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Learning Style and Students' Perception of Satisfaction on Web Learning Style and Students’ Perception of Satisfaction on Web-based Learning Environment at Arabian Gulf University- Kingdom of Bahrain Jefferson Gante Sanidad, MCP, DBM1, Bernard Gante Sanidad, MIT2, Sheryl Gante Sanidad3 1 Computer Engineering Department, Gokongwei College of Engineering, De La Salle University- Manila, Philippines 2 (Doctor in Information Technology Candidate) AMA Computer University,Quezon City Philippines 3 (Master of Arts in Education Candidate) Manuel Luis Quezon Elementary School, Quezon City Philippines Abstract— Many educators and the public are is a need for additional research for the effectiveness of web- interested in online distance education, particularly web-based based instruction. , ﻣﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﺮﯾﻦ :schooling. The underlying assumption is that this is a new and The Kingdom of Bahrain (in Arabic developing alternative modality of delivering distance education Mamlakat al-Bah-rayn, literally Kingdom of the Two Seas) is to accommodate various students who cannot attend the an island country in the Persian Gulf. Saudi Arabia lies to the traditional method of learning where physical interaction is west and is connected to Bahrain by the King Fahd Causeway required. (officially opened on November 25, 1986). Qatar is to the This study focused on the overarching question: “What south across the Gulf of Bahrain. The planned Qatar–Bahrain are the associations between learning styles and students’ perceptions of satisfaction among students enrolled in web-based Friendship Bridge will link Bahrain to Qatar as the longest learning environments?” To address this question, the researcher fixed link in the world. explored the associations between learning styles and students’ Bahrain has a total area of 665 km² (266 mi²), which perceptions of satisfaction in Arabian Gulf University- Kingdom is slightly larger than the Isle of Man, though it is smaller than of Bahrain. the nearby King Fahd International Airport near Dammam, Saudi Arabia (780 km² or 301 mi²). As an archipelago of Keywords— Distance Learning, Electronic Learning, Learning thirty-three islands, Bahrain does not share a land boundary Style, Supervised Learning, Web-based Learning with another country but does have a 161-kilometre (100 mi) coastline and claims a further twelve nautical miles (22 km) of I. INTRODUCTION territorial sea and a twenty-four nautical mile (44 km) The effectiveness of distance learning versus traditional contiguous zone. Bahrain's largest islands are Bahrain Island, classroom-based learning has been debated since the first Muharraq, Umm an Nasan, and Sitrah. Bahrain has mild generation of distance learning. As the use of technology to winters and very hot, humid summers. facilitate and deliver distance learning courses has increased, At the beginning of the twentieth century, Quranic new challenges have emerged for the administration, faculty, schools (Kuttab) were the only form of education in Bahrain. staff and students of post-secondary institutions developing They were traditional schools aimed at teaching children and and implementing distance learning programs (Drazdowski, youth the reading of the Qur'an. After the First World War, Holodick, & Scappaticci, 1998; Fulford & Zhang, 1993). Bahrain became open to western influences and a demand for Many professors fear distance learning is a means wherein modern educational institutions appeared. administrators can justify the reduction of faculty positions to The year 1919 marked the beginning of modern solve budget shortfalls. According to Novek (1996), many public school system in Bahrain when Al-Hidaya Al-Khalifia critics of distance learning fear the dehumanization and School for boys was opened in Muharraq. In 1926, the alienation of students as well as loss of critical thinking and Education Committee opened the second public school for social skills. Farrington (1999) posits that he does not accept boys in Manama and in 1928 the first public school for girls that distant learning can be the equivalent of the face-to-face was opened in Muharraq. instruction. On the other hand, many other researchers have In 2004 King Hamad bin Isa Al-Khalifa introduced a reported no significant difference between traditional project that uses information communication technology (ICT) classroom instruction and web-based instruction and that to support K–12 education in Bahrain. This project is named students feel closer to their faculty and peer students in web- King Hamad Schools of the Future. The objective of this based courses (Navarro & Shoemaker, 1999; Wade, 1999). project is to connect and link all schools within the kingdom Bloom and Hough (2003) postulate that a number of studies with the internet. have indicated that web-based instruction decreases student In addition to British intermediate schools, the island learning levels. Even if there are no differences between is served by the Bahrain School (BS). The BS is a United distance learning and traditional learning environments, there States Department of Defense school that provides a K-12 curriculum including International Baccalaureate offerings. Bahrain has been at the vanguard of educational Arab Open University progress within the region, establishing the Gulf’s first public Royal University for Women education system in 1919 and giving its female population Arabian Gulf University equal access to the Kingdom’s educational resources. Schooling is free and compulsory for all Bahrainis The study will focus on the institution offering web- and the Kingdom boasts an 87% adult literacy rate - among based learning in the Kingdom of Bahrain namely: Arabian the highest in the region with almost 11% of all government Gulf University- Kingdom of Bahrain. expenditure directed towards education. Education spending accounted for 10.8% of all II. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY government spending in 2006. Recent government reforms have included a teacher training program, a new polytechnic The first block represents the independent variable or college, improvement of the upper-secondary vocational the input. It serves as stimulus variable used to determine the program and a quality assurance initiative which will raise relationship to an observed phenomenon. Here, all the data are accreditation standards and inspections for the education gathered in preparation for the intervening variable. The system and rank the performance of the system through independent variable in the study is the analysis and regular national exams. The said reforms have been put in evaluation of the existing system. The second block place to avoid a skills crunch further down the line. Over the represents the intervening variable where all the data are next decade an additional 100,000 Bahrainis are expected to analyzed, evaluated and processed. The third block represents enter the job market. the dependent variable , which is the study itself “Learning A new Quality Assurance Authority for Education Style and Students’ Perception on Web-based Learning and Training (QAA) was launched in February 2009. The Environments at Arabian Gulf University- Kingdom of QAA will review and assess schools, universities and training Bahrain”. Overall outcome of the study are the evaluation that institutes, as well as conduct national exams. The body will the university can get out of the study and most importantly raise Educational standards within Bahrain. the implications to the Philippine universities’ web-based The QAA operates four monitoring units: learning environment. - Schools Review Unit - Vocational Review Unit The study aimed to determine the “Learning Style - Higher Education Review Unit and Students’ Perception of Satisfaction on Web-based - National Examinations Unit Learning Environments at the Arabian Gulf University- Higher Education Kingdom of Bahrain”. Specifically, it sought to answer the following As the platform for developing professional questions: capacities and improving the career choices of Bahrainis, 1. What is the demographic profile of the following higher education takes the lead in providing cutting-edge respondents in terms of: skills necessary to thrive in an increasing global competitive a. gender environment. There are a vast number of specialist colleges b. age offering courses in subjects such as finance, medicine, and IT. c. number of web-based courses taken University of Bahrain d. number of hours dedicated to the web- Bahrain Institute of Banking and Finance based courses weekly DePaul University 2. What are the learning styles of the student- New York Institute of Technology respondents? RCSI-Medical University of Bahrain Figure I. Paradigm of the Study 3. What is the level of satisfaction on the web- web-based courses at the Arabian Gulf University – Kingdom based learning environment as perceived by the of Bahrain. The second analysis was on the computed values student-respondents? of variables related to the individual learning styles of the 4. Is there a significant relationship between participants. The third analysis was an analysis of the learning styles and the perceptions of computed values of variables related to students’ perceptions satisfaction with computers among students of satisfaction in web-based courses. The final analysis used enrolled in web-based courses? the Chi-square test of independence to test the association 5. Is there a significant relationship between between learning styles and students’ perceptions of learning styles and the perceptions of satisfaction in web-based courses.
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