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Walter SCHMID, Noreia in Der Überlieferung

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Walter SCHMID, Noreia in Der Überlieferung Blätter für Heimatkunde 8 (1930) Jtoreia in ber Überlieferung. Don Prof. Dr. ©alter Sd )m i b. fln meine (Brabungsergebniffe in St. ITlargaretfjen bei Silberberg Ijat fid) eine Diskuffion geknüpft. 3n Kärnten rourbe tloreia für f)ob,enftein beiSt .Dei t in flnfprud) genommen. Damit jebermann in ber tage fei, feibft über öie Be­ rechtigung meiner (Bleichling St. tflargaretbens mitIlorei a 3U entfdieifcen, ftelle idj im folgenben bie Iladjridjten 3ufammen, bie tloreia ermähnen1. Ä. Die Staöt tlorein. Der (Drt tloreia roirb genannt: 1. Bei Sempronius flfellio in ben Sd)oIia Bern. (lib. 5, fr. 9) ab Derg. (Eeorg. III, 474: Norica castella dixit ab urbe Noreia, quae est in Gallia, ut Äsellio historiarum non ignarus docet. Sempronius flfellio ift fpäteftens 159 D. (Et)r. geboren; nad) (Bell.2 , 13,3 ma r er unter p. Scipio flfricanus tTlilitär- tribun uor tlumantia (134) unbfei n im (Ereifertalter begonnenes tDerk reichte nad) (Eellius 13, 22, 8 roenigftens bis 91 0. Gfjr. Dergilius benannte „bie norifdjen Befeftigungsroerke nad) ber Stabt tloreia, bie in (Ballien liegt, roie , ber gefd)id)tskunbige flfellio Icrjrt". (Ballien, (Balatien ift im Sinne älterer römifdjer Sdjriftfteller als bie grofje, non ben Römern nod) nidjt geglieberte Dölkermaffe uotu fltlantifdjen (D3ean bis 311m flbriatifd)en tTleere aufgefaßt; äfjnlid) nennt £ioius öie(Dftalpenkelte n (39,22 ,6 ,7 ; 39,45 ,6 , 7; 43,5 ,1—5 ; 44, 14, 1; 55, 1—3) Qalli Transalpini, Gallici populi, Älpini populi, ein t)in- roeis, baf5 bie ein3elnen Stämme infolge ber nod) nid)t abgefdjloffenen tDan- berungen im (Dftalpengebiet nod) in kein engeres ftaatlidjes Dertjältnis 3uein- anber getreten roaren. 2. Bei Strabo V, 214: „flquileia liegt aufterrjatb ber uenetifdjen (Bremen; benn biefe roeröen öurd) einen ben fllpen entftrömenben Jluft (mabrfdjeinlid) dagliamento) begren3t, roeldjer eine fjinauffarjrt non 1200 Stabien bis 3ur 1 tjenn Regierungsrat Prof. Dr.81 .Sigmun b unbProf . Dr.K .Kniel u füfyle id) mid) für iljte freunblicfye Beratung 3U I)er3li(rtem Danke netpflidjtet. 5 Stabt tloreia bat, in beten Umgebung (*ep{ 9fi seil. wiXtv) (Eneius darbo Cotulia Mascli et Vibia Vibi viva fil(ia). Vibianus fecit. „(Eotulia, doebter gegen bie Kimbern in Kampf geriet, aber nichts ausrichtete. Diefe (Eegenö bat öes ITlasclus, unö Dibia, doccjter öes Dibius (ber Ietjteren rouröe bas Denk­ ergiebige (Bolöroäfdjen unö difengruben." mal bei £eb3eiten erridjtet). Dibianus liefe es erridjten." 5041: Secundinus Die £änge bes alten r)anöelsroeges oon flquileia nad) tloreia gibt Strabo Utes (filius) vi(vus) fe(cit) si(bi) et Vibi(a)e Ädiecti (Hliae) et Secundin(a)e mit 1200 Stabien (= 150 römifeben UTeilen) an. Strabo legt feinen Berech­ ii(liae) an(norum) XX et Senicioni fi(lio) an(n)o(rum) XXX. Secunöinus, nungen bas italifcb.e fldjtelmetlenftaöion 3U 185 tlteter 3ugrunbe (VII, 322); Sotm öes Jttes, bett öas (Braböenkmal bei £eb3eiten erridjtet für fid), feine bas ergibt für öie (Entfernung flquileia—tloreia 222 Kilometer, eine 3af)I, bie Jrau Dibia, dod)ter bes flbiectus, feine mit 20 3al)ren nerftorbene dodjter öer roirklidjen (Entfernung non 225 Kilometern febr nabe kommt. Bered)net Secunöina unö öen mit 30 Jahren oerftorbenen Sohn Senicio. man bas Stabion nad) öem feltenen attifdjen Staöion bes Polnbius 3U Das engere Stammesgebiet öer daurisker umfafjte (Dberfteiermark mit 177,6 ITleter, ergeben 1200 Staöien 213 Kilometer. öer dauernkette, öie uon itmen öen Hamen erhielt, ©ber- unö tTlittelkärnten dolöuorkommen in öer Umgebung uon St. Ulargaretben finö am Silber­ unö (Dberkrain mit öem£aibad)e r Becken einfdjliefelid) tlauportus-ffiberlaibad). berg, auf öer <£reben3e unö in Kliening im £auanttale in golöfjältigen Kiefen Der Befit3 biefes roidjtigen r)afen- unb Stapelplatzes, in bem bie EDaren, öie- in kriftallinen Sdjiefern feftgeftellt rooröen. Die (Eifener3e im (Bebiete oon »on flquileia über öie (Dkra (Bimbaumerpaft) gebracht unö auf Sdjiffe oer- St. JTlargarerfjen bis Qüttenberg finö teils ITlagnet-, teils Roteifenfteine, teils laöen mürben, fidjerte öen dauriskern reidje Durd)fubr3ölle unö öie Betjerr- für öie Stabjeqeugung uricfitxge Spateifenfteine, ib.r Abbau mirö feit oor- fdjung öes fjanbels nad) Sifcia unö Pannonien. gefdjidjtlicber unö römifd)er 3eit betrieben2. 5. tlabula Peutingeriana (Anfang öes 3. 3af)rf)unöerts n. dljr.): Viruno 3. daefar, Bell. (Bau. I, 5: Helvetii ... Boiosque, qui trans Rhenum XIIII (milia passuum) Matucaio XIII Noreia XIII Noreia (irrtümlid) incoluerant et in agrum Noricum transierant Noreiamque oppug- roieöerliolt) XIIII ad pontem (Sdjeifling). nabant reeeptos ad se socios sibi adsciseunt. „Die t)elnetier Ijaben öie Boier, Die dntfernung non 27 römifeben ITleilen (= 40 Kilometer) füljrt genau öie iljre tDobnfiije jenfeits öes Rheins gehabt Ratten unö in öas (Bebiet oon 3um tjerrenfjaufe öer t)ol3fabrik in dinöö, bei öem öie 3nfd)riftfteine Ilorikum ge3ogen roaren unö Iloreia belagerten, als Bunöesgenoffen bei fid) CIL III 5043, 5044 bis 5049 gefunöen muröen3. aufgenommen unö als deiinetjmer (am 3uge nad) (Ballien) geroonnen." Die 3n dinöö ftanö öie römifdje Poftftation tloreia, öie itjren Hamen non öer Boier, öie unter germanifdjem Druck oor öer ITlitte öes 1.Jabrfjunöert s o. (Ebr. Dorgefd)id)tlid)en Sieölung in St. triargaretljeu übernommen t)at. 3n öiefe iljre EDofjnfifce in Böhmen uerlaffen unö fid) an öer Donau um Prefjburg unö dntfernungsangabe fügt fid) fet)r gut ein öer tTleilenftein non St. (Beorgen bei in Pannonien nieöergelaffen haben, in öer Hät)e ifjrer im Jaljre 191 aus öem tleumarkt CIL III 5731 (= 13.533): D(omino) n(ostro) Fl(avio) Val(erio) (Bebiete oon Bologna nertriebenen Stammesü-ermanöten, nerliejjen nad) öer Constantino p(atri) p(atriae) invicto Äug(usto)[a] V[ir(uno)?][m] p XXXII ferneren Hieöerlage, öie fie um öas Dafjr 58 oom Dakerkönig Boirebiftas (47-360 Kilometer)4. erlitten, iljre Si^e in Pannonien unö 3ogen an Iloreia norbei nad) (Ballien. Das gegen Boirebiftas 3uftanöe gekommene Bünönis öer Boier unb daurisker batte fid) nacb öer oerniebtenöen Sd)lad)t in Jeinöfdjaft umgeroanöelt. B. Die Schlacht bei tloreia. 4. Plinius (f 79 n. df)r.), Nat hist. III, 19, 131: In hoc situ interiere ... tloreia als <Drt öer Sd)lad)t im Jatjre 113 r». dljr. mirö nur bei Strabo Carnis Segesta et Ocra, Tauriscis Noreia. „Jn öiefer (Begenö gingen 3U ermahnt (ogl. S. 6). (Brunöe ... bei öen Karnern Segefta unö (Dkra, bei öen dauriskern Iloreia." dine Scfjilberung ber Sd)lad)t oljne tlennung öes (Drtes gibt flppian, Jm erften Jab.rr>unöert n. dr)r. fdjeint öie Staöt tloreia non einer Kataftropbe Römifdje (Befd)id)te, 4. Bud), Kapitel 13: „dine 3al)lreid)e Sdjar non deutonen Ijeimgefucbt rooröen 3U fein. Dafj öas £eben in tloreia trofcöem nidjt uöllig (= Kimbern) fiel plünbernö in öas (Bebiet non Ilorikum ein. Da befürchtete nernidjtet rouröe, lehren öie Jnfcfjriften CIL III 5040 unö 5041, öie im öer römifetje Konful papirius darbo, fie möchten aud) in Italien einbringen, Kirchturme non St. tTlargaretb,en in Iloreia eingemauert finö. 5040: unö befehle öesroegen öie flipen, roo öer Durdjgang am engften ift. Als aber jene nid)t angriffen, ging er felbft auf fie los, unter öer Befdmlöigung, öafe 2 Dgl. ba3U tlTitterborfer, Die Kreben3enalpe, Carintfyia 13, 1823, S. 81 ff. — <E.Rieöl , Die (Bolöbergbaue Kärntens, Sonberafiör. aus öer töjterr. 3eitfd)rift für 3 Berg- unö tjüttentoefen, IDien 1873. — ID. fjofkiuer, Bergroerksgeograptjie töfter- Dgl. ba3u f). ©utfdjex, tleumaxkt in Steiermark, 1909, S. 13f . reid)s, S. 29 f. — XV. Beriet öer römifd)-germanifd)en Kommiflicm, 1925, S. 195. 4 Dgl. ba3u n. Koljn, Die römifd)e t)eerftrafee DonDirunu m nad) ©uilaua, Sitj.- — tnüniebsborfer, t)üüenberg. Ber. bei Hkab. öer BJiff., BJien, 1875, S. 406ff . 6 7 fie in öas £anö öer tloriker, öie (Baftfreunöe öer Römer feien, eingefallen C. Deteljrung öer Göttin tloreia in öen ©ftalpenlänoem. mären. 3u (Baftfreunöen madjten öie Römer öie, öenen fie öen ditel „Jreunöe" 1. EDeifjmörting, tlieberbanern C I L III 5613 (= 11781)=Vollmer, oerliefjen, aber tlotroenöigkeit lag nid?t oor, ihnen roie Bunöesgenoffen 3U Inscriptiones Bavariae Romanae 434. Noreiae [FVug(ustae)] sacrum [Sep-] rjelfen. Sobalö fid) nun darbo öen deutonen näherte, fcbickten fie 3U ifnn: Sie timius C[lau]dianus, t[ribu]nus co[h(ortis)V] Breuc(orum) Ph[ilippi]an[ae] hätten nicht geroufjt, öafe öas tlorikerianö 3Uöe n Römern in gaftfreunöfcbaft- pro s[e suisque] v(otum) r(eddidit) l(aetus) l(ubens) [m(erito)]. Iid;er Beziehung, ftefje, fie roüröen in 3ukunft non iljnen ablaffen. darbo lobte „tloreia flugufta fjeilig. Septimius dlauöianus, dribun öer fünften ptji- fie unö gab ihnen EDegroeifer, t?eimlid) aber hatte er öen Führern aufgetragen, üppifdjen Kotjorte ber Breuker, rjat öas (Belüböe für fid) unb bie Seinen mit fie einen roeiteren EDeg berun^ufüfjren. dr felbft eilte auf öem Meeren 5Freuöen erfüllt." Die Kotjorte mar feit 80 n. dljr. in Ilorikum ftationiert. ooraus unö überfiel öie deutonen unoermutet in ifjrer Raftftellung, büfjte aber Dgl. Pauln-EDifforoa, Real-dn3t)klopäöie, IV., S. 259. Der Stein ftammt mit für feine dreulofigkeit öurctj öen Derluft oieler £eute. Balö Ijätte er alle oer- gröf5ter EOatjrfdjeinlidjkeit oon ber Jnnmünbung, rouröe bei Abtragung Ö2r loren, tiätte nid)t öie Dämmerung unö öer Regen unö ein fcbroeres (Beroitier, Kircbe oon EOeiljmörting gegenüber non Sdjärbing in öer ITlauer uerbaut öas nod) roätjrenö öer Sd)lad)t ausbrach., fie getrennt unö öem Kampfe öurd) gefunöen unö befinöet fidj jetjt im ITlufeum 3U £anösljut. öen Strecken non oben ein dnöe gemad)t. dro^öem flogen öie Römer nerei^elt 2. dilli. a) C I L III 5188. I(ovi) o(ptimo) m(aximo) et Cel(eiae) et in öie EDälöer unö fanöen fid) kaum am öritten dage 3ufammen. Unö öie Noreiae sanct(a)e Ruii(us) Senilis b(ene)f(iciarius) co(n)s(ularis) pro se et deutonen 3ogen ins (Bebiet öer (Balater." — „Die abenteuerlichen EDege öes kimbrifdjen EDanöeroolhes" (d. tloröen, (Berm. Urgefd)., S. 224) gingen suis v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito). nicht längs öer Drau, fonöern oon tloreia über öie dauern „längs öem füö- „Juppiter, deleia unö tloreia tjeilig.
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