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Home , Rowlatt Act

History Chapter – 13 Date: 19/01/2021 Short and Long Questions and Answers The Nationalist Movement (1919 – 1947) C. Answer in one or two sentences. 1. What does the term ‘ ’ mean? Ans. Satyagraha was a term coined by to describe his pursuit of truth, using non-violent means. 2. What was the Rowlatt Act? What horrific incident did it result in? Ans. The Rowlatt Act was an Act passed by the British to suppress dissent among the Indians. By this Act, the government could arrest any person without trial, and search any place without a warrant. Hundreds of unarmed people who had gathered at the JallianwalaBagh in to protest against the Rowlatt Act were fired upon and killed by the British military troops under the command of General Dyer. 3. Why was the sent to India? Why did the Indians oppose it? Ans. The Simon Commission was sent to India to evaluate the status of constitutional reforms introduced by the Government of India Act, 1919. The Indians opposed the Simon Commission because there was not a single Indian member in it. 4. Why was the launched? Ans. During the First World War, the Allied Forces comprising Britain and France inflicted a crushing defeat on Turkey, which greatly diminished the power of the Sultan of turkey, who was also the Khalif (religious head) of the Sunni Muslims around the world. The Khilafat Movement was a protest movement led by Indian Muslims to put pressure on the British to preserve the authority of the Ottoman Caliphate. 5. Why was the Dandi March undertaken? Ans. The Dandi March was undertaken to protest against the unjust Salt Laws passed by the British Government that forbade Indians from making salt and also imposed heavy duties on it. 6. What were the main features of the Government of India Act, 1935? Ans. The Government of India Act, 1935, sought to establish India as a federation of British-ruled provinces and princely states. The Act also introduced provincial autonomy. However, it failed to satisfy the Indians as there was no real autonomy for them, and all the power continued to be wielded by the British. 7. What were the recommendations of the Cabinet Mission? Ans. The Cabinet Mission recommended the formation of an interim government consisting of all the parties, and the setting up of a Constituent Assembly to frame a new Constitution for independent India.

D. Answer in a paragraph. 1. What was the Non-Cooperation Movement? Why did Gandhiji call it off? Ans. In December 1920, the Congress launched the Non-Cooperation Movement with the aim of attaining or self-rule. It asked people to refuse to cooperate with the British Government. People across the country gave up government jobs and titles, withdrew their children from government schools and colleges and boycotted foreign goods. The government tried to forcibly put down the movement. By 1921, most of the nationalist leaders, except Gandhi, were imprisoned. Despite being crushed, the Non-Cooperation Movement was the first of the nationalist movements to turn into a mass movement. During the Non-Cooperation Movement, a protest rally led by Congress workers in ChauriChaura (Uttar Pradesh) turned violent when the police fired on them. The peasants retaliated and several policemen were killed. Gandhi was shocked at the outbreak of violence, and called off the Non-Cooperation Movement. 2. Write a note on the revolutionaries who emerged in the 1920s. Ans. Impatient at the slow progress of the freedom struggle, some freedom fighters took a more revolutionary form of protest against the British rule in the late 1920s (i) was a noted revolutionary and freedom figher. He, along eith his associates, Ashfaqullah khan and Roshan Singh attempted to loot the government treasury that was being carried in a train at Kakori. He was sentenced to death and executed in December 1927. (ii) was one of the leading revolutionaries in India’s freedom struggle. Along with his associate Chandrasekhar Azad, Singh rebuilt the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) in 1924, to fight for India’s independence. The association adopted radical methods to achieve India’s complete independence from British rule. (iii) Bhagat Singh and his associates Rajguru and Sukhdev killed Saunders, the British officer who had ordered the lathi charge in which LajpatRai was injured. Later, Chandrasekhar Azad killed a police officer who was pursuing Singh and his two associates. (iv) Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev were hanged on 23 March 1929. Since then, Bhagat Singh is popularly referred to as ‘Shaheed Bhagat Singh- a martyr to the cause of a free India’. 3. What was the ? What the significance of this movement? Ans. The All India Congress Committee met in Bombay on 18 August 1942 and passed the historic Quit India Resolution. Under the guidance of Mahatma Gandhi, the resolution proposed to start a ‘mass struggle on non-violet lines’ to end British rule in India. a. However, on the following day, Gandhi and most other Congress leaders were arrested. This left the people in disarray. There were strikes and demonstrations everywhere. b. A desperate government tried to quell the movement by resorting to firings, lathi charge and arrests. c. To defy the government, the protestors took to violence, much against Gandhi’s wishes. d. While the movement was eventually crushed, it strengthened the resolve of the Indians to put an end to British rule. 4. What was Subhash Chandra Bose’s contribution to the Indian freedom movement? Ans. 1. Unconvinced by the non-violent approach adopted by the Congress, Subhash Chandra Bose decided to fight the British using other means. 2. In 1943, Bose announced the establishment of the Government. 3. In 1943, he reached Singapore where he raised and trained an army of around 40,000 troops. This army was called the (INA) or the Azad Hind Fauj. 4. In 1945, Bose announced the establishment of the Azad High Government. 5. The INA launched an attack on India, but was defeated by the British army. 6. However, Bose’s campaign ignited the patriotic spirit in the country at a crucial time in the freedom struggle. It also helped further weaken a Britain already reeling after the World Wars, and thus hastened Britain’s exit from India. 5. What were the main features of the Indian Independence Act? Ans. 1. In July 1947, the British passed the Indian Independence Act. The Act formally ended British rule in India. 2. Power was transferred to the two new dominions of India and Pakistan. 3. The provinces of Bengal and Punjab were to be divided on the basis of Muslim and non-Muslim majority areas. 4. The princely states were free to join either India or Pakistan or to remain independent. 5. Pakistan became independent on 14 August 1947, while India became independent on 15 August 1947.

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