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Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers, Programs, and Java
Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers, Programs, and Java 1.1 Introduction • The central theme of this book is to learn how to solve problems by writing a program . • This book teaches you how to create programs by using the Java programming languages . • Java is the Internet program language • Why Java? The answer is that Java enables user to deploy applications on the Internet for servers , desktop computers , and small hand-held devices . 1.2 What is a Computer? • A computer is an electronic device that stores and processes data. • A computer includes both hardware and software. o Hardware is the physical aspect of the computer that can be seen. o Software is the invisible instructions that control the hardware and make it work. • Computer programming consists of writing instructions for computers to perform. • A computer consists of the following hardware components o CPU (Central Processing Unit) o Memory (Main memory) o Storage Devices (hard disk, floppy disk, CDs) o Input/Output devices (monitor, printer, keyboard, mouse) o Communication devices (Modem, NIC (Network Interface Card)). Bus Storage Communication Input Output Memory CPU Devices Devices Devices Devices e.g., Disk, CD, e.g., Modem, e.g., Keyboard, e.g., Monitor, and Tape and NIC Mouse Printer FIGURE 1.1 A computer consists of a CPU, memory, Hard disk, floppy disk, monitor, printer, and communication devices. CMPS161 Class Notes (Chap 01) Page 1 / 15 Kuo-pao Yang 1.2.1 Central Processing Unit (CPU) • The central processing unit (CPU) is the brain of a computer. • It retrieves instructions from memory and executes them. -
High Level Assembler Macro Facility
A++: Using the World's Most Powerful Macro Facility With High Level Assembler Parts 1 and 2 SHARE 119, Anaheim CA, Summer 2012 Presented by Tom Wasik, IBM [email protected] Contents prepared by John R. Ehrman [email protected] International Business Machines Corporation Silicon Valley Laboratory 555 Bailey Avenue San Jose, California 95141 USA Synopsis: This tutorial introduces the powerful concepts of conditional assembly supported by the High Level Assembler for z/OS, z/VM, & z/VSE, and provides examples of its use in both “open code” and in macro instructions. The examples in this document are for purposes of illustration only, and no warranty of correctness or applicability is implied or expressed. Permission is granted to SHARE Incorporated to publish this material in the proceedings of the SHARE 119. IBM retains the right to publish this material elsewhere. © Copyright IBM Corporation 1995, 2012. All rights reserved. Copyright Notices and Trademarks © Copyright IBM Corporation 1995, 2012. All rights reserved. Note to U.S. Government Users: Doc- umentation subject to restricted rights. Use, duplication, or disclosure is subject to restrictions set forth in GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM Corp. The following terms, denoted by an asterisk (*) in this publication, are trademarks or registered trademarks of the International Business Machines Corporation in the United States and/or other countries: IBM System/370 System/390 zSeries z/OS z/VM z/VSE OS/390 DFSMS z/Architecture ESA Publications and Web Site The currently available product -
Why Untyped Nonground Metaprogramming Is Not (Much Of) a Problem
NORTH- HOLLAND WHY UNTYPED NONGROUND METAPROGRAMMING IS NOT (MUCH OF) A PROBLEM BERN MARTENS* and DANNY DE SCHREYE+ D We study a semantics for untyped, vanilla metaprograms, using the non- ground representation for object level variables. We introduce the notion of language independence, which generalizes range restriction. We show that the vanilla metaprogram associated with a stratified normal oljjctct program is weakly stratified. For language independent, stratified normal object programs, we prove that there is a natural one-to-one correspon- dence between atoms p(tl, . , tr) in the perfect Herbrand model of t,he object program and solve(p(tl, , tT)) atoms in the weakly perfect Her\) and model of the associated vanilla metaprogram. Thus, for this class of programs, the weakly perfect, Herbrand model provides a sensible SC mantics for the metaprogram. We show that this result generalizes to nonlanguage independent programs in the context of an extended Hcr- brand semantics, designed to closely mirror the operational behavior of logic programs. Moreover, we also consider a number of interesting exterl- sions and/or variants of the basic vanilla metainterpreter. For instance. WC demonstrate how our approach provides a sensible semantics for a limit4 form of amalgamation. a “Partly supported by the Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research, partly by ESPRlT BRA COMPULOG II, Contract 6810, and partly by GOA “Non-Standard Applications of Ab- stract Interpretation,” Belgium. TResearch Associate of the Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research Address correspondence to Bern Martens and Danny De Schreye, Department of Computer Science, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200A. B-3001 Hevrrlee Belgium E-mail- {bern, dannyd}@cs.kuleuven.ac.be. -
Practical Reflection and Metaprogramming for Dependent
Practical Reflection and Metaprogramming for Dependent Types David Raymond Christiansen Advisor: Peter Sestoft Submitted: November 2, 2015 i Abstract Embedded domain-specific languages are special-purpose pro- gramming languages that are implemented within existing general- purpose programming languages. Dependent type systems allow strong invariants to be encoded in representations of domain-specific languages, but it can also make it difficult to program in these em- bedded languages. Interpreters and compilers must always take these invariants into account at each stage, and authors of embedded languages must work hard to relieve users of the burden of proving these properties. Idris is a dependently typed functional programming language whose semantics are given by elaboration to a core dependent type theory through a tactic language. This dissertation introduces elabo- rator reflection, in which the core operators of the elaborator are real- ized as a type of computations that are executed during the elab- oration process of Idris itself, along with a rich API for reflection. Elaborator reflection allows domain-specific languages to be imple- mented using the same elaboration technology as Idris itself, and it gives them additional means of interacting with native Idris code. It also allows Idris to be used as its own metalanguage, making it into a programmable programming language and allowing code re-use across all three stages: elaboration, type checking, and execution. Beyond elaborator reflection, other forms of compile-time reflec- tion have proven useful for embedded languages. This dissertation also describes error reflection, in which Idris code can rewrite DSL er- ror messages before presenting domain-specific messages to users, as well as a means for integrating quasiquotation into a tactic-based elaborator so that high-level syntax can be used for low-level reflected terms. -
Ibm High Level Assembler Manual Download Ibm High Level Assembler Manual
Ibm High Level Assembler Manual Download Ibm High Level Assembler Manual This the first version of IBM Macro Assembler, released alongside the IBM PC. IBM Macro Assembler is an IBM OEM rebranded release of Microsoft Macro Assembler, and was intended only for use with the IBM PC. Installation instructions. This archive contains a 160k disk image, and is compatible with IBM PC-DOS 1.0 and later. IBM System-360 Operating System Assembler Languag§, Order Number GC28-6514. The Assembler Language manual contains the basic assembler and macro asserrbler specifications, except those unique to Assembler H. IEM System-360 Operating System Asserrbler H Language Specifications, Order Numter GC26- 3771. High Level Assembler Toolkit: HMQ4160: JMQ416A: SYS1: 5655-P97: Encryption Facility DFSMSdss Encryption: HCF773D: HCF773D: SYS1: 5655-P97: Encryption Facility Encrypt Ser: HCF7740: HCF7740: SYS1: 5655-SDK: IBM SDK for Node.Js - z-OS: HALU600: HALU600: SYS1: 5650-ZOS: ICKDSF - Device Support Facilities, Base: EDU1H01: EDU1H01: SYS1: 5650-ZOS: Environmental Record Editing and Printing: EER3500: EER3500 The next line seems to indicate to execute HLASM, the high level assembler, with the option to compile, load, and go – assemble the program and execute it. The next line indicates that the input will be from the lines of text following the JCL. The next line invokes the TITLE macro to place the title at the top of each printed page. See IBM-supplied default assembler options for a list of the changes to the IBM-supplied default assembler options from High Level Assembler Release 4. You specify the options at assembly time on: An external file (z-OS and CMS) or library member (z-VSE) The assembler programs are written in IBM Mainframe Assembler, they will compile using Assembler-H or HLASM. -
High Level Assembler for Z/OS & Z/VM & Z/VSE
High Level Assembler for z/OS & z/VM & z/VSE 1.6 Installation and Customization Guide IBM SC26-3494-05 Note Before using this information and the product it supports, be sure to read the general information under “Notices” on page 193. This edition applies to IBM High Level Assembler for z/OS & z/VM & z/VSE, Release 6, Program Number 5696-234 and to any subsequent releases until otherwise indicated in new editions. Make sure that you are using the correct edition for the level of the product. Order publications through your IBM® representative or the IBM branch office serving your locality. IBM welcomes your comments. For information on how to send comments, see “How to send your comments to IBM” on page xx. © Copyright International Business Machines Corporation 1992, 2021. US Government Users Restricted Rights – Use, duplication or disclosure restricted by GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM Corp. Contents Figures................................................................................................................. xi Tables................................................................................................................ xiii About this document.......................................................................................... xvii Brief overview of High Level Assembler...................................................................................................xvii Who should use this document................................................................................................................xvii -
Language Translators
Student Notes Theory LANGUAGE TRANSLATORS A. HIGH AND LOW LEVEL LANGUAGES Programming languages Low – Level Languages High-Level Languages Example: Assembly Language Example: Pascal, Basic, Java Characteristics of LOW Level Languages: They are machine oriented : an assembly language program written for one machine will not work on any other type of machine unless they happen to use the same processor chip. Each assembly language statement generally translates into one machine code instruction, therefore the program becomes long and time-consuming to create. Example: 10100101 01110001 LDA &71 01101001 00000001 ADD #&01 10000101 01110001 STA &71 Characteristics of HIGH Level Languages: They are not machine oriented: in theory they are portable , meaning that a program written for one machine will run on any other machine for which the appropriate compiler or interpreter is available. They are problem oriented: most high level languages have structures and facilities appropriate to a particular use or type of problem. For example, FORTRAN was developed for use in solving mathematical problems. Some languages, such as PASCAL were developed as general-purpose languages. Statements in high-level languages usually resemble English sentences or mathematical expressions and these languages tend to be easier to learn and understand than assembly language. Each statement in a high level language will be translated into several machine code instructions. Example: number:= number + 1; 10100101 01110001 01101001 00000001 10000101 01110001 B. GENERATIONS OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES 4th generation 4GLs 3rd generation High Level Languages 2nd generation Low-level Languages 1st generation Machine Code Page 1 of 5 K Aquilina Student Notes Theory 1. MACHINE LANGUAGE – 1ST GENERATION In the early days of computer programming all programs had to be written in machine code. -
High Level Assembler for MVS & VM & VSE Programmer's Guide
IBM High Level Assembler for MVS & VM & VSE Programmer’s Guide Release 5 SC26-4941-04 IBM High Level Assembler for MVS & VM & VSE Programmer’s Guide Release 5 SC26-4941-04 Note! Before using this information and the product it supports, be sure to read the general information under “Notices” on page 422. Fifth Edition (June 2004) This edition applies to IBM High Level Assembler for MVS & VM & VSE, Release 5, Program Number 5696-234 and to any subsequent releases until otherwise indicated in new editions. Make sure you are using the correct edition for the level of the product. Order publications through your IBM representative or the IBM branch office serving your locality. Publications are not stocked at the address below. A form for reader's comments is provided at the back of this publication. If the form has been removed, address your comments to: IBM Corporation J87/D325 555 Bailey Avenue SAN JOSE, CA 95141-1003 United States of America When you send information to IBM, you grant IBM a nonexclusive right to use or distribute the information in any way it believes appropriate without incurring any obligation to you. Copyright International Business Machines Corporation 1982, 2004. All rights reserved. US Government Users Restricted Rights – Use, duplication or disclosure restricted by GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM Corp. Contents Contents About this Manual .................................... xi Who Should Use this Manual .............................. xi Programming Interface Information ........................... xi Organization of this Manual ............................... xi IBM High Level Assembler for MVS & VM & VSE Publications .......... xiv Publications . xiv Softcopy Publications . xv The High Level Assembler web site ........................ -
Complete Code Generation from UML State Machine
Complete Code Generation from UML State Machine Van Cam Pham, Ansgar Radermacher, Sebastien´ Gerard´ and Shuai Li CEA, LIST, Laboratory of Model Driven Engineering for Embedded Systems, P.C. 174, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91191, France Keywords: UML State Machine, Code Generation, Semantics-conformance, Efficiency, Events, C++. Abstract: An event-driven architecture is a useful way to design and implement complex systems. The UML State Machine and its visualizations are a powerful means to the modeling of the logical behavior of such an archi- tecture. In Model Driven Engineering, executable code can be automatically generated from state machines. However, existing generation approaches and tools from UML State Machines are still limited to simple cases, especially when considering concurrency and pseudo states such as history, junction, and event types. This paper provides a pattern and tool for complete and efficient code generation approach from UML State Ma- chine. It extends IF-ELSE-SWITCH constructions of programming languages with concurrency support. The code generated with our approach has been executed with a set of state-machine examples that are part of a test-suite described in the recent OMG standard Precise Semantics Of State Machine. The traced execution results comply with the standard and are a good hint that the execution is semantically correct. The generated code is also efficient: it supports multi-thread-based concurrency, and the (static and dynamic) efficiency of generated code is improved compared to considered approaches. 1 INTRODUCTION Completeness: Existing tools and approaches mainly focus on the sequential aspect while the concurrency The UML State Machine (USM) (Specification and of state machines is limitedly supported. -
Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers, Programs, and Java
Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers, Programs, and Java 1.1 Introduction • Java is the Internet program language • Why Java? The answer is that Java enables user to deploy applications on the Internet for servers, desktop computers, and small hand-held devices. 1.2 What is a Computer? • A computer is an electronic device that stores and processes data. • A computer includes both hardware and software. o Hardware is the physical aspect of the computer that can be seen. o Software is the invisible instructions that control the hardware and make it work. • Programming consists of writing instructions for computers to perform. • A computer consists of the following hardware components o CPU (Central Processing Unit) o Memory (Main memory) o Storage Devices (hard disk, floppy disk, CDs) o Input/Output devices (monitor, printer, keyboard, mouse) o Communication devices (Modem, NIC (Network Interface Card)). Memory Disk, CD, and Storage Input Keyboard, Tape Devices Devices Mouse CPU Modem, and Communication Output Monitor, NIC Devices Devices Printer FIGURE 1.1 A computer consists of a CPU, memory, Hard disk, floppy disk, monitor, printer, and communication devices. 1.2.1 Central Processing Unit (CPU) • The central processing unit (CPU) is the brain of a computer. • It retrieves instructions from memory and executes them. • The CPU usually has two components: a control Unit and Arithmetic/Logic Unit. • The control unit coordinates the actions of the other components. • The ALU unit performs numeric operations (+ - / *) and logical operations (comparison). • The CPU speed is measured by clock speed in megahertz (MHz), with 1 megahertz equaling 1 million pulses per second. -
IBM Z/Transaction Processing Facility Enterprise Edition V1.1 — the Future of High Availability Transaction Processing
Software Announcement October 7, 2004 IBM z/Transaction Processing Facility Enterprise Edition V1.1 — The future of high availability transaction processing Overview • Low cost — z/TPF offers a low cost per transaction for high-volume At a glance z/Transaction Processing Facility real-time transactions. This Enterprise Edition (z/TPF) V1.1 capability alone represents a Benefits for z/Transaction (5748-T15) is a high-performance competitive advantage for Processing Facility Enterprise operating system specifically delivery of business services in Edition (z/TPF) V1.1 and designed to provide high availability the marketplace. z/Transaction Processing Facility for demanding high-volume, Database Facility (z/TPFDF) V1.1 • Efficiency — z/TPF supports the real-time transaction processing for include: IBM 64-bit z/Architecture with mission critical e-business the use of 64-bit real addresses • applications. z/TPF runs on and Ability to handle tens of and 64-bit virtual addresses exploits IBM zSeries thousands of transactional enabling large-scale memory servers, an infrastructure offering for messages per second spaces permitting large • transaction processing with high High reliability and availability applications and large memory quality of service demands. as integral parts of the product tables. • Fast response times for transactions As the next generation of on demand • Open development environment • Low cost per transaction transaction processing systems, — z/TPF also uses the GNU tool • 64-bit support on zSeries z/TPF has been developed on the chain. z/TPF can share servers to provide for large architecture of IBM TPF V4.1. TPF applications, tooling, and address space capability V4.1, widely used in the Travel, development infrastructure with • Large redundant single Banking/Finance, and Public Sector the most common open system database capable of addressing industry segments, is well suited to available, Linux . -
Metaprogramming with Julia
Metaprogramming with Julia https://szufel.pl Programmers effort vs execution speed Octave R Python Matlab time, time, log scale - C JavaScript Java Go Julia C rozmiar kodu Sourcewego w KB Source: http://www.oceanographerschoice.com/2016/03/the-julia-language-is-the-way-of-the-future/ 2 Metaprogramming „Metaprogramming is a programming technique in which computer programs have the ability to treat other programs as their data. It means that a program can be designed to read, generate, analyze or transform other programs, and even modify itself while running.” (source: Wikipedia) julia> code = Meta.parse("x=5") :(x = 5) julia> dump(code) Expr head: Symbol = args: Array{Any}((2,)) 1: Symbol x 2: Int64 5 3 Metaprogramming (cont.) julia> code = Meta.parse("x=5") :(x = 5) julia> dump(code) Expr head: Symbol = args: Array{Any}((2,)) 1: Symbol x 2: Int64 5 julia> eval(code) 5 julia> x 5 4 Julia Compiler system not quite accurate picture... Source: https://www.researchgate.net/ publication/301876510_High- 5 level_GPU_programming_in_Julia Example 1. Select a field from an object function getValueOfA(x) return x.a end function getValueOf(x, name::String) return getproperty(x, Symbol(name)) end function getValueOf2(name::String) field = Symbol(name) code = quote (obj) -> obj.$field end return eval(code) end function getValueOf3(name::String) return eval(Meta.parse("obj -> obj.$name")) end 6 Let’s test using BenchmarkTools struct MyStruct a b end x = MyStruct(5,6) @btime getValueOfA($x) @btime getValueOf($x,"a") const getVal2 = getValueOf2("a") @btime