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John Stuart Mill’Sworksare by Title, Followed by Volume and Pagenumber of the Collected Works of John Stuart Mill (CW), Edited by J.M Roots of Respect Roots of Respect A Historic-Philosophical Itinerary Edited by Giovanni Giorgini and Elena Irrera An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libra- ries working with Knowledge Unlatched. KU is a collaborative initiative designed to make high quality books Open Access. More information about the initiative can be found at www.knowledgeunlatched.org ISBN 978-3-11-021808-4 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-021809-1 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-021806-2 ISBN 978-3-11-044813-9 ISSN 0179-0986 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-052628-8 e-ISSN 0179-3256 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 License. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 License, For details go to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/. as of February 23, 2017. For details go to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. Bibliografic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliogra- detailed bibliografic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. fie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.dnb.de abrufbar. © 2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston Printing and binding: CPI books GmbH, Leck © 2016 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston ♾ Printed on acid-free paper Druck und Bindung: Duck & Co., Ortsname Printed in Germany ♾ Gedruckt auf säurefreiem Papier Printed in Germany www.degruyter.com www.degruyter.com Preface The last four decades have witnessed aremarkable upsurge of interest in the na- ture of respect.Despite the prominence gained by the principle of respect for per- sons in ethical, political and legal discourse, one of the most largely unexplored issues remains the problem of the historical-philosophicalroots of this notion. In the hope of contributing to filling in this lacuna, the present collection of essays aims to outline and criticallydiscuss some of the most prominent theoretical ex- pressions of the notion of respect in ancient,modernand contemporary times. The idea of writingthis volume came from workingwith Emanuela Ceva (University of Pavia), director of the FIRB Research Project “FeedingRespect”, fundedbythe Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (RBFR107AN0_002).The editors of the volume, members of the research-group set up within the framework of the project,jointlyorganized atwo-day confer- ence entitled Dignity, Respect, and Self-Respect. Ancient, Modern, and Contempo- rary Perspectives,hosted by the University of Bologna in May2014, with the sup- port of the University of Pavia (Department of Social and Political Sciences). The conference, which examined the issue of respect under avariety of approaches (political theory,philosophyofright and the history of philosophy), attracted the attention of alarge number of international scholars and post-graduatestudents. With the help of the other members of the FIRB research-group,the organ- izers selected six papers on respect for persons from the manydelivered at the conference by PhDstudents, research fellows and established academics (in- cludingthe papers writtenbythe editors themselves).The volume also includes three essays by scholars who did not take part in the conference(Rowe, Knoll and Laitinen), but wereinvited to contributebyvirtue of theirexpertise on sub- jects not adequatelytreated from ahistoric-philosophical point of view at the conference itself. It is our pleasure to acknowledge the debts we have contracted as we have been workingonthis collection of essays.Our first debt is to Emanuela Ceva, di- rector of the “Feeding Respect”-FIRB Project,who has stronglyencouraged us to put together this collection of essays and suggested to confine ourselvestoa purelyhistoric-philosophical approach to the issue of respect for persons. We are also grateful to Ian Carter,Corrado del Bo’,FrancescoFerraro, ChiaraTestino and FedericoZuolofor engagingand stimulating discussions on the topics ad- dressed by this volume on the occasion of various meetings organized by the Universities of Pavia and Milan. VI Preface Aspecial thanks goes to GiuseppeSassatelli, director of the Department of History,Cultures and Civilizations in 2014,for his support in the organization of the conference from which the present work takes its origins. Giovanni Giorgini and Elena Irrera Bologna, 17/10/2016 TableofContents Preface V Note on Citations and Abbreviations IX Giovanni Giorgini and Elena Irrera Introduction 1 Giovanni Giorgini and Elena Irrera Recognition: APhilosophical Problem 17 Part I: Respect in Ancient Philosophy Giovanni Giorgini The Notion of RespectinAncient Greek Poetry 41 Christopher J. Rowe Plato on Respect, and What “Belongs to” Oneself 67 Simon Weber Aristotle andRespect forPersons 83 Part II: Respect in Modern Philosophy Elena Irrera Human Interaction in the StateofNature: Hobbes on Respectfor Persons and Self-Respect 109 Christine Bratu The SourceofMoral Motivation and Actions We Owe to Others: Kant’sTheory of Respect 131 Marie Göbel Respect as the Foundation of Human Rights: To What Extent CanThis View Be Attributed to Kant? 149 VIII TableofContents Part III: From Modern to ContemporaryPerspectiveson Respect Arto Laitinen Hegel and Respect for Persons 171 Antis Loizides John StuartMill: Individuality,Dignity,and Respect for Persons 187 Manuel Knoll The Cardinal Role of Respect and Self-Respect for Rawls’sand Walzer’s Theories of Justice 207 List of Contributors 225 Index 227 NoteonCitations andAbbreviations NoteonCitations ReferencestoKant’sworksare to the Akademie-Ausgabe of Kants gesammelteSchriften (AK), edited by the Royal Prussian, subsequently German, then Berlin-BrandenburgAcademy of Sciences(1900ff., Reimer/De Gruyter), citing volume and page numbers,with the exception of the Critique of Pure Reason,which is cited in terms of the A(firstedition)/B (second edition) page numbers. ReferencestoHobbes’sworksare by title, followed by volume and pagenumber of The Complete WorksofThomas Hobbes (EW), edited by Sir William Molesworth (1839–1845, London: J. Bohn). ReferencestoJohn Stuart Mill’sworksare by title, followed by volume and pagenumber of the Collected Works of John Stuart Mill (CW), edited by J.M. Robson (1963–1991, Toronto:University of Toronto Press, London: Routledgeand Kegan Paul). Abbreviations Aeschylus Coephorae: Coeph. Eumenides: Eum. Aeschynes Against Timarchus: ContraTim. Aristotle Constitution of the Athenians: AP Eudemian Ethics: EE MagnaMoralia: MM Metaphysics: Met. Nicomachean Ethics: NE Poetics: Poet. Politics: Pol. Rhetoric: Rhet. Cicero De Finibus: De Fin. De Officiis: Off. X Abbreviations Dêmosthenes (Dem.) Against Philip 3(IX): Phil. 3 Against Meidias(XXI): c. Meid. Hegel Philosophy of Right: PR Herodotus (Hdt.) Hobbes The ElementsofLaw:Natural and Politic: EL De Cive:DC Leviathan: L Homer Iliad: Il. Odyssey: Od. Kant Metaphysics of Morals: MM Metaphysics of Morals Vigilantius: MMV Groundwork of the MetaphysicsofMorals: G Critique of Practical Reason: CPrR Plato Charmides: Charm. HippiasMajor: Hipp. Ma. Lysis: Lys. Parmenides: Parm. Protagoras: Prot. Republic: Rep. Sophist: Soph. Symposium: Symp. Theaetetus: Theaet. Timaeus: Tim. Sophocles Electra: El. Abbreviations XI Xenophon Memorabilia: Mem. Oeconomicus: Oec. Constitution of Lacedaemonians: Resp. Lac. Giovanni Giorgini and ElenaIrrera Introduction If you can see me Ican see you David Bowie In recent years, the notion of “respect” has come to occupy an increasingly im- portant role in contemporary ethical and political theory.More specifically, the idea of equal respect for persons has often been invoked by scholars and poli- cy-makers as aprinciple capable of informingawide array of human interactions in pluralistic societies, especiallythose which, albeit featuring various forms of conflict,appear ultimatelytoberooted in the fundamental values of equality, freedom and dignity.Aconspicuous number of scholarlyattempts in the philos- ophyoflaw,¹ social theory,² ethical theory³ and political philosophy⁴ have shown not onlythat respect represents an appropriateresponse to arich array of prac- tical issues, but also that no application of such an ideal can be neatlyseparated from apreliminary analysis of its theoretical grounds.While, in the areaofcon- temporary political philosophy, agreat deal of attentionhas been devoted to the normative import of the ideal of respect in liberallyoriented political commun- ities,⁵ scant attention has been accorded to its historic-philosophical roots. Such anoticeable lacuna in the field of philosophical studies appears even more lamentable when considered in the light of the possible benefitsthat a treatment of respect across the history of philosophymight produce. These ben- efits willbeevident in connection with at least two aims. First and foremost,a conceptual clarification of the ways in which the notion of respect and its mani- See for instancethe pioneering work of Ronald Dworkin and his attempt to ground lawand right on moral principles. In his theory
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