Sumbangsih Siauw Giok Tjhan & Baperki

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Sumbangsih Siauw Giok Tjhan & Baperki dengan PIDATO BUNG KARNO pada Kongres-8 BAPERKI (Maret-1963) sebagai makna “Nation Building” Penyunting: Siauw Tiong Djin Oey Hay Djoen Penerbit: Hasta Mitra Mei 2000 2 Sumbangsih Siauw Giok Tjhan & Baperki Penyumbang tulisan: Dr. Go Gien Tjwan Prof. Dr. Daniel S. Lev Dr. Mary Somers Heidhues Prof. Zhou Nan-jing Dr. Arief Boediman Dr. J.E. Sahetapy Dr. Franz Magnis-Suseno SJ Dr. Karlina Leksono-Supelli Dr. Daniel L. Sparinga Drs. Moh. Sobari Yoesoef Isak Prof.Dr. Charles A. Coppel Dr. A.S. Hikam Ibrahim Isa Drs. Ferry Sonneville Stanley J.A. Prasetya Hardoyo Tan Swie Ling Xu Ren Dr. Siauw Tiong Djin 3 Sumbangsih Siauw Giok Tjhan & Baperki I S I : 1. Pengantar Penerbit ………………………………………………………………………………….. 4 -- 7 Pidato Presiden Soekarno pada Kongres ke 8 Baperki, 14 Maret 1963 2. sebagai makna “Nation Building” ………………………..…………….................................. 8 -- 19 3. Bab I: Perspektif Sejarah Siauw Tiong Djin: Sumbangsih Siauw Giok Tjhan dalam sejarah Indonesia ……………. 20 -- 27 Daniel Lev: Minoritas Atau Warga Negara ……………………………………………............ 28 -- 39 Zhou Nan Jing: Nasib Siauw Giok Tjhan-isme dalam Sejarah……………………............. 40 -- 52 Xu Ren: Untuk Hari Depan yang Cemerlang ………………………………………………….. 53 -- 61 Go Gien Tjwan: Siauw Giok Tjhan, Sahabat-ku ……………………………………………... 62 -- 67 Joes oef Isak: Menghormati Yang Patut Dihormati: Siauw Giok Tjhan ……………………. 68 -- 70 Benny Setiono: URECA, Sumbangsih Siauw Giok Tjhan Di Bidang Pendidikan ……… 71 -- 75 4. Bab II: Masalah Assimilasi Vs Intergrasi dan Jalan Keluar Chan Chung Tak: Integrasi Wajar ……………………………………………………………. 76 -- 86 J. Sahetapy: Integrasi dan Assimilasi ………………………………………………………… 87 -- 90 Magnis Soeseno: Etika Politik …………………..……………………………………………. 91 -- 93 Karlina Supelli: Ethnic Belonging and Nationhood …………………………….. 94 -- 98 Daniel Sparinga: Relevansi Siauw Giok Tjhan dan Baperki ……………………………….. 99 -- 103 A.S. Hikam: Era Reformasi …………………………………………………………………...... 104 -- 109 Tan Swie Ling: Siauw Giok Tjhan dan Sosialisme Pancasila ..…………………………….. 110 -- 115 Stanl ey J.A. Prasetya: Pejuang yang dihapus dari sejarah …………………………........ 116 -- 117 5. Bab III: Kesan-Kesan Pribadi Ferry Sonnevile: Kebesaran Siauw Giok Tjhan …………………………………………….. 118 -- 119 Mohamad Sobari: Watak Kepemimpinan Siauw Giok Tjhan …………………………....... 120 -- 123 Ibrahim Isa: Siauw Giok Tjhan, Salah Seorang Pahlawan Nasional ……………………… 124 -- 126 Mary Somers-Heidhues: Pertemuan dengan Siauw Giok Tjhan ………………………… 127 -- 128 Charles A Coppel: Sebuah Kenangan Pribadi tentang Siauw Giok Tjhan ………………. 129 -- 130 Arief Budiman: Siauw Giok Tjhan yang tidak saya kenal ………………………………...... 131 -- 137 Hardojo: Bung Siauw Giok Tjhan – Model Pemimpin-Politisi yang terbuka dan luas wawasannya …………………………………………………………………………... 138 -- 139 6. Bab IV: Pidato-Pidato dalam acara Bedah Buku – 28 Agustus 1999 Pidato Indarto …………………………………………………………………………………… 140 -- 141 Pidato Dra. Miriam SF Nainggolan ……………………………………………………….. 142 Kesimpulan Acara Bedah Buku …………………………………………………………… 143 7. Bab V: Penerbitan Media Cetak Majalah Matra ……………………………………………………………………………………. 144 -- 150 Majalah Tempo ………………………………………………………………………………….. 151 -- 152 Koran Suara Pembaruan …………………………………………………………………….. 153 -- 155 4 Sumbangsih Siauw Giok Tjhan & Baperki PENGANTAR PENERBIT Lengsernya Soeharto pada bulan Mei 1998 membuka kemungkinan untuk proses reformasi mewujudkan alam demokratis dimulai. Situasi ini ternyata mendorong tumbuhnya berbagai organisasi yang didirikan dan bertujuan melawan rasisme terhadap golongan Tionghoa, yang selama 32 tahun sebelumnya dilegitimasikan oleh pemerintahan Orde Baru. Pada umumnya organisasi-organisasi baru ini berdasarkan ke-Tionghoaan, walaupun mereka tidak membatasi keanggotaannya pada komunitas Tionghoa. Program kerjanya beraneka ragam. Ada di satu ekstrim menyatakan keinginan untuk terjun ke dalam gerakan politik di tingkat “grass-roots”, ada di ekstrim lain yang hanya membatasi kegiatannya pada usaha pengenalan identitas dan kebudayaan Tionghoa. Keanekaan ragam program kerja dan bentuk organisasi ini wajar. Pembungkaman, bahkan pemaksaan pemerintah dan sebagian elemen masyarakat akan hilangnya ke Tionghoaan di Indonesia berlangsung puluhan tahun. Penggunaan nama-nama Tionghoa, penggunaan bahasa Tionghoa di tempat umum, penampilan kebudayaan Tionghoa bahkan perayaan tahun baru Imlek selama 30 tahun diharamkan. Dengan sendirinya, trauma ini menghasilkan variasi respons yang berbeda-beda. Tidak bisa disangkal bahwa rezim Orde Baru juga telah menguntungkan sekelompok pedagang WNI keturunan Tionghoa. Bahkan ada diantara mereka ini yang turut berdosa dalam menjerumuskan negara RI ke jurang kemiskinan dan penderitaan. Akan tetapi, yang diuntungkan oleh rezim Orde Baru ini, apalagi yang turut berdosa mencelakakan RI, merupakan minoritas maha kecil. Sebagian besar anggota komunitas Tionghoa senasib dengan Rakyat terbanyak. Mereka menjadi korban kekejaman dan keserakahan penguasa Orde Baru. Yang menggembirakan adalah adanya tekad untuk memperbaiki situasi dan menghempas sistem yang selama puluhan tahun ini mencengkram penghidupan rakyat dan melanggar HAM. Yang lebih menggembirakan lagi adalah adanya pengertian di kalangan pimpinan organisasi-organisasi Tionghoa baru ini bahwa penyelesaian masalah Tionghoa tidak terpisahkan dari usaha besar memperbaiki nasib Rakyat Indonesia secara keseluruhan melalui perombakan sistem dan tercapainya demokrasi. Tidak sedikit pemuda-pemudi Tionghoa yang terjun langsung dalam perjuangan reformasi. Bahkan ada diantara mereka yang menjadi korban keganasan pihak penguasa militer. Dalam konteks ini, pengalaman sejarah yang mengikutsertakan gerakan komunitas Tionghoa di dalam arena politik, ekonomi, sosial dan budaya perlu dipahami dan dijadikan sandaran dalam menemukan jalan keluar yang efektif. Dan untuk memahami sejarah dengan baik, perlu ada tekad untuk membahas sejarah yang sesungguhnya, bukan sejarah yang “diciptakan” oleh pihak penguasa, dengan pikiran jernih dan kelapangan dada. 5 Sumbangsih Siauw Giok Tjhan & Baperki Tekad ini ternyata telah mendorong banyak pemimpin masyarakat Tionghoa baru untuk mengadakan sebuah seminar sehari tentang pengalaman Siauw Giok Tjhan dan Baperki yang dalam Zaman Orde Baru telah dijadikan momok politik dan budaya. Pemerintah Orde Baru telah memalsukan sejarah dan menegasi semua sumbangsih Siauw Giok Tjhan dan Baperki. Bahkan jalan keluar untuk mempercepat nation-building yang dicanangkan oleh Siauw dinyatakan sebagai jalur komunisme sehingga diskusi tentangnya di dalam Zaman Orde Baru diharamkan. Seminar sehari yang diselenggarakan pada tanggal 28 Agustus 1999 di Omni Batavia hotel, Jakarta, ini dihadiri oleh sekitar 650 orang. Walaupun sebagian besar yang hadir berasal dari komunitas Tionghoa dari beberapa generasi, tidak sedikit dari mereka yang berasal dari komunitas yang dinamakan “pribumi” juga hadir. Seminar yang mengikutsertakan pembicara-pembicara ternama seperti Dan Lev, Sahetapy, Magnis Soeseno, Karlina Supelli, Daniel Sparinga dan Hikam berupa acara bedah buku yang diterbitkan oleh Hasta Mitra, karya Siauw Tiong Djin: Siauw Giok Tjhan, Perjuangan Seorang Patriot Membangun Nasion Indonesia dan Masyarakat Bhinneka Tunggal Ika. Yang mengesankan adalah seminar itu menjadi sebuah sarana di mana kebijakan Siauw dan Baperki dibahas secara objektif. Para pembicara dengan bebas mengutarakan pendapat-pendapat mereka. Yang lebih mengesankan lagi adalah antusiasme hadirin yang memenuhi ruang acara. Sebagian besar mengikuti acara dari pukul 9:30 pagi hingga 17:30 sore. Dalam skala yang lebih kecil, acara bedah buku yang sama diadakan di Surabaya pada tanggal 30 Agustus 2000. Penerbitan buku riwayat Siauw Giok Tjhan dan seminar-seminar yang dengan bebas membicarakan pengalaman Baperki itu merupakan langkah pertama dalam membahas pengalaman komunitas Tionghoa yang tidak terpisahkan dari tubuh bangsa Indonesia ini berdasarkan perspektif sejarah yang tidak dinodai campur tangan pihak penguasa. Akan tetapi, minat masyarakat untuk lebih banyak mengetahui sejarah serta pandangan- pandangan para akhli, baik aktor/pelaku maupun pengamat/pemerhati sejarah, dirasakan masih besar dan menggebu. Oleh karena itu, kami memutuskan untuk menerbitkan sebuah buku yang merupakan kumpulan artikel, makalah dan pidato yang pernah dipersembahkan tentang Siauw Giok Tjhan dan Baperki. Walaupun Siauw dinyatakan oleh banyak pengamat sebagai tokoh yang menjiwai Baperki, ketokohan Siauw dan keberhasilannya dalam memimpin Baperki tidak bisa tidak berkaitan dengan dukungan loyal para pemimpin Baperki lainnya. Mereka inilah yang turut mengembangkan Baperki dan menyebarluaskan, bahkan menginisiatifkan berbagai konsep/program perjuangan yang dicanangkan Siauw. Dengan demikian kiranya jelas bahwa yang dimaksud dengan Siauw Giok Tjhan dan ketokohannya, tidak bisa tidak berhubungan dengan para tokoh dan pendukung Baperki lainnya. Bab pertama mempersembahkan rangkuman sejarah perjuangan Siauw Giok Tjhan. Siauw Tiong Djin menyimak ketokohan Siauw dan sumbangsih-nya dalam sejarah Indonesia. Dan Lev menekankan perkembangan sejarah yang melibatkan Siauw, Yap Thiam Hien dan Baperki. Joesoef Iskak, mantan Pemimpin Redaksi Harian Merdeka yang mengenal Siauw dengan baik dan sama-sama meringkuk di penjara dengannya, menyinggung keberhasilan dan kegagalan Siauw. Zhou Nan Jing, seorang akademikus akhli masalah Tionghoa di kawasan Asia Tenggara di BeiJing, menggambarkan nasib dan kekandasan pikiran Siauw di Zaman Orde Baru. Xu Ren, mantan Konsul Jendral Kedubes 6 Sumbangsih Siauw Giok Tjhan
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