areas 35 Plate 10: View of Crewmembers Test Pitting at 5 m Intervals along Turbine r1 Access _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ May 2011 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd. PIF #P007-304-2011 and #P007-315-2011 Stage 1 and 2 Archaeological Assessment, Whittington Wind Project (FIT F-000668-WIN-130-601) iii _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Road 36 Plate 11: View of Typical Test Pit Excavated into Subsoil along Turbine r3 Access Road 36 Plate 12: View of Typical Test Pit Excavated into Subsoil along Underground Collector System between Turbine r3 and Turbine r1 Laydown Areas 37 Plate 13: View of Crewmember Screening through 6 mm Mesh along Turbine r3 Access Road 37 Plate 14: View of Disturbed Area along Turbine r1 Access Road 40 Plate 15: View of Disturbed Area along Turbine r1 Access Road (left) and Crewmember Test Pitting at 5 m Intervals in Undisturbed Lands (right) 41 Plate 16: Samples of Artifacts from Findspot 1 43 Plate 17: View of Clearing where Euro-Canadian Structure Once Stood 45 Plate 18: View of Well and Hand Pump 45 Plate 19: View of Sheds Adjacent to Access Road to R3 46 List of Tables Table 1: Analysis of Artifacts Recovered from Findspot 1 42 List of Appendices Appendix A: Project Mapping for the Proposed Whittington Wind Project 54 Appendix B: Artifact List – Findspot 1 (BaHb-16) 55 Personnel Project Director: P.J. Racher, M.A., CAHP (MTC Licence #P007) Project Manager: C.E. Gohm (MTC Licence #R187) Field Director: H.T. Brown (MTC Licence #R217) Additional Crewmembers: V. Cafik, L. Cavers, J. Landry, M. Nichols, M. Triggs Photography: H.T. Brown Background Research: C.J. Gohm, M.A. Graphics: C.J. Gohm, P. Hoskins, M.A. Report Preparation: C.J. Gohm Technical Review: C.J. Gohm Licensee Revision: P.J. Racher _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ May 2011 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd. PIF #P007-304-2011 and #P007-315-2011 Stage 1 and 2 Archaeological Assessment, Whittington Wind Project (FIT F-000668-WIN-130-601) iv _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Executive Summary In May 2011, Archaeological Research Associates Ltd. carried out a Stage 1 and 2 archaeological assessment of lands with the potential to be impacted by the proposed Whittington Wind Project (FIT F-000668-WIN-130-601) in the Township of Amaranth, Dufferin County, Ontario. The work was carried out under Ministry of Tourism and Culture licence #P007, PIF #P007-315-2011 (Stage 1) and #P007-304-2011 (Stage 2), and was completed under contract to wpd Canada Corporation in advance of a Renewable Energy Approval (REA) application. The majority of the project lands were previously subjected to a Stage 1 archaeological assessment by Stantec Consulting Ltd in June 2010. This assessment, carried out under Ministry of Tourism and Culture licence #P002, PIF #P002-203-2010, determined that the entire study area had some measure of archaeological potential. This assessment did not include lands in the vicinity of the proposed switching station and the associated underground collector system, however, as at that time the project’s infrastructure had not been finalized. Archaeological Research Associates Ltd. conducted a Stage 1 archaeological assessment on these un-assessed lands in May 2011 under Ministry of Tourism and Culture licence #P007, PIF #P007-315-2011, and determined that the area had clear potential for Pre-Contact and Euro-Canadian archaeological materials. The Stage 2 component of the assessment was carried out under Ministry of Tourism and Culture licence #P007, PIF #P007-304-2011, and included all lands with the potential to be directly impacted by the project. Legal permission to enter and conduct all necessary fieldwork activities on project lands was granted by the property owners. The property survey, completed under optimal conditions, resulted in the identification of one Euro-Canadian artifact scatter (Whittington 1; BaHb-16). This scatter consisted of 55 artifacts dating between the mid-19th and late 20th century, and was clearly associated with a former homestead to the north (outside of the study area). Since Findspot 1 was merely a peripheral component of another archaeological site, and since it lacked any notable materials with cultural heritage value or interest, it was not recommended for Stage 3 archaeological assessment. Based on these findings, Archaeological Research Associates Ltd. feels that no further archaeological study of the subject lands would be productive. It is recommended that the Whittington Wind Project be released from further archaeological concerns. A Letter of Review and Acceptance into the Provincial Register of Reports is requested, as provided for in Section 65.1 of the Ontario Heritage Act.
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