TRANSACTIONS ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY allows production of large number of from small pieces of plant of pieces small from plants of number large of production allows (Purwantoro factor natural as well as pests approximately Moreover, (Jayasuriya find to makedifficulttwothus meters and itrare height reacha to of years dormancy seed of rates high to due plants threatened al., HL60 leukemia promyelocytic human towards cytotoxicity showed fruit whole contribute parts several in presence are flavonoid (Ado activities inhibitory glucosidase reporte ( salad asfruit beconsumed can roughandsurface wrinkled a brown,with to yellow greenish pod, family Mal(Peninsular Katak Puru (Sabah)Buah and the to belongs plant medicinal INTRODUCTION Scie on Transactions © Received e to beneficial be KEYWORDS: will medium culture the to charcoal activated accumulation. of study. this addition throughout culture the the on observed Therefore, severely was phenomenon Browning explant. per shoots 3.00±1.00 inducingregenerationshootstudy, by while tips shootundergo of end the until stages calli at remain explant Stem TDZ. 5μM containing medium on culture of weeks 6 of after induction weeks two after induction callus to 100% and μM containingmedium10 on culture responded explant Stem capacity. regeneration for (TDZ) Thidiazuron 1.7±1.5 and explant per ei buds after shoot 8.8±2.0 of average an produced and 100% to up achieved germination Embryo of seed matured from embryo ABSTRACT: Unde Induction vitro In Tech and Science on Transactions ulam 2012) Despite of its richness in bioa in richness its of Despite cauliflora ), pickles, or used as a condiment based ponded chili (Burkill, 1966; Lim, 2012). The was leaf The 2012). Lim, 1966; (Burkill, chili ponded based condiment a as used or pickles, ),

5

l rc wt booia atvte sc a atcoietrs, niyoiae ad α and antityrosinase, anticholinesterase, as such activities biological with rich dly April 2016 April

d rutilized Medicinal Plant rutilized Medicinal Cynometracauliflora

ght weeks. Stem and shoot tips explants from in vitro plantlets were further treated with 5, 10 and 15µM and 10 5, with treated further were plantlets vitro in from explants tips shoot and Stem weeks. ght Callus; Embryo explants;Micropropagation; Nam the for antioxidant potential of the plant (Aziz & Iqbal, 2013). Meanwhile, extract of the of extract Meanwhile, 2013). Iqbal, & (Aziz plant the of potential antioxidant for

Revised nce and Technology 2016 Technology and nce less than than less plants producing abundant flowers but the fruit fruit the but flowers abundant producing plants

20 June 20

nology Embryo Germination and Callus Callus and Germination Embryo Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malay Universiti Resources, Natural and ofScience Faculty

2016

7%. This may be influenced by several factors such as pollination vectors,pollinationas such factors several by influencedbe may This 7%. Vol. Vol. . r omny nw a ‘Nam as known commonly or L. C. cauliflora C. Marbawi Marbawi of of 3 Accepted

, No. 3, No. , or known as ‘Nam as known or et al. et

476

ctivities, 21 callus12.11±0.54%toonly recorded explanttip Meanwhile, shoot TDZ.15μM ,

2016 -

48 June was cultured on the Murashige & Skoog medium containing 0.5 μM BAP. BAP. μM 0.5 containing medium Skoog & Murashige the on cultured was *Corresponding author *Corresponding yoer cauliflora Cynometra Nur Nur Shaheera Baharudin 2 , 201 , .

Transactions on Science and Technology. and Science on Transactions

t al et 2016 i 6 ncluding young leaf, matured lea matured leaf, young ncluding

Hartinie Marbawi Inpress C. cauliflora C. 21) Pyohmcl sc a tni, aois and saponins tannin, as such Phytochemicals 2015). . - et al et Nam’ is an underutilizedmedicinalan Mala Nam’ plantis of aysia) (Lim, 2012). The fruit which are kidneyare which fruit aysia)The 2012). (Lim,

., 2010). 2010). ., 17 October

.

. Email: Email:

up to 54.45±9.27% shoots productionto54.45±9.27%shoots up withofaverage an - te vraua nms r Katong are names vernacular Other nam; Plant growth regulator .

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20 December 2016 December 20 * in vitro in

, Siti Nadhirah Sidi Ahmad, 3 ( 3 Jalan Jalan ), ), 476 ; , Tel: +6088 Tel:

UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, MALAYSIA. Sabah, Kinabalu, 88400, Kota UMS, - Jualang Azlan Gansau 483

propagation technique thattechnique propagation

development stock stock - f, stem and bark and stem f,

320000 ext ext 320000 in relatively short relatively in – Cells (Tajudin Cells 5686; Fax: +6088 Fax: 5686; iiae phenolics liminate ysia. In this study, In ysia. ,

et alet a only was - ., 2012).., Katong - which shape - a 435324. n et -

TRANSACTIONS ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY or shootor numinduction, regeneration capacity was TDZ on 15 and 5,10 with fortified of Effect TDZon shoot regeneration andfrom stem shoot explants tip shoot as o well as root and length. effect leaf of thenumber bud, shoot initiation, of number culture germination, of percentage of the recording weeks 8 After control. as served Embryo halves into cut were of onEffect BAP embryo germination culture 0.8% of addition to 121 prior at autoclaved HCl then and N agar 1 (w/v) or NaOH N 1 using 5.8 to adjusted was media experiments. all different of pH in The regulators growth plant different with fortified was Medium sucrose. Culture to theprior experiment. r finally and water second 90 for ethanol industrial (v/v) 70% in with added Clorox (v/v) 99.9% 1a). (Figure Plant METHODOLOGY explant of ef the and study for reported been has protocol micropropagation no glabra as such species Fabaceae other in established r instrumental an playing cytokinin (Hills Schaler,2013). shoot organogenesis Protocol & for with culture, tissue in regeneration are cytokinin plant and for auxin critical hormones plant The species. plant particular of potential regeneration plant as such factors (Akin time of periods S (Murashige MS of fruit The weeks 10 from excised tip shoot and Stem removed was flesh fruit The Materiala

. The sterilized fruit was transferred to a glass petri dish and dried on sterile tissue paper tissue sterile on dried and dish petri glass a to transferred was fruit sterilized The . (He are

roomand wereexposed to h 24 providedlight by cool fluorescent Medium

was cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 medium supplementedwith MS cultured on was

fect of Thidiazuron (TDZ) on shoot regeneration capacity of of capacity regeneration shoot on (TDZ)Thidiazuron of fect to determine the effect of 6 of effect the determine to C. cauliflora et al et They were cleaned in running tap water and then surface sterilized by immersed in immersed by sterilized surface then and water tap running in cleaned were They ., 2015) and and 2015) ., ndExplant Preparation

a ndCondition . cauliflora C.

and embryos were isolated by longitudinal excision of the seed (Figure 1b (Figure seed the excisionof longitudinal by isolated were embryosand & . -

Idowu Idowu

rwh euaos n slcin f xln pa a iprat oe in role important an play explant of selection and regulators growth

bershootof ko, 92 ws sd s aa mdu supplem medium basal as used was 1962) Skoog,

Marbawi Marbawi µM TDZ and hormone and TDZ µM Acaciella angustissima Acaciella

ee olce from collected were et al., et et al. et two drops of Tween 20 Tween of drops two

, 2016. ,2016. under sterile conditions using fine forceps and scalpel and forceps fine using conditions sterile under determined by recording percentage of explantresponse,by percentagedetermined recording callus of

ISSN 2289 ISSN 2009) may 2009) afterweeks8 on culture initiation.

- Transacti benzylaminopurine (BAP) on (BAP) benzylaminopurine ◦ C for 15 for C - 8786. 8786. ons on Science and Technology and Science onson - http://transectscience.org/ old old useful to overcome this problem. Manipulation of Manipulation problem. this overcome to useful

ltra ternata Clitoria (Herrada

- min. All cultures were incubated at 24 at incubated were cultures All min. free medium served as control. The ascontrol. medium served free in vi in P Bt Mengkebang, Batu RPT C. cauliflora C. for 10 minutes. The fruit were then soak then were fruit The minutes. 10 for tro in vitroin

et al et plantlets were cultured on MS medium MS on cultured were plantlets ne tre ie i seie distilled sterile in times three insed µM BAP and hormoneandBAP µM

., 2016). To our knowledge, there is is there knowledge, our To 2016). .,

. Snh Twr, 2012), Tiwari, & (Singh regeneration system has been wellbeen regeneration has system 3 (3), 476 (3), . Therefore, the objectives of this of objectives the Therefore, - in vitro in 48 BP a dtrie by determined was BAP f

in vitro in 2

light.

ne wt 3 (w/v) 3% with ented ul Krai, Kuala

embryo germination embryo

stem and shoot tips shoot and stem

- free medium free effeciency

± Oxytropis Kel 2 See .

0 C in a in C l in ole antan -

e). e). ed ds 477 of

TRANSACTIONS ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY BAP 0.5µM Control 25°C±2°C under 24h light conditio supplemented medium 1. Table Oxyt as such species plant other in earlier reported been ( longer slightly showed medium control for 1.0 response with along explants best per the showed medium the decapitated embryo axes of initiation. in leaf alone of added stage the when at still was development seedlingC medium, control in culture of seedlings where development seedling 1 and produced germination embryo accelerated medium culture w 6 at emergence medium control 0.5 with supplemented medium in 1g) (Figure weeks 3 after initiation shoot germination of for reported also were results Similar 2014). Smith, & (Miransari roots and shoots of development and growth the regulators explant. initial of composed of inorganic salts a plus few organic nutrients and vitamins that required for the growth treatments both in germination 100% achieved incubation tested media between differences significant 0.5 with supplemented of onEffect BAP ANDRESULT DISCUSSION test range at or (ANOVA) variance of replicateeach treatment and replicates explants. per three w contains Data Experimentaldesign and statisticalanalysis Treatment 3831 mm) 33.8±3.1 medium tknn a esnil o induce to essential was ytokinin

During seedli Aseptic three with (CRD) design randomized completely a in out carried were experiments All ropis glabraropis

Effect of BAP on embryo germination of of germination embryo BAPon of Effect

indicate -

2 expanded leaves after 8 weeks of culture (Figure 1 (Figure culture weeksof 8 after expandedleaves 2 the second week of incubation, root emerged from the embryo (Figure 1f) followed by 1f) followed (Figure embryo theemerged incubation,rootfrom week secondof the p germination Percentage <0.05using theSPSS (SPSSver.20 Inc., USA). of embryoof .

Acaciellaangustissima

h siuaig feto BPfr ed emnto ad hos eeeain has regeneration shoots and germination seed for BAP of effect stimulating The E (He 100 100 (%) mbryo n vitro in eek) Successful germination of embryo in the the in embryo of germination Successful (

ng of of ng that the presence of endogenousexplantembryo hormone presencein that the of ho eegne t week 4 at emergence shoot

et alet

of of G µM BAP after 8 weeks of culture (Table 1 and Figure 1f Figure and 1 (Table culture of weeks 8 after BAP µM ., 2015). ., with with ermination

. cauliflora C. C. cauliflora C. Marbawi Marbawi emb t - (Mean±S.D) shoot buds/ Clitoria ternata et ad h mas au wr cmae b te ucns multiple Duncan’s the by compared were value means the and test, - Mean ofMean . lae pr xln ws bevd n oh ramns However, treatments. both on observed was explant per leaves 1.7 explant 3% (w/v) sucrose and 0.8% (w/v) agar, pH 5.8 pH agar, (w/v) 0.8% and sucrose (w/v) 3% 8.8±2.0 7.4±3.7 ryo culture of of culture ryo

et al. et f utr ad otnosy lnae u t 4 ek o culture of weeks 4 to up elongated continuously and culture of

n , 2016. ,2016.

shoot shoot ISSN 2289 ISSN (Herrada

(

a scesul etbihd n oto ad S medium MS and control in established successfully was Transacti Jayasuriya

shootheight (Mean±S.D) root ( root Mean ofMean 16.8±6.6 18.1±3.0 bud break and shoot shoot and break bud (Singh (Singh & 2012).Tiwari, - 8786. 8786. (mm) ons on Science and Technology and Science onson au baccata Taxus 42.4±4.2 mm) 42.4±4.2 . et alet http://transectscience.org/ h eby germinated embryo The

BAP

C. cauliflora C. et al. et ., 2016). ., )

Pterocarpus santalinus Pterocarpus emergence and and Time forTime . (week) shoot

hs eut s oprtvl bte ta in than better comparatively is result This 2012) 3 4

ovninl ed germination seed conventional . It was known that MS basal media are media basal MS that known was It .

(Tafreshi

compared to BAP to compared .

aa mdu lc o pat growth plant of lack medium basal after 8 weeks of culture on MS basal MS on culture of weeks 8 after

The presence of of presence The (Mean±S.D) leaf/explant . numberof 3 ( Mean ofMean (3), 476 (3), multiplication 1.7±1.3 1.0±1.0 j ) An An average 7.4 of ). ). However,for t al et - 48

2

ho rgnrto from regeneration shoot

, 01 and 2011) ., (Balaraju

n the on ere analysisto subjected Mean ofMean root length (mm)length (Mean±S.D) .

33.8±3.1 42.4±4.2 Culture incubated at incubated Culture - containing medium containing BP o example for BAP . 0.5 -

may

j). There were no were There j).

eod week second the s the

µM BAP in the in BAP µM et al et - 8.8 shoot buds

sufficient for n vitro in

., 2011) and 2011) ., ame periodame emergence Time forTime

root (shoot

2 2 seed

478 of

TRANSACTIONS ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY number was reducesnumber was wi TDZ with supplemented week culture of weeks TDZ of inclusion tip, shoot For weeks. 4 to up delayed sophera 2d) Figure and 2 (Table culture of week second (10 of Effect TDZon R and leaf expanded leaf (i buds shoot of initiation (h) elongation and emergence shoot (g) culture e (f) initiation cultureembryo (e) circle) (black embryo attached cauliflora C. 0.5µMBAP with 1. Figure - 15 supplementedwith medium MS on cultured explants stem The s a Atr wes idrc sot eeeain rm als a osre o medium on observed was callus from regeneration shoot indirect weeks, 6 After . µM)

(Parveen & Shahzad, 2010). 2010). Shahzad, & (Parveen

In vitro In

resulted in heavy callusing and and callusing heavy in resulted

arw atr ri feh a rmvd d se ct ogtdnl no avs and halves into longitudinal cut seed (d) removed was flesh fruit after (arrow)

withinweeks8 of culture egeneration embryo germination of of germination embryo (Figure 2b). (Figure after8 weeks culture of th increasedconcentration 5 from Marbawi Marbawi Fgr 2) Sot a idcd n l cnetain o TZ n the and TDZ of concentrations all in induced was Shoot 2d). (Figure C apacity Callus Callus et al. et mm 20cm , 2016. ,2016.

ISSN 2289 ISSN However at lower concentration (5µM), callus induction was induction callus (5µM), concentration lower at However F induction was observed at the base of the explants within 6 within explants the of base the at observed was induction rom Transacti h e b Cynometra cauliflora Cynometra

. S

- (a)Tree of 8786. 8786. tem andtem successfully promotes up to 100% friable callus callus friable 100% to up promotes successfully ons on Science and Technology and Science onson http://transectscience.org/

. Similar Similar . 10mm S 2 mm2 mmm 5mm hoot C. caulifloraC.

caused a swelling of the explants after 2 after explants the of swelling a caused

- T 15µM. i f ip eut has result

c E

on MS basal medium supplemented medium basal MS on

xplant . 3 mergence of root after 2 weeks of of weeks 2 after root of mergence

(3), 476 (3), (b) fruit of

higher concentrations of TDZ concentrationsof higher

2 mm2 mmm 5mm - als 48 2

be rpre in reported been o

10mm

- j) formation of the first the of formation j) g C. cauliflora j

d

2 mm2 5 mm5

mmm 5mm (c) Seed(c) of

Cassia

at the at

479 - 3

TRANSACTIONS ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY required growth regulating s regulating growth required produce or concentrate either and division cell of rates high have tip shoot like plants the of callus ends for weeks in 6 observed also took was regeneration tips shoot (12.11%). However, was induction callus of TDZ). (3.00±1.00) percentage low obtained explant µM and induction per (5 shoot concentration of lower number at highest recorded The shoot. produce to explants 54.45% RangeTest. at differentsignificantly not werecolumn same the in letter same the by followedMean Explant explantafter8 weeks of culturesupplemented with 3%(w/v) sucroseand 2 Table initiationat thebase explant(d) of shootregener explant: after TDZ. with supplemented medium 2 Figure Shoot Stem tip

In comparison with stem, shoot tip showed potential for regeneration by obtaining 34 obtaining by regeneration for potential showed tip shoot stem, with comparison In Stem explant

Shoot tip twoweeks of culture.(c

. a a . a Clue ntain b Epat tre t sel fe to ek o clue () callus (c) culture. of weeks two after swell to started Explant (b) initiation Culture (a)

Effect of TDZ treatment on regeneration capacity of of capacity regeneration on treatment TDZ of Effect

Control Control Regeneration capacity of of capacity Regeneration (µM) TDZ TDZ 15 10 15 10 5 5

2 5 mm mm 88.89 9.2288.89 ± 10.21 1.2410.21 ± 0.5412.11 ± 9.15 ± 0.149.15 Percentage induction

Callus Callus

100 100 (% b 0 0 b Marbawi Marbawi

)

a a

- d) andinitiationcallus formationafter2 ubstances including auxins and cytokinins (Akin cytokinins and auxins including ubstances cd b c c et al. et

, 2016. ,2016. induction Time forTime explant Stem 5mm 2 (week) trcru santalinus Pterocarpus ISSN 2289 ISSN . cauliflora C. callus mm 5 mm Transacti 6 6 6 2 2 4 - -

-

8786. 8786. c c

ons on Science and Technology and Science onson

c http://transectscience.org/ br brownishyellow brownishyellow brownishyellow brownishyellow brownishyellow

ation : (a) Culture initiation (b) Explant started to swell to started Explant (b)initiation Culture (a) : n vitro in ownish yellowownish Morphology

Friable, Friable, Friable, Fr Friable, Friable, Callus Callus iable, after weeks6 of culture - -

tm n sot i epat n S basal MS on explant tip shoot and stem 5 5

mm mm (Balaraju 2

mm

.

3

(3), 476 (3), . cauliflora C. Percentage of d 34.44 9.2734.44 ± 33.34 3.3533.34 ± 43.33 3.3543.33 ± 9.2754.45 ±

d t al et shoot (%) shoot produce - explant - 3 weeks3 of culture. 48 Th 2 , 01. h meristematic The 2011). .,

0 0 0 0 e ability of shoot tips for tips shoot of ability e

0.8%(w/v)agar.

p <0.05 by Duncan’s Multiple Duncan’s by <0.05

ab b a a tm n sot tip shoot and stem -

Idowu Idowu

0.33 ± 0.000.33 1.33 ± 0.501.33 ± 1.003.00 0.83 ± 0.400.83

numberof 5mm shoot shoot per 2 explant mm Mean

et al et

0 0 0 0

Shoottip

., 2009). ., .44% to .44%

d c b a

480

TRANSACTIONS ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY [7] [6] [5] [4] [3] [2] [1] REFERENCES from Mat binti Hasnah Mdm. to and research, Mengkebang, present for used equipment and ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS plant. respectively. induction, improvementplantcompletefurther regen basis provides for this of study in callus and overcome to suggested is regenerationagent antioxidative shoot for potential 0.5 with supplemented CONCLUSION absorbed to able is carbon Activated andphenolics their thusoxidates make them lesstoxic (Thomas, carbon. 2008) activated of addition by overcome be can simply species in Fabaceae observed also other was TDZ with supplemented medium in callus of Browning (2013). Iqbal and Aziz by earlierreported as plant part the in phenoliccontent high to bedue may also was It 2013). the eliciting often environments; stressful potentially resulted thatphenoliccompounds release andof production in them culturing and explants remove to order material in Wounding the 2). (Figure inducedcallus the as well as explants tips shoot and plant. this in shoot and callus both (Guo effects auxin and cytokinin both have TDZ

Facul the to thankful are We vit In

u, . Abs, . . Zb A, u L.L. Xu, A., Zeb, dimensional plantgrowth regulator. H., B. Abbasi, B., Guo, Ministry of Agriculture,Ma Burkill 33 ( sanders red S. Ignacimuthu, P., Agastian, K., Balaraju, Cynometra cauliflora A. F. A. Aziz, 3788. crops. horticultural for technique production Akin P. Suprasanna, activity callus.of H., V. Lokhande, G., of Micropropagation S. Ghane, L., M. Ahire, 64 and antioxidant of activity antityrosinase, antiacetylcholinesterase, and Moha F., Abas, A., M. Ado, , 2. 2501

ro -

Idowu, P. E., Ibitoye, D. O. O. D. Ibitoye, E., P. Idowu,

, culture of of culture

– KualaKrai, . H. I.

2510.

Cynometra cauliflora Cynometra

Pterocarpus santalinus Pterocarpus

(1966). &

InVitroCellular qa, . 21) Atoiat ciiy n phytochemi and activity Antioxidant (2013). M. Iqbal, Urar . cauliflora C. µM .

Marbawi Marbawi Kelantanforproviding J ournalof

Uraria picta Uraria Dcinr o te cnmc rdcs f h Mly Peninsula Malay the of Products Economic the of Dictionary A

a picta ia BAP. et al. et ty of Science and Natural Resources of UMS for providing NaturalUMSfor Resourcesfacility and Science of ty of mmed, A. S., Ghazali, H. M. Ghazali,M. H.S., mmed,A. laysia,Kuala Lumpur. , 2016. ,2016. In

Exp

However, browning phenomenon was observed in both s both in observed was phenomenon browning However, ISSN 2289 ISSN (Ahire (Ahire L. leaves. L. a scesul etbihd rm mro n S medium MS on embryo from established successfully was

h peec o TDZ of presence the

Transacti & erimentaland through adventitious bud regeneration and antimicrobial and regeneration bud adventitious through

L.) using shoot tip e tip shoot using L.) & Developmental Biology - AfricanJournal Biotechnology,of 8786. 8786. t al et dmygn . T O. Ademoyegun ons on Science and Technology and Science onson browning effect of the culture. The results describedresults The culture. the of effect browning J http://transectscience.org/ ournal of the of ournal , 2011) ., &

et al et the

Park, K Park, &

Integr

., 2011) that may resulted to the formation of of formation the to resulted may that 2011) ., plantmaterial. fia Junl f Biotechnology, of Journal African

e, . . 21) Tiizrn a multi a Thidiazuron: (2011). H. Y. Wei, Peoi polm n ln tsu culture tissue plant in problem Phenolic .

ativeMedicine .

sot is n se epat showed explant stem and tips shoot , Sci (2011). A rapid in vitro propagation of propagationof vitro in rapid A (2011).

to this phenomenon (Jones & Saxena,&(Jones this phenomenon to & xplants.

ence of ence Plant, . .

3 Shaari, K. (2015). Chemical profileChemical(2015).K. Shaari, (3), 476 (3), 20) Tsu clue s plant a as culture Tissue (2009).

47 Food - . 48

Acta Physiologiae Plantarum Physiologiae Acta , , 2

488 3 휶

& 10 ,

and Agriculture and - 337

lcsds inhibitory glucosidase oee, h use the However, , – ia, . . (2011). D. T. Nikam,

8984 495 eration system of thiseration of system – 341. cal composition of of composition cal .

– 9000

8

. (16),

P Batu RPT ,

Vl 1, Vol. , 95

, 3782

635 tem

481 of – – - ,

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Artemisia annua Artemisia P. M. A. Jones, (subfamily Caesalpinioideae) species. recalcitran and dormancy epicotyl Wijetunga,K.G.G.,S. Jayasuriya, M. Baskin,T. B., A. e25709. sensitivity. cytokinin of manipulation through approach K. Hill, compounds. of Establishment angustissima (2016). C. Guevara C., A. J. Guillén, Hernández, R., F. Reséndiz, A, J. Herrada, glabraOxytropis L. Guo, P., Fan, B. Guo, He,W., Advances Thomas doi.org/10.1155/2012/127373 cells. of extract methanolic of induction apoptosis and effects, antiproliferative Cytotoxicity, (2012). M. A. Siti A., S. Mat, Nashriyah J., T. Tajudin, seedlings. of development R. M. Mofid, M., Shariati, H., A. S. Tafreshi, 229 of J. Singh, 7 Buah. Perkembangan Laju Studi dan Rendah Buah Kejadian Tingkat Bogor: Raya Kebun di A., Satyanti, S., R. Purwantoro, 201 sophera S. Parveen, tobaccotissue cultures. Murashige, Experimentaland Botany M. Miransari, Springer (2012). K. T. Lim, PLoS ONE th

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Tiwari, K. N. (2012). N. K. Tiwari, 8 &

T. , (10), IndustrialCrops and Products, Tme a hub pat nei o Mxc fr h pouto o phenolic of production the for México of endemic plant shrubby a (Timbe) 618

- . TDZ (2010). A. Shahzad, & Comple Based &

20) Te oe f ciae caca i pat ise culture. tissue plant in charcoal activated of role The (2008). (Lam.)DC. L.: A novel approach to approach novel A L.:

–

Skoog, mt,D L (04.Pat ho Plant (2014). L. D. Smith, au baccata Taxus e76802.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0076802 631 & L.

dbe eiia ad Non and Medicinal Edible Marbawi Marbawi

aea P K (03. niiin f hnlrpni boytei in biosynthesis phenylpropanoid of Inhibition (2013). K. P. Saxena, . -

ular&.Developmental Biology

An important medicinal plant. medicinal important An , Physio

99 F. et al. et

,

(1962 Plant TissueCell and OrganCulture 110 etr ad lentv Medicine Alternative and mentary .

, 2016. ,2016.

l

ISSN 2289 ISSN ogiaPlantarum

in Woefuto ua poylctc ekma HL leukemia promyelocytic human on fruit Whole Linn. – & . by L. 121 In vitro In & ). Transacti

Yuswandi, A. Y. (2010). Nam (2010). Y. A. Yuswandi,

Wei, Y. (2015). (2015). Y. Wei, A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassay and growth rapid for medium revised A . soae eair n ed o to rpcl Fabaceae tropical two of seeds in behavior storage t

- 8786. 8786. AoBPlants. ons on Science and Technology and Science onson n vitro in –

plant regeneration from decapitated embryonic axes embryonic decapitated fromregeneration plant inregeneration shoot frequency high induced -

Aishah http://transectscience.org/

reduce oxidative browning in plant tissue culture. tissue plant in browning oxidative reduce 86

20 Februari 2010, , ,

49 & - Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants 15

rmones and seed germination. seed and rmones eiia Plants Medicinal mro utr ad yrpnc rwh of growth hydroponic and culture embryo – , A. B., Aziz, A., Yusran, M., Alwi, A. Alwi, M., Yusran, A., Aziz, B., A. , , Nekui, M. K. (2011). Rapid germination and germination Rapid (2011). K. M. Nekui, n vitro in

57 473 doi: 10.1093/aobpla/pls044.doi:

- .

In vitro In

Plant, –

479

J.M. Industrial Crops and Products, and Crops Industrial

.

regenerati -

. 47 Plant Signaling and Behavior, and Signaling Plant T. I. Pacheco, G., J. González, . 3

propa (3), 476 (3), & (5)

, Malan

, Baskin, C. (2012). PhysiologicalBaskin, (2012). C. 2012 , 120

- , 561 - nam ( nam 48 gation of a poisonous plant poisonous a of gation o 2 Fruits 2: Vol 2 ,

21) Atce D 127373. ID Article (2012), – 49 g, Indonesia. on system for for system on

568 – Cynometra cauliflora Cynometra 55 .

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Netherlands . Environmental Biotechnology

Acaciella 35

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(10 Ali, (2), - L.) L.) 60 60 482 & ), – r :