The Notion of Homeland in Taiwanese Contemporary Elementary Music Education

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Notion of Homeland in Taiwanese Contemporary Elementary Music Education THE NOTION OF HOMELAND IN TAIWANESE CONTEMPORARY ELEMENTARY MUSIC EDUCATION By CHIUNG-WEN CHANG A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2011 1 © 2011 Chiung-Wen Chang 2 To all who nurtured my intellectual curiosity, academic interests, and sense of scholarship throughout my lifetime, making this milestone possible 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank the following people for their support in completing this dissertation. This dissertation could not have been done without the mentoring of my advisor, Dr. Larry Crook, who served as a constant source of support and inspiration. He never hesitated to give me well thought out advice throughout my doctoral degree studies and dissertation process. He has given me confidence in my ability to conduct this research. I greatly appreciate his enthusiasm for my work, his attention to detail, and his willingness to share his research specialty. The University of Florida faculty has provided me with one of the best educations and has willingly assisted me with time and expertise. I am especially thankful for receiving the encouragements and assistances from my doctoral dissertation committee members, Dr. Kevin Orr, Dr. Elizabeth Bondy and Dr. Welson Tremura during my dissertation process. The fieldwork in Taiwan to gather data provided me the opportunity to meet outstanding scholars and educators and to observe excellent classroom teaching activities. I want to express my appreciation to Dr. Shih-Ze Yao and Professor Chui-Tang Chiu, who have provided me with invaluable insights during the process of my fieldwork. I also would like to express my sincere gratitude to the faculty and staff at Chen-Ping Elementary School for permitting me to collect data from their students and themselves for this research. I am grateful to my husband Clayton Niehaus for his precious love for me and for giving me the courage to risk going after my dreams. I am indebted to my parents for their everlasting love, refined family upbringing, and good education that they offer me. I am forever thankful to my family and friends for their encouragement and support. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...............................................................................................................4 LIST OF TABLES ...........................................................................................................................7 LIST OF FIGURES .........................................................................................................................8 LIST OF MUSIC EXAMPLES .......................................................................................................9 ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................................10 CHAPTER 1 RESEARCH OVERVIEW .....................................................................................................12 Introduction .............................................................................................................................12 Background and Justification .................................................................................................18 Methods and Interpretations ...................................................................................................21 Definitions of Terms ...............................................................................................................27 Delimitation ............................................................................................................................29 Summary .................................................................................................................................30 2 LITERATURE REVIEW .......................................................................................................34 Indigenous Taiwanese Folk Music in the Elementary School Music Curriculum: Historical, Social, and Political Transitions ........................................................................34 Folk Music, Popular Music, and Homeland Music: Various Definitions and Their Social Context ................................................................................................................................41 Folk Music .......................................................................................................................41 Popular Music ..................................................................................................................48 Homeland Music .............................................................................................................50 Nationalism: General Overview and Conception ...................................................................59 Nationalism in Music ......................................................................................................61 Musical Nationalism in Educational Settings ..................................................................64 Practice Theory: Contents and Relevance to Ethnomusicology .............................................66 Identity Formation and Social Practice ...........................................................................66 The Emergence of Practice Theory—Pierre Bourdieu and habitus ................................68 Critical Pedagogy: History, Philosophical Origins and Its Application in Music Education ............................................................................................................................71 History and Philosophical Origins of Critical Pedagogy ................................................72 Major Themes of Critical Pedagogy and Applications in Music Education ...................76 Parallel Concepts between Practice Theory and Critical Pedagogy ................................79 3 TAIWAN’S CONTEMPORARY ELEMENTARY EDUCATION PROFILE .....................85 5 Curricular Standard Adoptions and Textbook Policies before 1987 ......................................92 Curricular Reforms and Their Impacts on Music Education ..................................................94 4 VIEWS ON HOMELAND: POLICY MAKERS, PRACTITIONERS, AND RECIPIENTS ........................................................................................................................113 Homeland and Homeland Music in Government Publications ............................................115 Concepts of Homeland before the Enactment of the 1993 New Curricular Standard ...115 Concepts of Homeland during the Practice of the 1993 New Curricular Standard .......122 Concepts of Homeland under the Treatment of the Grade 1-9 Curriculum after 2003............................................................................................................................128 Homeland Music Education Policies and Their Practices ....................................................138 Personal Attitudes of the Educational Policy Legislators, Executors, and Recipients toward Homeland ..............................................................................................................162 5 CHARACTERISTICS OF HOMELAND MUSIC ..............................................................189 6 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...............................................................233 APPENDIX A RECORDER LESSON: KNOWING THE F# .....................................................................245 B LESSON PLAN: TAIWANESE HOLO OPERA ................................................................250 C MUSIC EXAMPLE: QIU CHAN (THE FALL CICADAS) ...............................................256 D SAMPLE INTERVIEW QUESTIONS FOR EDUCATIONAL POLICY MAKERS .........258 E SAMPLE INTERVIEW QUESTIONS FOR EDUCATIONAL POLICY PRACTITIONERS AND PARENTS ...................................................................................260 F SAMPLE INTERVIEW QUESTIONS FOR CHILD INFORMANTS ...............................262 G IRB APPROVAL OF PROTOCOL .....................................................................................264 H PARENTAL INFORMED CONSENT ................................................................................265 I ADULT INFORMED CONSENT .......................................................................................269 J CHILD’S ASSENT FORM ..................................................................................................273 WORKS CITED ..........................................................................................................................275 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH .......................................................................................................293 6 LIST OF TABLES Table page 2-1 Taiwan’s political history ..................................................................................................84 3-1 Timeline of different Curricular Standards adopted in Taiwan’s elementary education history ..............................................................................................................................112 5-1 Numbers of vote and rankings of the most representative Taiwanese homeland songs from my 30 participants ...................................................................................................218 7 LIST OF FIGURES Figure page 1-1 The informants/participants of this dissertation .................................................................33
Recommended publications
  • Mobiledeeppill: a Small-Footprint Mobile Deep Learning System for Recognizing Unconstrained Pill Images
    MobileDeepPill: A Small-Footprint Mobile Deep Learning System for Recognizing Unconstrained Pill Images Xiao Zeng, Kai Cao, Mi Zhang Michigan State University ABSTRACT Correct identification of prescription pills based on their visual ap- pearance is a key step required to assure patient safety and facil- itate more effective patient care. With the availability of high- quality cameras and computational power on smartphones, it is possible and helpful to identify unknown prescription pills using smartphones. Towards this goal, in 2016, the U.S. National Li- brary of Medicine (NLM) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) announced a nationwide competition, calling for the creation of a mobile vision system that can recognize pills automatically from a mobile phone picture under unconstrained real-world settings. In this paper, we present the design and evaluation of such mo- bile pill image recognition system called MobileDeepPill. The de- velopment of MobileDeepPill involves three key innovations: a triplet loss function which attains invariances to real-world nois- iness that deteriorates the quality of pill images taken by mobile phones; a multi-CNNs model that collectively captures the shape, Figure 1: Illustration of the unconstrained pill image recognition problem. color and imprints characteristics of the pills; and a Knowledge Distillation-based deep model compression framework that signif- icantly reduces the size of the multi-CNNs model without deteri- 1. INTRODUCTION orating its recognition performance. Our deep learning-based pill Smartphones with built-in high-quality cameras are ubiquitous image recognition algorithm wins the First Prize (champion) of the today. These cameras coupled with advanced computer vision al- NIH NLM Pill Image Recognition Challenge.
    [Show full text]
  • Performing Shakespeare in Contemporary Taiwan
    Performing Shakespeare in Contemporary Taiwan by Ya-hui Huang A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment for the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Central Lancashire Jan 2012 Abstract Since the 1980s, Taiwan has been subjected to heavy foreign and global influences, leading to a marked erosion of its traditional cultural forms. Indigenous traditions have had to struggle to hold their own and to strike out into new territory, adopt or adapt to Western models. For most theatres in Taiwan, Shakespeare has inevitably served as a model to be imitated and a touchstone of quality. Such Taiwanese Shakespeare performances prove to be much more than merely a combination of Shakespeare and Taiwan, constituting a new fusion which shows Taiwan as hospitable to foreign influences and unafraid to modify them for its own purposes. Nonetheless, Shakespeare performances in contemporary Taiwan are not only a demonstration of hybridity of Westernisation but also Sinification influences. Since the 1945 Kuomintang (Chinese Nationalist Party, or KMT) takeover of Taiwan, the KMT’s one-party state has established Chinese identity over a Taiwan identity by imposing cultural assimilation through such practices as the Mandarin-only policy during the Chinese Cultural Renaissance in Taiwan. Both Taiwan and Mainland China are on the margin of a “metropolitan bank of Shakespeare knowledge” (Orkin, 2005, p. 1), but it is this negotiation of identity that makes the Taiwanese interpretation of Shakespeare much different from that of a Mainlanders’ approach, while they share certain commonalities that inextricably link them. This study thus examines the interrelation between Taiwan and Mainland China operatic cultural forms and how negotiation of their different identities constitutes a singular different Taiwanese Shakespeare from Chinese Shakespeare.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Article
    International Conference on Arts, Design and Contemporary Education (ICADCE 2016) Ancient Emaki "Genesis" Exploration and Practice of Emaki Art Expression Tong Zhang Digital Media and Design Arts College Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing, China 100876 Abstract—The ancient myths and legends with distinctive generation creators such as A Gen, sheep and others, and a Chinese characteristics, refers to myths and legends from dedicated serial picture book magazine "Paint Heart", Chinese Xia Dynasty until ancient times, it carries the origin of "STORY" appears, the delicate picture and vivid story make Chinese culture and it is the foundation of the Chinese nation, it Chinese picture book also developing rapidly and has formed a influence the formation and its characteristics of the national national reading faction craze for outstanding picture books. spirit to a large extent. The study explore and practice the art expression which combines ancient culture with full visual 1) Picture book traced back to ancient Chinese Emaki: impact Emaki form, learn traditional Chinese painting China has experienced a few stages include ancient Emaki, techniques and design elements, and strive to make a perfect illustrated book in Republican period and modern picture performance for the magnificent majestic ancient myth with a books. "Picture book", although the term originated in Japan, long Emaki. It provides a fresh visual experience to the readers and promotes the Chinese traditional culture, with a certain but early traceable picture books is in China. In Heian research value. Kamakura Period Japanese brought Buddhist scriptures (Variable graph), Emaki (Lotus Sutra) and other religious Keywords—ancient myths; Emaki form; Chinese element Scriptures as picture books back to Japan, until the end of Middle Ages Emaki had developed into Nara picture books.
    [Show full text]
  • SSA1208 / GES1005 – Everyday Life of Chinese Singaporeans: Past and Present
    SSA1208 / GES1005 – Everyday Life of Chinese Singaporeans: Past and Present Group Essay Ho Lim Keng Temple Prepared By: Tutorial [D5] Chew Si Hui (A0130382R) Kwek Yee Ying (A0130679Y) Lye Pei Xuan (A0146673X) Soh Rolynn (A0130650W) Submission Date: 31th March 2017 1 Content Page 1. Introduction to Ho Lim Keng Temple 3 2. Exterior & Courtyard 3 3. Second Level 3 4. Interior & Main Hall 4 5. Main Gods 4 6. Secondary Gods 5 7. Our Views 6 8. Experiences Encountered during our Temple Visit 7 9. References 8 10. Appendix 8 2 1. Introduction to Ho Lim Keng Temple Ho Lim Keng Temple is a Taoist temple and is managed by common surname association, Xu (许) Clan. Chinese clan associations are benevolent organizations of popular origin found among overseas Chinese communities for individuals with the same surname. This social practice arose several centuries ago in China. As its old location was acquisited by the government for redevelopment plans, they had moved to a new location on Outram Hill. Under the leadership of 许木泰宗长 and other leaders, along with the clan's enthusiastic response, the clan managed to raise a total of more than $124,000, and attained their fundraising goal for the reconstruction of the temple. Reconstruction works commenced in 1973 and was completed in 1975. Ho Lim Keng Temple was advocated by the Xu Clan in 1961, with a board of directors to manage internal affairs. In 1966, Ho Lim Keng Temple applied to the Registrar of Societies and was approved on February 28, 1967 and then was published in the Government Gazette on March 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Corporate Bond Market Dysfunction During COVID-19 and Lessons
    Hutchins Center Working Paper # 69 O c t o b e r 2 0 2 0 Corporate Bond Market Dysfunction During COVID-19 and Lessons from the Fed’s Response J. Nellie Liang* October 1, 2020 Abstract: Changes in the financial sector since the global financial crisis appear to have increased dramatically the demand for liquidity by holders of corporate bonds beyond the ability of the markets to provide it in stress events. The March market turmoil revealed the costs of liquidity mismatch in open-end bond mutual funds. The surprisingly large redemptions of investment-grade corporate bond funds added to stresses in both the corporate bond and Treasury markets. These conditions led to unprecedented Fed interventions, which significantly reduced risk spreads and improved market functioning, with much of the improvements occurring right after the initial announcement. The improved conditions allowed companies to issue bonds, which helped them to maintain employees and investment spending. The episode suggests several areas for further study and possible reforms. * J. Nellie Liang, Hutchins Center on Fiscal and Monetary Policy, Brookings Institution ([email protected]). I would like to thank Darrell Duffie, Bill English, Anil Kashyap, Donald Kohn, Patrick Parkinson, Jeremy Stein, Adi Sunderam, David Wessel, and Alex Zhou for helpful comments and insights, and Manuel Alcalá Kovalski for excellent research assistance. THIS PAPER IS ONLINE AT https://www.brookings.edu/research/corporate- bond-market-dysfunction-during-covid-19-and- lessons-from-the-feds-response/ 1. Introduction As concerns about the pandemic’s effect on economic activity in early March escalated, asset prices began to move in unusual ways—including the prices of investment-grade corporate bonds.
    [Show full text]
  • Maria Khayutina • [email protected] the Tombs
    Maria Khayutina [email protected] The Tombs of Peng State and Related Questions Paper for the Chicago Bronze Workshop, November 3-7, 2010 (, 1.1.) () The discovery of the Western Zhou period’s Peng State in Heng River Valley in the south of Shanxi Province represents one of the most fascinating archaeological events of the last decade. Ruled by a lineage of Kui (Gui ) surname, Peng, supposedly, was founded by descendants of a group that, to a certain degree, retained autonomy from the Huaxia cultural and political community, dominated by lineages of Zi , Ji and Jiang surnames. Considering Peng’s location right to the south of one of the major Ji states, Jin , and quite close to the eastern residence of Zhou kings, Chengzhou , its case can be very instructive with regard to the construction of the geo-political and cultural space in Early China during the Western Zhou period. Although the publication of the full excavations’ report may take years, some preliminary observations can be made already now based on simplified archaeological reports about the tombs of Peng ruler Cheng and his spouse née Ji of Bi . In the present paper, I briefly introduce the tombs inventory and the inscriptions on the bronzes, and then proceed to discuss the following questions: - How the tombs M1 and M2 at Hengbei can be dated? - What does the equipment of the Hengbei tombs suggest about the cultural roots of Peng? - What can be observed about Peng’s relations to the Gui people and to other Kui/Gui- surnamed lineages? 1. General Information The cemetery of Peng state has been discovered near Hengbei village (Hengshui town, Jiang County, Shanxi ).
    [Show full text]
  • Social and Political Criticisms Embedded in Chinese Myths and Legends
    https://doi.org/10.7592/FEJF2019.75.xiyao SOCIAL AND POLITICAL CRITICISMS EMBEDDED IN CHINESE MYTHS AND LEGENDS HE Xiyao School of English Studies Zhejiang International Studies University Hangzhou, China e-mail: [email protected] Abstract: Chinese myths and legends, as popular cultural products, may be subjected to the analytical methods of cultural studies, which is the approach this study adopts when investigating their complex relationship with Chinese society and history. In particular, the social and political criticisms embedded in these myths and legends are studied, and this is done through exploring the reasons for the prominence of the embedded criticisms in Chinese myths and legends, and sorting out the general trend of their development. The prominence is accounted for by the harsh censorship and the influence of the Chu spirit and Taoism on Chinese culture.1 In the development of these criticisms, four stages are marked, each (cor)responding to the historical circumstances and with its own distinct feature. The study concludes with the historicity of Chinese myths and legends; the criticisms are embedded in them and they, in turn, are embedded in Chinese society and history. Keywords: censorship of culture, Chinese myths and legends, Chu spirit, cultural studies, social and political criticisms, strategies and tactics, Taoism APPROACH ADOPTED IN THIS STUDY Among the various approaches to the study of Chinese mythology – and of mythology in general – an important one that has persisted throughout the last century and has remained influential to this day is to study the complex relationship between mythology and society, i.e., how the two have affected, structured, and shaped each other.
    [Show full text]
  • Chen Gui and Other Works Attributed to Empress Wu Zetian
    chen gui denis twitchett Chen gui and Other Works Attributed to Empress Wu Zetian ome quarter-century ago, studies by Antonino Forte and Richard S Guisso greatly advanced our understanding of the ways in which the empress Wu Zetian ࣳঞ֚ made deliberate and sophisticated use of Buddhist materials both before and after declaring herself ruler of a new Zhou ࡌʳdynasty in 690, in particular the text of Dayun jing Օႆᆖ in establishing her claim to be a legitimate sovereign.1 However, little attention has ever been given to the numerous political writings that had earlier been compiled in her name. These show that for some years before the demise of her husband emperor Gaozong in 683, she had been at considerable pains to establish her credentials as a potential ruler in more conventional terms, and had commissioned the writing of a large series of political writings designed to provide the ideologi- cal basis for both a new style of “Confucian” imperial rule and a new type of minister. All save two of these works were long ago lost in China, where none of her writings seems to have survived the Song, and most may not have survived the Tang. We are fortunate enough to possess that titled ๵ complete with its commentary, and also a fragmentary۝ Chen gui copy of the work on music commissioned in her name, Yue shu yaolu ᑗ ஼૞ᙕ,2 only thanks to their preservation in Japan. They had been ac- quired by an embassy to China, almost certainly that of 702–704, led టԳ (see the concluding section of thisضby Awata no ason Mahito ொ article) to the court of empress Wu, who was at that time sovereign of 1 See Antonino Forte, Political Propaganda and Ideology in China at the End of the Seventh Century (Naples: Istituto Universitario Orientale,1976); R.
    [Show full text]
  • A Dictionary of Chinese Characters: Accessed by Phonetics
    A dictionary of Chinese characters ‘The whole thrust of the work is that it is more helpful to learners of Chinese characters to see them in terms of sound, than in visual terms. It is a radical, provocative and constructive idea.’ Dr Valerie Pellatt, University of Newcastle. By arranging frequently used characters under the phonetic element they have in common, rather than only under their radical, the Dictionary encourages the student to link characters according to their phonetic. The system of cross refer- encing then allows the student to find easily all the characters in the Dictionary which have the same phonetic element, thus helping to fix in the memory the link between a character and its sound and meaning. More controversially, the book aims to alleviate the confusion that similar looking characters can cause by printing them alongside each other. All characters are given in both their traditional and simplified forms. Appendix A clarifies the choice of characters listed while Appendix B provides a list of the radicals with detailed comments on usage. The Dictionary has a full pinyin and radical index. This innovative resource will be an excellent study-aid for students with a basic grasp of Chinese, whether they are studying with a teacher or learning on their own. Dr Stewart Paton was Head of the Department of Languages at Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, from 1976 to 1981. A dictionary of Chinese characters Accessed by phonetics Stewart Paton First published 2008 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, OX14 4RN Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 270 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10016 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2008.
    [Show full text]
  • CHIN 102: BEGINNING CHINESE (Web-Based) SPRING 2021
    CHIN 102: BEGINNING CHINESE (Web-Based) SPRING 2021 INSTRUCTOR Chang, Yufen 张瑜芬 (zhāng yú fēn) Email: [email protected] Office hours: MonDay 11:15am~12:15pm, WeDnesday 10:10am~11:10am, or by appointment Zoom link: https://wku.zoom.us/j/8487135368 TEACHING ASSISTANT/TUTOR Sim, Guan Cherng 沈冠丞 (shěn guàn chéng) Email: [email protected] Zoom link: https://wku.zoom.us/j/4833361863 WEEKLY COURSE STRUCTURE 1. Zoom meeting: 55 minutes with Dr. Chang on Monday (10:20pm ~ 11:15am) If you have a time conflict and cannot make it, please watch the recordeD class meeting on BlackboarD. The video should be available by 2pm on MonDay. 2. Tutoring: 20-minute Zoom tutoring with Mr. Sim Please go to https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/10gwslnlv- ykkARUlCzSzW8FUyWKWaXbJQ7bsncTAk5E/eDit#gid=0 to sign up for your tutorial session. The tutorial session will start in the first week. Note that attending the weekly tutorial session is required and that your attendance is included in the grading system. Every week you will receive a full grade for your tutoring when you attend the session on time. If your absence for the tutoring is unexcused, you then will receive a zero for that week’s tutoring grade. If something unexpected happens and you need to reschedule the tutorial session, please contact Mr. Sim via email as early as you can. 3. Two self-learning lessons available on BlackboarD REQUIRED TEXTS 1. Tao-chung Yao & Yuehua Liu, Integrated Chinese: Textbook, Level One: Part One 2. Tao-chung Yao & Yuehua Liu, Integrated Chinese: Workbook, Level One: Part One COURSE DESCRIPTIONS AND OBJECTIVES This course is designed to introDuce ManDarin Chinese to stuDents who have completely CHIN 101.
    [Show full text]
  • The Later Han Empire (25-220CE) & Its Northwestern Frontier
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2012 Dynamics of Disintegration: The Later Han Empire (25-220CE) & Its Northwestern Frontier Wai Kit Wicky Tse University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Asian History Commons, Asian Studies Commons, and the Military History Commons Recommended Citation Tse, Wai Kit Wicky, "Dynamics of Disintegration: The Later Han Empire (25-220CE) & Its Northwestern Frontier" (2012). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 589. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/589 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/589 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Dynamics of Disintegration: The Later Han Empire (25-220CE) & Its Northwestern Frontier Abstract As a frontier region of the Qin-Han (221BCE-220CE) empire, the northwest was a new territory to the Chinese realm. Until the Later Han (25-220CE) times, some portions of the northwestern region had only been part of imperial soil for one hundred years. Its coalescence into the Chinese empire was a product of long-term expansion and conquest, which arguably defined the egionr 's military nature. Furthermore, in the harsh natural environment of the region, only tough people could survive, and unsurprisingly, the region fostered vigorous warriors. Mixed culture and multi-ethnicity featured prominently in this highly militarized frontier society, which contrasted sharply with the imperial center that promoted unified cultural values and stood in the way of a greater degree of transregional integration. As this project shows, it was the northwesterners who went through a process of political peripheralization during the Later Han times played a harbinger role of the disintegration of the empire and eventually led to the breakdown of the early imperial system in Chinese history.
    [Show full text]
  • The Butterfly Lovers Story in China and Korea
    2RPP Transforming Gender and Emotion 2RPP 2RPP Transforming Gender and Emotion The Butterfly Lovers Story in China and Korea Sookja Cho University of Michigan Press Ann Arbor 2RPP Copyright © 2018 by Sookja Cho All rights reserved This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, including illustrations, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law and except by reviewers for the public press), without written permission from the publisher. Published in the United States of America by the University of Michigan Press Manufactured in the United States of America c Printed on acid-fr ee paper 2021 2020 2019 2018 4 3 2 1 A CIP catalog record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Names: Cho, Sookja, author. Title: Transforming gender and emotion : the Butterfly Lovers story in China and Korea / Sookja Cho. Description: Ann Arbor : University of Michigan Press, [2018] | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2017038272| ISBN 9780472130634 (hardcover : acid-fr ee paper) | ISBN 9780472123452 (e- book) Subjects: LCSH: Liang Shanbo yu Zhu Yingtai. | Folklore—China. | Folklore— Korea. Classification: LCC GR335.4.L53 C46 2018 | DDC 398.20951—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017038272 2RPP Legend says that these [butterflies] are The transformations of the souls of the couple, The red one being Liang Shanbo and the black one being Zhu Yingtai. This kind of butterfly is ubiquitous, Still being called Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai. Feng Menglong (17th- century China) On a hot midsummer day, a little girl is crying, Hiding under the shadow of flowers.
    [Show full text]