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Control Technology Center EPA-600 12-91-061 November 1991

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Control Technology Center EPA-600 12-91-061 November 1991 United States Envimnmentai Protection Agency Control Technology Center EPA-600 12-91-061 November 1991 EVALUATION OF VOC EMISSIONS FROM HEATED ROOFING ASPHALT RESEARCH REPORTING SERIES Research reports of the Office of Research and Development. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, have been grouped into nine series. These nine broad cate- gories were established to facilitate further development and application of en- vironmental technology. Elimination of traditional grouping was consciously planned to foster technology transfer and a maximum interface in related fields. The nine series are: 1. Environmental Health Effects Research 2. Environmental Protection Technology 3. Ecological Research 4. Environmental Monitoring 5. Socioeconomic Environmental Studies 6. Scientific and Technical Assessment Reports (STAR) 7. Interagency Energy-Environment Research and Development 8. "Special" Reports 9. Miscellaneous Reports This report has been assigned to the ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECT1ON TECH- NOLOGY series. This series describes research performed to develop and dem- onstrate instrumentation, equipment, and methodology to repair or prevent en- vironmental degradation from point and non-point sources of pollution. This work provides the new or improved technology required for the control and treatment of pollution sources to meet environmental quality standards. EPA REVIEW NOTICE This report has been reviewed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policy of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or 'commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This document is available to the public through the National Technical Informa- tion Service. Springfield. Virginia 22161. EPA-600/2-91-061 November 1991 EVALUATION OF VOC EMISSIONS FROM HEATED ROOFING ASPHALT Prepared by: Peter Kariher, Michael Tufts, and Larry Hamel Acurex Corporation Environmental Systems Division 49 15 Prospectus Drive P.O. Box 13109 Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 EPA Contract Number: 68-DO-0141 Task No. 91-001 Task Officer: Bobby E. Daniel Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 Prepared for: Control Technology Center U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, NC 2771 1 CONTROL TECHNOLOGY CENTER Sponsored by: Emission Standards Division Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, NC 2771 1 Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, NC 2771 1 Center for Environmental Research Information Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH 45268 ABSTRACT A short-term, in-house project to characterize emissions from a simulated asphalt roofing kettle was performed at EPAfAEERL. Hot asphalt surfacing and resurfacing ha$ been identified as a possible significant source of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions that may affect human health and contribute to the ozone non-attainment problem. The purpose of the study was to collect, identify, and semiquantitate as many of the compounds as possible that are discharged during the open heating of roofing asphalt and relate them to the amount volatilized into the air. Types 1, 2, and 3 mopping grade asphalts were chosen for this study. They constitute more than 90 percent of roofing asphalt used. Samples of each type of asphalt were placed in a simulated roofing kettle, heated to predetermined temperatures, and sampled for volatile and semi-volatile organic emissions. Compounds identified during this study were alkanes, aromatics, a ketone, and an aldehyde. This work was done at the request of the Control Technology Center (CTC) steering committee to provide information to state and local agencies for use in responding to public concerns. TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstrad .................................................................... ii Listof Figures ............................................................... iv ListofTables ............................................................... v Acknowledgements ........................................................... vi Preface ................................................................... vii Metric to Nonmetric Conversions .................................................. viii Section Paae 1. Introduction .............................................................. 1 2 . Project Description ......................................................... 3 2.1 Experimental Approach ................................................. 3 2.2 Experimental Apparatus ................................................. 4 2.2.1 BumHut ....................................................... 4 2.2.2 Sample Shed .................................................... 6 2.3 Experimental Methods and Procedures ..................................... 10 2.3.1 Simulation of Open Air Asphat! Kettle Heating ........................... 10 2.3.2 Volatile Organics Collection ........................................ 10 2.3.3 Semi-volatile Organics and Particulate Collection ......................... 15 3 . Data. Results. and Discussion ............................................... 19 3.1 Volatile Organic Emission Data ........................................... 19 3.2 Semi-volatile Organic Emissions Data ..................................... 36 5 . References .............................................................. 49 Appendix A. Quality Control Evaluation Report ...................................... 50 iii LIST OF FIGURES 1. SamplingBuildings .......................................................... 5 2 . Heating Apparatus in "Bum Hut" ................................................ 7 3. Diagram of Sampling System Used .............................................. 8 4 . Schematic of Volatile Organic Sampling Train ...................................... 9 5 . AEERUOCB (Organics Control Branch) Sample Log ................................ 12 6 . VOST Field Data Sheet ..................................................... 13 7. Semi-volatile Sampling Worksheet .............................................. 16 8. TCOMassData ........................................................... 34 9 . GRAV Mass Data ......................................................... 35 LIST OF TABLES .Table Paae 1. Compounds Identified by GCIMS from VOST Runs ................................ 20 2 . D-BenzeneData .........................................................20 3 . Type 1 (VOST) Condition 1 ................................................. 21 4 . Type 1 (VOST) Condition 2 .................................................22 5 . Type 1 (VOST) Condition 3 .................................................23 6 . Type 2 (VOST) Condition 1 .................................................24 7 . Type 2 (VOST) Condition 2 ................................................. 25 8 . Type 2 (VOST) Condition 3 ................................................. 26 9 . Type3(VOST)Condition1 ................................................. 27 10 . Type 3 (VOST) Condition 2 .................................................. 28 11. Type 3 (VOST) Condition 3 ................................................... 29 12. SamplingData ........................................................... 30 13. Background Data (VOST) ................................................... 31 14. BlankData(V0ST) ....................................................... 33 15 . GRAVMassData ......................................................... 36 16. Compounds Identified by MS from XAD and Filter Extract Runs ....................... 37 17. Type 1 (TCO) Condition 1 ................................................... 38 18 . Type 1 (TCO) Condition 2 ................................................... 39 19. Type 1 (TCO) Condition 3 ................................................... 40 20 . Type 2 (TCO) Condition 1 ................................................... 41 21 . Type 2 (TCO) Condition 2 ................................................... 42 22 . Type2(TCO)Condition3 ................................................... 43 23 . Type 3 (TCO) Condition 1 ................................................... 44 24 . Type 3 (TCO) Condition 2 ................................................... 45 25 . Type 3 (TCO) Condition 3 ................................................... 46 26 . ASTMStandards ......................................................... 47 A.1 . Percent Bias For VOST PEAS .............................................. 52 A.2 . Results of External Audit .................................................. 54 A.3 . Accuracy and Precision Data for Semi-Volatiles .................................. 54 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors would like to recognize EPA/AEERL1sRay Steiber for his expertise in identifying compounds. The authors would like to thank Ken Krebs of Acurex for his analytical support and Ray Thomas of Acurex for his sampling support. PREFACE The Control Technology Center (CTC) was established by EPA's Office of Research and Development (ORD) and Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS) to provide technical assistance to state and local air pollution control agencies. Three levels of assistance can be accessed through the CTC. First, a CTC HOTLINE has been established to provide telephone assistance on matters relating
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