A Foundation for Trait-Based Metaprogramming
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New Inheritance Models That Facilitate Source Code Reuse in Object-Oriented Programming
NEW INHERITANCE MODELS THAT FACILITATE SOURCE CODE REUSE IN OBJECT- ORIENTED PROGRAMMING By HISHAM M. AL-HADDAD Bachelor of Science Yarmouk University lrbid, Jordan 1986 Master of Science Northrop University Los Angeles, California 1988 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY July, 1992 Oklahoma Statt.' Ur1iv. Library NEW INHERITANCE MODELS THAT FACILITATE SOURCE CODE REUSE IN OBJECT- ORIENTED PROGRAMMING C/ wU::r-~ B I A~c;p .... _.-~ Dean of the Graduate CoUege ii PREFACE Code reusability is a primary objective in the development of software systems. The object-oriented programming methodology is one of the areas that facilitate the development of software systems by allowing and promoting code reuse and modular designs. Object-oriented programming languages (OOPLs) provide different facilities to attain efficient reuse and reliable extension of existing software components. Inheritance is an important language feature that is conducive to reusability and extensibility. Various OOPLs provide different inheritance models based on different interpretations of the inheritance notion. Therefore, OOPLs have different characteristics derived from their respective inheritance models. This dissertation is concerned with solutions for three major problems that limit the utilization of inheritance for code reusability. The range of object-oriented applications and thus the usage of object-oriented programming in general is also discussed. The three major problems are: 1) the relationship between inheritance and other related issues such as encapsulation, access techniques, visibility of inheritance, and subtyping; 2) the hierarchical structure imposed by inheritance among classes; and 3) the accessibility of previous versions of the modified methods defmed in classes located at higher levels of the inheritance structure than the parent classes. -
Why Untyped Nonground Metaprogramming Is Not (Much Of) a Problem
NORTH- HOLLAND WHY UNTYPED NONGROUND METAPROGRAMMING IS NOT (MUCH OF) A PROBLEM BERN MARTENS* and DANNY DE SCHREYE+ D We study a semantics for untyped, vanilla metaprograms, using the non- ground representation for object level variables. We introduce the notion of language independence, which generalizes range restriction. We show that the vanilla metaprogram associated with a stratified normal oljjctct program is weakly stratified. For language independent, stratified normal object programs, we prove that there is a natural one-to-one correspon- dence between atoms p(tl, . , tr) in the perfect Herbrand model of t,he object program and solve(p(tl, , tT)) atoms in the weakly perfect Her\) and model of the associated vanilla metaprogram. Thus, for this class of programs, the weakly perfect, Herbrand model provides a sensible SC mantics for the metaprogram. We show that this result generalizes to nonlanguage independent programs in the context of an extended Hcr- brand semantics, designed to closely mirror the operational behavior of logic programs. Moreover, we also consider a number of interesting exterl- sions and/or variants of the basic vanilla metainterpreter. For instance. WC demonstrate how our approach provides a sensible semantics for a limit4 form of amalgamation. a “Partly supported by the Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research, partly by ESPRlT BRA COMPULOG II, Contract 6810, and partly by GOA “Non-Standard Applications of Ab- stract Interpretation,” Belgium. TResearch Associate of the Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research Address correspondence to Bern Martens and Danny De Schreye, Department of Computer Science, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200A. B-3001 Hevrrlee Belgium E-mail- {bern, dannyd}@cs.kuleuven.ac.be. -
Mixins and Traits
◦ ◦◦◦ TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITAT¨ MUNCHEN¨ ◦◦◦◦ ◦ ◦ ◦◦◦ ◦◦◦◦ ¨ ¨ ◦ ◦◦ FAKULTAT FUR INFORMATIK Programming Languages Mixins and Traits Dr. Michael Petter Winter 2016/17 What advanced techiques are there besides multiple implementation inheritance? Outline Design Problems Cons of Implementation Inheritance 1 Inheritance vs Aggregation 1 2 (De-)Composition Problems Lack of finegrained Control 2 Inappropriate Hierarchies Inheritance in Detail A Focus on Traits 1 A Model for single inheritance 1 2 Inheritance Calculus with Separation of Composition and Inheritance Expressions Modeling 2 3 Modeling Mixins Trait Calculus Mixins in Languages Traits in Languages 1 (Virtual) Extension Methods 1 Simulating Mixins 2 Squeak 2 Native Mixins Reusability ≡ Inheritance? Codesharing in Object Oriented Systems is often inheritance-centric. Inheritance itself comes in different flavours: I single inheritance I multiple inheritance All flavours of inheritance tackle problems of decomposition and composition The Adventure Game Door ShortDoor LockedDoor canPass(Person p) canOpen(Person p) ? ShortLockedDoor canOpen(Person p) canPass(Person p) The Adventure Game Door <interface>Doorlike canPass(Person p) canOpen(Person p) Short canPass(Person p) Locked canOpen(Person p) ShortLockedDoor ! Aggregation & S.-Inheritance Door must explicitely provide canOpen(Person p) chaining canPass(Person p) Doorlike must anticipate wrappers ) Multiple Inheritance X The Wrapper FileStream SocketStream read() read() write() write() ? SynchRW acquireLock() releaseLock() ! Inappropriate Hierarchies -
Declaring Vars in Class Php
Declaring Vars In Class Php Is Tobe Esculapian or misformed after aluminous Neall plopping so magnanimously? Forrest corresponds prolixly? Forbidden Osmund sometimes pargets any lilliputian yell guardedly. How variable as int, php in using interpolation rather than configured one of people prefer to override whatever information useful whenever you call it leads to expose parts that We daily work with advertisers relevant to our readers. Acceptable in php programmers and retry saving again, declaration must be. Declaring a property but a class is an exact task use one table the keyword public protected or private followed by a normal variable declaration If. If you wrong there holding an IE bug with var a foo only declaring a global for file scope. Your class declaration format is declared protected field? You help also define methods in the class that allow tool to manipulate the values of object properties and perform operations on objects. PHP Class Properties Tutorials by Supun Kavinda. An amazon associate we declare the class in declarations as containers for our clients in the usages of a name given client exits and in? How clean and in declaring a class declaration scope in the vars of that are their parent selector. Using long array syntax array 1 2 3 for declaring arrays is generally. By declaring a class declaration, classes and see for? It turns out some interview situations, every time to magento source and other class names but you have a common occurrence, therefore considered a value. The var keyword in PHP is used to declare the property or variable of class which is primitive by default The var keyword is alike as out when declaring variables or root of a class Note The var keyword was deprecated from version 50. -
Practical Reflection and Metaprogramming for Dependent
Practical Reflection and Metaprogramming for Dependent Types David Raymond Christiansen Advisor: Peter Sestoft Submitted: November 2, 2015 i Abstract Embedded domain-specific languages are special-purpose pro- gramming languages that are implemented within existing general- purpose programming languages. Dependent type systems allow strong invariants to be encoded in representations of domain-specific languages, but it can also make it difficult to program in these em- bedded languages. Interpreters and compilers must always take these invariants into account at each stage, and authors of embedded languages must work hard to relieve users of the burden of proving these properties. Idris is a dependently typed functional programming language whose semantics are given by elaboration to a core dependent type theory through a tactic language. This dissertation introduces elabo- rator reflection, in which the core operators of the elaborator are real- ized as a type of computations that are executed during the elab- oration process of Idris itself, along with a rich API for reflection. Elaborator reflection allows domain-specific languages to be imple- mented using the same elaboration technology as Idris itself, and it gives them additional means of interacting with native Idris code. It also allows Idris to be used as its own metalanguage, making it into a programmable programming language and allowing code re-use across all three stages: elaboration, type checking, and execution. Beyond elaborator reflection, other forms of compile-time reflec- tion have proven useful for embedded languages. This dissertation also describes error reflection, in which Idris code can rewrite DSL er- ror messages before presenting domain-specific messages to users, as well as a means for integrating quasiquotation into a tactic-based elaborator so that high-level syntax can be used for low-level reflected terms. -
Learning Javascript Design Patterns
Learning JavaScript Design Patterns Addy Osmani Beijing • Cambridge • Farnham • Köln • Sebastopol • Tokyo Learning JavaScript Design Patterns by Addy Osmani Copyright © 2012 Addy Osmani. All rights reserved. Revision History for the : 2012-05-01 Early release revision 1 See http://oreilly.com/catalog/errata.csp?isbn=9781449331818 for release details. ISBN: 978-1-449-33181-8 1335906805 Table of Contents Preface ..................................................................... ix 1. Introduction ........................................................... 1 2. What is a Pattern? ...................................................... 3 We already use patterns everyday 4 3. 'Pattern'-ity Testing, Proto-Patterns & The Rule Of Three ...................... 7 4. The Structure Of A Design Pattern ......................................... 9 5. Writing Design Patterns ................................................. 11 6. Anti-Patterns ......................................................... 13 7. Categories Of Design Pattern ............................................ 15 Creational Design Patterns 15 Structural Design Patterns 16 Behavioral Design Patterns 16 8. Design Pattern Categorization ........................................... 17 A brief note on classes 17 9. JavaScript Design Patterns .............................................. 21 The Creational Pattern 22 The Constructor Pattern 23 Basic Constructors 23 Constructors With Prototypes 24 The Singleton Pattern 24 The Module Pattern 27 iii Modules 27 Object Literals 27 The Module Pattern -
Mixin-Based Programming in C++1
Mixin-Based Programming in C++1 Yannis Smaragdakis Don Batory College of Computing Department of Computer Sciences Georgia Institute of Technology The University of Texas at Austin Atlanta, GA 30332 Austin, Texas 78712 [email protected] [email protected] Abstract. Combinations of C++ features, like inheritance, templates, and class nesting, allow for the expression of powerful component patterns. In particular, research has demonstrated that, using C++ mixin classes, one can express lay- ered component-based designs concisely with efficient implementations. In this paper, we discuss pragmatic issues related to component-based programming using C++ mixins. We explain surprising interactions of C++ features and poli- cies that sometimes complicate mixin implementations, while other times enable additional functionality without extra effort. 1 Introduction Large software artifacts are arguably among the most complex products of human intellect. The complexity of software has led to implementation methodologies that divide a problem into manageable parts and compose the parts to form the final prod- uct. Several research efforts have argued that C++ templates (a powerful parameteriza- tion mechanism) can be used to perform this division elegantly. In particular, the work of VanHilst and Notkin [29][30][31] showed how one can implement collaboration-based (or role-based) designs using a certain templatized class pattern, known as a mixin class (or just mixin). Compared to other techniques (e.g., a straightforward use of application frameworks [17]) the VanHilst and Notkin method yields less redundancy and reusable components that reflect the structure of the design. At the same time, unnecessary dynamic binding can be eliminated, result- ing into more efficient implementations. -
Generic Programming
Generic Programming July 21, 1998 A Dagstuhl Seminar on the topic of Generic Programming was held April 27– May 1, 1998, with forty seven participants from ten countries. During the meeting there were thirty seven lectures, a panel session, and several problem sessions. The outcomes of the meeting include • A collection of abstracts of the lectures, made publicly available via this booklet and a web site at http://www-ca.informatik.uni-tuebingen.de/dagstuhl/gpdag.html. • Plans for a proceedings volume of papers submitted after the seminar that present (possibly extended) discussions of the topics covered in the lectures, problem sessions, and the panel session. • A list of generic programming projects and open problems, which will be maintained publicly on the World Wide Web at http://www-ca.informatik.uni-tuebingen.de/people/musser/gp/pop/index.html http://www.cs.rpi.edu/˜musser/gp/pop/index.html. 1 Contents 1 Motivation 3 2 Standards Panel 4 3 Lectures 4 3.1 Foundations and Methodology Comparisons ........ 4 Fundamentals of Generic Programming.................. 4 Jim Dehnert and Alex Stepanov Automatic Program Specialization by Partial Evaluation........ 4 Robert Gl¨uck Evaluating Generic Programming in Practice............... 6 Mehdi Jazayeri Polytypic Programming........................... 6 Johan Jeuring Recasting Algorithms As Objects: AnAlternativetoIterators . 7 Murali Sitaraman Using Genericity to Improve OO Designs................. 8 Karsten Weihe Inheritance, Genericity, and Class Hierarchies.............. 8 Wolf Zimmermann 3.2 Programming Methodology ................... 9 Hierarchical Iterators and Algorithms................... 9 Matt Austern Generic Programming in C++: Matrix Case Study........... 9 Krzysztof Czarnecki Generative Programming: Beyond Generic Programming........ 10 Ulrich Eisenecker Generic Programming Using Adaptive and Aspect-Oriented Programming . -
Code Reuse and Refactoring: Going Agile on Complex Products
Code Reuse and Refactoring: Going Agile on Complex Products Using enterprise Software Version Management to coordinate complex products, seamlessly support Git developers, and solve refactoring problems. Table of Contents Component-Based Development __________________________________________________ 1 CBD Product Model ______________________________________________________________ 1 The Repository Model ____________________________________________________________ 2 Managing CBD in Git _____________________________________________________________ 2 Setting Up the CBD Model _____________________________________________________ 2 Incorporating Non-Software Components ____________________________________ 3 Updating Component Baselines ________________________________________________ 3 Submitting Patches to Components _____________________________________________ 4 Developer View _______________________________________________________________ 4 Refactoring: In Practice ________________________________________________________ 4 Refactoring: Developer Impact _________________________________________________ 4 Managing CBD in Perforce Software Version Management and Perforce Git Fusion ______ 5 Setting Up the CBD Model _____________________________________________________ 5 Incorporating Non-Software Components ____________________________________ 5 Updating Component Baselines ________________________________________________ 5 Submitting Patches to Components _____________________________________________ 5 Developer View _______________________________________________________________ -
A Model of Inheritance for Declarative Visual Programming Languages
An Abstract Of The Dissertation Of Rebecca Djang for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Computer Science presented on December 17, 1998. Title: Similarity Inheritance: A Model of Inheritance for Declarative Visual Programming Languages. Abstract approved: Margaret M. Burnett Declarative visual programming languages (VPLs), including spreadsheets, make up a large portion of both research and commercial VPLs. Spreadsheets in particular enjoy a wide audience, including end users. Unfortunately, spreadsheets and most other declarative VPLs still suffer from some of the problems that have been solved in other languages, such as ad-hoc (cut-and-paste) reuse of code which has been remedied in object-oriented languages, for example, through the code-reuse mechanism of inheritance. We believe spreadsheets and other declarative VPLs can benefit from the addition of an inheritance-like mechanism for fine-grained code reuse. This dissertation first examines the opportunities for supporting reuse inherent in declarative VPLs, and then introduces similarity inheritance and describes a prototype of this model in the research spreadsheet language Forms/3. Similarity inheritance is very flexible, allowing multiple granularities of code sharing and even mutual inheritance; it includes explicit representations of inherited code and all sharing relationships, and it subsumes the current spreadsheet mechanisms for formula propagation, providing a gradual migration from simple formula reuse to more sophisticated uses of inheritance among objects. Since the inheritance model separates inheritance from types, we investigate what notion of types is appropriate to support reuse of functions on different types (operation polymorphism). Because it is important to us that immediate feedback, which is characteristic of many VPLs, be preserved, including feedback with respect to type errors, we introduce a model of types suitable for static type inference in the presence of operation polymorphism with similarity inheritance. -
Beginning SOLID Principles and Design Patterns for ASP.NET Developers — Bipin Joshi Beginning SOLID Principles and Design Patterns for ASP.NET Developers
THE EXPERT’S VOICE® IN .NET DEVELOPMENT Beginning SOLID Principles and Design Patterns for ASP.NET Developers — Bipin Joshi Beginning SOLID Principles and Design Patterns for ASP.NET Developers Bipin Joshi Beginning SOLID Principles and Design Patterns for ASP.NET Developers Bipin Joshi 301 Pitruchhaya Thane, India ISBN-13 (pbk): 978-1-4842-1847-1 ISBN-13 (electronic): 978-1-4842-1848-8 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4842-1848-8 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016937316 Copyright © 2016 by Bipin Joshi This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher's location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. Trademarked names, logos, and images may appear in this book. Rather than use a trademark symbol with every occurrence of a trademarked name, logo, or image we use the names, logos, and images only in an editorial fashion and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. -
Software Reusability: Approaches and Challenges
International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) |Volume VI, Issue V, May 2021|ISSN 2454-6194 Software Reusability: Approaches and Challenges Moko Anasuodei1, Ojekudo, Nathaniel Akpofure2 1Department of Computer Science and Informatics, Faculty of Science, Federal University Otuoke, Nigeria 2Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Nigeria Abstract: Software reuse is used to aid the software phases. Software engineering has been more centered on development process which in recent times can improve the original development which gives an optimal software at a resulting quality and productivity of software development, by faster and less costly price, a design process based on assisting software engineers throughout various software systemic reusable is now recognized. engineering phases to enhance the quality of software, provide quick turnaround time for software development using few Software reuse reduces efforts and cost, because software people, tools, and methods, which creates a good software development costs can be extremely high, but they are quality by enhancing integration of the software system to shared, such that the cost of reuse can be extremely low. provide a competitive advantage. This paper examines the One major advantage of software reuse suggested by concept of software reuse, the approaches to be considered for keswani et al (2014) explains that there is a significant need software reuse, which is broadly shared into three categories: component-based software reuse, domain engineering and for the number of bugs to be reduced during software software product lines, architecture-based software reuse and development process, such that instead of developing an challenges that affect the software reuse development process.