Experiment 1 Check-in, Safety, Identification of Lab Equipment, and an Introduction to Graphing Name_________________________ Date____________________ LEARNING OBJECTIVES To understand lab safety rules and learn how to work safely in the lab To be able to identify common laboratory equipment and understand their uses To be able to light a Bunsen burner and adjust the flame appropriately To understand how to graph experimental data APPARATUS 250 mL Beaker (1 for demonstration) 250 mL Erlenmeyer Flask (1 for demonstration) Crucible and Lid (1 for demonstration) Evaporating Dish (1 for demonstration) Stirring Rod (1 for demonstration) Crucible Tongs (1 for demonstration) 10 mL Graduated cylinder (1 for demonstration) 100 mL Graduated cylinder (1 for demonstration) Ring Stand fitted with Iron Ring (1 for demonstration) Clay Triangle (placed near ring stand fitted with iron ring) (1 for demonstration) Wire Gauze (placed near ring stand fitted with iron ring) (1 for demonstration) 5 mL Pipet, 10 mL Pipet, and Pipet bulb (1 for demonstration) Ring Stand fitted eth Buret Clamp and 50 mL buret (1 for demonstration) Funnel (placed near ring stand and buret) (1 for demonstration) 50 mL or 100 mL Volumetric Flask with Cap (1 for demonstration) Funnel (placed near buret) (1 for demonstration) Test Tube and Test Tube Holder (1 for demonstration) Thermometer (1 for demonstration) Split rubber stopper (placed near thermometer) (1 for demonstration) MATERIALS None Page 1 INTRODUCTION There are two major purposes for the chemistry laboratory experience. One of these is to reinforce those concepts being taught in the classroom. The other is to obtain practical experience in the utilization of chemical laboratory equipment. The laboratory component of this course is vital to fully mastering the competencies for this course. As we proceed through the semester, hopefully the labs will fulfill these purposes. Although each lab is designed with the above criteria in mind, the first goal is SAFETY. Lab safety is always a primary concern in designing any experiment. Careful thought has been given in the design of each of the labs that you will perform. But chemistry labs involve using glassware, heating compounds, reacting dangerous chemicals, and other hazards. Therefore, during this lab, we will spend a significant amount of time discussing safety. Once we have discussed lab safety, you will be introduced to some considerations when dealing with chemicals and some of the equipment that you will be using this semester. Being able to properly work with chemicals and identify glassware and other equipment is essential for conducting labs. Another skill that will be needed throughout the semester is the ability to graph data We will discuss proper graphing techniques during this lab. I have included an exercise sheet entitled “Graphing Exercises” in this lab. Page 2 LAB SAFETY There is NO substitute for being safe in the laboratory. Therefore, each of us must follow the safety rules listed below. 1 If you are nursing, pregnant or become pregnant during the semester, inform your instructor. 2 Goggles (or other approved eye protection) must be worn at all times when chemicals are being used in the lab. Your lab instructor will determine if eye protection is needed in the lab. If you wear glasses, you must wear goggles over them unless they are safety approved for use in the lab. Contact lenses are allowed in the lab. 3 Close-toed shoes must be worn in the lab. Flip flops or open-toed shoes are not allowed. The reason for this is that containers of chemicals may be dropped to the floor or if glassware is broken, cuts can easily occur if the feet are not properly covered. 4 Food or drinks are not allowed in the lab. Also, you should not place candy, gum, etc. in your mouth while in the lab. 5 Many of the chemicals used in the labs are poisonous. Poisons can easily enter the body via three routes: inhalation, ingestion, or absorption. Inhalation - breathing in vapors. When it is necessary to smell a chemical or the gas produced in a reaction, use your can to gently waft the chemical to your nose and breathe in slightly. DO NOT inhale deeply as the odor may be very intense. Ingestion - taking in by the mouth. This is the major reason why food and drinks are not allowed in the lab. After working in the lab, it is mandatory that you wash your hands thoroughly. Also, many students find that they need to wash their forearms since chemicals may have splashed onto them. Absorption - passing through the skin. If you spill chemicals on your skin, wash immediately with soap and water. Also, if you are wearing rings or a watch, be certain to wash underneath them. As an added note, your hands are rough and callused and you may not notice if they have chemicals on them. Therefore, you need to wash your hands prior to using the restroom and ALWAYS wash your hands prior to placing them near your eyes or mouth. Page 3 LAB SAFETY (CONTINUED) 6 Many of the labs involve the used of chemicals and/or a burner. Therefore long hair should be placed into a ponytail or otherwise tied back during these labs. 7 Each of you should become familiar with the location and operation of the eye wash and safety shower located in the lab. If you get any chemical in your eyes, IMMEDIATELY rinse your eyes in the eye wash. Please assist any student to the eye wash station since he/she may not be able to find it in an emergency. If hazardous chemicals are splashed onto a large area of clothing, it is imperative that you get to the safety shower as quickly as possible. Also, since the shower needs to come in contact with your skin (not your clothing), you must remove the affected clothing. Although this may seem extreme, it is necessary. 8 You should also make yourself familiar with the location of the exits (including the emergency exit). 9 All accidents or injuries (no matter how insignificant or small) must be reported to your lab instructor. 10 Fires are a hazard that may occur during many lab experiments. Most fires can be allowed to burn themselves out or smothered by covering them. In the case of a major fire, notify your lab instructor and evacuate the lab. 11 Purses, backpacks, coats, etc. should be moved to the area designated by your instructor to prevent chemicals being spilled on them. Also these items present a major trip hazard in the lab. The only items that need to be kept at the lab bench are those that will be used during the lab. 12 When holding or heating a test tube, never point it toward yourself or anyone else. 13 Hot glassware and cold glassware look the same. To test if glassware is hot, place your hand near it. If the air is warm, them the glassware is probably hot. 14 When diluting acids, always add the acid to water. This will allow heat to dissipate more easily and also if a splash occurs, the more dilute solution will be splashed out of the container. 15 If you break glassware, notify your instructor to receive a replacement. Never dispose of broken glassware in the trash can. Always dispose of broken glass in the broken glass containers. Page 4 LAB SAFETY (CONTINUED) 16 Not all chemicals can be disposed of by placing in the trash can or pouring down the drain. Your instructor will provide instructions for the disposal of chemicals. Paper, matches, and compounds that do not dissolve in water should NOT be washed down the sink. 17 An MSDS (Material Data Safety Sheet) is available for each of the chemicals used in your labs. It is your right to review these sheets if you desire. 18 If you spill chemicals during the lab, clean them up immediately. 19 After completing your lab, clean all glassware and place it back into the draw. Wipe down your lab bench and leave the lab ready for the next group of students. PROPER USE OF CHEMICALS 1 Only open one reagent container at a time and replace the lid or stopper after use. This will prevent cross-contamination of reagents. Do not lay lids or stoppers down since they can become contaminated or they could contaminate the lab bench. 2 When dispensing from a large container, it may be useful to pour into a small beaker first. 3 Do not dispense more chemicals than needed. DO NOT pour unused chemicals back into the dispensing bottle. 4 When dispensing solids, do not interchange spatulas. Put the lid on the container after you have dispensed the reagent needed. 5 When using a balance, never weigh directly onto the pan. Use weighing paper or weigh into a container such as a beaker. CLEAN THE BALANCE AFTER USE. Page 5 DISCUSSION QUESTIONS FOR LAB SAFETY AND PROPER USE OF CHEMICALS 1. What equipment is needed for eye protection? 2. Where is the location of the eye wash stations? Explain how to use the eye wash. 3. What are the three methods that poison easily enters the body? 4. When is it necessary to report an accident or injury in the lab? 5. Where should all unnecessary clothing, backpacks, purses, etc. be placed while conducting labs? 6. How should broken glass be disposed? 7. Where should trash, paper, and other non-hazardous solids be disposed? 8. What is an MSDS and do you have access to it? 9. Whose responsibility is it to maintain a clean lab and clean the glassware in the lab drawers? 10.