6 X 10. Three Lines .P65

Home , Archbishop of Armagh, Archbishop of Dublin, Bishop of Ardagh, Bishop of Kildare, George Dowdall, John Alen

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-77038-5 - Enforcing the English Reformation in Ireland: Clerical Resistance and Political Conflict in the Diocese of Dublin, 1534-1590 James Murray Index More information

INDEX

absenteeism Armagh, archbishop of, 21, 42 clerical, 174 see also Bole, John; Creagh, Richard; act for the kingly title, 127–8, 129–30, Cromer, George; Dowdall, George; 134–6, 147, 188, 218 Loftus, Adam; Long, John; Wauchop, act of resumption, 176, 177 Robert act of six articles, 136, 138–9, 140, 142, Armagh, diocese of, 27 144, 155 Aylmer, Gerald Sir, chief justice, 114–18, act of uniformity, 257 120, 190 Acworth, Dr George, vicar general of Dublin, 297–8, 303–4, 308 Bale, John, bishop of Ossory, 145, 201, Adrian IV, Pope, 56, 63 202, 228 Alen, John, archbishop of Dublin, 23, 72, 91 Ball, John, vicar general of Dublin, 268, 269, and the primatial question, 43–5 270, 272, 273, 274, 276–7, 285, 287, authority over regular clergy, 85 292, 297, 300–2, 308 murder of, 83, 88 criticisms of, 288–9, 290 praemunire fine, 83–4 Ballymore deanery parishes, 329 Alen, Sir John Ballymore manor, 60, 132, 175 and act for the kingly title, 128–30 Baltinglass revolt, 310–11 and Christ Church Cathedral scheme, Barnewall, Edmund, treasurer of St Patrick’s 162–7 Cathedral, 270, 271 lord chancellor of Ireland, 129, 157, Barnewall family, barons of Trimblestone, 179 166, 190–2 Barnewall, Patrick, 171, 177, 179 master of the rolls, 114 Basnet, Edward, dean of St Patrick’s opposition to viceroys, 115–22, 190–9 Cathedral, 141, 174, 186, 195 proponent of royal supremacy, 114–15 Bathe, James, chief baron, 171 Aleyn, John, dean of St Patrick’s Cathedral Bathe, Robert, 154, 171, 177, 180, 246 analysis of will, 48–54 Bellew, James, 311 attitude to the poor, 49 Bellingham, Sir Edward, 199, 201 extract from will, 48 Betagh, Richard, canon of St Patrick’s litigious disputes with Archbishop John Cathedral, 273–4 Walton, 55, 56, 63–4 Bird, John, 297, 308, 310 proponent of local patriotism, 52–3 bishoprics support for ‘faithful Catholics’, 53, 63 ‘of small value’, 23 Allen, Hugh, bishop of Down, 291 valuations, 22 Anglo-papal relations, 214–19 bishops, 224, 246, 281 archiepiscopal visitations, 103–7, 268–80 Munster, 137 Ardagh, 35–6 papally appointed, 134 Armagh, 20, 46, 62, 181, 183, 210, 212, Bole, John, archbishop of Armagh, 65 254, 266 Book of Common Prayer, 201, 216, 257, canon law and rule of law, 181–8 261, 277 dispute with Dublin over primacy, 41–5 Brabazon, Sir William, 114, 116–18, 120–3, medieval registers, 15 129, 162, 166–7

345

© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-77038-5 - Enforcing the English Reformation in Ireland: Clerical Resistance and Political Conflict in the Diocese of Dublin, 1534-1590 James Murray Index More information

346 Index

Brady, Hugh, bishop of Meath, 259, martyrs, 312 263, 295 penal legislation, 314 Bray deanery parishes, 330 restoration, 204–41, 319, 321 brigandage, 59, 132 canon law, 208–10, 211–13, 219–21 Browne, Christopher, canon of St Patrick’s ‘Catholic Nationalism’, 318 Cathedral, 273, 277, 286–93, 300 Cecil, Sir William, Lord Burghley, 46, Browne, George, archbishop of Dublin, 61, 178, 296 198, 199, 206 celibacy, 138, 139, 142, 145, 147, 213, canonical authority, 187 247, 248 children, 142, 170–1 chapter livings Christ Church Cathedral defence, 167–8 combined values in Dublin and Cashel deprived of archbishopric, 224, 228 provinces, 29 disloyalty to Lord Deputy St Leger, 193–4 Christ Church Cathedral, 31, 172, 254, 258 ecclesiastical property dealings, 170–2, downgrading scheme, 162–9 175–9 importance to English Irish society, 40–1 marriage settlement, 141–58 liturgical observance acts, 250 material rewards, 133 loyalty to crown, 38 proponent of St Leger’s reforms, 125–58 revenues, 164 protestant enthusiast, 199, 200, 201–2 threatened suppression of, 39 testimonial stratagem, 148–52 church Busher, Walter, vicar choral of St Patrick’s Irish, 127, 137, 295 Cathedral, 269 jewels and ornaments, 249, 251 Butler, Lord James, 10th earl of Ormond, plate, 37 113–15, 119, 161, 193 physical maintenance, 37, 249, 306, 310 death, 192 secularisation, 35 oppostion to Lord Deputy St Leger, 188–92 social codes, 34 Butler, Piers, earl of Ossory and earl of vestments, 249, 251, 257 Ormond, 113, 119 Church of England Byrne, Patrick, canon of St Patrick’s royal supremacy, see supremacy of the Cathedral, 228, 273, 288 crown churchwarden accounts (primary sources), 14 Cabragh, 173 clans, 26, 53, 63, 161 canon law, 54, 145, 181, 208, 246, 267, 319 attacks on Ballymore manor, 61 Lord Deputy St Leger’s reform project, control of prelates, 35 181–8 hereditary, see coarbs and erenaghs Protestant Reformation, 275–84 clergy restoration of Catholicism, 208–10, 211– concubinage, 35, 61, 138–9, 140–1, 13, 219–21 152, 154–6, 159, 212, 220, Cardiff, John, treasurer of Christ Church 222, 248, 277 Cathedral, 254–5 Irish, 59, 140, 156, 187, 212 Cartwright, Thomas, 300–1 parochial, 279 Cashel province threat of punishment under act of six combined values of cathedral chapter articles, 138 livings, 29 clergy, senior, see clerical elite Castle, Robert, dean of Christ Church clerical elite, 48, 204–7, 208 Cathedral, 165–6, 169 acceptance of Reformation, 187 Castlekevin manor, 60, 132 clerical marriage, 144–6 cathedral chapter livings complicity in ecclesiastical property values, 29 speculation, 178–80 cathedral property, see ecclesiastical property defence of Catholicism, 318 catholic Englishness, 47, 49, 63 disputes over ecclesiastical jurisdictions, Catholicism, 317 55, 63 beliefs, 49 Elizabethan settlement, 254–60 clerical elite’s defence, 318 opposition to Archbishop Loftus, 286–94 English, 63 opposition to Reformation, 16–17

Index 347

St Patrick’s cathedral re-establishment, Curwen, Richard, 227 232–41 Cusack, Sir Thomas, 134–5, 147, 182, 229, threat to authority, 62 233, 236–41 clerical marriage, 139, 141, 143, 144–6, 157, Cusack, Walter, chancellor of Dublin 159, 200, 220, 222, 247, 248, 277, 281 diocese, 72–3 separation of married clergy, 144 clerical vestments, 37 Daly, Robert, bishop of Kildare, 269 Clinton, Thomas, canon of St Patrick’s Darcy, Thomas, dean of St Patrick’s Cathedral, 65 Cathedral, 68, 72, 75 Clonmethan manor, 177 de Chierigatus, Francisco (papal nuncio), coarbs and erenaghs, 25, 42 22 ‘coign and livery’, 26–7 Delahide, David, 271 Comander, Robert, canon of St Patrick’s demography, 25 Cathedral, 269–70 Dillon, Edward, canon of St Patrick’s common law, 183, 185 Cathedral, 85–6, 88 communal ethos Dillon, John, canon of St Patrick’s Cathedral, English Irish, 37–47 274 Comyn, John, archbishop of Dublin, 42 diocesan administration, 17, 32, 183, 221, concubinage, 35, 61, 138–9, 140–1, 152, 248, 256–7, 262, 264, 267, 280, 281, 154–6, 159, 212, 220, 222, 248, 277 287, 297, 308 constitutional reform, 127–30 ineffectual jurisdictions, 59 constitutions of Cashel, 57 diocesan visitations, 213, see also corporate clergy, see clerical elite archiepiscopal visitations court of chancery, 245, 246 dissolution of the monasteries, see court of faculties, 298, 303, 309 suppression of the monasteries Cowley, Robert, 113, 129, 188 Dixon, Richard, bishop of Cork, 281 Cowley, Walter, 113, 189, 190, 192, 193 Donnelly, Terence, dean of Armagh, 222 Creagh, Richard, archbishop (papal) of Dowdall, George, 158, 181–4, 185 Armagh, 293 archbishop of Armagh, 186, 201, 320 Creef, Thomas, precentor of St Patrick’s death, 253 Cathedral, 113, 205, 225–6, 227, 228, kingdom of Ireland papal bull (1555), 257–9, 266, 268, 272–4, 275, 279, 215–19, 229–30 285, 288, 291, 293, 294, 300, 302 Prior of Ardee, 111, 158 Croft, Sir James, 21 rejection of Edwardian settlement, 200–3 Cromer, George, archbishop of Armagh, 45, restoration of Catholicism, 207–41 182, 185 royal supremacy, 217–19 Cromwell, Thomas, 137 St Patrick’s cathedral re-establishment, Archbishop John Alen’s letter to, 44 231–2 fall from power, 125, 126 support for St Leger’s reform project, letter to by six members of St Patrick’s 181–8 Cathedral chapter, 39 Dowling, Thady, 25, 284 role in enforcing reform in Ireland, 82–124 Down, bishopric of, 291 crown property, 131, 132, 206 Doyne, John, 281 Curwen, Hugh, archbishop of Dublin, 319 Drogheda, 210, 252 appointment to archbishopric, 224–7 Drury, Sir William, 304–7 Archbishop Browne’s ecclesiastical Du Bellay, Jean, bishop of Bayonne, 22 property dealings castigated, 176 Dublin education and early career, 226–7 Anglo-Norman settlement, 30, 50 liturgical observance acts, 250–2 archbishops, 30, 43–5, 202 publication of kingdom of Ireland papal see also Alen, John; Browne, George; bull, 230 Comyn, John; Curwen, Hugh; released from archbishopric, 259 Fitzsimon, Walter; Inge, Hugh; Henry response to Elizabethan settlement, of London; Loftus, Adam; Talbot, 253–60 Richard; Tregury, Michael, Walton, restoration of Catholicism, 242–53 John

348 Index

Dublin (cont.) communal ethos, 37–47, 252, 318 deanery defence of Christ Church Cathedral, 40–1 parishes, 325 disparagement of Gaelic Irish clergy, 40 diocese, 16, 168, 175, 177, 202, 204–5, Fingal (north County Dublin) community, 262, 276, 295, 308 51 consistory court, 32, 60, 104, 221, identity, 39, 40–1, 45, 47, 314 248, 266, 268, 280, 285, 288 opposition to coercive reform, 314–16 parishes, 324–36 preferential treatment of its poor, 50 dispute with Armagh over primacy, 41–5 English lordships, see independent lordships English ethos, 37–8 English Pale, 54, 58, 132, 158, 161, 180, fertile ground for Reformation, 46 208, 210, 220, 258, 293, 306 political benefits for Tudor regime, 45–6 alienation from established church, pre-Reformation, 20–47 309–13 province loyalty to the crown, 315 combined values of cathedral chapter opposition to coercive reform, 314–16 livings, 29 Enos, Edmund, canon of St Patrick’s wealth, 21–8 Cathedral, 274 Dublin Castle, 293 episcopal authority, 265, 267, 268 Dudley, Lord Robert, earl of Leicester, 302 episcopal estates, see ecclesiastical property Dundalk, 252 episcopal property, see ecclesiastical property Dutch Alliance, 315 Eustace, James, 3rd viscount Baltinglass, 305, 310, 311 early English gothic, 34 Eustace, Robert, canon of St Patrick’s Easter services, 250 Cathedral, 171, 178–9, 193, 196 ecclesiastical commissions, 196, 206, 208, evangelical faction in Irish administration, 261, 262, 266, 279–84, 291, 298, 299, 147–8 301, 305, 307 ‘Expugnatio Hibernica’ (Gerald of Wales), 57 ecclesiastical courts, 164, 294, see also Dublin; diocese; consistory court farming ecclesiastical documents material lack, 16 communities, 50, 52 ecclesiastical jurisdiction(s), 186, 208, 223 livestock, 25 disputes within clerical elite, 63 pastoral, 25 ecclesiastical law, see canon law Fertire, 132 ecclesiastical livings, 56, 138, 174, 175, Fiablis, Robert, canon of St Patrick’s 196, 219, 265, 306, 309 Cathedral, 39 ecclesiastical property, 21, 23–8, 24, 25, Fines, High Commission 161, 173, 184, 197, 231–3, 237–40, cumulative arrears (1568–82), 284 246, 319 on laity, 282–4, 308 alienation, 131, 132, 144, 170–2, 175–9 Fingal (north County Dublin), 51 levying of coign and livery on, 26–7 Fitzgerald family, 129, see also Geraldines revenues reduced by clan attacks, 60 Fitzgerald, James FitzJohn, earl of Desmond, stewardship, 24–5 133, 134, 150 economy Fitzgerald, Lord (‘Silken’) Thomas, 82 ecclesiastical, 26 rebellion of, 83–91 Gaelic Ireland, 25 clerical counsellors, 85–8 Edward VI, 161, 197, 202, 203, 319 Fitzsimon, Bartholomew, canon of St Edwardian Reformation, 197–203, 209 Patrick’s cathedral, 39, 205, 222, 223 Elizabeth I and Reformation in Ireland, 46, Fitzsimon, family, 74–5, 311 254–60, 261–316 Fitzsimon, Leonard, canon of St Patrick’s English Catholicism, 63 cathedral, 271 English Irish Fitzsimon, Richard, vicar of Swords, 74 alienation from established church, Fitzsimon, Robert, precentor of St Patrick’s 309–13 cathedral, 68, 73, 76, 104, 106, 153 canon law revival, 208–10, 211–13, Fitzsimon, Walter, archbishop of Dublin, 30, 219–21 54, 59, 70, 71, 76

Index 349

Fitzsimon, Thomas, 72 king of Ireland, 127–8, 129–30, 134–6, Fitzwilliam, Sir William, 284, 287, 290, 147, 160, 215 293, 294 seen as heretic, 129 Fleming, Thomas, canon of St Patrick’s Henry of London, archbishop of Dublin, 31 Cathedral, 274 heresy, 210 Fludde, William, 280 High Commission (1564), 261, 262 ‘four-square’ secular cathedrals, 28–33 High Commission (1568), 279–84, 291, 298, Fyche, family, 74–5 305, 307 Fyche, Geoffrey, dean of St Patrick’s High Commission (1577), 305, 307, 309, Cathedral, 71, 74–5, 83–4, 87–9, 310, 311 109–11 historiography Fyche, Richard, official principal of Dublin, of Reformation in Ireland, 1–13, 317–21 74 evaluations of Archbishop Curwen, Fyche, Thomas, sub-prior of Christ Church 242–3 Cathedral, 74 Holy Trinity priory, see Christ Church Cathedral Gaelic Irish Humphrey, James, precentor of St Patrick’s bias against, 46, 50, 52, 210, 211 Cathedral, 39, 196 lordships, 127, 130, 158, 161, 181, 185–7, opponent of Archbishop Browne, 109–12 190, 212 supports Browne’s marriage peasantry, 52 settlement,154 Gaelic lordships, 58 guardian of Browne’s children, 171 Gaelic settlement ally of St Leger regime, 175, 177, 180 medieval and Tudor periods, 34 resists dissolution of St Patrick’s, 195 gaelicisation, 58 death, 205 Galbally, John, canon of St Patrick’s Cathedral, 228 independent lordship(s), 21, 25, 26, 33, 37, Garvey, Robert, 298, 303–4 41, 52 Gerald of Wales (‘Expugnatio Hibernica’), 57 Inge, Hugh, archbishop of Dublin, 72 Geraldines, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 157, 181 Irish bishoprics Gerrard, Sir William, 292, 297–8, valuations, 22 306–9, 312 Irish church, 20–47, 127, 137, 295 Glendalough, 59, 60 primacy dispute, 41–5 Goldsmith, John, 191 Irish clergy, 59, 61, 140, 156, 187, 212 gothic Irish council, 130, 149, 151, 163, 181, early English, 34 185, 191, 216 government episcopal, see episcopal Irish parliament(s) authority medieval, 26, 38, 55, 63–5, 67–70, Grey, Lord Leonard, 18, 97, 108–13, 147, 76, 89 157, 158 1533, 45 opponents, 114–24 1536–7, 78, 88–90, 95, 99, 100, 101, opponents’ alliance with St Leger, 120–32, 108, 214, 223 162–3 1541–3, 127, 130, 134–5, 138–40, 146, Growe, Sir William, petty canon of St 148, 151–2, 156, 163, 215, 218 Patrick’s Cathedral, 37 1557–8, 176, 252, 257–8 1560, 254–5 Harold, Geoffrey 1569–71, 264 held Archbishop Tregury captive, 59 1585–6, 314–16 Harpsfield, Nicholas, 142 Henry II, 56, 57 Jeffrey, Simon, canon of St Patrick’s Henry VIII, 189, 197 Cathedral, 39, 205, 228 admonition to Archbishop Browne and Johnson, Richard, canon of St Patrick’s Lord Deputy St Leger, 151, 152–3 Cathedral, 238, 239, 247–8, catholic orthodoxy, 136–58 269, 273 Christ Church Cathedral, 167 Jones, Thomas, bishop of Meath, 315, 317

350 Index

Kearney, John, treasurer of St Patrick’s Luttrell, Sir Thomas, 171, 179 Cathedral, 274 Lynam, Christopher, canon of St Patrick’s Kildare, 52, 62 Cathedral, 38–9 Kildare, bishop of, 27 Kildare, County, 179 Maguire, Nicholas, bishop of Leighlin, 25 Kildare, rebellion, 128 manuscript sources, 14 Kilkenny, County, 179 Marcellus, doctor of laws, 64, 65 King, Matthew, 234–5 marcher borderlands, 58, 59, 60, 132 kingdom of Ireland papal bull, 213–19, marchers, 53 229–30, 244–5 marches, see marcher borderlands ‘king’s party’, 130–2, 157, 159, 178, 180 Marian restoration (of Catholicism), 204–41, kingly title, act for, 127–8, 129–30, 319 134–6, 147 marriage clergy, see clerical marriage laity martyrs, 312 fines levied, 278, 282–4, 308 Mary I, 204, 253, 319 land use, 25 Lord Deputy St Leger castigated, 239 Latin Prayer Book, 257 supremacy of the crown, 223 Laudabiliter (papal bull), 56, 58, 62, 63, McShane, Gerald, 120 65, 128, 210, 318 Meath, 21, 175 law (common), 183, 185 Meath, bishops of, see Brady, Hugh; Jones, lawlessness, 59, 61, 62 Thomas; Sherwood, William; Staples, legislation Edward; Walshe, William against Catholics, 314 medieval Catholicism, 49 Leinster, 132 medieval registers Leixlip deanery Armagh, 15 parishes, 333 Menywell, Ninian, canon of St Patrick’s Leverous, Thomas, dean of St Patrick’s Cathedral, 273 Cathedral, 225, 227, 229, 238, 246, metropolitan courts, 221 248, 254–5, 256 metropolitan visitations, see archiepiscopal licences of exemption, 175 visitations liturgy, 32, 36–7, 45, 201, 202, 216, 249, Miagh, Katherine, wife of Archbishop 250–2, 319 Browne, 141–2, 143, 154, 171, 180, livestock farming, 25 200, 206 local patriotism, 52 Miagh, Nicholas, 141, 154, 170, 171 Lockwood, Thomas, dean of Christ Church military retaining, 26 Cathedral, 173, 228 monasteries Loftus, Adam, archbishop of Dublin, 46, 47, suppression, 127, 135 317, 320, 321 Mowseherst, William, 171 archbishop of Armagh, 46, 262, 266 Munster, 129, 133, 137 canonical reform strategy, 275–84 coercive reform strategy, 303–13 Nangle, Robert, chancellor of St Patrick’s fines on laity, 282–4 Cathedral, 246, 272–3 Protestant Reformation, 261–316 ‘Nicolaitism’, 61 request for translation to English ‘noxials’(annual entertainments), 25 bishopric, 296 Nugent, Edward, 314 secular government, 294–303 Long, John, archbishop of Armagh, 315 O’Byrne clan, 27–8, 61, 170 lordships O’Donnell, Manus, 185 Gaelic, 58, 127, 130, 158, 161, 181, O’Farrell, William, bishop of Ardagh, 35 185–7, 190, 212 O’Lurchan, Hugh, 258 independent, 21, 25, 26, 33, 37, 41, 52 O’Neill clan, 161, 181, 212 Louth, County, 182 disputes with church authorities, 184 loyalist faction, see ‘king’s party’ O’Neill, Con Bacagh, 161, 181, 182, 185 Luttrell, Robert, 222, 223, 256 earl of Tyrone, 212

Index 351

O’Neill–O’Donnell concords, 185–7 protestant university plan, 263 O’Toole clan, 27–8, 61 provincial councils appeasement, 132 Armagh, 219–20 O’Toole, Art O´ g, 132 Dublin, 73, 76, 246, 248–9, 250, 275–7 O’Toole, Turlough, chief of O’Toole clan, 132 Omurthy deanery Radcliffe, Thomas, lord Fitzwalter, earl of parishes, 332 Sussex, 252, 253, 255, 270, 289, Ormanetto, Nicholas, bishop of Padua, 214 300–2 Ormond–St Leger dispute, see Butler, Lord Rathe, Christopher, precentor of Christ James, 10th earl of Ormond: opposition Church Cathedral, 254, 258 to Lord Deputy St Leger rectorial tithes, 32 recusancy, 315 Pale Maghery, 23, 50, 52 rents ecclesiastical property revenues, 60 failure of Church to levy, 27 papal authority, 128, 129, 130, 135, restoration of Catholicism, 204–41, 186, 217 319, 321 papal supremacy, 217–19 canon law, 208–10, 211–13, 219–21 papal–English relations, 214–19 resumption, act of (1557), 176, 177 parishes Reynolds, Charles, archdeacon of Kells, Dublin diocese, 325–33 85–8 Parker, Henry, canon of St Patrick’s Reynolds, Thady, 86 Cathedral, 39, 228 Ricard, John, dean of St Patrick’s Cathedral, Parker, John, 173, 175, 176, 236 68 Parliament, see Irish parliament(s) Rochfort, Thomas, dean of St Patrick’s parochial clergy, 279 Cathedral, 68, 72 livings, 28 Roth, Cormac, archdeacon of Armagh, 85–6, parochial schools, 167 88, 111 parochial tithes, 25, 28 Roth, William, 86 pastoral farming, 25 Rokeby, William, archbishop of Dublin, 22, patriotism, 52 38, 72, 268 Paul IV, Pope, 213, 214 Rome-running, 69 Perrot, Sir John, 18, 313–16 Royal Injunctions, 117, 118, 120, 137, 209, plantation, 211, 233 263, 275, 277, 289 Plunket, Sir John, 68, 104 rule of law Pole, Reginald, cardinal, 202, 209, 213, 214, flouted by Gaelic Irish chiefs, 59 218, 224, 227, 231, 252, 253, 254–5 poor Sarum Easter services, 250 attitudes towards, 49 schools population parochial, 167 sixteenth century, 25 secular canons priests, see clergy livings, 28 primacy Secularisation, 35 Armagh and Dublin dispute, 41–5 see lands, 168, 175, 177, 231 primary sources, 14 location, 23–8 privy council, 190, 191, 192, 238, 292, 296, senior clergy, see clerical elite 303, 304, 305 settlement property medieval and Tudor periods, 34 crown, 131, 132, 206 settlement of 1542, see St Leger, Sir Anthony; ecclesiastical, 60, 131, 132, 144, 161, religious settlement 170–2, 173, 175–9, 184, 197, 232, settlement of 1560, see Protestant 237–40, 246, 319 Reformation; Elizabeth I property rights, 63 Sherwood, William, bishop of Meath, 65 Protestant Reformation Skeffington, Sir William, 83, 247 Edward VI, 197–203 Sidney commission, see High Commission Elizabeth I, 254–60, 261–316 (1577)

352 Index

Sidney, Sir Henry, 17, 46, 261, 294, 304, ‘papist faction’, 272, 292, 300 305, 320 pews, 307 Archbishop Loftus’s authority subverted re-establishment, 221, 224, 227–9, by, 296–303 230–41, 245, 249–50 critique of Loftus–Weston reform strategy, reform of clergy, 281 295 repairs expenses, 37 St Patrick’s cathedral dissolution plan, 264 revenues, 164 six articles, act of, 136, 138, 140, 142, Sir Robert Weston and John Ball’s 144, 155 visitations, 268–74 social codes statutes biased against Gaelic Irish, 38 church in Gaelic Ireland, 34 supremacy oath, 254 Sonnyng, John, canon of St Patrick’s Stanyhurst, Richard Cathedral, 238, 239 description of Fingal community, 51 Spain, 315 Staples, Edward, bishop of Meath, 97, 98, St Lawrence family, lords of Howth, 179 110, 116, 120, 141, 180, 195, 196, 223 St Lawrence, Richard, lord of Howth, Statutes of Kilkenny, 53 236, 246 suppression of the monasteries, 127, 135 St Leger, Robert, 133, 150, 151 supremacy of the crown, 127, 134, 157, 178, St Leger, Sir Anthony, 206–7, 217, 318, 319 216, 217–19, 223, 318 exploitation of canon law, 181–8 oath, 254, 313 Christ Church cathedral scheme, 162–9 supremacy of the papacy, 217–19 king’s bill against concubinary clergy, ‘surrender and regrant’, 127 143–4, 154–6 Sutton, Robert, dean of St Patrick’s maintenance of client base, 171–2, 178 Cathedral, 68 opposition to Archbishop Browne, 193–7 Swords deanery reform project, 125–58 parishes, 328 reform under Edward VI, 198–203 Swords manor, 177 relations with Irish lords, 161, 180, 182, 185–7, 188–92 Talbot, Richard, archbishop of Dublin, 33 relations with St Patrick’s cathedral, Tallaght manor, 132, 298 174–5, 194–7 Taney deanery religious settlement, 159–203 parishes, 327 St Patrick’s cathedral re-establishment, Thirlby, Thomas, bishop of Ely, 225–7, 230, 233, 235–41 229, 230 testimonial stratagem, 148–52 tithes, 197 St Patrick’s cathedral, 20, 28–33, 36–7, 44, disputes over, 55 135, 156, 173, 221, 259, 263, 265, 307 leased, 234 administrative role, 31–2 parochial, 25, 28 Archbishop Browne’s marriage settlement, rectorial, 32 144–9, 153–4, 163, 165 transubstantiation, 200, 217 centre of diocesan power, 31 Travers, John, chancellor of St Patrick’s clerical strategy, 321 Cathedral, 84–9 college of petty canons, 32–3 Travers, Robert, bishop of Leighlin, 223 compliance to reforms, 135–6 Tregury, Michael, archbishop of Dublin, complicity in ecclesiastical property 59, 67 speculation, 178–80 Tuam, 62 conservative revival, 286–94 cathedral organisation, 33 constitution, 29–30, 32 Tudors control over St Kevin’s street almshouse, 50 perception of Dublin, 45–6 dissolution, 194–7, 199, 205, 206, 208, religious reform, 45–6, 47 231, 232 kingly title celebrations, 146–7, 164 Ulster, 129, 161, 181, 212, 319 liturgy, 32, 36–7 incorporation into Irish kingdom, 183, Lord Deputy Sidney’s dissolution plan, 264 185–7 model of ecclesiastical order, 40 lordship, 181

Index 353

vestments, 37, 249, 251, 257 Wellesley, Robert, archdeacon of Dublin, viceroys, 17–19, see also Bellingham, Sir 228, 247, 258, 259, 270, 272, 279, Edward; Croft, Sir James; Fitzwilliam, 281, 285, 292 Sir William; Grey, Lord Leonard; Perrot, Weston, James, 280 Sir John; Radcliffe, Thomas, lord Weston, Sir Robert, lord chancellor of Fitzwalter; St Leger, Sir Anthony; Ireland, 265–6, 268, 274, 320 Sidney, Sir Henry; Skefﬁngton, Sir death, 291 William fines on laity, 282–4 visitation records (primary sources), 14 poor health, 285 Vulp, Dr John, 270, 300, 301 canonical reform strategy, 265–84 White, Sir Nicholas, master of the rolls, 314 Walshe, William, bishop of Meath, Wicklow and Arklow deaneries 254, 255 parishes, 330 Walsingham, Sir Francis, 296 Wicklow, County, 59 Walton, John, archbishop of Dublin, 55, 56, Wogan, John, canon of St Patrick’s 63–5, 69 Cathedral, 39, 205 Waterhouse, Sir Edward, 307 Wolsey, Thomas, cardinal Wauchop, Robert, archbishop (papal) of efforts to extend legatine jurisdiction, 43 Armagh, 207, 218 Wriothesley, Sir Thomas, 150