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'Xiaohe 1': a New Walnut Cultivar with High Fruit Setting Rate Of
HORTSCIENCE 55(12):2047–2051. 2020. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI15340-20 ing, androgenic type, and high yield, which are similar to the characteristics of ‘Xiaohe 1’. ‘Xiaohe 1’: A New Walnut Cultivar The cultivar Xiaohe 1 presented high- yielding potential despite late-frost incidents with High Fruit Setting Rate of after the initial budding. For example, after a province-wide late-frost incident in 2018, the Secondary Bud Germination after the cultivar Xiaohe 1 showed stronger resistance to below-freezing temperature, a higher fruit set rate after secondary emergence of acces- Harm of Late Frost sory and other buds, and better overall traits Jing Wu, Qi He, Caihong Zhang, and Gui Wang than the control cultivars Liaoning 1 and Shanxi Academy of Forestry Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030012, China Luguang. Additional index words. breeding, late frost hazard, secondary bud germination, walnut Description and Performance The tree stand of ‘Xiaohe 1’ is semi- Walnut (Juglans regia L.), a deciduous the Xinjiang Kashgar region, and in the dwarf, with a spreading growth habit and tree in the Juglandaceae family, is a forest central and southern parts of Shanxi Province moderate growth rate. The height of a 6- tree species that has a long cultivation history it caused freezing damage to walnut trees and year-old tree is four-fifths that of ‘Liaoning and wide distribution in China because of its decimated production in select areas (Liu 1’. The fruit branches are short and thick, economic importance (Pei and Lu, 2011). et al., 2011; Wang et al., 2007). The damage with an average length of 16.4 cm and an China accounts for more than 50% of the caused by late frost in 2013 resulted in average diameter of 0.9 cm. -
Master for Quark6
Special Feature s e v i a t Realisms within Conundrum c n i e h The Personal and Authentic Appeal in Jia Zhangke’s Accented Films (1) p s c r e ESTHER M. K. CHEUNG p With persistent efforts on constructing personal and collective memories arising from the unprecedented transformations in post-socialist China, Jia Zhangke has produced an ensemble of realist films with an impressive personal and authentic appeal. This paper examines how his films are characterised by a variety of accents, images of authenticity, a quotidian ambience, and a new sense of materiality within the local-global nexus. Within a tripartite model of truth, identity, and performance, Jia’s oeuvres demonstrate the powerful performativity of different modes of realism arising out of a state of conundrum when China undergoes a transition from planned economy into wholesale marketisation and globalisation. The appeal of Jia Zhangke’s fined to documentary realism. His films serve to write up a accented cinema history of his generation: rom his first feature Xiao Wu (aka The Pickpocket , I made these films because I wanted to compensate 1997) to 24 City (2008), Jia Zhangke’s films have for what was not fulfilled. I must also emphasise that Fbeen characterised by an impressive personal and au - apart from the realist mode, there are other kinds of thentic appeal. As viewers, in about a decade’s time we have representation that can be called “visual memory”; for observed an ongoing process of the director’s negotiation example, Dali’s surrealist images in the early twentieth with realism as a mode of film representation. -
Imprints FINAL 15Dec2016.Indd
ls ia er at M ed ht ig yr op C : ss re P ity rs ve ni U se Newest Sources of Western Zhou History: ne hi Inscribed Bronze Vessels, 2000–2010 C he T Edward L. SHAUGHNESSY The University of Chicago In 2002, I published a survey of inscribed bronze vessels of the Western Zhou period that had appeared in the course of the preceding decade. timing was appropriate for at least a couple of reasons. First, the 1990s marked the first flowering of the new Chinese economic expansion; with the dramatic increase in construction activity and with newfound wealth in China came a concomitant rise in the number of ancient bronze vessels taken out of China’s earth. Although much of this excavation was unfor- tunately undertaken by tomb robbers, and the individual bronzes thus lost their archaeological context, nevertheless many of them appeared on the antiques markets and eventually made their way into museums and/or the scholarly press. Second, the decade also witnessed the five-year long Xia- Shang-Zhou Chronology Project (1995–2000). This multidisciplinary inquiry into ancient China’s political chronology was funded by the Chinese government at levels hitherto unimagined for humanistic and social science research, and it resulted in numerous discoveries and publi- cations. The chronology of the Western Zhou period, based to a very large extent on the inscriptions in bronze vessels of the period, was perhaps the most important topic explored by this project. The decade witnessed extensive archaeological excavations at several major Zhou states, as well as the discovery of several fully-dated bronze inscriptions that were the subject of much discussion in the context of the “Xia-Shang-Zhou Chro- nology Project.” 1 The sive archaeologicalThe ten years campaigns, that have severaljust passed of them have unearthing brought several sites and more ceme- exten- teries of heretofore unknown states within the Zhou realm, as well as many, many more bronze vessels from throughout the Western Zhou period, some of them with truly 2startling inscriptions. -
Inscriptional Records of the Western Zhou
INSCRIPTIONAL RECORDS OF THE WESTERN ZHOU Robert Eno Fall 2012 Note to Readers The translations in these pages cannot be considered scholarly. They were originally prepared in early 1988, under stringent time pressures, specifically for teaching use that term. Although I modified them sporadically between that time and 2012, my final year of teaching, their purpose as course materials, used in a week-long classroom exercise for undergraduate students in an early China history survey, did not warrant the type of robust academic apparatus that a scholarly edition would have required. Since no broad anthology of translations of bronze inscriptions was generally available, I have, since the late 1990s, made updated versions of this resource available online for use by teachers and students generally. As freely available materials, they may still be of use. However, as specialists have been aware all along, there are many imperfections in these translations, and I want to make sure that readers are aware that there is now a scholarly alternative, published last month: A Source Book of Ancient Chinese Bronze Inscriptions, edited by Constance Cook and Paul Goldin (Berkeley: Society for the Study of Early China, 2016). The “Source Book” includes translations of over one hundred inscriptions, prepared by ten contributors. I have chosen not to revise the materials here in light of this new resource, even in the case of a few items in the “Source Book” that were contributed by me, because a piecemeal revision seemed unhelpful, and I am now too distant from research on Western Zhou bronzes to undertake a more extensive one. -
Title <Translated Article> Western Zhou History in the Collective
<Translated Article> Western Zhou History in the Collective Title Memory of the People of the Western Zhou: An Interpretation of the Inscription of the "Lai pan" Author(s) MATSUI, Yoshinori Citation 東洋史研究 (2008), 66(4): 712-664 Issue Date 2008-03 URL https://doi.org/10.14989/141873 Right Type Journal Article Textversion publisher Kyoto University 712 WESTERN ZHOU HISTORY IN THE COLLECTIVE MEMORY OF THE PEOPLE OF THE WESTERN ZHOU: AN INTERPRETATION OF THE INSCRIPTION OF THE "LAI PAN" MATSUI Y oshinori Introduction On January 19, 2003, twenty-seven bronze pieces were excavated from a hoard at Yangjiacun (Meixian county, Baoji city, Shaanxi province).l All the bronzes, which include twelve ding ~, nine Ii rn, two fanghu 11 if., one pan ~, one he :ii\'t, one yi [ffi, and one yu k, have inscriptions. Among them, the bronzes labeled "Forty-second-year Lai ding" ~ ~ (of which there are two pieces), "Forty-third-year Lai ding" (ten pieces), and "Lai pan" ~~ (one piece) have in scriptions that are particularly long for inscriptions from the Western Zhou period and run respectively to 281, 316 and 372 characters in length. The inscription of the "Lai pan," containing 372 characters, is divided into two parts, the first part is narrated from Lai's point of view but employs the third-person voice, opening with the phrase, "Lai said." The second part records an appointment (ceming :IlJt frJ) ceremony that opens, "The King said." The very exceptional first part records the service of generations of Lai's ancestors to successive Zhou Kings. The inscription mentions eleven former kings, King Wen X3:., King Wu TIk3:., King Cheng JIlG3:., King Kang *3:., King Zhao BR3:., King Mu ~~3:., King Gong *3:., King Yi i~3:., King Xiao ~(~)3:., King Yi 1J$(~)3:., King Li Jj1U (J~)3:. -
Piece Mold, Lost Wax & Composite Casting Techniques of The
Piece Mold, Lost Wax & Composite Casting Techniques of the Chinese Bronze Age Behzad Bavarian and Lisa Reiner Dept. of MSEM College of Engineering and Computer Science September 2006 Table of Contents Abstract Approximate timeline 1 Introduction 2 Bronze Transition from Clay 4 Elemental Analysis of Bronze Alloys 4 Melting Temperature 7 Casting Methods 8 Casting Molds 14 Casting Flaws 21 Lost Wax Method 25 Sanxingdui 28 Environmental Effects on Surface Appearance 32 Conclusion 35 References 36 China can claim a history rich in over 5,000 years of artistic, philosophical and political advancement. As well, it is birthplace to one of the world's oldest and most complex civilizations. By 1100 BC, a high level of artistic and technical skill in bronze casting had been achieved by the Chinese. Bronze artifacts initially were copies of clay objects, but soon evolved into shapes invoking bronze material characteristics. Essentially, the bronze alloys represented in the copper-tin-lead ternary diagram are not easily hot or cold worked and are difficult to shape by hammering, the most common techniques used by the ancient Europeans and Middle Easterners. This did not deter the Chinese, however, for they had demonstrated technical proficiency with hard, thin walled ceramics by the end of the Neolithic period and were able to use these skills to develop a most unusual casting method called the piece mold process. Advances in ceramic technology played an influential role in the progress of Chinese bronze casting where the piece mold process was more of a technological extension than a distinct innovation. Certainly, the long and specialized experience in handling clay was required to form the delicate inscriptions, to properly fit the molds together and to prevent them from cracking during the pour. -
A Multimodal Study of Response Token Dui Dui Dui in Mandarin Conversation
University of Alberta A multimodal study of response token dui dui dui in Mandarin conversation by JIE YANG A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in East Asian Interdisciplinary Studies Department of East Asian Studies ©Jie Yang Fall 2013 Edmonton, Alberta Permission is hereby granted to the University of Alberta Libraries to reproduce single copies of this thesis and to lend or sell such copies for private, scholarly or scientific research purposes only. Where the thesis is converted to, or otherwise made available in digital form, the University of Alberta will advise potential users of the thesis of these terms. The author reserves all other publication and other rights in association with the copyright in the thesis and, except as herein before provided, neither the thesis nor any substantial portion thereof may be printed or otherwise reproduced in any material form whatsoever without the author's prior written permission. Abstract This thesis investigates the response token dui dui dui (right right right) in Mandarin conversation from a multimodal perspective. Two types of dui dui dui are found in the data. The first type serves to display recipient’s affiliation with the speaker’s immediate previous assertion. The second type serves as a confirmation to the recipient’s collaborative completion of the speaker’s turn. The study aims to show how dui dui dui s are produced and interpreted by participants as two different actions in different sequential environments. In addition, it describes the prosodic form of each type of dui dui dui s and body movements accompanying the production of dui dui dui s. -
Chen Gui and Other Works Attributed to Empress Wu Zetian
chen gui denis twitchett Chen gui and Other Works Attributed to Empress Wu Zetian ome quarter-century ago, studies by Antonino Forte and Richard S Guisso greatly advanced our understanding of the ways in which the empress Wu Zetian ࣳঞ֚ made deliberate and sophisticated use of Buddhist materials both before and after declaring herself ruler of a new Zhou ࡌʳdynasty in 690, in particular the text of Dayun jing Օႆᆖ in establishing her claim to be a legitimate sovereign.1 However, little attention has ever been given to the numerous political writings that had earlier been compiled in her name. These show that for some years before the demise of her husband emperor Gaozong in 683, she had been at considerable pains to establish her credentials as a potential ruler in more conventional terms, and had commissioned the writing of a large series of political writings designed to provide the ideologi- cal basis for both a new style of “Confucian” imperial rule and a new type of minister. All save two of these works were long ago lost in China, where none of her writings seems to have survived the Song, and most may not have survived the Tang. We are fortunate enough to possess that titled complete with its commentary, and also a fragmentary Chen gui copy of the work on music commissioned in her name, Yue shu yaolu ᑗ ᙕ,2 only thanks to their preservation in Japan. They had been ac- quired by an embassy to China, almost certainly that of 702–704, led టԳ (see the concluding section of thisضby Awata no ason Mahito ொ article) to the court of empress Wu, who was at that time sovereign of 1 See Antonino Forte, Political Propaganda and Ideology in China at the End of the Seventh Century (Naples: Istituto Universitario Orientale,1976); R. -
Simulation of Mining-Induced Ground Damage Using Orthogonal
applied sciences Article Simulation of Mining-Induced Ground Damage Using Orthogonal Experiments to Determine Key Parameters of Super-Large Coalface: A Case Study in Shendong Coalfield in China Yinfei Cai 1,* , Xiaojing Li 2, Wu Xiao 3,* and Wenkai Zhang 4 1 College of Mining Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China 2 School of Public Administration, Shanxi University of Finance and Economics, Taiyuan 030024, China; [email protected] 3 School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China 4 Institute of land reclamation and ecological restoration, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (Y.C.); [email protected] (W.X.) Received: 29 February 2020; Accepted: 23 March 2020; Published: 26 March 2020 Abstract: High-strength mining of super-large coalfaces in the Shendong coalfield causes significant damage to the ground surface. To study the key parameters of undermined coalfaces that affect ground damage, 25 numerical simulation models were designed using an orthogonal experimental method based on the geological and mining conditions of the Bulianta Mine. In the orthogonal design, four factors (the lengths in both the dip and strike directions, the thickness and the mining speed of the coalface) were considered, with five levels designed for each factor. The subsidence displacements and deformations caused by the excavation were then simulated and verified using field surveying data. A damage extent index (DEI) was introduced and used to assess the extent of global ground damage caused by each simulative excavation. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) method was then employed to determine the key parameters of the coalface that significantly influence the ground damage. -
A Dictionary of Chinese Characters: Accessed by Phonetics
A dictionary of Chinese characters ‘The whole thrust of the work is that it is more helpful to learners of Chinese characters to see them in terms of sound, than in visual terms. It is a radical, provocative and constructive idea.’ Dr Valerie Pellatt, University of Newcastle. By arranging frequently used characters under the phonetic element they have in common, rather than only under their radical, the Dictionary encourages the student to link characters according to their phonetic. The system of cross refer- encing then allows the student to find easily all the characters in the Dictionary which have the same phonetic element, thus helping to fix in the memory the link between a character and its sound and meaning. More controversially, the book aims to alleviate the confusion that similar looking characters can cause by printing them alongside each other. All characters are given in both their traditional and simplified forms. Appendix A clarifies the choice of characters listed while Appendix B provides a list of the radicals with detailed comments on usage. The Dictionary has a full pinyin and radical index. This innovative resource will be an excellent study-aid for students with a basic grasp of Chinese, whether they are studying with a teacher or learning on their own. Dr Stewart Paton was Head of the Department of Languages at Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, from 1976 to 1981. A dictionary of Chinese characters Accessed by phonetics Stewart Paton First published 2008 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, OX14 4RN Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 270 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10016 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2008. -
The Rise of Agricultural Civilization in China: the Disparity Between Archeological Discovery and the Documentary Record and Its Explanation
SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS Number 175 December, 2006 The Rise of Agricultural Civilization in China: The Disparity between Archeological Discovery and the Documentary Record and Its Explanation by Zhou Jixu Center for East Asian Studies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Chinese Department, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan Victor H. Mair, Editor Sino-Platonic Papers Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104-6305 USA [email protected] www.sino-platonic.org SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS is an occasional series edited by Victor H. Mair. The purpose of the series is to make available to specialists and the interested public the results of research that, because of its unconventional or controversial nature, might otherwise go unpublished. The editor actively encourages younger, not yet well established, scholars and independent authors to submit manuscripts for consideration. Contributions in any of the major scholarly languages of the world, including Romanized Modern Standard Mandarin (MSM) and Japanese, are acceptable. In special circumstances, papers written in one of the Sinitic topolects (fangyan) may be considered for publication. Although the chief focus of Sino-Platonic Papers is on the intercultural relations of China with other peoples, challenging and creative studies on a wide variety of philological subjects will be entertained. This series is not the place for safe, sober, and stodgy presentations. Sino-Platonic Papers prefers lively work that, while taking reasonable risks to advance the field, capitalizes on brilliant new insights into the development of civilization. The only style-sheet we honor is that of consistency. Where possible, we prefer the usages of the Journal of Asian Studies. -
Of the Chinese Bronze
READ ONLY/NO DOWNLOAD Ar chaeolo gy of the Archaeology of the Chinese Bronze Age is a synthesis of recent Chinese archaeological work on the second millennium BCE—the period Ch associated with China’s first dynasties and East Asia’s first “states.” With a inese focus on early China’s great metropolitan centers in the Central Plains Archaeology and their hinterlands, this work attempts to contextualize them within Br their wider zones of interaction from the Yangtze to the edge of the onze of the Chinese Bronze Age Mongolian steppe, and from the Yellow Sea to the Tibetan plateau and the Gansu corridor. Analyzing the complexity of early Chinese culture Ag From Erlitou to Anyang history, and the variety and development of its urban formations, e Roderick Campbell explores East Asia’s divergent developmental paths and re-examines its deep past to contribute to a more nuanced understanding of China’s Early Bronze Age. Campbell On the front cover: Zun in the shape of a water buffalo, Huadong Tomb 54 ( image courtesy of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Institute for Archaeology). MONOGRAPH 79 COTSEN INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY PRESS Roderick B. Campbell READ ONLY/NO DOWNLOAD Archaeology of the Chinese Bronze Age From Erlitou to Anyang Roderick B. Campbell READ ONLY/NO DOWNLOAD Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Press Monographs Contributions in Field Research and Current Issues in Archaeological Method and Theory Monograph 78 Monograph 77 Monograph 76 Visions of Tiwanaku Advances in Titicaca Basin The Dead Tell Tales Alexei Vranich and Charles Archaeology–2 María Cecilia Lozada and Stanish (eds.) Alexei Vranich and Abigail R.