1- safety and rules 1. No drinking, eating or smoking is allowed in the lab. 2. Chemical contact should be washed immediately with copious amounts of water to notify the instructor. 3. Avoid inhaling any fumes. When necessary, a substance may be smelt by wafting (fanning) its vapor gently towards your hood (fume cupboard). 4. Whenever a reagent is discarded in the sink it should be flushed down the drain with copious amounts of water. Noxious gases may evolve from residual reagent in the drain. 5. Never point a test-tube of boiling liquid at your neighbor. It may be bump. 6. Develop the habit of keeping your hands away from your mouth, nose and eyes. This will reduce possibility of self-contamination. 7. Electrical equipment and connections should not be handled with wet hands, nor should electrical equipment be used after a liquid has been spilled on it. 8. Always switch off electrical apparatus at the mains when not on use. Switching off the apparatus by its own switch is not satisfactory. 9. If you see dangerous procedures taking place in the lab, please inform your instructor. 10. Hand washing is mandatory on leaving the laboratory. 11. Wear masks and gloves to prevent entrance of microorganisms and other contaminates, also help. 12. Use alcohol 70% as a deep contaminate. 13. For services, use alcohol or sodium hydrochloride 1 to 10.

2- Basic and Equipment

Balance Beaker Tongs

Used for measuring mass. Used to pick up beakers.

Beaker

Used to hold, mix, and heat liquids. Frequently used as a heat source in the absence of flammable materials.

Buret Tongs

Used for dispensing an accurate Used to hold . volume of a liquid.

Erlenmeyer Flask Clay Triangle Used to hold and mix chemicals. The Used to support a crucible during small neck is to facilitate mixing heating. without spilling.

Crucible

Used for holding chemicals during Used to heat liquids for evaporation. heating to very high temperatures.

Forceps Mortar and Pestle

Used to pick up or hold small objects. Used to crush and grind materials.

Funnel Pipet Bulb

Used to transfer liquids or fine-grained Used to draw liquids into a pipe. materials into containers with small openings. Also used for filtration.

Ring Clamp

Used with a ring stand to hold glassware, such as a beaker or a Used to measure a precise volume of funnel. a liquid.

Ring Stand Stirring Rod

Used to hold or clamp laboratory Used for stirring and mixing. glassware and other equipment in place, so it does not fall down or come apart.

Test Tube

Used to hold and mix liquids.

Scoopula

Used to transfer solids.

Test Tube Clamp

Used to hold a test tube, particularly

when hot. Striker

Used to light a Bunsen burner.

Test Tube Rack

Used to hold several test tubes at one Used to prepare solutions to an time. accurate volume.

Thermometer (digital or Volumetric Pipet alcohol, not mercury) Used to measure small amounts of Used to measure temperature in liquid very accurately. Never pipet by Celsius. mouth! Use pipetting aids.

Utility Clamp

Used to secure glassware to a ring Used to rinse pieces of glassware and stand. to add small quantities of water.

Watch Glass

Used to hold solids while they are Used to support a container, such as a being weighed or to cover a beaker. beaker, on a ring stand while it is being heated. May have a fiberglass or ceramic center.