DOCSLIB.ORG

Ask the Expert

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ask the Expert ASK THE EXPERT Eastern Pine Shoot For the next VA-2 months, or shrubs growing nearby. Most of Moth is a Problem the larvae make straight tunnels these appear as whitish yellow to We are finding an increase in and move downward. They start and later change to a black, pine shoot borers. This appears to later move upward, packing the unsightly crust like mess. Some of be a major problem where people ff ass tightly on both ends of the these range from 6"- 18" in diame- have planted monocultures of white tunnel. Most feeding activities ter. Is there anything we can do to pine or Scotch pine. This is seen are completed by late-June and get rid of this? quite often in commercial grounds. girdle the shoot internally at the -MICHIGAN The terminals of pines turn brown base. Damaged shoots may and bend down like a inverted 'LP. show a typical shepherds crook From your description of the We think it is a problem with east- (inverted 'U'). The larvae make mold like growth on mulch, the ern pine shoot borer. What can be tiny oblong or oval exit holes, problem appears to be caused done for control? drop to the ground and spin by a slime mold. Their sudden -PENNSYLVANIA silken cocoons in the duff. appearance in ornamental beds Within two days they pupate or other areas cause concern to Eastern white pine and and remain dormant until the people. It is not a disease and Scotch pine are favorite trees following spring. This pest has generally is not harmful to for eastern pine shoot borer, one generation per year. nearby plants. It is primarily an Eucosma gloriola. However, Early detection of infested aesthetic problem. It belongs to other pines, as well as, occa- terminals is helpful for manage- the class Myxomycetes, a group sionally, Douglas fir and other ment, although this can be diffi- between bacteria and fungi. conifers, can also be attacked cult. Look for slightly yellowed They have two developmental by this insect. shoots with stunted or retarded stages. The first stage is the Adults of this pest, a small needle growth. In some situa- slimy, often colorful, plas- BALAKRISHNA RAO moth (14-16 mm), are rarely tions, wilting of terminals may modial, mobile stage. Under Manager of Research and seen. Their larvae produce char- be evident. Selective pruning of cool, moist condition it grows Technical Development acteristic straight tunnels, with affected terminals will help man- rapidly. for the Davey Tree Co. frass tightly packed at either age this pest. Pruning should be The second stage of their life Kent, Ohio end. Also look for oval or ob- done early in the season to avoid cycle resembles more closely a long exit holes near the tunnel pest population build-up. Apply fungus by producing fruiting base. This area will be discol- pesticide treatments, Orthene or bodies. In this stage they pro- ored and reddish-brown. Talstar, when eggs hatch and lar- duce lots of spores for dispersal. Understanding their biology vae are entering the shoots and The crust-like ugly 'mess' that will help manage them. The in mid-summer when larvae are you have described is their SEND YOUR borer overwinters as pupa in exiting to pupate. B.t. can also fruiting body. When disturbed QUESTIONS TO: duff under the host tree. Adults be used at the time the eggs are these fruiting structures release emerge about this time when hatching. spores which will be dispersed "Ask the Expert" new candles grow (around late- Read and follow label speci- into the air. Landscape Management 7500 Old Oak Blvd. April or early-May in your fications for best results. Generally, there is no need Cleveland, OH 44130 area). Adults lay yellow, flat to manage saprophytic slime eggs, either one at a time or in An Unpleasant Mess mold growth. However, for Please allow two to three groups, for two to four weeks On the mulch bed once in a aesthetic reasons the slime months for an answer to appear in the magazine. on the new twigs or needle while we find some mold-like molds can be removed by rak- sheaths. After 10 to 15 days, growth. Its appearance is ugly and ing, brushing or scooping with the eggs hatch and the larvae resembles like some animal excre- a shovel and then washing the enter the shoot behind needles, ment or vomit. What is it? What affected area with a jet of boring directly into the pith. causes this? Is it harmful to the tree water. LM .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Effectiveness of Pheromone Mating Disruption for the Ponderosa
    AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Christine G. Niwa for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Entomologypresented on October 24, 1988 Title: Effectiveness of Pheromone Mating Disruption for the Ponderosa Pine Tip Moth, Rhyacionia zozana (Kearfott) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), and its Influence on the Associated Parasite Complex Abstract approved: Redacted for Privacy ____(Garyy,w;Aterman Redacted for Privacy Tim DSchowalter The importance of pheromones in insect control relies both on their ability to reduce pest populations and on their relatively benign effects on nontarget organisms.This study was conducted to test the effectiveness of a pheromone application for mating disruption of the ponderosa pine tip moth, Rhyacionia zozana (Kearfott), and to determine if this treatment had any affect on the abundance or structure of the associated parasite complex. Chemical analyses, electroantennograms, and field bioassays showed that the most abundant pheromone component for R. zozana was E-9-dodecenyl acetate with a lesser amount of E-9-dodecenol also present. Acetate/alcohol ratios averaged 70:30 in gland washes; male moths were most attracted to sticky traps with synthetic baits containing ratios ranging from 70:30 to 95:5. Sixteen hymenopteran and one dipteran species of parasites were recovered from R. zozana larvae and pupae collected in Calif. and Oreg. Total percentage parasitism was high, averaging 47.2%. The ichneumonid, Glypta zozanae Walley and Barron, was the most abundant parasite, attacking over 30% of the hosts collected. Mastrus aciculatus (Provancher) was second in abundance, accounting for less than 4% parasitism. Hercon laminated-tape dispensers containing synthetic sex pheromone (a 95:5 mixture of E-9-dodecenyl acetate and E-9-dodecenol) were manually applied on 57 ha of ponderosa pine plantations in southern Oreg.
    [Show full text]
  • Section 2. Jack Pine (Pinus Banksiana)
    SECTION 2. JACK PINE - 57 Section 2. Jack pine (Pinus banksiana) 1. Taxonomy and use 1.1. Taxonomy The largest genus in the family Pinaceae, Pinus L., which consists of about 110 pine species, occurs naturally through much of the Northern Hemisphere, from the far north to the cooler montane tropics (Peterson, 1980; Richardson, 1998). Two subgenera are usually recognised: hard pines (generally with much resin, wood close-grained, sheath of a leaf fascicle persistent, two fibrovascular bundles per needle — the diploxylon pines); and soft, or white pines (generally little resin, wood coarse-grained, sheath sheds early, one fibrovascular bundle in a needle — the haploxylon pines). These subgenera are called respectively subg. Pinus and subg. Strobus (Little and Critchfield, 1969; Price et al., 1998). Occasionally, one to about half the species (20 spp.) in subg. Strobus are classified instead in a variable subg. Ducampopinus. Jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) and its close relative lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. Ex Loud.) are in subg. Pinus, subsection Contortae, which is classified either in section Trifoliis or a larger section Pinus (Little and Critchfield, 1969; Price et al., 1998). Additionally, subsect. Contortae usually includes Virginia pine (P. virginiana) and sand pine (P. clausa), which are in southeastern USA. Jack pine has two quite short (2-5 cm) stiff needles per fascicle (cluster) and lopsided (asymmetric) cones that curve toward the branch tip, and the cone scales often have a tiny prickle at each tip (Kral, 1993). Non-taxonomic ecological or biological variants of jack pine have been described, including dwarf, pendulous, and prostrate forms, having variegated needle colouration, and with unusual branching habits (Rudolph and Yeatman, 1982).
    [Show full text]
  • Pheromone-Based Disruption of Eucosma Sonomana and Rhyacionia Zozana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Using Aerially Applied Microencapsulated Pheromone1
    361 Pheromone-based disruption of Eucosma sonomana and Rhyacionia zozana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) using aerially applied microencapsulated pheromone1 Nancy E. Gillette, John D. Stein, Donald R. Owen, Jeffrey N. Webster, and Sylvia R. Mori Abstract: Two aerial applications of microencapsulated pheromone were conducted on five 20.2 ha plots to disrupt western pine shoot borer (Eucosma sonomana Kearfott) and ponderosa pine tip moth (Rhyacionia zozana (Kearfott); Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) orientation to pheromones and oviposition in ponderosa pine plantations in 2002 and 2004. The first application was made at 29.6 g active ingredient (AI)/ha, and the second at 59.3 g AI/ha. Baited sentinel traps were used to assess disruption of orientation by both moth species toward pheromones, and E. sonomana infes- tation levels were tallied from 2001 to 2004. Treatments disrupted orientation by both species for several weeks, with the first lasting 35 days and the second for 75 days. Both applications reduced infestation by E. sonomana,but the lower application rate provided greater absolute reduction, perhaps because prior infestation levels were higher in 2002 than in 2004. Infestations in treated plots were reduced by two-thirds in both years, suggesting that while increas- ing the application rate may prolong disruption, it may not provide greater proportional efficacy in terms of tree pro- tection. The incidence of infestations even in plots with complete disruption suggests that treatments missed some early emerging females or that mated females immigrated into treated plots; thus operational testing should be timed earlier in the season and should comprise much larger plots. In both years, moths emerged earlier than reported pre- viously, indicating that disruption programs should account for warmer climates in timing of applications.
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomic Groups of Insects, Mites and Spiders
    List Supplemental Information Content Taxonomic Groups of Insects, Mites and Spiders Pests of trees and shrubs Class Arachnida, Spiders and mites elm bark beetle, smaller European Scolytus multistriatus Order Acari, Mites and ticks elm bark beetle, native Hylurgopinus rufipes pine bark engraver, Ips pini Family Eriophyidae, Leaf vagrant, gall, erinea, rust, or pine shoot beetle, Tomicus piniperda eriophyid mites ash flower gall mite, Aceria fraxiniflora Order Hemiptera, True bugs, aphids, and scales elm eriophyid mite, Aceria parulmi Family Adelgidae, Pine and spruce aphids eriophyid mites, several species Cooley spruce gall adelgid, Adelges cooleyi hemlock rust mite, Nalepella tsugifoliae Eastern spruce gall adelgid, Adelges abietis maple spindlegall mite, Vasates aceriscrumena hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae maple velvet erineum gall, several species pine bark adelgid, Pineus strobi Family Tarsonemidae, Cyclamen and tarsonemid mites Family Aphididae, Aphids cyclamen mite, Phytonemus pallidus balsam twig aphid, Mindarus abietinus Family Tetranychidae, Freeranging, spider mites, honeysuckle witches’ broom aphid, tetranychid mites Hyadaphis tataricae boxwood spider mite, Eurytetranychus buxi white pine aphid, Cinara strobi clover mite, Bryobia praetiosa woolly alder aphid, Paraprociphilus tessellatus European red mite, Panonychus ulmi woolly apple aphid, Eriosoma lanigerum honeylocust spider mite, Eotetranychus multidigituli Family Cercopidae, Froghoppers or spittlebugs spruce spider mite, Oligonychus ununguis spittlebugs, several
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Variation in Resistance of Scotch Pine to Zimmerman Pine Moth
    The Great Lakes Entomologist Volume 8 Number 4 - Winter 1975 Number 4 - Winter Article 8 1975 December 1975 Genetic Variation in Resistance of Scotch Pine to Zimmerman Pine Moth Jonathan W. Wright Louis F. Wilson USDA Forest Service John N. Bright Michigan State University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation Wright, Jonathan W.; Wilson, Louis F.; and Bright, John N. 1975. "Genetic Variation in Resistance of Scotch Pine to Zimmerman Pine Moth," The Great Lakes Entomologist, vol 8 (4) Available at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol8/iss4/8 This Peer-Review Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Biology at ValpoScholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Great Lakes Entomologist by an authorized administrator of ValpoScholar. For more information, please contact a ValpoScholar staff member at [email protected]. Wright et al.: Genetic Variation in Resistance of Scotch Pine to Zimmerman Pine THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST GENETIC VARIATION IN RESISTANCE OF SCOTCH PlNE TO ZIMMERMAN PlNE MOTH1 Jonathan W. Wright, Louis F. Wilson and John N. ~ri~ht~ Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), a forest tree introduced from Eurasia, is commonly planted for Christmas tree and timber use in northeastern United States. In this country it has numerous insect enemies. Among the most important are European pine shoot moth, Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiffermiieller); pine root collar weevil, Hylobius radicis Buchanan;,European pine sawfly, Neodiprion sertifer (Geoffroy); and eastern white-pine shoot borer, Eucosma gloriola Heinrich. Previous studies (Wright et al., 1967; Wright and Wilson, 1972; Steiner, 1974) have revealed large genetic differences in resistance to some of these pests.
    [Show full text]
  • Pinus Strobus Lm Eastern White Pine Pinaceae Pine Family G
    Pinus strobus Lm Eastern White Pine Pinaceae Pine family G. W. Wendel and H. Clay Smith Eastern white pine (Pinus strobus), also called transpiration is between 430 and 710 mm (17 and 28 northern white pine, is one of the most valuable trees in), of which 56 to 68 percent occurs in the warm in eastern North America. Before the arrival of white season. There is a moisture surplus in all seasons. men, virgin stands contained an estimated 3.4 billion Average depth of frost penetration ranges from m3 (600 billion fbm) of lumber. By the late 1800’s about 25 cm (10 in) in the southern Appalachians to most of those vast stands had been logged. Because more than 178 cm (70 in) in parts of central and it is among the more rapid growing northern forest northern Minnesota. Average annual snowfall ranges conifers, it is an excellent tree for reforestation from 13 cm (5 in) in northern Georgia to more than projects, landscaping, and Christmas trees and has 254 cm (100 in) in New England and southern the distinction of having been one of the more widely Canada (51). planted American trees. Soils and Topography Habitat The major soil orders found in the white pine Native Range range are Inceptisols, Ultisols, Spodosols, Entisols, and Alfisols (14,50,66). In New England the impor- Eastern white pine (fig. 1) is found across southern tant subgroups are excessively drained or somewhat Canada from Newfoundland, Anticosti Island, and excessively drained sandy deposits or stratified sand Gasp6 peninsula of Quebec; west to central and and gravel deposits.
    [Show full text]
  • Sirex Science Advisory Panel Report January 9 & 10, 2006
    Sirex Science Advisory Panel Report January 9 & 10, 2006 Annapolis, MD 1 Members Robin Bedding – CSIRO Australia Dave Lance – USDA-APHIS-PPQ Angus Carnegie – NSW DPI, Australia Vic Mastro (chair) – USDA-APHIS-PPQ Peter de Groot, CFS Richard Reardon – USDA-FS Kevin Dodds – USDA-FS-FHP Don Rogers – NC Div. of Forest Resources Rene Germain - SUNY-ESF Nathan Schiff – USDA-FS Fred Hain – NC State Jim Tumlinson – Penn State Dennis Haugen – USDA-FS-FHP Dave Williams – USDA-APHIS-PPQ Edson T. Iede, Embrapa Florestas, Brazil 1 See Appendix 2 for C.V.s of SAP members Sirex Science Advisory Panel 10 January, 2006 Panel Recommendations to Sirex Management Team A Sirex noctilio female was found in a trap placed for exotic bark beetle in Fulton, NJ on September 7 of 2004 and identified in February of 2005. Since that time, through visual and trap-based surveys, an established population has been found in the area around Oswego and Fulton, NY. Trap catches indicate that the population may extend at least 46 miles southeast of Oswego. A total of 85 females were captured in NY. In addition, trap surveys in Canada, along the north shore of Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence River, captured five additional females. One of these was captured as far east as the town of Prescott (Proviena). Sirex noctilio is native to EurAsian and only has become a primary pest of Pinus species when it was accidentally introduced into areas where pines are being commercially grown. It is now known to occur in New Zealand, Australia, South Africa, Brazil, Chili, and Argentina.
    [Show full text]
  • Pine Shoot Borer
    www.arborlawn.com 1-800-331-1746 At ArborLawn, one of our primary goals is to further the knowledge of our customers. This information will give you a better understanding of the needs of your trees so you will be able to make more informed decisions regarding their care. PINE SHOOT BORER European Pine Shoot Moth European pine shoot moth (Rhyacionia buoliana) is an important pest of pines. It was originally imported on nursery stock from central Europe around 1914. The moth moved westward from Long Island, New York and by early 1950s it was widespread in North America. Damage is done by larvae that bore in shoot and bud tissue. Attacks frequently occur in young trees. Killed terminals cause bushy growth that may render nursery plants unmarketable or landscape plants unattractive. All pines are attacked but two-needle pines such as lodgepole, mugo, and Scotch pine appear to be especially susceptible. Pines also may differ in their ability to recover from damage by this insect. Adults emerge in early summer. The exact date depends on spring temperatures. Warm spring temperatures permit an earlier emergence whereas a relatively cool spring delays the emergence flight. Female moths lay eggs on host pines that may be scattered over a large area. In other words, EPSM is a relatively strong flier and can therefore effectively disperse its eggs. Eggs hatch in one to two weeks at which time the new larvae begin feeding. Needles are mined first, and then buds. Larvae spend the winter under a resin/silk shelter or in buds. The following spring, larvae migrate upward and feed on new buds or expanding shoots.
    [Show full text]
  • Seed Source-Related Eastern Pineshoot Borer Incidence in Jack Pine
    Seed source-related eastern pineshoot borer incidence in jack pine Plant Geneticist North Central Forest Experiment Station USDA Forest Service Institute of Forest Genetics Rhinelander, Wisconsin (Received October / November 1978) Summary Life History Variation among 90 ja& pine seed sources in incidence of BUTCHER and HODSON(1949), D~ooz(1960), and WILSON eastern pineshmt borer was evaluated in 1966 (age 5) in a (1972) have described the life history of the eastern pine- short-term nursery test and yearly from 1970 to 1973 (age shoot borer. Adults elmerge sooin after shoot elongation be- 9-12) in a field test in northern Wiscmsin. There were gins in late April to mid-May, depending on lucality. After cignificant differences among sources in shoot borer inci- mating, the female usually deposits a single egg oa a needle dence at all ages. sheath on each of several new shoots. Within 2 weeks the The results frolm this study show that eastern pineshoot larva emerges and bores into the shoot behind a needle borer incidence in jack pine is under strong genetic control. fascicle, or occasionally behind a coae or bark scale along Variation among sources in borer incidence was signi- the shmt. The larva mines downward in the pith to a point ficantly correlated with variation in total height. But co- 1 to 3 inches above the base uf the current year's shoot. variance analysis showed that variatiun in borer incidence Usually by mid-June the larva reverses direction in the could not be entirely attributed to differences among shoolt and begins to mine upward.
    [Show full text]
  • Eastern Pine Shoot Borer Eucosma Gloriola Order Lepidoptera, Family Tortricidae; Leaf Rollers Native Pest
    Pests of Trees and Shrubs Eastern pine shoot borer Eucosma gloriola Order Lepidoptera, Family Tortricidae; leaf rollers Native pest Host plants: Austrian, jack, red, Scotch, Swiss mountain and white pines Description: Adults have a wingspan of 14–15 mm. They are coppery red with two shining gray bands on the forewings. Larvae can reach 13 mm in length and are off- white with dark heads. Life history: Adult moths begin to fly in May and lay eggs that hatch later in the month. Larvae bore into the shoot where they remain until mid July when they leave to Tree shoot damage on Scotch pine in midsummer caused by the pupate in the soil. There is one generation a year. Eastern pine shoot borer. (81) Photo: Steve Katovich, USDA Forest Service Overwintering: Pupae in the soil. Damage symptoms: While larvae are feeding, tree shoots start to flag. Smaller infested shoots look reddish. Old damaged shoots are filled with frass and bend 20 cm from the tip. An oval exit hole is diagnostic. Trees that are repeatedly infested become bushy. Monitoring: Look for damage from old infestations in the fall and winter (bent, brown shoots with an oval exit hole). Look for exit holes during June and July, when larvae bore out of the shoot and fall to the ground to pupate. Break open damaged shoots to be sure a shoot borer is causing the damage. Physical control: Prune borer-infested shoots. Chemical control: Spray with bifenthrin in May to control larvae before they bore into shoots. Broken shoots on jack pine in late summer caused by the Biological control: This borer is parasitized by 5 species Eastern pine shoot borer.
    [Show full text]
  • Fsveg Data Dictionary
    FSVeg DATA DICTIONARY SECTION II: REFERENCE TABLES February 2014 Reference Tables FSVeg Data Dictionary TABLE OF CONTENTS Reference Tables Page NRV_COUNTIES...................................................................................................................................... DD/RT-3 NRV_COVER_LAYERS .........................................................................................................................DD/RT-31 NRV_COVER_REFERENCES .............................................................................................................DD/RT-32 NRV_DATUM_CODES .........................................................................................................................DD/RT-41 NRV_DISTURBANCE_AGENTS ........................................................................................................DD/RT-42 NRV_DISTURBANCE_CATEGORIES ..............................................................................................DD/RT-60 NRV_EV_COVER_TYPES ....................................................................................................................DD/RT-61 NRV_EXAM_PURPOSE_CODES ........................................................................................................DD/RT-94 NRV_FUEL_MODELS ...........................................................................................................................DD/RT-96 NRV_FUEL_PHOTOS .......................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • A Preliminary List of the Leaf-Roller Moths (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) of Virginia
    Banisteria, Number 38, pages 3-37 © 2011 Virginia Natural History Society A Preliminary List of the Leaf-roller Moths (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) of Virginia Winnie H.Y. Lam Department of Biological Sciences CW 405 Biological Sciences Building University of Alberta Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9 (email: [email protected]) Jadranka Rota1 Department of Entomology National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA John W. Brown2 Systematic Entomology Laboratory U.S. Department of Agriculture, A.R.S. National Museum of Natural History P.O. Box 37012, MRC 168 Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA (email: [email protected]) ABSTRACT The microlepidopteran fauna of Virginia is poorly documented. We present an annotated checklist of 301 species of leaf-roller moths (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) recorded from the state based on the examination of 4,207 pinned specimens deposited in institutional or university collections; the specimen database from the Essig Museum of Entomology, University of California, Berkeley (122 specimen records); and literature records. County distribution, capture dates, and host plants are presented for each species. The geographic coverage of the material examined is highly uneven, with most specimens (60%) from Fairfax County (200 species). The poor state of knowledge of the Virginia tortricid fauna is demonstrated by the lack of records for nearly one-fifth of all counties and large independent cities. Much more collecting by both amateur and professional lepidopterists, as well as a review of additional existing collections, is needed before a general understanding of the geographic and temporal distribution of Virginia’s tortricid fauna will begin to emerge.
    [Show full text]