Tetradecane | C14H30 - Pubchem

6/10/2020 Tetradecane | C14H30 - PubChem

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COMPOUND SUMMARY Tetradecane

PubChem CID: 12389

Structure:

2D 3D

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Chemical Safety: Health Hazard Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary (LCSS) Datasheet

Molecular Formula: C14H30

Tetradecane 629-59-4 N-TETRADECANE Synonyms: Alkanes, C14-16 Tridecane, methyl-

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Molecular Weight: 198.39 g/mol

Modify: Create: Dates: 2020-06-06 2004-09-16

Tetradecane is a straight chain alkane consisting of 14 carbon atoms. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a volatile oil component.

ChEBI

N-tetradecane is a colorless liquid. Must be preheated before ignition can occur. (NTP, 1992)

CAMEO Chemicals

Tetradecane belongs to the family of Acyclic Alkanes. These are acyclic hydrocarbons consisting only of n carbon atoms and m hydrogen atoms where m=2*n + 2.

Human Metabolome Database (HMDB)

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11 Safety and Hazards

11.1 Hazards Identiﬁcation

11.1.1 GHS Classiﬁcation

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Pictogram(s)

Health Hazard

Signal Danger

Aggregated GHS information provided by 45 companies from 4 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria by 23 of 45 companies. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website Of the 3 notification(s) provided by 22 of 45 companies with hazard statement code(s): GHS Hazard Statements H304 (100%): May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways [Danger Aspiration hazard] Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown.

Precautionary Statement P301+P310, P331, P405, and P501 Codes (The corresponding statement to each P-code can be found at the GHS Classiﬁcation page.)

European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)

11.1.2 Hazard Classes and Categories

Asp. Tox. 1 (100%)

European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)

Asp. Tox. 1 (99.88%)

European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)

11.1.3 NFPA Hazard Classiﬁcation

1 1 0 NFPA 704 Diamond

1-1-0

NFPA Health Rating 1 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause signiﬁcant irritation.

1 - Materials that must be preheated before ignition can occur. Materials require considerable preheating, under all NFPA Fire Rating ambient temperature conditions, before ignition and combustion can occur.

NFPA Instability Rating 0 - Materials that in themselves are normally stable, even under ﬁre conditions.

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

11.1.4 Health Hazards

ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: Explosion hazard: Moderate, in the form of vapor when exposed. (NTP, 1992) National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.

CAMEO Chemicals

11.1.5 Fire Potential https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/12389 29/60 6/10/2020 Tetradecane | C14H30 - PubChem

Combustible when exposed to heat or ﬂame. Lewis, R.J. Sr. (ed) Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 11th Edition. Wiley-Interscience, Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ. 2004., p. 3384

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

11.1.6 Skin, Eye, and Respiratory Irritations

Vapor or mist is irritating to the eyes, mucous membranes, and upper respiratory tract. It causes skin irritation. Bingham, E.; Cohrssen, B.; Powell, C.H.; Patty's Toxicology Volumes 1-9 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, N.Y. (2001)., p. V4 67

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

11.2 Safety and Hazard Properties

11.2.1 Flammable Limits

Lower limit by volume: 0.5%. National Fire Protection Association; Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 14TH Edition, Quincy, MA 2010, p. 325-105

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

11.2.2 Critical Temperature & Pressure

Critical temperature: 693 deg K; critical pressure: 1.56 MPa Haynes, W.M. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 95th Edition. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton: FL 2014-2015, p. 6-72

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

11.2.3 Explosive Limits and Potential

Moderate explosion hazard in the form of vapor when exposed to heat or ﬂame. Lewis, R.J. Sr. (ed) Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 11th Edition. Wiley-Interscience, Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ. 2004., p. 3384

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

11.3 First Aid Measures

11.3.1 First Aid

EYES: Check for contact lenses and remove them at once if present. You should then immediately flush eyes with water from any source for 15 minutes. Do not use oil or ointment in eyes. Arrange immediate transportation to a medical facility. SKIN: You should remove all contaminated clothing and flood skin with water. Wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms persist or develop, seek medical attention. INHALATION: If any of your personnel should inhale this substance you should remove them immediately to open air. If symptoms develop, seek medical attention. INGESTION: If the exposed person is convulsing or unconscious, you should not attempt first aid. Transport immediately to a hospital emergency room or poison control center. If the victim is conscious, administer large volumes of liquid then immediately induce vomiting. Transport at once to a medical facility. (NTP, 1992) National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.

CAMEO Chemicals

11.4 Fire Fighting

To extinguish a ﬁre involving this chemical you may use a dry chemical, carbon dioxide, foam or halon extinguisher; a water spray may also be used. (NTP, 1992) National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/12389 30/60 6/10/2020 Tetradecane | C14H30 - PubChem

CAMEO Chemicals

11.4.1 Fire Fighting Procedures

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Tetradecane. Product Number: 172456, Version 3.8 (Revision Date 09/11/2015). Available from, as of November 4, 2015: http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary. Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Tetradecane. Product Number: 172456, Version 3.8 (Revision Date 09/11/2015). Available from, as of November 4, 2015: http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

To ﬁght ﬁre, use foam, carbon dioxide, dry chemical. Lewis, R.J. Sr. (ed) Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 11th Edition. Wiley-Interscience, Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ. 2004., p. 3384

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

11.5 Accidental Release Measures

11.5.1 Cleanup Methods

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas.; Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains.; Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal. Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Tetradecane. Product Number: 172456, Version 3.8 (Revision Date 09/11/2015). Available from, as of November 4, 2015: http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

11.5.2 Disposal Methods

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; eﬀects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

Product: Oﬀer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product. Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Tetradecane. Product Number: 172456, Version 3.8 (Revision Date 09/11/2015). Available from, as of November 4, 2015: http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

11.5.3 Preventive Measures

Precautions for safe handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of vapor or mist. Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Tetradecane. Product Number: 172456, Version 3.8 (Revision Date 09/11/2015). Available from, as of November 4, 2015: http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

Appropriate engineering controls: Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday. Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Tetradecane. Product Number: 172456, Version 3.8 (Revision Date 09/11/2015). Available from, as of November 4, 2015: http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/12389 31/60 6/10/2020 Tetradecane | C14H30 - PubChem

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands. Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Tetradecane. Product Number: 172456, Version 3.8 (Revision Date 09/11/2015). Available from, as of November 4, 2015: http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

11.6 Handling and Storage

11.6.1 Nonﬁre Spill Response

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Your contaminated clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with alcohol followed by washing with a strong soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Oﬃcer (or other responsible person) has veriﬁed that the area has been properly cleaned. STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this material in a refrigerator. (NTP, 1992) National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.

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11.6.2 Storage Conditions

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage. Storage class (TRGS 510): Combustible liquids. Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Tetradecane. Product Number: 172456, Version 3.8 (Revision Date 09/11/2015). Available from, as of November 4, 2015: http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

11.7 Exposure Control and Personal Protection

11.7.1 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: When working with this chemical, you should wear a full-face cartridge respirator equipped with combination organic vapor and particulate cartridges. Alternately, you may wear splash goggles and a half-face respirator equipped with combination organic vapor and particulate cartridges. RECOMMENDED GLOVE MATERIALS: Permeation data indicate that butyl rubber gloves may provide protection to contact with this compound. Butyl rubber over latex gloves is recommended. However, if this chemical makes direct contact with your gloves, or if a tear, hole or puncture develops, remove them at once. (NTP, 1992) National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.

CAMEO Chemicals

Eye/face protection: Face shield and safety glasses. Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU). Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Tetradecane. Product Number: 172456, Version 3.8 (Revision Date 09/11/2015). Available from, as of November 4, 2015: http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

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Skin protection: Handle with gloves. Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Tetradecane. Product Number: 172456, Version 3.8 (Revision Date 09/11/2015). Available from, as of November 4, 2015: http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

Body Protection: Complete suit protecting against chemicals. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the speciﬁc workplace. Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Tetradecane. Product Number: 172456, Version 3.8 (Revision Date 09/11/2015). Available from, as of November 4, 2015: http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face respirator with multipurpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU). Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Tetradecane. Product Number: 172456, Version 3.8 (Revision Date 09/11/2015). Available from, as of November 4, 2015: http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

11.8 Stability and Reactivity

11.8.1 Air and Water Reactions

Insoluble in water.

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11.8.2 Reactive Group

Hydrocarbons, Aliphatic Saturated

CAMEO Chemicals

11.8.3 Reactivity Proﬁle

Saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as N-TETRADECANE, may be incompatible with strong oxidizing agents like nitric acid. Charring of the hydrocarbon may occur followed by ignition of unreacted hydrocarbon and other nearby combustibles. In other settings, aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons are mostly unreactive. They are not aﬀected by aqueous solutions of acids, alkalis, most oxidizing agents, and most reducing agents. When heated suﬃciently or when ignited in the presence of air, oxygen or strong oxidizing agents, they burn exothermically to produce carbon dioxide and water.

CAMEO Chemicals

11.8.4 Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities

Incompatible materials: Strong oxidizing agents. Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Tetradecane. Product Number: 172456, Version 3.8 (Revision Date 09/11/2015). Available from, as of November 4, 2015: http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

Can react with oxidizing materials. Lewis, R.J. Sr. (ed) Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 11th Edition. Wiley-Interscience, Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ. 2004., p. 3384

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

11.9 Other Safety Information

11.9.1 Toxic Combustion Products https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/12389 33/60 6/10/2020 Tetradecane | C14H30 - PubChem

Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture: Carbon oxides Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Tetradecane. Product Number: 172456, Version 3.8 (Revision Date 09/11/2015). Available from, as of November 4, 2015: http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

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12 Toxicity

12.1 Toxicological Information

12.1.1 Acute Effects

ChemIDplus

12.1.2 Interactions

... The present study is an ongoing approach to assess the dose-related percutaneous absorption of a number of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. The first treatment (1X) was comprised of mixtures containing undecane (4.1%), dodecane (4.7%), tridecane (4.4%), tetradecane (3%), pentadecane (1.6%), naphthalene (1.1%), and dimethyl naphthalene (1.3% of jet fuels) in hexadecane solvent using porcine skin flow through diffusion cell. Other treatments (n = 4 cells) were 2X and 5X concentrations. Perfusate samples were analyzed with gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) using head space solid phase micro-extraction fiber technique. We have standardized the assay to have a good linear correlation for all the tested components in media standards. Absorption parameters including diffusivity, permeability, steady state flux, and percent dose absorbed were estimated for all the tested hydrocarbons. This approach provides a baseline to access component interactions among themselves and with the diluent (solvents). A quantitative structure permeability relationship (QSPR) model was derived to predict the permeability of unknown jet fuel hydrocarbons in this solvent system by using their physicochemical parameters. Our findings suggested a dose related increase in absorption for naphthalene and dimethyl naphthalene (DMN). PMID:20021142 Muhammad F et al; Toxicol Mech Methods 14(3):159-66 (2004)

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

Tetradecane enhances the mitogenic response of murine spleen lymphocytes to the lectin phytohemagglutinin. Bingham, E.; Cohrssen, B.; Powell, C.H.; Patty's Toxicology Volumes 1-9 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, N.Y. (2001)., p. V4 67

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

Linear alkanes of speciﬁc chain length enhanced diﬀerentially the mitogenic response of murine spleen lymphocytes to the lectin phytohemagglutinin. A biphasic structure-function relationship was found, with maximum comitogenic activity occurring for tetradecane. Baxter CS et al; Teratog, Carcinog, Mutagen 1 (4): 345 (1981)

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

12.1.3 Toxicity Summary

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: N-Tetradecane is a colorless liquid. It is used in organic synthesis, also as solvent standardized hydrocarbon, and as distillation chaser. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: During industrial use, tetradecane may be harmful by inhalation, ingestion, or skin absorption. ANIMAL STUDIES: Tetradecane administered topically in a rabbit model caused a marked hyperplasia of sebaseous glands, epidermis, and follicular epithelium. Intravenous injection in mice was lethal at 5800 mg/kg. Animals https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/12389 35/60 6/10/2020 Tetradecane | C14H30 - PubChem presented altered sleep time, including change in righting reﬂex. Tetradecane, when aspired into the lungs, is an asphyxiant similar to the C6-C10 alkanes. These alkanes cause death more slowly and can cause chemical pneumonitis. Tetradecane was a carcinogen and tumor promoter in two-stage experiments of benzo[a]pyrene carcinogenicity in mice. Tetradecane enhances the mitogenic response of murine spleen lymphocytes to the lectin phytohemagglutinin.

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

12.1.4 Antidote and Emergency Treatment

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/ Currance, P.L. Clements, B., Bronstein, A.C. (Eds).; Emergency Care For Hazardous Materials Exposure. 3rd revised edition, Elsevier Mosby, St. Louis, MO 2007, p. 241

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat as necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . Treat frostbite with rapid rewarming techniques ... . /Aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/ Currance, P.L. Clements, B., Bronstein, A.C. (Eds).; Emergency Care For Hazardous Materials Exposure. 3rd revised edition, Elsevier Mosby, St. Louis, MO 2007, p. 241-2

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orortracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) or lorazepam (Ativan) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/ Currance, P.L. Clements, B., Bronstein, A.C. (Eds).; Emergency Care For Hazardous Materials Exposure. 3rd revised edition, Elsevier Mosby, St. Louis, MO 2007, p. 242

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

Emergency and supportive measures. 1. General. Provide basic supportive care for all symptomatic patients. Maintain an open airway and assist ventilation if necessary. Administer supplemental oxygen. Monitor arterial blood gases or oximetry, chest radiographs, and ECG and admit symptomatic patients to an intensive care setting. Use epinephrine and other beta-adrenergic medications with caution in patients with signiﬁcant hydrocarbon intoxication because arrhythmias may be induced. 2. Pulmonary aspiration. Patients who remain completely asymptomatic after 4-6 hours of observation may be discharged. In contrast, if the patient is coughing on arrival, aspiration probably has occurred. Administer supplemental oxygen and treat bronchospasm and hypoxia if they occur. Do not use steroids or prophylactic antibiotics. 3. Ingestion. In the vast majority of accidental childhood ingestions, less than 5-10 mL is actually swallowed and systemic toxicity is rare. Treatment is primarily supportive. Injection. For injections into the ﬁngertip or hand, especially those involving a high-pressure paint gun, consult with a plastic or hand surgeon immediately, as prompt wide exposure, irrigation, and debridement are often required. /Hydrocarbons/ OLSON, K.R. (Ed). Poisoning and Drug Overdose, Sixth Edition. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY 2012, p. 237

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

Specific drugs and antidotes. 1. There is no specific antidote for aspiration pneumonitis; corticosteroids are of no proven value. 2. Specific drugs or antidotes may be available for systemic toxicity of some hydrocarbons (Eg, acetylcysteine for carbon tetrachloride and methylene blue for methemoglobin formers) or their solutes (eg, chelatin therapy for leaded gasoline and antidotes for pesticides). /Hydrocarbons/ OLSON, K.R. (Ed). Poisoning and Drug Overdose, Sixth Edition. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY 2012, p. 238

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

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Decontamination. 1. Inhalation. Move the victim to fresh air and administer oxygen if available. 2. Skin and eyes. Remove contaminated clothing and wash exposed skin with water and soap. Irrigate exposed eyes with copious water or saline and perform ﬂuorescein examination for corneal injury. 3. Ingestion. For agents with no systemic toxicity, gut decontamination is neither necessary nor desirable because it increases the risk for aspiration. For systemic toxins, consider aspiration of the liquid via nasogastric tube and administration of activated charcoal. Take precautions to prevent pulmonary aspiration if the patient is obtunded. ... /Hydrocarbons/ OLSON, K.R. (Ed). Poisoning and Drug Overdose, Sixth Edition. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY 2012, p. 238

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

Enhanced elimination. There is no known role for any of these procedures. /Hydrocarbons/ OLSON, K.R. (Ed). Poisoning and Drug Overdose, Sixth Edition. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY 2012, p. 238

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

12.1.5 Human Toxicity Excerpts

/ALTERNATIVE and IN VITRO TESTS/ ... Human epidermal keratinocytes (HEK) were exposed to JP-8, aliphatic hydrocarbon (HC) fuel S-8 and aliphatic HC pentadecane (penta), tetradecane (tetra), tridecane (tri) and undecane (un) for 5 min. Additional studies were conducted with signal transduction pathway blockers parthenolide (P; 3.0 uM), isohelenin (I; 3.0 uM), SB 203580 (SB; 13.3 uM), substance P (SP; 3.0 uM) and recombinant human IL-10 (rHIL-10; 10 ng/mL). In the absence of inhibitors, JP-8 and to a lesser extent un and S-8, had the greatest toxic effect on cell viability and inflammation suggesting, as least in vitro, that synthetic S-8 fuel is less irritating than the currently used JP-8. Each inhibitor significantly (P < 0.05) decreased HEK viability. DMSO, the vehicle for P, I and SB, had a minimal effect on viability. Overall, IL-8 production was suppressed at least 30% after treatment with each inhibitor. Normalizing data relative to control indicate which inhibitors suppress HC-mediated IL-8 to control levels. P was the most effective inhibitor of IL-8 release; IL-8 was significantly decreased after exposure to un, tri, tetra and penta but significantly increased after JP-8 exposure compared with controls. Inhibitors were not effective in suppressing IL-8 release in JP-8 exposures to control levels. This study shows that inhibiting NF-kappa B, which appears to play a role in cytokine production in HC-exposed HEK in vitro, may reduce the inflammatory effect of HC in vivo. PMID:17966119 Inman AO et al; J Appl Toxicol 28 (4): 543-53 (2008)

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

/ALTERNATIVE and IN VITRO TESTS/ Jet fuels are complex mixtures of aliphatic (ALI) and aromatic (ARO) hydrocarbons that vary significantly in individual cytotoxicity and proinflammatory activity in human epidermal keratinocytes (HEK). In order to delineate the toxicological interactions among individual hydrocarbons in a mixture and their contributions to cutaneous toxicity, nine ALI and five ARO hydrocarbons were each divided into five (high/medium/low cytotoxic and strong/weak IL-8 induction) groups and intra/inter- mixed to assess for their mixture effects on HEK mortality and IL-8 release. Addition of single hydrocarbon to JP-8 fuel was also evaluated for their changes in fuel dermatotoxicity. The results indicated that when hydrocarbons were mixed, HEK mortality and IL-8 release were not all predictable by their individual ability affecting these two parameters. The lowest HEK mortality (7%) and the highest IL-8 production were induced with mixtures including high cytotoxic and weak IL-8 inductive ARO hydrocarbons. Antagonistic reactions not consistently correlated with ALI carbon chain length and ARO structure were evident and carried different weight in the overall mixture toxicities. Single addition of benzene, toluene, xylene or ethylbenzene for up to tenfold in JP-8 did not increase HEK mortality while single addition of ALI hydrocarbons exhibited dose-related differential response in IL-8. In an all ALI environment, no single hydrocarbon is the dominating factor in the determination of HEK cytotoxicity while deletion of hexadecane resulted in a 2.5- fold increase in IL-8 production. Overall, decane, undecane and dodecane were the major hydrocarbons associated with high cytotoxicity while tetradecane, pentadecane and hexadecane were those which had the greatest buffering effect attenuating dermatotoxicity. The mixture effects must be considered when evaluating jet fuel toxicity to HEK. PMID:16485121 Yang JH et al; Arch Toxicol 80 (8): 508-23 (2006)

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

/ALTERNATIVE and IN VITRO TESTS/ Jet fuels are complex mixtures of aliphatic (ALI) and aromatic (ARO) hydrocarbons that vary significantly in individual cytotoxicity and proinflammatory activities in human epidermal keratinocytes (HEK). In order to elucidate the dermatotoxicity of a complex mixture like jet fuels, structural differences, exposure time and dosage were investigated on HEK toxicity assessed by mortality and IL-8 release. ALI and ARO hydrocarbons were grouped into 4 categories: highly cytotoxic (octane, nonane, decane for aliphatics and cyclohexalbenzene, trimethylbenzene, xylene for aromatics), low cytotoxic (tetradecane, pentadecane, hexadecane for aliphatics and benzene for aromatics), high IL-8 release (decane, undecane, dodecane for aliphatics and dimethylnaphthalene, cyclohexylbenzene, ethylbenzene for aromatics) and low IL-8 release (tetradecane, pentadecane, hexadecane for aliphatics and benzene, toluene, xylene for aromatics). The 4 categories of ALI hydrocarbons were mixed with each other, or cross-mixed with each of the 4 categories of ARO hydrocarbons. The resulting cytotoxicity and IL-8 production from HEK https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/12389 37/60 6/10/2020 Tetradecane | C14H30 - PubChem were evaluated at 24 hr. The results showed an antagonistic cytotoxic effect between ALI and ARO hydrocarbons in which ALI attenuated the degree of HEK mortality caused by the ARO hydrocarbons. On the other hand, the ARO hydrocarbons reduced the significant increase of IL-8 induced by ALI hydrocarbons. Synergistic effects between low IL-8 inductive and low cytotoxic hydrocarbons were found and the highest cytotoxic and IL-8 inductive responses did not completely correspond to the mixture of highly cytotoxic and highly IL-8 inductive hydrocarbons. This study supports the concept that the ARO dictate the degree of HEK mortality, while the ALI are the major contributor to inciting the proinflammatory response. Mixture effects must be considered when evaluating cytotoxicity to HEK. Chou C et al; Toxicologist 78 (1-S): 328 (2004)

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/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ During industrial use, tetradecane may be harmful by inhalation, ingestion, or skin absorption. Bingham, E.; Cohrssen, B.; Powell, C.H.; Patty's Toxicology Volumes 1-9 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, N.Y. (2001)., p. V4 67

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12.1.6 Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ The loss of epithelial barrier integrity in bronchial and bronchiolar airways may be an initiating factor in the observed onset of toxicant-induced lung injuries. Acute 1-hr inhalation exposures to aerosolized jet propulsion fuel 8 (JP-8) have been shown to induce cellular and morphological indications of pulmonary toxicity that was associated with increased respiratory permeability to (99m)Tc-DTPA. To address the hypothesis that JP-8 jet fuel-induced lung injury is initiated through a disruption in the airway epithelial barrier function, paracellular mannitol flux of BEAS-2B human bronchial epithelial cells was measured. Incubation of confluent cell cultures with non-cytotoxic concentrations of JP-8 or n-tetradecane (C14), a primary constituent of JP-8, for a 1-hr exposure period resulted in dose-dependent increases of paracellular flux. Following exposures of 0.17, 0.33, 0.50, or 0.67 mg/mL, mannitol flux increased above vehicle controls by 10, 14, 29, and 52%, respectively, during a 2-hr incubation period immediately after each JP-8 exposure. C14 caused greater mannitol flux increases of 37, 42, 63, and 78%, respectively, following identical exposure conditions. The effect on transepithelial mannitol flux reached a maximum at 12 hr and spontaneously reversed to control values over a 48-hr recovery period, for both JP-8 and C14 exposure. These data indicate that non-cytotoxic exposures to JP-8 or C14 exert a noxious effect on bronchial epithelial barrier function that may precede pathological lung injury. PMID:10496683 Robledo RF et al; Toxicol Sci 51 (1): 119-25 (1999)

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Despite widespread exposure to military jet fuels, there remains a knowledge gap concerning the actual toxic entities responsible for irritation observed after topical fuel exposure. The present studies with individual hydrocarbon (HC) constituents of JP-8 jet fuel shed light on this issue. To mimic occupational scenarios, JP-8, 8 aliphatic HC (nonane, decane, undecane, dodecane, tridecane, tetradecane, pentadecane, hexadecane) and 6 aromatic HC (ethyl benzene, o- xylene, trimethyl benzene, cyclohexyl benzene, naphthalene, dimethyl naphthalene) soaked cotton fabrics were topically exposed to pigs for 1 day and with repeated daily exposures for 4 days. Erythema, epidermal thickness, and epidermal cell layers were quantitated. No erythema was noted in 1-day in vivo HC exposures but significant erythema was observed in 4-day tridecane, tetradecane, pentadecane, and JP-8 exposed sites. The aromatic HCs did not produce any macroscopic lesions in 1 or 4 days of in vivo exposures. Morphological observations revealed slight intercellular and intracellular epidermal edema in 4-day exposures with the aliphatic HCs. Epidermal thickness and number of cell layers significantly increased (p < 0.05) in tridecane, tetradecane, pentadecane, and JP-8-treated sites. No significant differences were observed in the aromatic HC-exposed sites. Subcorneal microabscesses containing inflammatory cells were observed with most of the long-chain aliphatic HCs and JP-8 in 4-day exposures. Ultrastructural studies depicted that jet fuel HC-induced cleft formation within intercellular lipid lamellar bilayers of the stratum corneum. The degree of damage to the skin was proportional to the length of in vivo HC exposures. These data coupled with absorption and toxicity studies of jet fuel HC revealed that specific HCs (tridecane and tetradecane) might be the key constituents responsible for jet fuel-induced skin irritation. PMID:15902969 Muhammad F et al; Toxicol Pathol 33 (2): 258-66 (2005)

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/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Certain mineral oils and hydrocarbons require repeated topical application to cause irritation. A structure activity relationship of pure n-alkanes was undertaken in a mouse ear edema model to investigate the mechanism of cumulative irritancy. Alkanes were applied twice daily over a 4-day period. Dodecane was found to be non-irritating, while tridecane elicited a response only at 96 hr. Tetradecane was the strongest irritant with signiﬁcant increases (p less than 0.05) in ear thickness observed at 48 hr. Hexadecane, octadecane, and eicosane exhibited progressively decreasing activity. Permeability of the ears to hydrocortisone was monitored in vitro during tridecane- and tetradecane-induced irritation. Signiﬁcant increases in permeability were observed 24 hr before edema formation. A positive correlation was found between the extent of edema formation https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/12389 38/60 6/10/2020 Tetradecane | C14H30 - PubChem and enhancement of permeability. Loss of barrier function would result in increased cutaneous availability of the alkanes. Increased permeability prior to edema formation indicates that induction of barrier dysfunction may be a factor in the mechanism of alkane- induced irritation. PMID:3190267 Moloney SJ, Teal JJ; Arch Dermatol Res 280 (6): 375-9 (1988)

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ ... The penetration and skin retention of nonane, dodecane and tetradecane was assessed in vitro using hairless rats' skin. The effects of unocclusive dermal exposures of these chemicals (15 microL every 2 hr for 8 hr a day for four days) on the transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and erythema were measured in CD hairless rats. The expression of interleukin 1alpha (IL- 1alpha) and TNF-alpha in the skin and blood were measured at the end of dermal exposures. The flux of dodecane was 3- and 77-fold higher than nonane and tetradecane. The retention of chemicals in stratum corneum (SC) was in the order of tetradecane > dodecane > nonane, and directly correlated to the log Kp (r2 = 0.9900) and molecular weight of the chemicals (r2 = 0.8782). The TEWL and erythema data indicate that irritation was in the following order: tetradecane > dodecane > nonane. Likewise, the expression of IL-lalpha in the blood and TNF-alpha in the skin after dermal exposures was higher for tetradecane followed by dodecane and nonane compared to control. In conclusion, the aliphatic hydrocarbon chemicals of the present study induced cumulative irritation upon low-level repeat exposures for a four-day period. The affinity of the chemicals to SC and their gradual accumulation in the skin in the present study is the probable cause for the differences in the skin irritation profiles of different aliphatic chemicals ... PMID:15941007 Babu RJ et al; Toxicol Ind Health 20 (6-10): 109-18 (2004)

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For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for n-Tetradecane (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

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12.2 Ecological Information

12.2.1 Environmental Fate/Exposure Summary

n-Tetradecane's production and use in organic synthesis, as a building block for detergents and animal feeds (often as a mixture with other straight chain alkanes) and as a solvent and a distillation chaser may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. n-Tetradecane is emitted in the exhaust from diesel and gasoline engines. It occurs in crude oil and various plants. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 0.015 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates n-tetradecane will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase n-tetradecane will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 21 hours. n-Tetradecane does not absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, n-tetradecane is expected to have no mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 16,000. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 11.9 atm-cu m/mole. However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization. n-Tetradecane is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Utilizing the OECD 301F test, 85.5% of Theoretical BOD was reached in 28 days indicating that n-tetradecane is readily biodegradable and that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil and water. In a soil degradation study at 20 °C, n-tetradecane degraded below detection limits within 5 days. If released into water, n-tetradecane is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. When inoculated with either seawater samples or seawater sediment samples, n-tetradecane, added as a component of oil, underwent 42% and 77% removal, respectively, after 15 days. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4 hours and 5.6 days, respectively. However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 28 months if adsorption is considered. An estimated BCF of 2700 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to n-tetradecane may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where n-tetradecane is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to n-tetradecane via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and drinking water, and dermal contact with consumer products containing n-tetradecane. (SRC)

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12.2.2 Natural Pollution Sources

https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/12389 39/60 6/10/2020 Tetradecane | C14H30 - PubChem

n-Tetradecane oocurs in crude oil(1). n-Tetradecane has been identified as a component of chickpea seed(2), nectarines(3) and Kiwi fruit flowers(3). A crude oil from Ponca Field, Oklahoma contained 1.4% (by volume) n-tetradecane(4). (1) Carreon T et al; Aliphatic Hydrocarbons. Patty's Toxicology. 6th ed. (1999-2015). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. On-line Posting Date: 17 Aug 2012. (2) Rembold H et al; J Agric Food Chem 37: 659-62 (1989) (3) Takeoka GR et al; J Agric Food Chem 36: 553-60 (1988) (3) Tatsuka K et al; J Agric Food Chem 38: 2176-80 (1990) (4) Asinger F; Paraffins Chemistry and Technology. Oxford, England: Pergamon Press, p. 63 (1968)

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12.2.3 Artiﬁcial Pollution Sources

n-Tetradecane's production and use in organic synthesis(1), as a building block for detergents and animal feeds (often as a mixture with other straight chain alkanes) and as a solvent and a distillation chaser(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). n-Tetradecane is emitted in the exhaust from diesel(3) and gasoline engines(4). It may also be released to the environment from landfills(5) and oil spills(6). (1) Lewis RJ Sr; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 15th ed., New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., p. 1218 (2007) (2) Carreon T et al; Aliphatic Hydrocarbons. Patty's Toxicology. 6th ed. (1999-2015). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. On-line Posting Date: 17 Aug 2012. (3) Schauer JJ et al; Environ Sci Technol 33: 1578-1587 (1999) (4) Hampton CV et al; Environ Sci Technol 17: 699-708 (1983) (5) Abrams EF et al; Identification of Organic Compounds in Effluents from Industrial Sources USEPA-560/3-75-002 (1975) (6) McDonald TJ et al; Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 32: 621-628 (1984)

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12.2.4 Environmental Fate

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classiﬁcation scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 16,000(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that n-tetradecane is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of n-tetradecane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 11.9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 0.015 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 0.00033 mg/L(4). However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). n-Tetradecane is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(SRC). An 85.8% of theoretical biodegradation using activated sludge in a OECD 301F test indicates n-tetradecane is readily biodegradable(5) and suggests that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC). In a soil degradation study at 20 °C, n-tetradecane (at 13 ppm) degraded below detection limits within 5 days(6). (1) Swann RL et al; Res Rev 85: 23 (1983) (2) US EPA; Estimation Program Interface (EPI) Suite. Ver. 4.11. Nov, 2012. Available from, as of Nov 11, 2015: http://www2.epa.gov/tsca-screening-tools (3) Haynes WM, ed; CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 95th ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press LLC, p. 15-21 (2014) (4) Coates M et al; Environ Sci Technol 19: 628-32 (1985) (5) ECHA; Search for Chemicals. Tetradecane (CAS 629-59-4) Registered Substances Dossier. European Chemical Agency. Available from, as of Nov 12, 2015: http://echa.europa.eu/ (6) Eriksson M et al; Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 51: 532-35 (1999)

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classiﬁcation scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 16,000(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that n-tetradecane is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 11.9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 0.015 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 0.00033 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4 hours and 5.6 days, respectively(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column(SRC). The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 28 months if adsorption is considered(6). According to a classiﬁcation scheme(7), an estimated BCF of 2700(SRC), from a log Kow of 7.20(8) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high(SRC). n-Tetradecane is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3). An 85.8% of theoretical biodegradation using activated sludge in a OECD 301F test indicates n-tetradecane is readily biodegradable(9) and suggests that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in water(SRC). When inoculated with either seawater samples or seawater sediment samples, n-tetradecane, added as a component of oil, underwent 42% and 77% removal, respectively, after 15 days(10). (1) Swann RL et al; Res Rev 85: 23 (1983) (2) US EPA; Estimation Program Interface (EPI) Suite. Ver. 4.11. Nov, 2012. Available from, as of Nov 12, 2015: http://www2.epa.gov/tsca-screening-tools (3) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc pp. 15-1 to 15-29 (1990) (4) Haynes WM, ed; CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 95th ed., Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press LLC, p. 15-21 (2014) (5) Coates M et al; Environ Sci Technol 19: 628-32 (1985) (6) US EPA; EXAMS II Computer Simulation (1987) (7) Franke C et al; Chemosphere 29: 1501-14 (1994) (8) Hansch C et al; Exploring QSAR. Hydrophobic, Electronic, and Steric Constants. ACS Prof Ref Book. Heller SR, consult. ed., Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc p. 128 (1995) (9) ECHA; Search for Chemicals. Tetradecane (CAS 629-59-4) Registered Substances Dossier. European Chemical Agency. Available from, as of Nov 12, 2015: http://echa.europa.eu/ (10) Nagata S, Kondo G; pp. 617-20 in Proc 1977 Oil Spill Conf Am Petrol Inst (1977)

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), n- tetradecane, which has a vapor pressure of 0.015 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase n-tetradecane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 21 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.79X10-11 cu

https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/12389 40/60 6/10/2020 Tetradecane | C14H30 - PubChem cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Based upon data for similar alkanes(4), n-tetradecane does not absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). (1) Bidleman TF; Environ Sci Technol 22: 361-367 (1988) (2) Haynes WM, ed; CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 95th ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press LLC, p. 15-21 (2014) (3) Atkinson,R; Atmos Chem Phys 3: 2233-2307 (2003). Available from, as of Nov 11, 2015: http://www.atmos-chem- phys.net/3/issue6.html (4) Silverstein RM, Bassler GC; Spectrometric Id of Org Compd. New York, NY: J Wiley and Sons Inc pp. 148-169 (1963)

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

12.2.5 Environmental Biodegradation

AEROBIC: n-Tetradecane was listed as a compound which biodegrades and was classified in level 2 (degraded without much difficulty) in a 5 tiered rating system on ease of biodegradability(1). In a commercial dissolved air flotation biodegradation treatment system, n-tetradecane, as a mixture with other compounds, underwent 99.63% removal by activated sludge(2). n-Tetradecane had a theoretical biological oxygen demand (BOD) of 1.5%, 3.4% and 6.9% after 6, 12 and 24 hrs, respectively, when incubated with an activated sludge seed(3). Using OECD Guideline 301F (Ready Biodegradability: Manometric Respirometry Test) with non-adapted activated sludge, n-tetradecane (at 45 mg/L) was found to readily biodegradable with 32.3% degradation after 3 days and 85.5% degradation after 28 days(4). Based on test results for analogous compounds, n-tetradecane was judged to be readily biodegradable by the Japanese MITI test(5). (1) Abrams EF et al; Identification of Organic Compounds in Effluents from Industrial Sources USEPA-560/3-75-002 (1975) (2) Raphaelian LA, Harrison W; USEPA Trace Organics Variation Across the Waste Water Treatment System of a Class-B Refinery USEPA-600/7-78-125 (1978) (3) Gerhold RM, Malaney GW; J Water Pollut Contr Fed 38: 562-79 (1966) (4) ECHA; Search for Chemicals. Tetradecane (CAS 629-59-4) Registered Substances Dossier. European Chemical Agency; Available from, as of Nov 12, 2015: http://echa.europa.eu/ (5) NITE; Chemical Risk Information Platform (CHRIP). Biodegradation and Bioconcentration. Tokyo, Japan: Natl Inst Tech Eval. Available from, as of Nov 12, 2015: http://www.safe.nite.go.jp/english/db.html

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

AEROBIC: When inoculated with either seawater samples or seawater sediment samples, n-tetradecane, added as a component of oil, underwent 42% and 77% removal, respectively, after 15 days(1). Microorganisms isolated from soil and water were found to oxidize n-tetradecane in laboratory experiments(2). Microorganisms isolated from Chesapeake Bay sediment were found to oxidize between 6-28% of n-tetradecane, applied as a mixture with other hydrocarbons, time not stated(3,4). n-Tetradecane (and other aliphatic hydrocarocarbons at 13 ppm) were aerobically degraded without lag phase by a natural uncontaminated potting soil at 20 °C(5); degradation to below detection limits occurred within 5 days(5). A soil microcosm study using Rangeland silt loam soil determined n-tetradecane ThOD values of 29.5-42.1% over a 75 hour period(6). Using inocula from a rainwater retention pond, the n- tetradecane component of a biodiesel fuel had a primary aerobic half-life of 2.3 days(7). (1) Nagata S, Kondo G; pp. 617-20 in Proc 1977 Oil Spill Conf Am Petrol Inst (1977) (2) Perry JJ; The Role of Co-oxidation & Commensalism in the Biodegradation of Recalcitrant Molecules (NTIS PB80-28-034 (1980) (3) Walker JD, Colwell RR; Prog Water Tech 7: 783-91 (1975) (4) Walker JD, Colwell RR; Can J Microbiol 21: 305-13 (1978) (5) Eriksson M et al; Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 51(4): 532-535 (1999) (6) Miles RA, Doucette WJ; Chemosphere 45: 1085-1090 (2001) (7) Prince RC et al; Chemosphere 71: 1446-1451 (2008)

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

PURE CULTURE: Pure culture (Penicillium sp. and Cunninghamella blakesleeana) biodegradation of n-tetradecane produced tetradecanoic acid, n-tetradecanol, 2-, 3-, and 4-tetradecanol and 2-, 3-, and 4-tetradecanone(1,2). (1) Allen JE et al; Lipids 6: 448-52 (1971) (2) Allen JE, Markovetz AJ; J Bacteriol 103: 426-34 (1970)

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

12.2.6 Environmental Abiotic Degradation

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of n-tetradecane with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been experimentally determined to be 1.79X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 21 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2). n-Tetradecane is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3). Based upon data for similar alkanes(4), n-tetradecane does not absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). (1) Atkinson R; Atmos Chem Phys 3: 2233-2307 (2003). Available from, as of Nov 11, 2015: http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/3/issue6.html (2) US EPA; Estimation Program Interface (EPI) Suite. Ver. 4.11. Nov, 2012. Available from, as of Nov 12, 2015: http://www2.epa.gov/tsca-screening-tools (3) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc pp. 7-4, 7-5 (1990) (4) Silverstein RM, Bassler GC; Spectrometric Id of Org Compd, New York, NY: J Wiley and Sons Inc pp. 148-169 (1963)

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

12.2.7 Environmental Bioconcentration

An estimated BCF of 2700 was calculated in ﬁsh for n-tetradecane(SRC), using a log Kow of 7.20(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classiﬁcation scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high(SRC), provided the compound is not metabolized by the organism(SRC). https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/12389 41/60 6/10/2020 Tetradecane | C14H30 - PubChem

(1) Hansch C et al; Exploring QSAR. Hydrophobic, Electronic, and Steric Constants. ACS Prof Ref Book. Heller SR, consult. ed., Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc p. 128 (1995) (2) US EPA; Estimation Program Interface (EPI) Suite. Ver. 4.11. Nov, 2012. Available from, as of Nov 12, 2015: http://www2.epa.gov/tsca-screening-tools (3) Franke C et al; Chemosphere 29: 1501-14 (1994)

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

12.2.8 Soil Adsorption/Mobility

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of n-tetradecane can be estimated to be 16,000(SRC). According to a classiﬁcation scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that n-tetradecane is expected to be immobile in soil. Laboratory soil column elution experiments showed that the percent of n-tetradecane adsorbed to three diﬀerent native soil types ranged from 2.2-5.98%(3). (1) US EPA; Estimation Program Interface (EPI) Suite. Ver. 4.11. Nov, 2012. Available from, as of Nov 11, 2015: http://www2.epa.gov/tsca-screening- tools (2) Swann RL et al; Res Rev 85: 23 (1983) (3) Kanatharana P, Grob RL; J Environ Sci Health A18: 59-77 (1983)

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

12.2.9 Volatilization from Water/Soil

The Henry's Law constant for n-tetradecane is estimated as 11.9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 0.015 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 0.00033 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that n-tetradecane is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, ﬂowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 4 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, ﬂowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 5.6 days(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 28 months if adsorption is considered(4). n-Tetradecane's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). n-Tetradecane is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure(SRC). (1) Haynes WM, ed; CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 95th ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press LLC, p. 15-21 (2014) (2) Coates M et al; Environ Sci Technol 19: 628-32 (1985) (3) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc pp. 15-1 to 15- 29 (1990) (4) US EPA; EXAMS II Computer Simulation (1987)

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

12.2.10 Environmental Water Concentrations

DRINKING WATER: n-Tetradecane was qualitatively detected in U.S. drinking water supplies(1-4). It was detected in tap water samples at Brunel Univ, England, at a mean concentration of 1.6 ppb(5). n-Tetradecane was qualitatively detected in tap water from Cleveland, OH, in 1975(6). It was also qualitatively detected in Japan's tap water(7). A tap water sample obtained in NJ contained n- tetradecane(8). (1) Abrams EF et al; Identification of Organic Compounds in Effluents from Industrial Sources USEPA-560/3-75-002 (1975) (2) Keith LH et al; pp. 329-73 in Ident Anal Org Pollut Water Keith LH, ed. Ann Arbor, MI: Ann Arbor Press (1976) (3) Kopfler FC et al; Adv Environ Sci Technol 8: 419-33 (1977) (4) Kool HJ et al; CRC Crit Rev Control 12: 307-57 (1982) (5) Colenutt BA, Thornburn S; Int J Environ Stud 15: 25-32 (1980) (6) Sanjivamurthy VA; Water Res 12: 31-3 (1978) (7) Shiraishi H et al; Environ Sci Tech 19: 585-90 (1985) (8) Wallace LA et al; Environ Res 35: 293-319 (1984)

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

SURFACE WATER: n-Tetradecane was qualitatively detected in seawater samples from Japan(1). Surface water samples from Little Britain Lake, Welsh Harp, and a brook near a highway, England, contained n-tetradecane at a concentration of 2.4 ppb, and 1.88 ppb (mean concentration), respectively(2). It was qualitatively detected in raw but not treated drinking water supplies in the U.K., 1976(3). It was qualitatively detected in the Besos and Llobregat Rivers, Spain, 1985-6(4). n-Tetradecane was qualitatively detected in seawater samples from the Vineyard Sound, MA, 1978-9(5). The concentration of n-tetradecane in water samples taken from the Gulf of Mexico ranged from not detected to 15.1 ng/L(6). It was qualitatively detected in Narragansett Bay, RI, 1979-81(7). The concentration of n-tetradecane in a sample from the Hayashida River, Japan, 1980, was 298 ppb(8). It was qualitatively detected in River Glatt, Switzerland, 1975(9). (1) Akiyama T et al; J UEOH 2: 285-300 (1980) (2) Colenutt BA, Thornburn S; Int J Environ Stud 15: 25-32 (1980) (3) Fielding M et al; Organic Micropollutants in Drinking Water TR-159 Medmenham, England Water Res Ctr (1981) (4) Gomez-Belinchon JI et al; Chemosphere 17: 2189-97 (1988) (5) Gschwend PM et al; Environ Sci Technol 16: 31-8 (1982) (6) Sauer TC et al; Mar Chem 7: 1-16 (1978) (7) Wakeham SG et al; Can J Fish Aquat Sci 40: 304-21 (1983) (8) Yasuhara A et al; Environ Sci Technol 15: 570-3 (1981) (9) Zurcher F, Giger W; Vom Wasser 47: 37-55 (1976)

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

RAIN/SNOW: Eight surface snow samples collected on Antarctic expeditions from 1987/88, 1988/89, and 1990/91 and six deep snow samples collected from the 1990/91 expedition were found to contain median n-tetradecane concentrations ranging from below detection limits to 39 ng/L(1). Snow samples collected from six sites in Russia and four sites in Finland in early March contained n- tetradecane concentrations of 0.17 to 5.68 ug/kg(2). (1) Desideri PG et al; Intern J Environ Anal Chem 55: 33-46 (1994) (2) Poliakova OV et al; Toxicol Environ Chem 75: 181-194 (2000) https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/12389 42/60 6/10/2020 Tetradecane | C14H30 - PubChem

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

12.2.11 Efﬂuent Concentrations

n-Tetradecane emissions have been associated with effluent from the following industries: bottled and canned soft drinks and carbonated waters, paper mills, pulp mills, petroleum refining, manufacturing, and specialty cleaning, polishing and sanitation preparations(1). It was qualitatively detected in 14 of 46 U.S. industrial effluent samples(2). n-Tetradecane was detected in the effluent of a petroleum refining plant at an approximate concentration of 0.039 mg/L(3). n-Tetradecane was qualitatively identified in the effluent gas from refuse waste obtained from a food center in an experiment designed to determine the gases emitted from decaying waste matter at refuse sites, landfills, and trash transfer sites(4). It was identified as a semi-volatile emission during the combustion of agricultural plastics and kerosene(5). n-Tetradecane was identified as a component of effluent samples from SOHIO's Toledo refinery in Dec. 1976 at a concentration of 683 ppb(6). n-Tetradecane was detected in volatile emissions from furniture coatings(7) and carpet cushions(8). (1) Abrams EF et al; Identification of Organic Compounds in Effluents from Industrial Sources USEPA-560/3-75-002 (1975) (2) Bursey JT, Pellizzari ED; Analysis of Industrial Wastewater for Organic Pollutants in Consent Degree Survey (1982) (3) Keith LH; Sci Total Environ 3: 87-102 (1974) (4) Kop LC, Ng WJ; Water, Air Soil Pollut 33: 199-204 (1987) (5) Linak WP et al; JAPCA 39: 836-46 (1989) (6) Raphaelian LA, Harrison W; USEPA Trace Organics Variation Across the Waste Water Treatment System of a Class-B Refinery USEPA-600/7-78-125 (1979) (7) Salthammer T; Indoor Air 7: 189-197 (1997) (8) Schaeffer VH et al; J Air Waste Manage Assoc 46: 813-820 (1996)

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

n-Tetradecane was qualitatively detected in landfill leachate(1). The gas-phase emission rates of n-tetradecane from motor vehicles, as determined in the Allegheny Tunnel on the PA Turnpike, 1979, was 1.5 mg/km for gasoline powered vehicles and 12.9 mg/km for diesel powered trucks(2). It was listed as a compound present in the exhaust of diesel powered vehicles(3). The emission rate of n- tetradecane from motor vehicles in a Los Angeles roadway tunnel in 1993 was 415.8 ug/L(4). n-Tetradecane was identified as 3.95- 5.15% of the total n-alkane particulate emissions from heaty-duty diesel engines(5). The n-tetradecane emission factor from a diesel- powered medium duty truck was 629 ug/km and the n-tetradecane content of the diesel fuel was 13500 ug/g(6). The n-tetradecane emission factor from the tailpipe of gasoline-powered California vehicles was reported as 18.4 ug/km for a catalyst-equipped vehicle and 212 ug/km for a non-catalyst-equipped vehicle for a gasoline containing 13.8 ug/g n-tetradecane(7). (1) Abrams EF et al; Identification of Organic Compounds in Effluents from Industrial Sources USEPA-560/3-75-002 (1975) (2) Hampton CV et al; Environ Sci Technol 17: 699-708 (1983) (3) Hampton CV et al; Environ Sci Technol 16: 287-98 (1982) (4) Fraser MP et al; Environ Sci Technol 32: 2051- 2060 (1998) (5) Shah SD et al; Environ Sci Technol 39: 5276-84 (2005) (6) Schauer JJ et al; Environ Sci Technol 33: 1578-87 (1999) (7) Schauer JJ et al; Environ Sci Technol 36: 1169-80 (2002)

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

12.2.12 Sediment/Soil Concentrations

SEDIMENT: n-Tetradecane was detected in the sediment of Puget Sound, WA, 1980-81 as a mixture with other n-alkanes(1). It was found in 8 of 8 sediment samples from Port Angeles Harbor and Dungeness Bay, WA, at concentration ranging from <2-290 ng/g dry weight(2). Sediment samples from the Duwamish River, WA, contained n-tetradecane at a concentration ranging from 11-160 ng/g dry weight(3). n-Tetradecane was qualitatively detected in sediment samples from Japan(4). n-Tetradecane was detected in sediment samples collected from three rivers and six canals in Tianjin, China in July 2002(5). n-Tetradecane was qualitatively detected in sediments collected from Niigata, Japan in September 1995(6). (1) Bates TS et al; Environ Sci Tech 18: 299-305 (1984) (2) MacLeod WD et al; Fate Eﬀ Pet Hydrocarbons Mar Ecosyst Org Proc Symp pp. 385-96 (1976) (3) MacLeod WD et al; Anal Chem 54: 386-92 (1982) (4) Akiyama T et al; J UEOH 2: 285-300 (1980) (5) Bixiong Y et al; Chemosphere 68: 140-49 (2007) (6) Kawata K et al; Bull Environ Contam 65: 660-67 (2000)

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

12.2.13 Atmospheric Concentrations

URBAN/SUBURBAN: n-Tetradecane was qualitatively detected in the air of Belgium, 1976(1). It was detected in 2 of 2 suburban air samples near the southern Black Forest, Germany, 1985, at concentrations of 29-85 ng/cu m(2). The concentration of n-tetradecane in 36 air samples collected during a severe Los Angeles, CA photochemical smog was determined to be 8.82 ng/cu m(3). Air monitoring in the summer of 1996 in Berlin, Germany detected at average residential n-tetradecane concentration of 0.11 ug/cu m(4). (1) Cautreels W, Van Cauwenberghe K; Atmos Environ 12: 1133-41 (1978) (2) Juttner F; Chemosphere 17: 309-17 (1988) (3) Fraser MP et al; Environ Sci Technol 31: 2356-67 (1997) (4) Thijsse TR et al; J Air Waste Manage Assoc 49: 1394-404 (1999)

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

INDOOR: The mean and maximum concentration of n-tetradecane in the air of 40 homes in Oak Ridge/Knoxville, TN, 1982-3, was 6.1 ug/cu m and 22.5 ug/cu m, respectively(1). n-Tetradecane was detected in an office building in 1987 at a concentration ranging from 13-36 ug/cu m(2). n-Tetradecane was detected in 5 of 6 indoor air samples in Northern Italy, 1983-8, at concentrations ranging from not detected 22 ug/cu m(3). Indoor air sample collected from 27 buildings in Melbourne, Australia contained a geometric mean n- https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/12389 43/60 6/10/2020 Tetradecane | C14H30 - PubChem tetradecane concentration of 1.1-1.4 ug/cu m while the outside air geometric mean concentration was <2 ug/cu m(4). n-Tetradecane was identified, not quantified, in the indoor air from 6 of 26 buildings in Finland(5). (1) Hawthorne AR et al; pp. 514-26 in Spec Conf Meas Monit Non-Criter Toxic Contam Air Frederick ER, ed. Pittsburg, PA: APCA (1983) (2) Weschler CJ et al; Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 51: 261-8 (1990) (3) DeBortoli M et al; Environ Internat 12: 343-50 (1986) (4) Brown SK; Indoor Air 12: 55-63 (2002) (5) Kostiainen K; Atmos Environ 29: 693-702 (1995)

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

REMOTE/RURAL: n-Tetradecane was qualitatively identiﬁed in air samples obtained at a forest in Germany, 1988(1). It was detected in 11 of 13 forest air samples in the southern Black Forest region, Germany, 1985, at concentrations ranging from not detected to 116 ug/cu m(2,3). A rural background level of n-tetradecane outside of Berlin, Germany was reported as 0.05 ug/cu m for the summer of 1996(4). (1) Helmig D et al; Chemosphere 19: 1399-12 (1989) (2) Juttner F; Chemosphere 17: 309-17 (1988) (3) Juttner F; Chemosphere 985-92 (1986) (4) Thijsse TR et al; J Air Waste Manage Assoc 49: 1394-404 (1999)

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

SOURCE DOMINATED: n-Tetradecane was detected in the air of the Allegheny Tunnel on the PA Turnpike, 1979, at concentrations ranging from 2.1-4.3 ug/cu m(1). The concentration of n-tetradecane in the air of a oil shale wastewater facility was 13 ug/cu m(2). (1) Hampton CV et al; Environ Sci Technol 17: 699-708 (1983) (2) Hawthorne SB, Sieverse RE; Environ Sci Technol 18: 483-90 (1984)

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

12.2.14 Food Survey Values

n-Tetradecane has been identified as a volatile component of fried chicken(1), chickpea seed(2), nectarines(3), fried bacon(4), and the Japanese dried food, Bonito(5). n-Tetradecane was identified as a volatile component of frankfurters(6). n-Tetradecane was detected in Australian honeys at levels of 0.1-0.6 mg/kg(7). n-Tetradecane was detected in paprika oleoresin at a concentration of 5.3 mg/kg(8). n-Tetradecane was identified as a volatile component of raw beef(9). (1) Tang J et al; J Agric Food Chem 31: 1287-92 (1983) (2) Rembold H et al; J Agric Food Chem 37: 659-62 (1989) (3) Takeoka GR et al; J Agric Food Chem 36: 553-60 (1988) (4) Ho CT et al; J Agric Food Chem 31: 336-42 (1983) (5) Yajima I et al; Agric Biol Chem 45: 2761-8 (1981) (6) Chevance FFV, Farmer LJ; J Agric Food Chem 47: 5151-5160 (1999) (7) D'Arcy BR et al; J Agric Food Chem 45: 1834-43 (1997) (8) Guadayol JM et al; J Agric Food Chem 45: 1868-72 (1997) (9) King MF et al; J Agric Food Chem 41: 1974-81 (1993)

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

12.2.15 Plant Concentrations

n-Tetradecane was identiﬁed as a volatile constituent of Kiwi fruit ﬂowers(1). (1) Tatsuka K et al; J Agric Food Chem 38: 2176-80 (1990)

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

n-Tetradecane was detected in Plectranthus coleiodes (Labiatae) shoots at range of 1-550 ppm. The compound was detected, not quantiﬁed in the following plants(1):

Genus species Family Name(s) Part

Anethum graveolens L. Apiaceae Dill, Garden Dill Root

Bell Pepper, Cherry Pepper, Cone Pepper, Green Pepper, Paprika, Sweet Capsicum annuum L. Solanaceae Fruit Pepper

Capsicum frutescens L. Solanaceae Cayenne, Chili, Hot Pepper, Red Chili, Spur Pepper, Tabasco Fruit

Essential Citrus limon (L.) BURMAN f. Rutaceae Lemon Oil

Laurus nobilis L. Lauraceae Bay, Bay Laurel, Bayleaf, Grecian Laurel, Laurel, Sweet Bay Leaf

Pimenta dioica (L.) MERR. Myrtaceae Allspice, Clover-Pepper, Jamaica-Pepper, Pimenta, Pimento Plant

Pimenta racemosa (MILL.) J. W. Myrtaceae Bayrum Tree, West Indian Bay Leaf MOORE

(1) USDA; Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases. Plants with a chosen chemical. Tetradecane. Washington, DC: US Dept Agric, Agric Res Service. Available from, as of Nov 12, 2015: http://www.ars-grin.gov/duke/

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

12.2.16 Fish/Seafood Concentrations https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/12389 44/60 6/10/2020 Tetradecane | C14H30 - PubChem

n-Tetradecane was detected in the muscle of ﬁsh samples obtained from the Arabian Gulf, 1985, at concentrations ranging from 0.1 (Johnieops sina) to 0.9 (Otoliths argenteus) ug/g dry weight(1). Fish samples from eastern Montana watersheds contained n- tetradecane residues at concentrations ranging from <0.1 (white scuker, Catostomus commersoni) to 0.6 (fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas)ug/g wet weight(2). n-Tetradecane was detected in anchovy (Engraulis japonica) at a concentration of 303 ng/g(3). The C14 component detection (includes n-tetradecane) in ﬁsh (Boops boops, Scomber japonicus, Sardina pilchardus) collected from 1989-1990 near the Canary Islands was 441-619 ng/g wet weight(4). (1) Al-Saad HT; Marine Pollut Bull 21: 155-7 (1990) (2) Welch J et al; Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 26: 724-8 (1981) (3) Cha YJ, Cadwallader KR; J Food Sci 60: 19-24 (1995) (4) Quintero S, Diaz C; Marine Pollut Bull 28: 44-49 (1994)

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

12.2.17 Animal Concentrations

The average concentration of n-tetradecane in walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) blubber obtained at 6 diﬀerent monitoring sites in the Paciﬁc, 1981-1984, was 0.01 ppm wet weight(1). The concentration of n-tetradecane in tissue samples collected from 12 wolves /Canis lupus signatus/ of Northern Spain was determined to be 7.16 mg/kg lipid weight in suprarenal capsule(2). (1) Taylor DL et al; Marine Pollut Bull 20: 465-8 (1989) (2) Carril Gonzalez-Barros ST et al; Chemosphere 36: 597-602 (1998)

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

12.2.18 Milk Concentrations

n-Tetradecane was qualitatively detected in 8 of 8 samples of mother's milk obtained from residents of urban centers in PA, NJ and LA(1). PMID:7082873 (1) Pellizzari ED et al; Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28: 322-8 (1982)

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

12.2.19 Other Environmental Concentrations

The interior air sampled from cars parked in sunlight-conditions contained a n-tetradecane level of 143.2-326.6 ug/cu m for a new car and 15.6-28.5 ug/cu m for a used car(1). The n-tetradecane emission factor from burning wood in various ﬁreplaces and woodstoves was 0.00-2.16 mg/kg(2). Analysis of emissions from Chinese cooking reported n-tetradecane emissions of 12-24 ng/mg particulate organic matter(3). It was detected in formation water from an oﬀ-shore production platform in the Gulf of Mexico, 1976, at a concentration of 10 ug/L(4). n-Tetradecane is a component of diesel fuel(5). (1) Buters JTM et al; Environ Sci Technol 41: 2622-29 (2007) (2) McDonald JD et al; Environ Sci Technol 34: 2080-91 (2000) (3) Zhao Y et al; Environ Sci Technol 41: 99-105 (2007) (4) Sauer TC Jr; Environ Sci 15: 917-23 (1981) (5) Martinez MA, Ballesteros S; J Anal Toxicol 30: 624-34 (2006. Available from, as of Jan 27, 2016: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17132264

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

12.2.20 Probable Routes of Human Exposure

According to the 2012 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 3 reporting facility estimates the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed during the manufacturing, processing, or use of tetradecane (629-59-4) may be as low as <10 workers up to the range of 1000-9999 workers per plant; the data may be greatly underestimated due to conﬁdential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1). (1) US EPA; Chemical Data Reporting (CDR). Non-conﬁdential 2012 Chemical Data Reporting information on chemical production and use in the United States. Available from, as of Oct 28, 2015: http://java.epa.gov/oppt_chemical_search/

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 355 workers (14 of these are female) were potentially exposed to n- tetradecane in the US(1). Occupational exposure to n-tetradecane may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where n-tetradecane is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to n-tetradecane via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and drinking water, and dermal contact with consumer products containing n-tetradecane(SRC). (1) NIOSH; NOES. National Occupational Exposure Survey conducted from 1981-1983. Estimated numbers of employees potentially exposed to speciﬁc agents by 2-digit standard industrial classiﬁcation (SIC). Available from, as of Nov 12, 2015: http://www.cdc.gov/noes/

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/12389 45/60 6/10/2020 Tetradecane | C14H30 - PubChem

n-Tetradecane was detected in the air of the vulcanization area of a shoe-sole factory at a concentration of 0-40 ug/cu-m, and 0-79 ug/cu-m in the vulcanization and extrusion areas of tire retreading factory and 0-5 ug/cu-m at the extrusion area of an electrical cables insulation plant(1). The concentration of n-tetradecane in indoor air samples at a oil shale wastewater facility was 61 ug/cu m(2). n-Tetradecane was found in 7 of 8 personal air samples and 5 of 12 breath samples of subjects monitored in Bayonne and Elizabeth, NJ(3). In 1987, n-tetradecane was detected in an oﬃce building at a concentration ranging from 13-36 ug/cu-m(4). (1) Cocheo V et al; Amer Ind Hyg Assoc J 44: 521-7 (1983) (2) Hawthorne SB, Sieverse RE; Environ Sci Technol 18: 483-90 (1984) (3) Wallace LA et al; Environ Res 35: 293-319 (1984) (4) Weschler CJ et al; Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 51: 261-8 (1990)

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

12.2.21 Body Burden

n-Tetradecane was qualitatively detected in 8 of 8 samples of mother's milk obtained from residence of urban centers in PA, NJ and LA(1). PMID:7082873 (1) Pellizzari ED et al; Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 28: 322-8 (1982)

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/12389 46/60 6/10/2020 Tetradecane | C14H30 - PubChem

13 Diseases

13.1 Associated Disorders and Diseases

Diseases References

PubMed: Celiac disease 3816078,16425363,10063930,6182605,6182788,24657864,21970810,2745

PubMed: Crohn's disease 16440420,11418788,8723414,19491857,17269711,23516449,23867873,24

PubMed: Ulcerative colitis 21059682,1740537,17314143,17269711,21761941,23516449,23867873,24

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease PubMed: 23454028

Human Metabolome Database (HMDB)

13.2 Chemical-Disease Associations

Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD)

https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/12389 47/60 6/10/2020 Tetradecane | C14H30 - PubChem

19 Information Sources

FILTER BY SOURCE ALL SOURCES

1. CAMEO Chemicals

LICENSE CAMEO Chemicals and all other CAMEO products are available at no charge to those organizations and individuals (recipients) responsible for the safe handling of chemicals. However, some of the chemical data itself is subject to the copyright restrictions of the companies or organizations that provided the data. https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/help/cameo_chemicals_help.htm#t=9_reference%2Fterms_and_conditions.htm

N-TETRADECANE https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/chemical/21081 CAMEO Chemical Reactivity Classiﬁcation https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/browse/react

2. EPA Chemicals under the TSCA

LICENSE https://www.epa.gov/privacy/privacy-act-laws-policies-and-resources

Tetradecane https://www.epa.gov/chemicals-under-tsca

3. ChEBI Tetradecane http://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:41253 ChEBI Ontology http://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/userManualForward.do#ChEBI%20Ontology

4. Human Metabolome Database (HMDB)

LICENSE HMDB is oﬀered to the public as a freely available resource. Use and re-distribution of the data, in whole or in part, for commercial purposes requires explicit permission of the authors and explicit acknowledgment of the source material (HMDB) and the original publication (see the HMDB citing page). We ask that users who download signiﬁcant portions of the database cite the HMDB paper in any resulting publications. http://www.hmdb.ca/citing

Tetradecane http://www.hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0059907

5. EPA DSSTox

LICENSE https://www.epa.gov/privacy/privacy-act-laws-policies-and-resources

Tetradecane https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/DTXSID1027267 https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/DTXSID4029066

6. Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) n-Tetradecane https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/source/hsdb/5728

7. ChemIDplus

LICENSE https://www.nlm.nih.gov/copyright.html

n-Tetradecane https://chem.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/sid/0000629594 Alkanes, C14-30 https://chem.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/sid/0074664930 Alkanes, C14-16 https://chem.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/sid/0090622461 ChemIDplus Chemical Information Classiﬁcation https://chem.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/

8. DTP/NCI Tetradecane https://dtp.cancer.gov/dtpstandard/servlet/dwindex?searchtype=NSC&outputformat=html&searchlist=72440

9. European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)

LICENSE Use of the information, documents and data from the ECHA website is subject to the terms and conditions of this Legal Notice, and subject to other binding limitations provided for under applicable law, the information, documents and data made available on the ECHA website may be reproduced, distributed and/or used, totally or in part, for non-commercial purposes provided that ECHA is acknowledged as the source: "Source: European Chemicals Agency, https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/12389 58/60 6/10/2020 Tetradecane | C14H30 - PubChem http://echa.europa.eu/". Such acknowledgement must be included in each copy of the material. ECHA permits and encourages organisations and individuals to create links to the ECHA website under the following cumulative conditions: Links can only be made to webpages that provide a link to the Legal Notice page. https://echa.europa.eu/web/guest/legal-notice

Alkanes, C14-16 https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.084.012 Tetradecane https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.010.088 Alkanes, C14-16 https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/cl-inventory-database/-/discli/details/36082 Tetradecane https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/cl-inventory-database/-/discli/details/78670

10. Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD)

LICENSE It is to be used only for research and educational purposes. Any reproduction or use for commercial purpose is prohibited without the prior express written permission of the MDI Biological Laboratory and NC State University. http://ctdbase.org/about/legal.jsp

http://ctdbase.org/detail.go?type=chem&acc=C024713

11. EPA Chemical and Products Database (CPDat)

LICENSE https://www.epa.gov/privacy/privacy-act-laws-policies-and-resources

tetradecane https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/DTXSID1027267#exposure EPA CPDat Classiﬁcation https://www.epa.gov/chemical-research/chemical-and-products-database-cpdat

12. EU Food Improvement Agents Tetradecane https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R0872

13. LIPID MAPS CAR(5:0) https://www.lipidmaps.org/data/LMSDRecord.php?LMID=LMFA11000586 Lipid Classiﬁcation https://www.lipidmaps.org/

14. FDA/SPL Indexing Data

LICENSE Unless otherwise noted, the contents of the FDA website (www.fda.gov), both text and graphics, are not copyrighted. They are in the public domain and may be republished, reprinted and otherwise used freely by anyone without the need to obtain permission from FDA. Credit to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as the source is appreciated but not required. https://www.fda.gov/about-fda/about-website/website-policies#linking

03LY784Y58 https://www.fda.gov/ForIndustry/DataStandards/SubstanceRegistrationSystem-UniqueIngredientIdentiﬁerUNII/

15. MassBank of North America (MoNA)

LICENSE The content of the MoNA database is licensed under CC BY 4.0. https://mona.ﬁehnlab.ucdavis.edu/documentation/license

TETRADECANE http://mona.ﬁehnlab.ucdavis.edu/spectra/browse?inchikey=BGHCVCJVXZWKCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N

16. NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Tetradecane http://www.nist.gov/srd/nist1a.cfm

17. Nature Chemical Biology https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/382000557

18. Protein Data Bank in Europe (PDBe) http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe-srv/pdbechem/chemicalCompound/show/C14

19. RCSB Protein Data Bank (RCSB PDB)

LICENSE Data ﬁles contained in the PDB archive (ftp://ftp.wwpdb.org) are free of all copyright restrictions and made fully and freely available for both non-commercial and commercial use. Users of the data should attribute the original authors of that structural data. https://www.rcsb.org/pages/policies

http://www.rcsb.org/ligand/C14

20. SpectraBase https://spectrabase.com/spectrum/1NhzyD0grtX https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/12389 59/60 6/10/2020 Tetradecane | C14H30 - PubChem https://spectrabase.com/spectrum/JYclWmIo5Lb https://spectrabase.com/spectrum/KpYVvVH6x9U https://spectrabase.com/spectrum/2zChZuBB2HN https://spectrabase.com/spectrum/KvF8X0dUEjw https://spectrabase.com/spectrum/EeR1ny6B0yY https://spectrabase.com/spectrum/3KESNrh87l5 https://spectrabase.com/spectrum/9rO6f9vW6tu https://spectrabase.com/spectrum/AAhy9MBrV6y

21. Springer Nature

22. SpringerMaterials tetradecane https://materials.springer.com/substanceproﬁle/docs/smsid_eaymiimgyjpjttﬂ

23. Thieme Chemistry

LICENSE The Thieme Chemistry contribution within PubChem is provided under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license, unless otherwise stated. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

24. Wikipedia tetradecane https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetradecane

25. Wiley https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/?source=wiley&sourceid=111912

26. PubChem https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

27. MeSH n-tetradecane https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/67024713 MeSH Tree http://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/meshhome.html

28. WIPO International Patent Classiﬁcation http://www.wipo.int/classiﬁcations/ipc/

29. UN Globally Harmonized System of Classiﬁcation and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) GHS Classiﬁcation Tree http://www.unece.org/trans/danger/publi/ghs/ghs_welcome_e.html

30. NORMAN Suspect List Exchange NORMAN Suspect List Exchange Classiﬁcation https://www.norman-network.com/nds/SLE/

31. PATENTSCOPE (WIPO) SID 403378644 https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/403378644 SID 404160737 https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/404160737

https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/12389 60/60