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Perancangan Film Dokumenter Biografi Yap Thiam Hien

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Perancangan Film Dokumenter Biografi Yap Thiam Hien PERANCANGAN FILM DOKUMENTER BIOGRAFI YAP THIAM HIEN Welli Wijaya1, Erandaru2, Ryan Pratama Sutanto3 Program Studi Desain Komunikasi Visual, Fakultas Seni dan Desain, Universitas Kristen Petra, Jl. Siwalankerto 121 – 131, Surabaya, Email: [email protected] Abstrak Yap Thiam Hien adalah seorang advokat peranakan Tionghoa. Beliau dilahirkan di Banda Aceh pada tanggal 25 Mei 1913 dan meninggal pada tanggal 25 April 1989. Semasa hidupnya, Yap berjuang menegakkan HAM di Indonesia. Yap sesungguhnya memiliki kesempatan untuk memiliki hidup yang lebih mudah dan tenang dengan latar belakang pendidikan hukum Belanda yang ia miliki. Namun ia memilih untuk menempuh jalur berbeda, yaitu berjuang melawan kesewenang-wenangan. Perjuangan Yap masih terus berjalan bahkan hingga 25 tahun setelah ia meninggal. Saat ini nama Yap Thiam Hien diabadikan sebagai penghargaan yang diberikan kepada tokoh yang dianggap berjasa di Bidang HAM setiap tahunnya. Film Dokumenter ini dibuat untuk mengenal Yap Thiam Hien. Kata kunci: Film, Film Dokumenter, Yap Thiam Hien, Tionghoa, Pengacara, Hukum Abstract Title: Yap Thiam Hien’s Biography Documentary Film Yap Thiam Hien was a Chinese Indonesian lawyer. He was born in Banda Aceh on the 25th of May 1913 and passed away on April 25th 1989. Yap fought for Human Rights all his life. As Netherlands - Law Graduate,Yap did have an easier and happier option opened to him. But he chose otherwise, fought the oppression. He may have passed away, but his legacy carries on, even 25 years after his death. Yap Thiam Hien’s name was immortalized as an award given to those who are meritorious to the Indonesian Human Rights. This documentary film was made to be acquainted with Yap Thiam Hien. Keyword: Film, Documentary, Yap Thiam Hien, Chinese, Lawyer, Law Pendahuluan Sebagai wakil golongan minoritas, Yap Thiam Yap Thiam Hien adalah seorang advokat Hien merupakan satu- satunya anggota Indonesia kelahiran Kuta Raja, Aceh, 25 Mei Konstituante yang menolak usul tersebut. Hal 1913 dan meninggal pada 25 April 1989. itu tentu saja sangat mencolok di kala itu, Hingga saat ini namanya diabadikan sebagai karena jangankan golongan minoritas, partai- penghargaan yang diberikan kepada orang- partai besar, kecuali Masjumi, pada mulanya orang yang berjasa besar bagi penegakan Hak tidak ada yang terang- terangan menolak (Lubis Asasi Manusia di Indonesia. & Aristides, 1990, hal. 49). Setelah itu, Yap Thiam Hien perlahan- lahan mundur dari dunia Pada tahun 1959, Yap Thiam Hien menyatakan politik, dan menekuni profesi advokat dan aktif keberatannya terhadap usul pemerintah untuk di lingkungan gereja. kembali ke UUD 1945. Beliau beranggapan bahwa UUDS 1950 memberikan perlindungan Tahun 1966, Yap Thiam Hien melakukan HAM yang lebih baik daripada UUD 1945. pembelaan terhadap Soebrandio, bekas Wakil Perdana Menteri Kabinet Dwikora I, Kepala Badan Pusat Intelijen, dan Menteri Luar Negeri Perjuangan Yap Thiam Hien dalam penegakan Kabinet Djuanda yang dituding terlibat HAM di Indonesia sangat panjang dan penculikan sejumlah jenderal pada 30 melelahkan. Semasa hidupnya Beliau tidak September 1965. Pada waktu itu, tidak ada banyak merasakan buah dari perjuangannya. satupun orang, termasuk advokat, yang mau Saat ini buah dari perjuangan Yap Thiam Hien berurusan dengan “orang kiri”. Namun Yap baru dapat dirasakan, seperti dengan adanya Thiam Hien menyanggupi pembelaan tersebut amandemen- amandemen UUD 1945. Oleh karena ia merasa itu adalah tugasnya sebagai karena itu, masyarakat Indonesia perlu seorang advokat, menyatakan kebenaran di mengetahui bahwa perlindungan HAM yang ruang persidangan, meskipun sejak awal ia telah saat ini mereka terima, bukanlah hal yang menyadari bahwa persidangan tersebut tidak terjadi dalam sehari, atau sebulan, ataupun lain adalah upaya Orde Baru untuk setahun, namun puluhan tahun. Dengan menyingkirkan pengikut – pengikut setia harapan, setelah mereka mengetahui perjuangan Soekarno secara legal. Pada akhirnya, penegakan HAM di Indonesia oleh Yap Thiam Soebandrio tetap divonis hukuman mati. Karena Hien, mereka menjadi lebih menghargai HAM campur tangan Ratu Inggris, hukuman dan menerapkan penegakkan HAM di Soebandrio diturunkan menjadi hukuman Indonesia. seumur hidup. Masyarakat Indonesia yang dimaksud di sini Yap Thiam Hien terus berkontribusi untuk adalah masyarakat Indonesia secara umum penegakkan HAM di Indonesia. Kontribusi dengan rentang usia 21 – 25 tahun. Dipilih Beliau yang dapat dilihat hingga hari ini adalah rentang usia ini, karena mereka adalah generasi Lembaga Bantuan Hukum (LBH). Selain itu calon penerus bangsa, sekaligus menjadi Beliau juga merupakan salah satu pendiri generasi calon penerus penegakan HAM di Universitas Kristen Indonesia (UKI) dan pernah Indonesia. Untuk membagikan kisah perjuangan menjadi pengurus maupun dekan Fakultas tersebut kepada target penonton, diperlukan Hukum UKI. Hingga akhir hayatnya, Yap sebuah media yang dapat menjelaskan cerita Thiam Hien masih setia terhadap penegakkan secara jelas dengan singkat. HAM di Indonesia. Yap Thiam Hien meninggal di Brussel, Belgia ketika menghadiri INGI, Media audio visual dianggap pilihan media yaitu Inter NGO (Nongovernmental yang tepat, karena audio visual memenuhi Organization) Conference on Indonesia, yang kriteria tersebut, dapat menjelaskan cerita secara bertujuan mengembangkan partisipasi rakyat jelas dengan singkat. Film dokumenter serupa dan Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat, Organisasi sudah pernah diterbitkan oleh Yayasan Yap nonpemerintah dalam pembangunan masyarakat Thiam Hien sebagai film pembuka dari dan negara di Indonesia pada tahun 1989 (Lubis Penganugerahan Yap Thiam Hien Award, & Aristides, 1990, hal. 62). namun film dokumenter tersebut cenderung tidak cocok dengan target penonton dewasa Yap Thiam Hien tidak mengenal lelah muda. Mengingat peserta acara tersebut adalah memperjuangkan keadilan dan kebenaran dewasa dengan rentang usia 40 – 60 tahun ke hingga hari tuanya. Keberaniannya tidak dapat atas. Film tersebut cenderung berisi kumpulan disangkal lagi, karena perjuangan Beliau harus wawancara dengan beberapa tokoh yang dekat melawan arus besar, yakni arus ketidakadilan dengan sosok Yap Thiam Hien, sehingga yang pada masa itu luar biasa kuatnya. Terlebih terkesan membosankan untuk target lagi Beliau merupakan golongan minoritas tiga perancangan. Dengan demikian, diperlukan lapis. Lapisan yang pertama adalah karena membuat sebuah perancangan Film Dokumenter Beliau etnis Tionghoa, lapisan kedua adalah Biografi Yap Thiam Hien. karena Beliau beragama Kristen, dan yang ketiga adalah karena Beliau bersikap jujur. Etnis Tionghoa banyak mendapat perlakuan Tujuan Perancangan diskriminasi yang mencolok dari pemerintahan pada masa pemerintahan Orde Baru, tak Film Dokumenter Biografi Yap Thiam Hien terkecuali Yap Thiam Hien. Kesulitan demi bertujuan untuk memperkenalkan profil Yap kesulitan menjadi bagian dari hidupnya. Thiam Hien kepada sasaran penonton sebagai a. What : Apa yang Yap Thiam Hien seorang advokat yang berani dalam perjuangkan semasa hidupnya ? memperjuangkan penegakan HAM di Indonesia, b. Who : Siapa sosok Yap Thiam Hien dan sekarang namanya diabadikan sebagai sesungguhnya ? penghargaan HAM di Indonesia. c. Why : Mengapa Yap Thiam Hien memperjuangkannya ? d. Where : Di mana saja Yap Thiam Hien Metode Penelitian memperjuangkannya ? e. When : Kapan Yap Thiam Hien Perancangan Film Dokumenter Biografi Yap memperjuangkannya ? Thiam Hien menggunakan metode penelitian f. How : Bagaimana cara Yap Thiam Hien deskriptif kualitatif. Metode ini dapat dibagi memperjuangkannya ? menjadi beberapa tahap, di antaranya adalah: Metode Pengumpulan Data Pembahasan Data yang digunakan untuk menyusun Perancangan Film Dokumenter Biografi Yap Film Dokumenter Thiam Hien dikumpulkan dari sumber data Sebuah film, pada dasarnya, merupakan primer dan sekunder. Sumber primer adalah kumpulan gambar yang bergerak, yang disusun sumber data dari pihak yang bersangkutan sedemikian rupa sehingga mampu bercerita. langsung, dalam hal ini pihak keluarga Yap Film memiliki beberapa keunggulan, antara lain Thiam Hien, atau wawancara dengan sejumlah adalah memiliki unsur “hidup”, memiliki unsur tokoh yang mengenal baik atau dekat dngan dimensi waktu, dan memiliki unsur suara. sosok Yap Thiam Hien. Sedangkan sumber Ketiga aspek tersebut yang membuat film sekunder adalah sumber data yang sudah memiliki kesan nyata bagi para penontonnya, dipublikasikan ke umum, seperti buku, koran, dan oleh sebab yang sama dapat majalah, dan artikel. Proses pengumpulan data membangkitkan kepercayaan lebih baik ini menggunakan beberapa metode, yaitu: daripada bentuk seni atau media lainnya. a. Wawancara Keunggulan film lainnya ialah dapat dinikmati Wawancara dilakukan bersama sejumlah oleh kalangan yang lebih umum daripada buku tokoh yang dekat ataupun yang mengenali seperti novel dan biografi ataupun pertunjukan sosok Yap Tiam Hien dengan baik. Selain itu seperti teater. wawancara juga dilakukan terhadap pengurus dari Yayasan Yap Thiam Hien Definisi film dokumenter secara umum adalah sendiri. film nonfiksi. Menurut Gerzon A. Ayawaila b. Kepustakaan (2008) terdapat empat kriteria yang menjelaskan Metode ini dilakukan dengan mencari bahwa film dokumenter adalah film nonfiksi. informasi tentang jasa dan pengabdian Yap Thiam Hien di masa lampau dan bagaimana “Pertama, setiap adegan dalam film dokumenter orang – orang dekat beliau menanggapinya merupakan rekaman kejadian sebenarnya, tanpa melalui media buku. interpretasi imajinatif seperti halnya dalam film c. Internet fiksi. Kedua, yang dituturkan
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