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Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-63980-5 - Spain: its Greatness and Decay (1479–1788) Martin A. S. Hume Index More information

429

INDEX.

Aben Humeya, 153, 154 tillage, 84 ; thriving state of, 85 \ Acuna, Antonio de, Bishop of Za- ruin of, 195, 247, 271, 297 mora, leads a revolt, 36, 40; en Aguila, Don Juan del, 189; in throned as Archbishop by the vades Ireland, 204 mob, 41; aids Padilla's widow, Aguilar, Count, 324, 339, 341 42; flees and is captured, ib. Aigues-Mortes, meeting of Charles I Administration under Ferdinand and Francis I at, 71 and Isabella, 22-24; division of Aix-la-Chapelle, Treaties of,in 1688, the Royal Council, 22; see Coun 288; in 1748, 384* 392 cils Alba, Duke of, sails against Algiers, Admiral, Grand, loses all import 73; defends Perpignan, 74, 103; ance, 13 besieges Metz, 92; at Miihlberg, Adrian of Utrecht, tutor to Charles 93; Neuburg intended for, ib. ; I, 32; coadjutor in the Spanish Charles' character of, 105, 106; regency, ib.; protests against sent to Spain, 109; his advice to foreign intruders, 33 ; appointed Philip, no; sent to Italy by regent, 35; attacks Segovia, 36; Philip, iai; represents Philip at is deposed, ib. ; his retirement Cateau-Cambr£sis, 123; leads the demanded, 39; sent to Valencia war-party, 124; marries Eliza to take the oath for Charles, 43 ; beth of France for Philip II, 126; reviews the armed trades of furious at the Fleming nobles, Valencia, ib.; elected Pope, 50; 144; hated in the Netherlands, at disaccord with Juan Manuel, 147; overbears Gomez and the ib.\ will not join the alliance peace-party, ib.; leaves Spain, against France, ib. ; takes the ib.; meets Catherine de' Medici Emperor's side, 51; dies, ib. at Bayonne, 150; destroys Eg- Africa, Spanish in, 3, 5, 6, 30; Fer mont and Horn, 158; hangs dinand's view of, 10; Jimenez's 500 would-be emigrants, 159; conquests in, ib. ; Spanish garri defeats Louis of Nassau at sons in, 11 ; America distracts Jemmingen, ib.; publishes an attention from, ib.; Mahometan amnesty, ib.; introduces the power in, 67-70; see Algiers, Alcabala, 135, 159; massacres Tunis the Huguenots, 160; crushes Agreda, Maria de, 282 Flanders, but not Holland, ib.; Agriculture in Spain, increase of recalled, ib.; disgraced through

430 Index.

Perez' wiles, 160, 167; conquers Alfonso VI of Portugal: his ac Portugal, 167, 168 cession, 279; a vicious lunatic, Alba, Duke of (Duke of Huesca), 281 ; quarrels with Don Pedro, 387, 388 285 ; dethroned and exiled, 290 Albany, Duke of, 47 Algiers, threatened by Spain, 10 ; Albemarle, Earl of, 395 Barbarossa ruler of, 67; under Alberoni, Cardinal, arranges Philip Turkish suzerainty, 68; attacked V's second marriage, 348; in by Charles, 73 ; by G. A. Doria, trigues against Ursinos, 349; 210; by Count O'Reilly, 403; chief adviser of Elizabeth, 350; undertakes to suppress piracy, 408 his policy, 352,365; plots against Allen, Dr, 175 George I and Orleans, 354; Almaden, mines of, 87 takes Sicily, ib.; dismisses the Almansa, battles of, 337, 342 English ambassador, id.; aids the Almeida, Antonio de, Archbishop of Pretender, 355; expelled, 356; Lisbon, 253, 254 at Rome, 303 Almenara, battle of, 342 Albert, Archduke, Viceroy of Por Alsace, assigned to France at tugal, 185; defends Lisbon, ib. \ Miinster, 275 husband of Isabel and joint sove Alumbrados, the, 248 reign of the Netherlands, 194, Amelia of Saxony, wife of Charles 198; arrives in the Netherlands, III, 392 ; dies, 394 202; negotiates with Maurice and Amelot, Michel, ambassador at Elizabeth, 203; defeated by Madrid, 334, 339 Maurice, ib. America, discovery of, 3, 6, 11 — see 'the Archdukes.' — Spanish Colonies in, 83-85, 88; Albret, House of, robbed of its 90-91, 396, 407 Spanish territories, 7, 45; has a Amiens, League of, 92 party in Spanish Navarre, 46; d'Ancre, Marshal, 229 abandoned by Francis, 55 Andalusia, revolt in, 35-6; chiefly Albret, Jeanne d', heiress of Navarre, loyal, 39; Moors expelled from, 2 ; bride-elect of Philip II, 72, i55» !95» 213 ; Philip IV in, 228 105'; marries the Duke of Cleves, Andrew, Archduke, occupies Cleves 72; again proposed to Philip, and Westphalia, 203 113 Anjou, House of, its claims on Alburquerque, Duke of, 268 Naples, 6 Alcabala, ii, 26, 38, 41, 136, 195, Anna, Infanta, daughter of Philip 226, 228, 245, 271, 281, 351, 381, III, marries Louis XIII, 216, 409; in Flanders, 159 217; renounces her claim to the Alcala, 335 Crown, ib., 312 Alcaldes, 18 Anne, daughter of Maximilian II, Alcantara, battle of, 168 marries Philip II, 168; dies, ib. Alcantara, Order of, 14 Anne of Austria, Regent of France, Alcazar, battle of, 167 266 Alcira, 43, 44 Anne of Brittany, marries Charles Alencon, Duke of, schemes to rule VIII, 6 the Netherlands, 167 ; crowned, Anne of England, adheres to Wil 171; dies, 185 liam Ill's engagements, 325 ; re Alessandria, taken by Lautrec, 60 ; cognised by Louis XIV, 344 by Don Philip, 380 Anson, ravages South America, 375 Alfonso of Aragon, his exploits, 4 Antonio, Don, Prior of Crato, claims

Index, 431

THE PORTUGUESE CROWN, 167 ; ARTILLERY, IN THE MOORISH WAR, 28; DEFEATED BY ALBA, 168; FLEES TO IN THE ANGLO-FRENCH WAR OF 1415- ENGLAND, id.; FAVOURED BY CLERGY 1453, ib. AND PEOPLE, 184; INVADES POR ARTOIS, CEDED BY SPAIN TO FRANCE, TUGAL, 185 280 ANTWERP, THE 'SPANISH FURY' AT, ARUNDEL, EARL OF, REPRESENTS ENG 164 LAND AT CATEAU-CAMBRESIS, 123 ARABELLA STUART, CHOSEN BY ENGLISH ASTI, COUNTY OF, 65, 67, 217; CITADEL CATHOLICS AS ELIZABETH'S SUCCESSOR, OF, 380 205 ATHENS, CLAIMED BY THE KINGS OF ARAGON, UNITED WITH CASTILE, 1; ITS ARAGON, 4 CONNECTION WITH SICILY, NAPLES ETC., AUBIGNY, M. D', 260 3, 4; ITS RELATIONS WITH FRANCE, 6; AUDIENCE, see CHANCERY; AT SEVILLE RESISTS THE INQUISITION, 18; COUNCIL AND GALICIA, 23 OF, 24; CONSTITUTION OF, 25; INDE AUGSBURG, DIET OF, 113; LEAGUE PENDENCE OF, 26; OPPOSITION TO OF, 307 CHARLES IN,34; ACQUIRES ROUSSILLON, AUGUSTUS II OF POLAND, 371 45; CHARLES'S TREATMENT OF, 82 ; AUGUSTUS III ACCEPTED AS KING OF PHILIP VISITS, 112; RISING IN, 192; POLAND, 372 PHILIP III BELOVED BY, 199, 321 ; D'AULNOY, MADAME, 297, 300 MOORS EXPELLED FROM, 213; LOSES D'AVALOS, see PESCARA ITS AUTONOMY, 337; SUBMITS TO AVENNE, BATTLE OF, 239 PHILIP, 343; REVOLTS, 365; see AVERSA, THE FRENCH CAPITULATE AT, CORTES 62 ARANDA, COUNT DE, IN PORTUGAL, AVILA, SANTA JUNTA AT, 36 395; PRESIDENT OF THE COUNCIL, AYAMONTE, MARQUIS OF, DISCOVERS 398; HIS REFORMS, 399, 402; THE PLOT TO MURDER JOHN IV, 255; SECURES THE EXPULSION OF THE JESUITS, EXECUTED FOR TREASON AGAINST PHILIP 400; DISMISSED, 401; AMBASSADOR IV, 256 IN PARIS, 405 ; OPPOSES FLORIDA- AYTONA, MARQUIS OF, 240 BLANCA, 410 'ARCHDUKES, THE,' INHERIT THE NE BADAJOZ, SIEGES OF, 279, 331 THERLANDS, 194; ENTER OSTEND, BADEN, PRINCE LOUIS OF, 329 206; MAKE AN EIGHT MONTHS' BALAGUER, FORT, 339 TRUCE WITH MAURICE, 207; SIGN BALEARIC ISLES, CONQUERED BY ARAGON, THE TRUCE FOR 12 YEARS, 208 4 ; RAIDED BY BARBAROSSA, 73 ARCOS, DUKE OF, VICEROY OF NAPLES, — see MINORCA, MAJORCA 272; FLEES, 273; DEPOSED, 274 BALTASAR CARLOS, INFANTE DON, 269 ARIAS, ARCHBISHOP OF SEVILLE, 317, BARBARA OF BRAGANZA, MARRIES FER 321, 327> 331 DINAND VI, 384 ; SECURES PEACE, Armada, THE, 177-184 id.; DIES, 390 'ARMED NEUTRALITY,' 406 BARBAROSSA, ALIAS KHEIR-ED-DIN, ARMY, SPANISH, BEFORE THE WAR OF SUCCEEDS HIS BROTHER IN ALGIERS, GRANADA, 27, 28; REPUTATION OF 67 ; ACCEPTS THE SUZERAINTY OF THE THE INFANTRY, 47, 267; REORGANISED PORTE, 68; TAKES BONA, CONSTANTINE BY PHILIP V, 327 ; BY CHARLES III, AND TUNIS, id.; LOSES 80 SHIPS AT 403 GOLETTA, 69; RAIDS THE BALEARIC ARRAS, BATTLE OF, 276 ISLES, 73 ; ALLIED WITH FRANCE, id.; ARTHUR, PRINCE OF WALES, MARRIES CHARLES' SECOND EXPEDITION AGAINST, CATHERINE OF ARAGON, 9 id.; DIES, 74

432 Index. Barcelona, revolt in, 258; declares Blake, Robert, 277 Louis XIII its Count, 260; with Blanche, Queen of Navarre, di stands Los Velez's assault, 261; vorced from Henry IV of Cas capitulates, 279; taken by Ven- tile, 2; bequeaths Navarre to d6me, 311; attacked by Rooke, him, ib. 330; taken by Peterborough, 332; Blavet, seized by the Spanish, 189 besieged by Philip V, 334; storm Blenheim, battle of, 329 ed by Berwick, 346 Boleyn, Anne, execution of, 75 — Treaties of, in 1493, 6; in 1529, Bologna, Charles I crowned at, 64; 63 the Council of Trent transferred Barrier Treaty, 344 to, 94 Bavaria, Elector of, 328, 329, 344 Bombay, acquired by England, 281 — Ferdinand Leopold, Electoral Bona, 68, 70 prince of, claims the Spanish Bonn, 328 crown, 314; dies, ib. Bonnivet, Guillaume de, outgene- Bay, Marquis de, 343 ralled by Pescara, 50 Bayard, Chevalier, as a general, 47; Bordeaux, taken by Mazarin, 276 dies, 50 Bothwell, Earl of, 205 Beatrice of Portugal, wife of Bouchain, 344 Charles III of Savoy, an ad Boufflers, Marshal, 328 mirer of Charles I, 70; daughter Bouillon, Principality of, 46 of Manoel, 167 Boulogne, taken by Henry VIII, Beck, Baron de, 267 75; negotiations at, 203 Bedmar, Marquis of, ambassador Bourbon, Cardinal of, proclaimed at Venice, 218 King as Charles X, 187 Beggars of the Sea, 146, 208 Bourbon, Constable, deserts Francis Belcastel, General, 342 I, 51; Charles' promises to him, Bellefonds, Marshal de, 306 ib., 52; invades Provence, 52; Benedict XIV, concludes a Con quarrels with Pescara, 53; retreats, cordat with Ferdinand VI, 389 ib.; at Pavia, 54; loses his pro Benevente, Count, 313, 315, 317 mised crown and bride, 55; at Bergen-op-Zoom, Truce of, 208 tacks Rome and dies, 59 Berghes, Marquis de, Governor of Bourbon, Duke of, 363 Hainault, prevents persecution, Boyne, battle of the, 308 144; at Madrid, 147; overborne Braganza, Barbara of, see Barbara by Alba, ib., 158 — Catherine of, see Catherine Bergues, Count de, 240 — Catherine, Duchess of, grand Berlips, Baroness, 310 daughter of Manoel of Portugal, Bermudez, Father, 366 167 Berwick, Duke of, invades Portu — Prince Edward of, 256 gal, 329; resigns, 330; in Spain, — John, Duke of, see John IV 334-336; wins Almansa, 337; of Portugal conquers Aragon, ib.; in Dau- Breda, siege and fall of, 233 phine\ 341; storms Barcelona, Brederode, Admiral, 146, 208 346; invades Spain, 355 Breme, battle of, 241 Bezons, Marshal, accused of treach Breslau, treaty of, 378 ery to Philip V, 339; in Cata Breze, Due de, wins Avenne, 239; lonia, 341 in Spain, 262 Bicocca, battle of, 49 Brihuega, battle of, 343 Biserta, ceded to Charles I, 70 Bristol, G. W. Hervey, Earl of, 394

Index. 433 Bristol, JohnDigby, Earl of, 229, 230 Campomanes, Count de, 401 Brittany, united to France, 6; pro Canales, Marquis de, 327 tected by Henry VII and Maxi Capua, 372 milian, 8 Caracena, Count, defeated at Mon- Brochero, Diego, commands fleet tesclaros, 282 sent to Ireland in 1601, 204 — Marquis de, Viceroy of Va Broschi, Carlo (Farinelli), 386, 387 lencia, 212 Brown, Count, 383 Cardenas, Alonso de, Spanish am Bruges, taken by Marlborough, 338 bassador to Cromwell, 277 Brussels, 112, 165 — Ifiigo de, Spanish ambassador Buckingham, Duke of, leans to at Paris, 216 Spain, 229; visits Madrid, 230; Cardona, Duke of, 258 quarrels with OUvares, 231; turns Carew, Lord, 229 to France, 232; his expedition to Carlos, Don, son of Philip II, 113; Rochelle, 236; assassinated, ib. betrothed to Elizabeth of Valois, Buenos Ayres, factory at, 374; at 125; at an auto da ft, 130; de tacked by Portugal, 404; anarchy formed, 147; plans for his mar in, 407 riage, 147, 148; his lunacy, 148; Bugia, acquired by Spain, 10 bent on going to Flanders, 149; Burgos revolts, 35 plots to murder his father, ib.; Burgoyne, General, 395 imprisoned, ib.; dies, 150 Burgundy, claimed by Charles I, Carmona, Duke of, 241 45» 63; ancient English alliance Carranza, Bartolome de, Archbishop with, 51, 75, 98; ceded by the of Toledo, 129; imprisoned by treaty of Madrid, 55 the Inquisition, ib.; dies, 130 Bussy, M. de, 394 Cartagena (Spain), 336 Bute, Lord, 395 — (S. America), 375 Byng, George, Admiral, defeats the Carvajal, Don Jose, 385, 389; dies, Spanish at Syracuse, 354 — John, Admiral, defeated, 390 Casa de Contratacion, 82, 88 Casale, 380 Cadiz, factions in, 20; prosperity of, Cassano, battle of, 333 88; burnt by Essex, 193; attacked Cassinato, battle of, 333 by Wimbledon, 232; threatened Castelar, Marquis of, 374, 380 by Rooke and Ormond, 325 Castel Davide, 330 Cadogan, Earl, 338 Castel-melhor, Count de, seizes Calahorra, Bishop of, 172, 173 power in Portugal, 281 Calais, captured by Guise, 22; re Castelnovo, 73 tained by France, 124; captured Castile, united to Aragon, 1 ; re by Spain, 1596, 190 lations with Portugal, 2; and Calatrava, Order of, 14 France, 6 ; position of the Crown Calderon, Maria, 269 at Isabella's accession, 11 ; towns — Pedro, 247 of, 18—20, 35, 80, 81 ; judicial — Don Rodrigo, 209, 219, 220, system of, 23, 24 ; revenue of, 2, 225 6, 27, 286; Ferdinand regent Cambrai, Treaties of, 1508, 7; of, 31, 32; Philip I in, 31 ; 1529 ("the Ladies' Peace"), 63 Charles and Juana succeed to, — congress of, 358, 361 32 ; craves a resident king, 33; Campeachy, 395, 406 dissatisfied with Charles I, 33, Campillo, 377, 389, 401 34; decline of liberty in, 78,

H. S. 28

434 Index. 133, 157, 320 ; reforms advocated XIV, ib.; ceded to Spain by in, 79, 321 ; under Philip II, Charles VIII, 6 134; Moors expelled from, 213; Ceri, Renzo da, 53, 59 cleaves to Philip V, 335 ; see Cerisola, battle of, 74 Cortes and Council Cervantes, Miguel, 247 Catalonia, in the 15th century, 2; Cervia, held by Venice, 62; re resists the Inquisition, 18 ; pros stored to the Pope, 64 perity of, 27; visited by Philip Ceuta, 285, 357, 370, 403 II, 112; Moors expelled from, Chambergos, the, 290, 298 213; repels Conde, 242; charac Champigny, joins Orange, 164 ter of its people, 256; Santa Chancellorship, Grand, attached to Colonna on, 257; revolt in, the See of Toledo, 13, 33, 34 258—261 ; occupied by the Chanceries or Audiences, the, at French, 262, 263 ; recovered, Valladolid and Granada, 23 279, 280 ; twice invaded by Louis Charleroi, battle of, 291 ; fall of, XIV, 292, 306, 310, 311 ; re 311; offered to Holland, 340 stored at Ryswick, 311; welcomes Charles I (V) of Spain, his birth, Charles VI (III), 332 ; conquered 31; his accession, 32 ; arrives in by Philip V, 346; loses privi Spain and dismisses Jimenez, 33; leges, ib.; revolts, 365; see Cortes takes the oath in Aragon, 34; Cateau Cambresis, Peace of, 124, encounters opposition there and 125 . in Catalonia, ib; elected Em Catherine of Aragon, marries Arthur peror, ib.; his dealings with the of England, 9; marries Henry Castilian Cortes, 21, 34, 35; VIII, ib.; divorce of, 60; dies, makes Adrian regent, 35; his conduct after the revolt of the Catherine of Austria, sister of Communes, 42 ; quarrels with the Charles I, marries John III of Valencian Cortes, ib. ; aids the Portugal, 104 Valencian nobles, 44; causes of Catherine of Braganza, marries the war with Francis I, ib.; his Charles II, 281 resources, ib., 46; his army, Catherine de' Medici, LeoX plans a 47; courts Henry VIII and the French match for her, 48 ; marries papacy, ib.; Mary Tudor pro Henry II, 66; her Italian claims, mised to, 48 ; meets Henry VIII, 70; Dauphiness, 72; political ib.; abandons Ferrara, ib. ; de guide of Elizabeth Valois, 132; taches Parma and Piacenza from tries to marry Margaret Valois to Milan, 49 ; crowned at Aix, ib.; Don Carlos, 147; declines to at the Diet of Worms, ib.; drives exterminate the Huguenots, 150; the French from Lombardy, ib.; covets Flanders for Alencon, 166; rules harshly in Italy, 50; his Philip's policy towards, ib., 173 offers to Bourbon, 51; invades Catherine of Navarre, marries Jean Provence, 52, 53; wins Pavia, d'Albret, 2 54; makes the treaty of Madrid, Catherine of Spain, daughter of ib., 55; sends Francis to Spain, Philip II, marries the Duke of 56 ; his relations with Clement Savoy, 178 VII, 51, 56, 58; threatened by Catinat, Marshal, 311 the League of Cognac, 57; his Cerda, Don Martin de la, 203 Italian position, 56—58 ; takes Cerdagne, mortgaged to Louis XI, Milan, 58; disavows Moncada's a 1 united to France by Louis actions, 59; captures Clement,

Index. 435 60; his difficulties, 60, 61; makes ib., 115; retires to Yuste, 98, the treaties of Barcelona and 118; trains Philip, 102, 105, 106, Cambrai, 63; lands at Genoa, 113; makes him regent, 105; 64; crowned with the Iron guarantees Maximilian's succes Crown at Bologna, ib.; crowned sion, 108; his policy in the as Emperor, id.; makes peace Netherlands, 108, 109; sends with Venice, ib.; restores the Philip to Italy, no; attends the Medici, ib., 96; his treatment of Diet of Augsburg, 113; confers Savoy and Genoa, ib.; change in on Philip Naples and Sicily, his circle, 66; his settlement of Milan, the Netherlands, and the succession, 66, 76, 94, 108, Spain, 118; takes farewell of the 113; leagued with the Italian Flemings, ib.; resigns the im States, 66; his attitude towards perial crown, ib.; makes the truce the Turks, 67 ; takes Goletta and of Vaucelles, ib. Tunis, 69; restores Muley Hassan, Charles II of Spain, his accession, 70; receives Goletta, Bona, and 284; comes of age, 296; escapes Biserta, ib.; acquires Milan, ib.; his mother's power, 298; his ap invades Provence but retreats, pearance, 299 ; marries, 301; his 71; signs a ten years' truce at habits, 302, 306; government of, Nice, ib.; meets Francis at 3°3—3°5> 3*o ; accepts the treaty Aigues-Mortes, ib.; quarrels with of Ratisbon, 306; marries Mary Francis, 72; invests Philip with Anne of Neuburg, 308 ; dismisses Milan, ib.; invades Algiers, 73; Oropesa, 309; illness of, 310, his last war with France, 74; at 313 ; recalls Oropesa, 312 ; said the Diet of Speyer, ib.; crushes to be bewitched, 315 ; leaves his the Duke of Cleves, ib.; annexes dominions to Philip and dies, 317 Guelders, ib.; invades France in Charles III of Spain, his Italian concert with Henry VIII, 75; claims, 353, 357; betrothed to makes peace at Crespy, ib., 91; Orleans' daughter, 358; the his policy in Spain, 76 ; his man match broken off, 364 ; recognised ners, ib.; marries Isabella of as Duke of Parma, 368; wel Portugal, 77; his relations with comed in Italy, 369 ; repudiates the Cortes of Castile, 78—81; the imperial suzerainty, 371 ; his system of government, 82 ; conquers Sicily and Naples, 372 ; encourages agriculture, 85; makes aids the French faction in Spain, the Ebro canal, ib.; sells the 386; protests against the ex Moluccas to Portugal, 88; his change of Tuy for Sacramento, debts, 89; his colonial policy, 388; succeeds to Spain, 392 ; 91; attacks the Protestant Princes, arranges the succession, ib.; lands ib.; wTins Muhlberg, 92; publishes in Spain, ib.; signs the ' Family

the Interim, ib.y 95 ; driven from Compact' of 1761, 394 ; at waT Innsbruck by Maurice of Saxony, with England, ib.; invades Por 92; recovers South Germany, tugal, ib.; makes peace, 395; his ib.; fails to take Metz, ib. ; his regulations of dress, 397, 399; ecclesiastical policy, 93—95; his expels the Jesuits, 399; occupies disputes with Paul III, 95 ; con the Falkland Islands, 400; aban fers Milan, Siena, and the Vica dons them, 401; his reforms, 402, riate of Italy on Philip, 97; his 409; attacks the Moors, 403 ; friendship with England, 98; makes a treaty with Portugal, marries Philip to Mary Tudor, 404; joins France and America

28—2

436 Index.

against England, 405 ; attempts the Spanish, ib.; invades Pro to make peace, 406; signs the vence, 383 ; wins Exilles, 384 treaty of Paris, 408; makes a Charles Louis, Elector Palatine, 237 treaty with Algiers, ib.; dies, Chatelet, 276 411; his character, ib. Chatillon, Marshal, wins Avenne, Charles IV of Spain, 392, 404, 410, 239, besieges St Omer, 241 411 Chavigny, persuades Philip V to Charles I of England, visits Madrid, resign, 360 230, 231; marries Henrietta Cherasco, treaty of, 237 Maria, 232; his foreign policy, Chievres, Guillaume de Croy, Lord 235—237 J hfs death, 277 of, minister of Charles I, 33; Charles II of England, marries dies; 49, 66 Catherine of Braganza, 281 ; pro Chili, trade and colonisation ot, 88 cures the recognition of Portu Chimay, Prince of, 306 guese independence by Spain, Chinchon, Count de, 169 285; in the Triple Alliance, Choiseul, Due de, 400, 401, 404 288, 290 ; allied with Louis, 291; Christian of Denmark, crushed by allied with Holland, 293 Tilly, 235 Charles VI, Emperor (called III of Christine of Denmark, marries Spain), his claim to the Spanish Francesco Sforza, 64 Crown, 312; lands at Lisbon, Cienfuegos, Cardinal, 364 329; proclaimed in Valencia, Cinq Mars, Marquis of, intrigues 331; enters Barcelona, 332; be with Olivares, 263 sieged there, 334; proclaimed in Clarke, Father, 366 Madrid, 335; accepted by Aragon Clement VII, Pope, 51; the centre and Naples, 336 ; wins Almansa of the Spanish party under Leo and Almenara, and re-enters X, ib.; aids Francis I, 54; his Madrid, 342 ; evacuates it, 343; relations with Charles, 56, 58, becomes Emperor, ib.; accepts 59; flees to Sant' Angelo, 59 ; the treaty of Rastadt, 344; allied escapes from the sack of Rome, with England, 353; postpones a ib.; in Charles's power, 60; sur final settlement, 357 ; acknow renders the keys of the Papal ledges the Italian claims of States, 61; his policy, 62 ; con Charles of Spain, 361, 365; cludes the treaty of Barcelona, makes the treaty of Vienna in 63 ; veers towards France, 66; 1725, 364; desires Maria Theresa meets Francis I, 67; his death, to succeed, 367, 368, 376; agrees ib. to the treaty of Vienna of 1731, Clement XIV, forced to suppress 368; recognises Charles as King the Jesuits, 400, 401 of Naples and Sicily, 372; makes Clement, Jacques, murders Henry the treaty of Vienna of 1736, III, 187 373 J dies, 376 Clergy, Spanish, power and wealth Charles VIII of France, 6, 7 of, 15; taxation of, ib., 135; Charles the Bold, confiscates Guel- reformation of, 16, 30, 38; in ders, 46 the revolt of the communes, 40; Charles Emmanuel, King of Sar in the Valencian revolt, 44; re dinia, joins Maria Theresa, 378 ; fuse a subsidy, 61, 79; supply receives Vigevano, 379; beaten money for Charles's German war, by Don Philip and Gages, 380; 93; dependent on the Crown, treats with Louis XV, ib.; defeats 119, 128; numbers of, 221

Index. 437

Cleves, Duchy of, occupied by Corregidores, 19, 20, 37, 81, 133 Archduke Andrew and Mendoza, Corsica, almost conquered by Al 203 fonso of Aragon, 4 Cleves, Duke of, occupies Guelders, Cortes, Fernando, shares in the 72 ; marries the heiress of Na Algerian expedition, 73; conquers varre, ib.; crushed by Charles, 74 Mexico, 90; honoured by Charles, Cloth-trade, the, growth of, 83— 91; his expeditions to the North- 85> 136; revived by Ripperd£, West, ib.; dies in poverty, ib. 364 Cortes of Aragon, Composition Cobos, Francisco de los, minister of and powers of, 25, 104; take the Charles I, 66, 105, 106 oath of allegiance to Philip II, Cognac, League of, 57, 92 103; in 1518, 34; in 1542 (Mon Coligny, Admiral, 122 zon), 103, 104; in 1551, 114; in Colonna, Fadrique, Prince of 1564, 141; in 1593 (Tarazona), Butera, 261, 262 192; in 1626, 234; in 1701 (Zara — Prospero, as a general, 47; goza), 321 defeats Lautrec, 50 — of Castile, their powers and — Vittoria, wife of Pescara, 57 composition, 20, no, note; fre Columbus, his voyages, 3 quently summoned by Charles I Committee of Thirteen, of Valencia, and Philip II, less often by Fer 43> 44 dinand and Isabella, 21, 78; re Communeros, revolt of, 35—42 lations with Charles I, 33, 78; Concini, Concino (Marshal d'Ancre), projected reform of, 38; demand murder of, 229 reforms, 79, in; advise an am Concordat of 1753, between Fer nesty for the communes, 79; re fuse to allow a sisa, 80; the nobles dinand VI and Benedict XIV, cease to be summoned to, ib.; 389 Conde*, Henry, Prince of, 241, 242 deterioration of, ib., 81; their — Louis, Prince of, wins Rocroy, economic standpoint, heresies, and measures, 84-87, 89, 90, 112; 267; takes Thionville, 268 ; wins their laws abrogated by Charles I Lens, 270; joins the Spaniards, and Philip II, 128; a mere 276; governor of Burgundy, 280; machine for legalising exactions, his Flemish campaigns, ib., 291, 133; protest against illegal taxa 292 tion, 156, 157; Philip declares Coni, 379 their annual supplies to be obli Constantine, taken by Barbarossa, gatory tribute, 157; cease to be 68 Contarini, Gaspard, 208, 209 summoned afresh, 320; in 1476, Corbie, siege of, 239 21; in 1480 (Toledo), 15, 21; in Cordoba, revolts against the In 1498, 22; in 1499, ib.; in 1501, quisition, 18 ; forms a loyal union ib.; in 1502, ib.; in 1518 (Valla with Seville, 39 dolid), 33; in ,1519 (Santiago — Gonsalvo de, wins Naples and Corunna), 34, 35; in 1523, for Spain, 7; assumes the pro 78; in 1525 (Toledo), 79; in tectorate of Pisa, 8; creates the 1527, 61, 79; in 1528 (Madrid), Spanish infantry, 28; aided in 87, 102; in 1538, 79-80; in 1544 Italy by Pedro Navarro, 29; (Toledo), 106, 108; in 1548 suspected of infidelity, 31 (Valladolid), 110-112; in 1551 — Don Luis de, 405 (Madrid), 114; in 1555, 127, 128; Cornwallis, Lord, 407 in 1560 (Toledo), 137; in 1563,

438 Index.

140, 148; in 1566, 155; in 1570, Courtrai, battle of, 270; taken by 156; in 1573, x57; in J576, id.; Louis XIV, 306; restored at in 1586, 179; in 1588 (Madrid), Ryswick, 311 id.; in 1593, 198; in 1598, 199; Crequi, Marshal de, 241, 292, 306 in 1621, 226; in 1623, 228; in Crespy, peace of, 75, 109 1632, 245; in 1638, id.; in 1639, Creswell, Father, 205 id.; in 1643, 269; in 1654, 27l'> Cromwell, Oliver, attacks the Span in 1701, 321; in 1713, 347 ish Indies, 277; his demands, id.; Cortes of Catalonia, in 1519 (Barce allied with France, 278 lona), 34; in 1542 (Monzon), 103, — Thomas, fall of, 75 104; in 1626 (Lerida), 235, 257; Cruzada, the Bull of, Council of, in 1632 (Barcelona), 257; in 1701 24; nature of, 27; the Santa (Barcelona), 321 Junta on, 37; proceeds seized by — of Valencia, 25; crushed by the Communes, 41; a source of Philip IV, 235; in 1520 (Valen revenue, 135; Pius IV threatens cia), 43; in 1542 (Monzon), 103; to withdraw the King's right to in 1626 (Monzon), 234 sell, 142; Pius V renews it, 161 Corunna, Cortes removed to, 35, 38 Cuba, 5, 91 Cottington, Lord, 229 Cuenca, See of, 15 Councils, Administrative, growth Currency, scarcity in Spain, 86, 89, of, 82; rendered ineffective by 200; measures regarding, id., 201, Olivares, 249; rehabilitated, 264; 245> 305 become effete, 351 Cyprus, taken from Venice by the Council of Aragon, 24, 77, 82 Turks, 161 — Royal, of Castile, its legal element increased, 13, 22; its composition and organisation, 22 Daubenton, Father, 356, 359, 360 —23; its functions, 23, 134; dis Dauphine\ promised to Bourbon, 52 likes the spread of tillage, 84; Denia, Marquis of, confidant of inquires into the causes of dis Charles I, 76 tress, 221 Denmark, joins the league against — of the Chamber, detached from Louis XIV, 325 the Council of Castile, 82 Desmond, Earl of, rebels, 166; sup — of Finance, 24, 134 ported by Philip and the Pope, id. — of Flanders, 82 Deza, Cardinal, persecutes the — of the Hermandad, 24 Moriscos, 153, 154 — of the Indies, 82 Diaz, Father, 314; accused of be — of Italy, 82 witching Charles II, 315, 316 — of the Military Orders, 24 Dixmunde, 278, 306, 311 — of Night, the, 169 Dominican Friars, the Inquisition — of State, the, separated from in their hands, 16; attack the the Royal Council, 22; its cha followers of Erasmus, 61 racter, id.; its functions consul Doria, Andrea, recovers Genoa for tative and relating specially to the French, 60; abandons Francis foreign affairs, id., 133, 134; only 1,62; Doge of Genoa, 65; shares two Spaniards in, 76; denned, 82 in the invasion of Tunis, 69; and — of War, 134 in Charles' attack on Algiers, 73; — of Trent, see Trent meets Philip II in the Bay of Courtenay, Edward, a candidate for Rosas, 112 Mary Tudor's hand, 115 — Gian Andrea, in the expedition

Index. 439 to Tripoli, 137; flees, 138; at Le- negotiates for a marriage with panto, 162; attacks Algiers, 210 Charles IX, ib.; seizes ^31,000 Dragut Reis, 74; ravages Sicily, from a Spanish fleet, 156; expels Naples, and Minorca, and cap the Spanish ambassador, ib.; tures Tripoli, 137; defeats the seizes Spanish shipping, ib.; sup Spanish, 138; besieges Malta, 139 ports Alencon and the Hugue Drake, Sir Francis, harries the nots, ib.; Scotch, French, and Spanish colonies, 170; burns the Spanish plots against, 174-176; shipping in Cadiz, 180; attacks assists Don Antonio, 184; sub the Armada, 182; invades Por sidises Henry IV, 188; sends tugal, 184 Essex to France, 189; dies, 205 Duarte, son of Manoel of Portugal, Elizabeth of Valois, daughter of 167 Henry II, betrothed to Don Car Dubarry, Madame, 400 los, 125; marries Philip II, 126, Dubois, Cardinal, 359 131; beloved by the Spaniards, Dunkirk, taken by Conde, 276; 126; catches smallpox, ib.; object retaken, 278; kept by England, of her marriage, 132, 147-148; 280; dismantled, 344 dies, 150 Eliott, General (Lord Heathfield), Eboli, Princess of, 190, 191, 252 defends Gibraltar, 4-J5-407 Ebro canal, made by Charles I, 85 Elvas, battle of, 280 Edward VI, his friendly relations Emanuel of Portugal, marries the with Charles I, 98; dies, ib., 115 Infanta Isabella, 9 Egmont, Count, signs a petition for Empire, The, Charles I in, 92; the withdrawal of Spanish troops, refuses a Spanish Emperor, 94; 126; remonstrates against Gran- relations with Milan, 97; succes velle's conduct, 144; visits Philip, sion to, 108-110; Thirty Years' 146; executed, 158 War in, 218, 219, 238, 275; at Elba, seized by France, 272 war with France, 232, 237, 239, Eleanor, Queen of Portugal, and 291-294, 3O5-3I2> 322-344* 37*- France, 51, 55, 113 372; religious question in, settled Elizabeth of Bourbon, daughter of at Miinster, 275; struggles with Henry IV, marries Philip IV, the Turks, 63, 66, 283, 307, 311, 216, 217; renounces her claim to 352 the Crown, ib.; her relations with Enghien, Due d', defeats Guasto Philip, 249; desires Olivares' fall, at Cerisola, 74 263; dies, 269 England, relations with Spain, 4; Elizabeth Farnese, marries Philip V, alliance with Burgundy, 51, 75, 348; banishes Ursinos, 349; her 98; relation to the Netherlands, rule, 350; her policy, 352, 356, 47, 63, 97; importance of her 359, 361; aims at the French friendship to the Spanish Crown, crown, 367; her success in Italy, 97, 98,115, 124; dread of Philip's 369; her later schemes, 371, 374, marriage in, ib.; persecution in, 370, 390; opposes the treaty of 117; unwilling to fight France, Vienna, 373; retires, 383; regent ib., 121; loses Calais, 122; loses on Ferdinand's death, 390 Guisnes, 123; supplies Philip with Elizabeth Tudor, her accession, 123; money and a fleet, ib.; alleged her attitude towards Philip, 124; Catholicism of, 125; Flemish im Philip's policy towards, ib., 166; migrants in, 145; seminary priests aids the Flemings, 150, 158; in, 174; proposed invasions of,

440 Index. 174-6; prosperity of, 201; Philip Exilles, battle of, 384 Ill's attempted invasion of, 202; inclines to Spain under James I, Falkland Isles, seized by Spain, 229; dragged into war with Spain 400; restored to England, .401 by Richelieu, 232 ; at war with Family Compact of 17 61, 394 France, 235; unimportant on the Farinelli, see Broschi Continent, 237; intervenes be Farnese, Alexander, Duke of Parma, tween Louis XIV and Spain, 287; sent to conquer the States, 165; her conduct at Utrecht, 344; wins Gemblours, 166; sows strife makes a commercial treaty with between the Catholics and Pro Spain, 352; allied with the Em testants, ib.; marries, 167; col pire, 353; forces a war on Spain, lects 30,000 men for the Armada, 374 177; advocates peace, ib.; re Englefield, Sir Francis, 175 fuses to start till the Channel is Ensenada, Marquis of, 383; re clear, 181, 183; joins Mayenne creates the navy, reforms the and relieves Paris, 188; quarrels taxation, and encourages com with Mayenne, 189; relieves merce, 385, 388, 401; favours Rouen, but retreats and dies, ib. France, 386, 389; set aside, 387; — Antonio, see Parma, Duke of secretly negotiates with France, — Cardinal, elected Pope as Paul 388; arrested, ib. III, 67 Epernon, General d', occupies Tarra — Elizabeth, see Elizabeth gona, 260; returns to France, ib. — Orazio, affianced to the Dau Erasmus, his followers defend phin's bastard, 96 Charles I, 61 — Ottavio, marries the Duchess Escobedo, Juan de, sent to be a of Parma, 95, 96, 126 mentor to Don Juan, 163; accom — Pier Luigi, son of Paul III, panies him to Madrid and Flan 95; murdered by Gonzaga, 96 ders, 164; sent to Spain, 165; Felton, John, 236 murdered by Philip's order, 166, Ferdinand of Aragon, 1,6, 7, 8-10; 190, 191 his domestic policy, 12-15; and Eslava, Viceroy of Cartagena, 379 the Papacy, 15, 16; jealous of Espinosa, Cardinal, Don Carlos tries the towns, 20; and the Castilian to murder, 148; made Inquisitor- Cortes, 21; appoints assessors to General, 152; persecutes the Mo the Justicia, 25; rarely summons riscos, 153; dies, 160 the Cortes of Aragon, 27; studies Essex, Earl of, sent to France, 189; artillery, 28; regent of Castile, burns Cadiz, 193 31; surrenders the regency, ib.; d'Estrees, Cardinal, ambassador at regent again, 32; restores order, Madrid, 326; offends Portocar- ib.; his intentions as to the suc rero andUrsinos, ib.; recalled, 327 cession, ib., 108; encourages Estremadura, Moors expelled from, foreign settlers, 87; admits Ara 213 gon to the American trade, 88 Eugene, Prince, in North Italy, Ferdinand and Isabella, their sys 322, 324; defeated at Luzzara, tem of government, 12-15, J9~ ib.; wins Blenheim, 329; de 21 feated by Vend6me, 333; wins Ferdinand VI of Spain, his acces Turin, ib.; raises the siege of sion and policy, 362, 383, 387- Toulon, 337; defeated at Frei 390; marries Barbara of Bra burg and Landau, 344 ganza, 384: makes the treaty

Index. 441

of Aix-la-Chapelle, 384; his char Flanders, Council of, 82 acter and counsellors, 385, 387; Fleurus, battle of, 308 concludes a Concordat with Bene Fleury, Cardinal, 366, 367, 368; dict XIV, 389; dies a lunatic, gives the Spanish passage to Italy, 377; dies, 378 Ferdinand I, Emperor, 32, 33; sent Florence, controlled by Leo X, out of Spain by Charles, 34; elect 48; ruled by a Medici, 56; op ed King of the Romans ,66, 108; poses Charles I, 58, 63-64, 71, makes a truce with the Turks, 96; Spanish garrison withdrawn 91; negotiates with Charles V from, 96; see Medici as to the succession, 94, 108; Florida, exploration of, n; ceded Emperor, 118 to England, 395; fighting in, 406; Ferdinand II, Emperor, attacked retained by Spain, 408 by Frederic, of Bohemia, 218; Floridablanca, Monino, Count de, aided by Philip III, id.; has ambassador at Rome, 401; chief Wallenstein murdered, 238 minister, 404; initiates the ' Arm Ferdinand, King of Naples, son of ed Neutrality' policy, 406; ac Charles III, 392, 410 cepts the treaty of Paris, 408; Ferdinand, Cardinal Infante, gover his reforms, 408-410; retires, 410 nor of Flanders, 238; at Nord- Foix, House of, marriages of, 2, 7 lingen, id.; resists Richelieu, — Germaine de, marries Ferdi 239; his straits, 240; Viceroy of nand of Aragon, 7; punishes the Catalonia, 257; dies, 266 Valencian rebels, 44 Feria, Count, Spanish ambassador Fontainebleau, treaty of, 379, 400 in England, 123; demands aid France, hostility of Maximilian and for Philip II, id.; propitiates Ferdinand to, 45; grounds of Elizabeth, 124 quarrel with Spain, id.; position — Jane Dormer, Duchess of, 175 of, 46; Reformers in, 123, 125; — Lorenzo, Duke of, ambassador Philip proposes to dismember or in Paris, 190 conquer, 186-189; unite(l by — Duke of, recovers the French Henry IV, 190; allied with conquests, 233 Cromwell, 278; acquires Alsace, Ferrara, claimed by Leo X, 48 Artois, and Roussillon, 280 — Duke of, holds Modena and Franche Comte, proposed union of Reggio, 62; pardoned by Charles with the Netherlands, 72; re I, 64; dependent on him, 65 stored to Spain at Aix, 288; fin Ferte, Marshal la, 276 ally occupied by France, 291 Fieschi, John Louis, attempts to Francis I, wins Marignano, 8, 45, seize Genoa, 96; is drowned, id. 47; his rivalry with Charles, 44, Figueras, 279, 291 45; saves Ferrara from Leo X, Figueroa, chief minister of Charles id.; disavows responsibility for III, 401 attacks on the Netherlands, 49; Flanders, suzerainty ceded to Charles overruns Spanish Navarre, id., by Francis, 55; Alba in, 159-160; 53; captured at Pavia, 55; ac Requesens in, 160; Don Juan in, cepts the treaty of Madrid, id.; 164, 165; Farnese in, 165, 166; Eleanor of Portugal betrothed to governed by the Archdukes, 194; him, id.; concludes the League of claimed and invaded by Louis Cognac, id.; unites with Henry XIV, 287; ceded by Philip V VIII to procure Clement's re to the Austrians, 344 lease, 60; invades Italy, id.; alien-

442 Index. ates Doria, 62; his armies de Garay, defeated by Catalan rebels, stroyed, ib.; accepts the treaty of 259 Cambrai, ib.; abandons de la Gardiner, Bishop, imposes hard Marck and the Duke of Guelders, conditions on Philip II, 116 ib.; meets Clement at Marseilles, Gastenata, Admiral, 354 66; intrigues with Pope and Pro Gattinara, Chancellor, 34, 56 testants, 67; demands Milan, Gavignana, battle of, 64 Genoa and Asti, ib.; allied with Gelves, Los, island of, captured by the Sultan, ib.; claims and oc the Spanish, 138; defended by cupies Savoy, ib.; makes a truce de Sande, ib. with the Netherlands, ib.; con Gemblours, battle of, 166 cludes a ten years' truce at Nice Genoa, attacked by Alfonso of Ara with Charles, ib.; meets Charles gon, 4; French partisans replaced at Aigues-Mortes, ib.; allied with by Imperialists in, 49; recovered Barbarossa, 73; last war with by Doria for the French faction, Charles, 74; allied with the Turk, 60,61; Charles lands at, 64,65; its ib.; attacked at home by Henry fleet, bankers and merchants, ib., and Charles, 75; makes peace at 87; aids the attack on Tunis, 69; Crespy, ib., 91 jealous of Venice, 73; Gonzaga's Franciscans, Quifiones, General of intentions towards, 96; Fieschi's the, 60; attack the Erasmian sect, attempt to betray, ib.; Philip II 61 visits, 112; joins Spain against Franquesa, Secretary, 209-214 Richelieu, 232; bombarded by Frederic II, occupies Silesia, 377; Louis XIV, 306; aids the French makes treaty of Breslau, 378 and Spaniards, 379; blockaded Frederic, Elector Palatine, elected by the English, 383; the popu King of Bohemia, 218; ruined at lace defeat the Austrians, 384 Prague, 219; dies, 237 George I, promises to restore Gib Fregoso, 74 raltar, 358; signs the treaty of Freiburg, battle of, 344 Seville, 367 Frigiliana, Count, 317 George II, makes the treaty of Fronde, the, 275 Vienna, 1731, 368; attempts to Frundsberg, at Pavia, 54; crosses reconcile Austria and Spain, 371; the Alps, 58; joins Bourbon, 59 arranges the treaty of 1735, 372; — the younger, shares in the Al espouses Maria Theresa's cause, gerian expedition, 73 378; makes the treaty of Aix-la- Fuenterrabia, occupied by the Chapelle, 384 French, 51; siege of, 241; held George III, at war with Spain, by Orleans, 357 394; aids Portugal, ib.; makes Fuentes, Count de, 268 peace with Spain and France, Fuero, or For, town charter, 18, 19 395; vindicates his claim to the Fugger, House of, their dealings Falkland Isles, 401; at war with with Charles I, 87, 88 the colonies and France, 404; at tacked by Spain, 405; treats for Gaeta, 372 peace, 406; makes the treaty of Gages, Count de, 378, 379 Paris, 408 Galera, 155 Germania de Valencia, the, its ori Galicia, separate Audience of, 23; gin, etc. 43 represented in the Cortes, 81 Gerona, 279, 292, 306, 343 Galway, Lord, 331, 335~337 Gertruydenberg, Conference of, 340

Index. 443

Ghent, rebels, 72; crushed by Cateau Cambr&is, 123; advises Charles I, ib.; taken by Marl moderation, 125; chief adviser to borough, 338 the Duchess of Parma, 127; his Gibraltar, taken by Rooke, 330; recall demanded, 144, 145; vice held by England, 341, 344; ne roy of Naples, 163; recalled to gotiations concerning, 358, 367, govern Spain, ib.; dies, 169 406; besieged in 1727, 366; be Granvelle (Champigny), brother of sieged by Montemar, 375; block the Cardinal, at one with Orange, aded by Spain, in 1779, 405; re 164 lieved by Rodney, 406; block Gravelines, battle of, 123; taken aded in 1782, 407; relieved by by Conde, 276; by the English, Howe, ib. 278 Giron, Pedro de, 35; supersedes Gregory XIII, and Carranza, 130; Juan de Padilla, 40; is suspected urges Philip to invade England, of treason and withdraws, ib. 164; quarrels with him, 172, 173 Giudice, Cardinal, 347, 350 Grenada (West Indies), captured by Goletta, siege of, 69, 70 England, 395 Gomez, Ruy, 114; leader of the Grey, Lord, loses Guisnes, 123 peace party, 121; desires to get Grimaldo, Marquis of, minister of rid of Alba, ib.; governor to Don Philip V, 340, 347, 359, 360, Carlos, 148; his views on Flan 361, 366 ders, 149; protests against the — Marquis of, ambassador, ne oppression of the Moors, 153; gotiates the 'Family Compact,' his party paramount, 160; dies, 394; minister, 396; ambassador 163 at Rome, 404 Gondomar, D. S. de Acufia, Count Guadalajara, revolts, 35 de, ambassador to James I, 229; Guadalcanal, mines of, 87 procures Raleigh's execution, ib. Guastalla, Don Philip, Duke of, Gonzaga, Ferrante, sails in the ex 384 pedition against Algiers, 73; go Guasto, Marquis del, governor of vernor of Milan, 95; his plots and Milan, 74, 95 plans, 96 Guayaquil, Dutch expelled from, Grammont, Duke de, ambassador 233 at Madrid, 330; recalled, 331 Guelders, Duchy of, confiscated by Granada, conquest of, 1-6, 15, Charles the Bold, 46; reverts to 17 j represented in the Castilian Charles I, 72; occupied by the Cortes, 20; Chancery, 23; mainly Duke of Cleves, ib.; annexed by loyal in the revolt of the Com Charles^.74; ceded to Prussia, 344 munes, 39; Charles I visits, 77; — Duke of, dispossessed by Charles the Moors buy exemption from the Bold, 46; attacks the Nether the Inquisition, 78; cloth trade lands, 49; abandoned by Francis in, 84; revolt in, 153; Don Juan 1| 55> °3> rnakes a convention sent to, 154; Moors expelled with Charles, 72 from, ib.; unable to pay taxes, Guevara, Antonio de, sues for par 157 don, 42 Granvelle, Nicholas de, minister of Guicciardini, Francis, his opinion Charles I, 66 of Ferdinand of Aragon, 10 Granvelle, Cardinal, corresponds Guise, House of, paramount in with Alba, no; in the Nether France, 132; its policy, 166, 173, lands, 118; represents Philip at 174

444 Index. Guise, Francis, Duke of, in Italy, Henry III of France, childless, 185; 121; takes Calais, 122 murders the Guises, 186; aided — Henry, Duke of, aims at the by Navarre and the Huguenots, crown, 174; in Philip's pay, ib., 187; murdered, ib. 175, 186; murdered, 186 Henry IV of France, 185 ; excom — Henry II, Duke of, at Naples, municated by Sixtus V, 186; 274 aids Henry III, 187; proclaims Guisnes, taken by the French, himself King, ib. ; defeats Ma 123 yenne, wins Ivry, and invests Gustavus Adolphus, at Liitzen, 238 Paris, 188; repulses Farnese, 189; becomes a Catholic, 190; Habana, taken by England, and re enters Paris and makes peace with stored, 395 Spain, ib.; forms an anti-Spanish Haddock, Admiral, 377 league, 215; assassinated, 216 Hainault, Calvinism in, 144 Henry IV of Castile, 2 Hal, fall of, 308 Henry VII of England, 8 Hanover, treaty of, 365 Henry VIII of England, marries Hapsburg, Austrian House of, 7, Catherine of Aragon, 4, 9; at 9, 198 tacks France, 8; visited by Charles Harcourt, Count de, 240, 250, 267, I» 34> 48'; lends him money, 47 ; 34* his power and wealth, 48, 51 ; — Duke of, ambassador at Madrid, attempts mediation, 51 ; openly 312, 319 joins Charles, ib. ; invades Pi- Hardy, Admiral, 405 cardy, 51, 75, 97; Protector of Haro, Don Luis de, favourite of the Holy League, 58; his divorce, Philip IV, 266; defeated at Elvas, 60; demands Clement's release, 280; dies, 281 ib.; makes peace, 63; excom Harrington, see Stanhope municated by Clement VII, 66 Harris, see Malmesbury Henry, Cardinal, King of Portugal, Hassan, son of Barbarossa, 74 167; dies, ib. Heidelberg, League of, 94; capture Hermandad, the, 12, 13, 23, 24, 27 of, 230 Hesse, Philip, Landgrave of, re Henrietta Maria, marries Charles I, stores Duke Ulrich to Wiirtem- 232 berg, 67; captured at Muhlberg, Henry II of France, marries Cathe 92; imprisoned, 93 rine de' Medici, 66; becomes Hesse-Darmstadt, Prince of, 311, Dauphin, 72; allied with Maurice 3^» 3*5. 328, 330, 331, 332 of Saxony, 92; seizes the Three Hinojosa, Marquis of, Viceroy of Bishoprics, ib.; aids Fieschi, 96; Milan, defeats Savoy, 217; in overruns Roussillon and besieges Spain, 262 Perpignan, 103; makes the Treaty Hochstadt, battle of, 328 of Vaucelles, 119; breaks it, 120, Holland, Lutherans in, 145; resists 121; intrigues against Mary Tudor, Alba and Requesens, 160; revo 121; at war with England, ib.; lution in, 408; see United Pro defeated at St Quentin, 122; vinces acquires Calais and Guisnes, 122, Honnecourt, battle of, 267 123 ; defeated at Gravelines, ib. ; Hood, Admiral, 407 signs the treaty of Cateau Cam- l'H6pital, Marshal, 267, 268 bresis, 124; dreads the reformers, Horn, Count, demands Granvelle's 123, 125; killed, 126 recall, 144; executed, 158

Index, 445 Hospitallers, the Knights, expelled its abolition, 199; persecutes Por from Rhodes, 68; settled in tuguese Jews, 248; attacks the Tripoli and Malta, ib.; at the 1 Alumbrados,' ib.; under Charles invasion of Tunis, 69; lose II, 304, 315, 316; under Philip Tripoli, 137; besieged in Malta, V and Ferdinand VI, 391; under 139, 140; repel the Turks, 140 Charles III, 403 Howard, Lord, defeats Armada, 182 Interim, the, published, 92, 95 Howe, Lord, relieves Gibraltar, 407 Ireland, invaded with Philip's aid, Hozier, Admiral, blockades Porto 166; Spanish commissioners in, Bello, 366 203; del Aguila's invasion of, Hudson's Bay, 344 204 Huguenots, under Henry II, 123, Irun, fall of, 241 125; hate the Guises, 132 ; mas Isabella of Castile, marries Ferdi sacred by Alba, 160; support nand of Aragon, 1; aspires to Alencon's Flemish claims, 166; conquer Tlemcen, 10; her ac threatened by the treaty of Ne cession, 11; her position, 11, 12 ; mours, 186 her policy, ^2-15; her opinion of Humieres, Marshal, 306, 308 Aragon, 26; leaves the regency Huy, 311, 328 of Castile to Ferdinand, 31; en Hyeres, battle of, 379 courages foreign settlers, 87 Isabella of Portugal, marries Charles Idiaquez, Juan de, 169 I, 77; her conduct at Philip's '/« Cozna Domini9 the Bull, 173 birth, 101; her death, 103 Indulgences, Sale of, 24, 27, 37, Isabella, daughter of Ferdinand of 38, 135, 142, 161 Aragon, marries John II of Por Industry in Spain, growth of, 83- tugal, 9; and on his death his 6; depressed by taxation, 90; brother Emanuel, ib.; dies, ib. crushed, ib., 244, 271, 351; en Isabella, daughter of Philip II, couraged, 380-382; revived, 402, born, 150 ; intended for the Eng 409 lish Crown, 178; her Breton Infantry, Spanish, created by Gon claims, 186; proclaimed Queen salvo de Cordoba, 28; reputation of France, 188; proposed as bride of, 47, 267; at Ravenna, ib., 54; to Guise, 190; wife of Archduke at Pavia, 55; at Gavignana, 64; Albert and sovereign of the Ne at Rocroy, 268; the Dunes, 278 therlands, 194, 198; arrives in Ingolstadt, battle of, 238 Flanders, 202; dies, 238 Inquisition, the, its origin and cha — see 'Archdukes, the' racter, 16, 17; its value to the Italy, Charles VIII invades, 6; Crown, 18, 119; a source of Ferdinand of Aragon in, 6-9 ; revenue, 18, 27; extent of its Leo X's position in, 48; hostilities popularity, 18; slighted by Philip of 1521-5 in, 49-54; hatred of I, 32; supported by Charles the Spanish in, 55, 56; league I in Valencia, 77; Philip II's to secure liberty for, 56-57 ; attitude towards, 119, 128, 142; French expelled from, 62; Charles its treatment of Carmnza, 129; in, 64; changed state of, 65 ; resisted in Naples, 139, 140; Charles' settlement of, 97, 108, regulated by the Cortes of Aragon, 113; Philip II's position in, 120, 141; at the Council of Trent, 121 ; Henry IV's schemes in, 142 ; and Pius V, 161; imprisons 215; Philip Ill's wars in, 217- Perez, 192; the Aragonese desire 218; Philip IV's wars in, 233,

446 Index. 237, 241, 250, 272-274; Philip V for Philip's marriage with his visits, 324; his wars in, 333; sister, 114 Charles Emmanuel's wars in, 378- John IV of Portugal, his marriage, 38i> 384 252, 253; proclaimed King, 254; Ivry, battle of, 188 dies, 279 Joseph I, Emperor, 333, 338, 343 Jamaica, conquered by England, Joseph II, Emperor, 401 277; contraband trade of, 374; Joseph Emmanuel, King of Portugal, expedition against, 407 394' 404 James IV of Scotland, 8 Juan, Infante, marries Margaret of James I of England, attempts to con Austria, 7,9; dies, 9; pretended vert, 175; disinherited by Mary, son of, 44 ' 179; King of England, 205; Juan of Austria, Don, brought up makes peace with Spain, 206; in Gomez's tenets, 154; expels exposes the treachery of the Valen the Moors from Granada and cian Moors, 2TI ; joins Henry Andalucia, ib. 155; takes Galera, IV's anti-Spanish league, 215; 155; defeated at Seron, ib.; ad mediates between Savoy and vises a compromise, ib. ; wins Spain, 217 ; sacrifices Raleigh, Lepanto, 162, 163; captures 229; his policy as to the Pala Tunis and refuses to dismantle tinate, 229-231 it, 163; wins over Escobedo, James II of England, joins the ib.; visits Madrid, 164; be League of Augsburg, 307; de trayed by Perez, ib., 191; arrives feated at the Boyne, 308 in the Netherlands, 165; sends James Stuart, the Pretender, 322, Escobedo to Spain, ib. 5 breaks 355, 359 with the States and occupies Jativa, a centre of revolution, 43 Namur, ib. ; wins Gemblours, Javennes, battle of, 237 166; dies, ib. Jemmingen, battle of, 159 Juan Jose of Austria, Don, General- Jesuits, expelled from Spain and in-Chief of Spain, 269; his birth her colonies, 399-400; suppressed and character,^.; recovers Naples by Clement XIV, 401 for Spain, 274; governor of Flan Jews in Spain, their power, wealth, ders, 276; defeats Turenne, ib.; and position, 16, 17; persecuted defeated at Dunkirk, 278; block by the Inquisition, ib., 248 ades Barcelona, 279 ; invades Jimenez, Cardinal, undertakes the Portugal, 281; beaten at Amegial, conquest of North Africa, 10; on 282; superseded, ib.; flees from the conversion of Granada, 17; arrest, 289; secures Nithard's dis hates the Cortes, 21; regent of missal, ib.; Viceroy of Aragon, Spain, 35; proclaims Charles, 33; 290; procures his own recall, dismissed, ib.; dies, ib. 296; defeated by Mariana, ib.; John, Don, of Portugal, marries plots against her, 297; at the Juana, 127; dies, ib. \ head of affairs, 298; arranges the John, Don, of Austria, see Juan King's marriage, 299 ; dies, 300 John II of Aragon, 4 Juana, daughter of Ferdinand of John II of Portugal, marries the Aragon, marries Philip I, 9, 31 ; Infanta Isabella, 9; dies, ib. mentally deranged, 31; lands John III of Portugal, marries Cather in Spain, ib.; kept in confine ine, sister of Charles I, 104; lends ment by Philip, ib. ; succeeds Philip II money, 108; negotiates jointly with Charles, 32; refuses

Index, 447 to join the Santa Junta, 36; re of Heidelberg, 94; of Venice, covered by the royalists, 40 6, 9 Juana, sister of Philip II, marries Leake, Admiral, captures Sardinia, Don John of Portugal, 127; regent 337 of Spain, ib.; imprisons the bearers Lede, Marquis of, 354 of Papal Bulls, 128 Leganes, Marquis of, 241, 250, Julius III, Pope, 96 261, 263, 313 Junta, Santa, at Avila, 36 Leghorn, 96 Junta, Supreme, of the Hermandad, Lemos, Count de, 220 12; abolished, 13 Lennox, Earl of, intrigues with Jurats, the, in towns, 19, 20 Philip, 174; flees, 175 Juros, mortgages on land or taxes, Leo X, holds the balance in Italy, 26 48; declares his alliance with Justice, administration of, in Castile, Charles I, 49; dies, 50 23; in Aragon, 25 Leopold I, Emperor, governor of Justicia, the, of Aragon, his Flanders, 270; defeated at Lens, position and functions, 25, 82 ib.; and at Arras, 276; resigns, Justin of Nassau, 182 ib.; joins the League of Augsburg Juvara, Abbe, 373 (as Emperor), 307 ; claims Spain for his son, 312 ; resents the first Keene, Sir Benjamin, ambassador Partition Treaty, 314; protests at Madrid, 386, 387, 388 against the second, 316; declares Kheir-ed-din, see Barbarossa war on Louis XIV on Philip V's Kinsale, beleaguered by Mountjoy, accession, 322; joins William 204 Ill's last league, 325 ; his diffi Konigsegg, Marshal, 366, 367 culties, 328 Lepanto, battle of, 162 La Chapelle, captured, 240 Lerida, 269, 270, 342 ' Ladies' Peace, the,' 63 Lerma, Duke of, favourite of Philip La Force, Marshal, 237 III, 198; his extravagance, 199; Landau, battle of, 344; ceded to transfers the capital to Valladolid France, ib. and back, 200, 209; his dealings Landrecy, 240, 276 with the currency, 200, 201; pro Landriano, battle of, 62 motes the invasion of Ireland, Langara, Admiral, 406 204; his corruption, 208; per Lannoy, Viceroy of Naples, 56, 57, secutes the Moriscos, 210, 211, 59' 60 212; attacks on, 214, 219; dis Las Casas, Bartolomeo de, 37 missed, 220; promotes Olivares, Laso, Pedro, 40 224; tries to kill him, ib. Lautrec, Marshal, 50, 60, 62 Lesdiguieres, Constable, commands La Valette, Cardinal de, reduces Henry IV's army, 216; aids Landrecies and La Chapelle, 240; Savoy, 217 dies, 250 Leyva, Antonio de, 29, 47 ; defends — Duke de, 241 Pavia, 54; wins Landriano, 62 ; — Parisot de, Grand-master of the dies, 71 Knights of St John, 139, 140 Lichtenstein, Prince of, wins Pia League, the Holy, opposes Henry cenza, 380 HI and Henry IV, 187 Lille, fall of, 338 Leagues, of Amiens, 92; of Augs Limburg, fall of, 328 burg, 307; of Cognac, 57, 92; Lindsay, Earl of, 236

448 Index.

Lionne, Hugues de, 278 wins Neerwinden, but loses Lippe, Count, 394, 395 Namur, 311; makes peace with Lisbon, English expedition against, Savoy, ib.; takes Barcelona, ib.; 184, 185 concludes the Treaty of Ryswick, Literature in Spain, 247, 248 ib.; claims the Spanish Crown, Lobkowitz, in Italy, 379 312; makes the first Partition Lodi, 53 Treaty, 314; makes the second, Lombardy, French expelled from, 316; accepts Charles IPs will, 7, 8, 49; Charles I.'s success in, 318; his opinion of Spain, 320 ; 51; Imperialist plots in, 96; recognises the Old Pretender, Charles VI expelled from, 372 322; makes the Princess of Longueville, Duke of, 241 Ursinos adviser to Marie Louise, Lorraine, assigned to Stanislaus, 323; proposes the cession of with reversion to France, 372 Flanders to France, ib.; out — Cardinal of, represents Henry witted by Ursinos, 327 ; asks for II at Cateau Cambresis, 123 peace, 328; feigns abandonment — Charles, Duke of, defeated at of Spain, 340; his offers at Ger- Courtrai, 270; imprisoned at truydenberg, ib.; makes the Toledo, 275 Treaties of Utrecht and Rastadt, Louis XI has a mortgage on Rous 344; dies, 350 sillon and Cerdagne, 2; his saying Louis XV, his accession, 350; be about France, 47 trothed to the Infanta, 358; Louis XII, 7-9 breaks off the Spanish matches, Louis XIII, betrothed to the In 364 ; signs the treaty of Hanover, fanta Anna, 216, 217; quarrels 365 ; signs the treaty of Seville, with Philip IV, 232; at war 367; freed from tutelage by with Charles II, 235; accepts Fleury's death, 378; signs the the Crown of Catalonia, 261; treaty of Fontainebleau, 379; sends an army to Spain, 262; treats with Charles Emmanuel, dies, 266 381; negotiates with Philip V, Louis XIV, accession of, 266; 381; makes the treaty of Aix-la- marries Maria Theresa, 281 ; Chapelle, 384; at war with Eng claims the Netherlands and in land, 389; takes Minorca, 390; vades Flanders, 287; makes the offers Minorca to Ferdinand VI treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, 288; and Poland to Don Philip, ib.; tries to gain Mariana, 290; allied signs the 'Family Compact,' 394; with Charles II, 291; in Flanders, makes peace with England, 395 ; 292 ; aids the Sicilian rebels, ib.; dies, 404 makes peace with Orange, 293; Louis XVI, recognises the United makes the Peace of Nimeguen, States, 404 ; at war with Eng 294; marries his niece to Charles II land, 405 of Spain, 300; his advice to her, Louis, Prince, of Portugal, takes 303; seizes Strasburg, 305; claims part in the invasion of Tunis, 69 Alost, ib.; invades Catalonia, Louise of Savoy, Queen-Mother of bombards Genoa, and captures France, affects a general peace, Luxemburg, 306; his gains by 63 the Treaty of Ratisbon, ib.; in Louise Elizabeth of Orleans, vades the Empire, 307; supports marries Luis, Prince of Asturias, James II, 308; takes Mons, ib.; 358; her conduct, 362; sent captures Spanish towns, 309; back to France, 363

Index. 449 Louisiana, ceded by France to Mannheim, siege of, 230 Spain, 395, 400 Manoel, King of Portugal, marries Lucca helps Philip IV against Leonora, sister of Charles I, France, 232 113; dies, ib,; his descendants, Lucena, secretary of John IV of 167 Portugal, 256 Mansfield, Count, defeated by Wal- Luis of Spain, son of Philip V, 355; lenstein, 235 marries Louise Elizabeth of Manuel, Juan, ambassador at Rome, Orleans, 358; succeeds on Philip's 10, 47, 50 abdication, 360; dies, 362 Mantua, house of, 96; Philip II in, Luis, Archbishop of Toledo, son of 112; disputed succession to, 236; Philip V, 383, 392 taken by the Imperialists, 237; Luther, Martin, condemned at taken by Don Philip, 380 Worms, 49 — Duke of, 65 Ltttzen, battle of, 238 — Margaret, Duchess of, regent Luxemburg, conquered by Louis of Portugal, 251; warns Olivares XIV, 306; restored at Ryswick, of Braganza's plans, 253; arrested 311 ; offered to Holland, 340 and forced to yield the citadel to — Duke of, 308, 311 Braganza, 254 Luzzara, battle of, 324 Marck, Robert de la, threatens Lyons, peace of, 215 Luxemburg and Namur, 46; at tacks the Netherlands, 49; aban Macanaz, 350 doned by Francis I, 63 Machiavelli, Nicol6, his opinion of Margaret of Austria, sister of Philip Ferdinand of Aragon, 10 I, marries the Infante Juan, 9; Madrid, rising in, 35; capital re Regent of the Netherlands, 63; moved from, 200; capital restored converts the truce with England to, 209; state of, under Philip IV, into a general peace, ib,; death 246 ; population of, 297 ; devoted of, 66 to Philip V, 335-342; Charles Margaret.bastard daughter of Charles Ill's improvements in, 393; re I, marries Alessandro de' Medici, volts against his regulation of 63; see also Parma dress, 397 Margaret, daughter of Maximilian — treaty of, 55 11, marries Philip III, 198; dies, Maggiali, Father, 352 216 Mahony, Count, 336 Margaret Tudor, Duchess of, 8 Maillebois, Marshal, 383 Margaret Valois, intended by her Maintenon, Madame de, 322 mother for Don Carlos, 147 Majorca, war of classes in, 44 Maria, daughter of Charles I, mar Malladas, 288 ries Maximilian II, 108; co-regent Malmesbury, Harris, Lord, 401 of Spain, in Malplaquet, battle of, 339 Maria of Portugal, marries Philip Malta, Hospitallers settled in, 68; II, 104, 106; dies, 108 siege of, 139, 140 Maria, Queen of Portugal, 404 — Knights of, see Hospitallers Maria Luisa, of Parma, marries Man, Dr, ambassador at Madrid, Charles IV, 404 156 Maria Theresa, daughter of Philip Mancera, Count, 331 IV; 269; marries Louis XIV, Manifestation, privilege of, 82 281; renounces her claim to Spain, Manila, taken by England, 395 280, 287, 312

H. S. 29

4$6 Index. Maria Theresa, Empress, 365; her lands, 66; concludes a truce with succession conditionally guaran France in 1537, 71 teed, 368; her accession, 376; Mary de' Medici, Queen Regent of signs the treaty of Worms, 379; France, adheres to Spain, 216; accepts the treaty of Aix-la- effects a double marriage with the Chapelle, 384; guarantees Italian Spanish house, ib.; overthrown, neutrality, 386 229 Mariana of Austria, marries Philip Mary Tudor, schemes of marriage IV, 270; intrigues with Father for, 48; Charles I's attitude to Nithard against Don Juan, 282, wards, 75 ; marries Philip II, 94, 283; regent of Spain, 284; makes 98, 115; enters London, 115; Nithard Inquisitor-General, 285 ; childless, 116; parts from Philip, forced to dismiss him, 289; at 117; declares war on France, war with France, 289-293 ; ac 121; dies, 123 cepts the Peace of Nimeguen, 294; Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots, Dau- her relations with Valenzuela, phiness, 125; Philip IPs attitude 295; outwits Don Juan, 296; towards,173; Queen of France, driven from power, 298; recalled 132; proposed as a wife for Don by her son, 300; her treatment Carlos, 148; marries Darnley, ib.; of Marie Louise, 301, 302, 307; imprisoned, 158; Don Juan pro her policy, 308, 309; dies, 312 poses to marry, 163; throws her Marie Louise of France, marries self into Philip's hands, 174; dis Philip, son of Philip V, 374 inherits James and makes Philip Marie Louise of Orleans, marries her heir, 179; implicated in Bab- Charles II of Spain, 300-301; ington's plot, ib. her conduct, 302, 307; conspiracy Mary Stuart, daughter of James II, against, 303 ; death of, ib., 307 marries Orange, 293 Marie Louise of Savoy, marries Mary Anne of Neuburg, marries Philip V, 321; her government, Charles II of Spain, 308; secures 323; rouses Andalucia to arms, Oropesa's fail, 309; greed of, 310; 326; overcomes Louis XIV's op her policy, 312-314; struggles position, 331; dies, 347 with Diaz and the Inquisition, Marignano, battle of, 8, 45, 47, 315, 316; sent to Toledo, 319; 64 to Bayonne, 336 Marlborough, Duke of, on the Rhine, Masaniello (Tommaso Aniello), 273, 325; conquers Cologne, 328; wins 274 Schellenberg and Blenheim, 329 ; Mascarenhas, Leonor de, educates wins Ramillies, 333; in the Nether Philip II, 102 lands, 337; wins Oudenarde, 338; Massa, Prince of, 274 takes Bruges, Ghent, and Lille, Matilla, Father, 309, 313, 314 ib.; wins Malplaquet, 339; takes Matthews, Admiral, 379 Bouchain, 344; recalled, ib. Maurice of Nassau, joined by the Marseilles, its value to France, 52; Protestant princes, 203; besieges attacked by Charles, 53 Nieuport and defeats Archduke Marsin, Marshal, ambassador at Albert, ib.; takes Sluys, 206; Madrid, 320, 323, 333 concludes the 12 years' truce with Martin, Commodore, 378 Spain, 207, 208 Martinique, taken by England, 395 Maurice of Saxony, makes a treaty Mary, Queen of Hungary, sister of with Henry II, 92; drives Charles Charles I, Regent of the Nether I from Innsbruck, ib.

Index. 451 Maximilian I, Emperor, 7, 8; pro Mello, Don Francisco de, Governor posed as regent of Castile, 32; his of Flanders, wins Honnecourt, hostility to France, 45 267; defeated at Rocroy, 268 Maximilian II, Emperor, resents Mendoza, Bernardino de, Philip's Charles Fs settlement of the suc ambassador at Paris, 178, 179 cession, 94; marries his daughter — Diego de, Viceroy of Valencia, Maria, 108; Charles guarantees 43; leads the Spanish bishops at his succession, ib.; co-regent of Trent, 94 Spain, in — Inquisitor-General, 317, 322 Mayenne, Due de, heads the League, — Juan de (Marquis de Guade- 187; proclaims the Cardinal de lete), occupies Cleves and West Bourbon, ib.; defeated by Henry phalia, 203 IV, 188; quarrels with Farnese, Mercceur, Due de, opposes Henry ib.; hates the Spaniards, 189; IV in Brittany, 189 opposes the marriage of Guise and Mers-el-Kebir, besieged by the Isabel of Spain, 190; proxy for Turks, 138 Louis XIII, 216 Messina, taken by the Austrians, Mazarin, Cardinal, abandons Guise 354, 355; siege of, 372 in Naples, 274; Peace of Minister Mesta, the, 84 a blow to, 275; struggles with the Metz, taken by Henry II, 92; be Parliament of Paris, ib.; treats sieged by Charles I, ib. with Spain, 277 Mexico, conquest of, 90, 91; at Medici, Alessandro de\ marries tacked by Cromwell, 277 Margaret, daughter of Charles I, Miguel of Portugal, heir to Spain 63; restored to Florence by Charles and Portugal, 9; dies, ib. I, ib., 64; murdered, 96 Milan, Duchy of, occupied by Louis — Cardinal, see Clement VII XII, 7-9; held by Francis I, — Catherine de', see Catherine 46; hatred of the French in, 46, — Cosimo de', Duke of Florence, 50; Parma and Piacenza detached 71, 96; forces the French in from, 49, 50; occupied by Francis Siena to capitulate, 97 1> 53 > joins the Italian league, — Mary de', see Mary 56; Francesco Sforza besieged by Medina del Campo, burnt, 36; mart Charles' troops in, 58; he is in of the woollen trade, 83 vested by Charles, 64 ; reverts to Medina Celi, Viceroy of Sicily, 137; Charles on his death, 70, 71; commands the expedition to Tri Charles' proposals regarding, 72, poli, ib.; flees, 138 75; conferred on Philip II, 72, Medina Celi, Duke of, prime minister 97, 118; lost to Philip V, 336; of Spain, 302, 304, 305, 307 ; re retained by Austria at Rastadt, monstrates against French in 344; captured by Don Philip, fluence, 333; in power, 340; dies 380 in prison, 341 Millan, Don Francisco, 234 Medina Sidonia, Duke of, com Millions (tax), 135, 179, 245, 271, mands the Armada, 180-183 35i. 381, 388, 409 Gaspar, Duke of, plots Mina, Marquis de la, commands in against Philip IV, 255 Italy, 383 Meilleraie, Marshal, 262 Minas, Marquis de las, 329, 335, Melgar, Count de, a traitor to Philip 337 V, 3^5 Minorca, overrun by the Turks, Melilla, 5, 403 137 ; ceded to England, 344 ;

29—2

45-2 Index. taken by Richelieu, 390; offered 122; represents Henry II at to Ferdinand VI, ib.; ceded to Cateau Cambresis, 123 England, 395; captured by Spain, Montmorenci, Florence de, see 497 Montigny Mirandola, French protectorate of, — Marshal, 237 71; anti-Spanish intrigues in, 74 Monzon, Philip II at, 103; seized Mississippi, the, Soto's expedition to, by the French, 263; recaptured 90, 91 by Philip IV, 269 Mobile, capture of, 406 Moors, in Spain and Africa, 3, 4; Modena, held by the Duke of Fer expelled from Andalucia, 155, rara, 62; helps Philip IV against 213; from Aragon, Murcia, Cata Richelieu, 232 lonia, Castile, La Mancha, and Mollwitz, battle of, 377 Estremadura, 213 Moluccas, the, spice trade with, — of Granada, religious liberty 88; sold to Portugal, ib., 89 guaranteed to, 17; enforced con Moncada, Hugo de, 10; envoy at version of, ib.; buy exemption Rome, 59; surprises the Vatican, from the Inquisition, 77; ex ib.; Viceroy of Naples, 60; fights pelled, 154 the Genoese, 61; his death, ib.; — of Valencia, defend the nobles, attacks Algiers, 68 44; their enforced conversion,

Mondejar, Marquis of, governor of ib.9 46, 77; they rebel and are Granada, protests against the per crushed, 78; their thrift and in secution of the Moors, 153; de dustry, 152, 210; Espinosa's per feats the rebels, ib.; complaints secution of, 153; revolt, 153, 154; of his moderation, 154 intrigue with Elizabeth and the Monjuich, Fort, 260, 332 Swiss, 211; persecuted by Ribera, Moris, taken by Louis XIV, 308; ib.; expelled from Spain, 211-213 restored at Ryswick, 311; taken Mora, Cristobal de, 169, 197 by the allies, 339 Morone, Secretary, intrigues against Montalto, Duke of, 317, 331 Charles I in Italy, 57 Montalvan, Fort of, 330 Mortara, General, captures Tortosa Montellano, Count, 327 and Barcelona, 279 Montemar, Duke de, 375; invades Motte, Count de la, invades Cata Italy, 377 ; retires before Charles lonia, 261; captures a Spanish Emmanuel, 378 force, 262; defeats Leganes, 263 Monterey, Count, 313, 331 Mountjoy, Lord, Viceroy of Ireland, Mpntesclaros, battle of, 282 defeats Tyrone and the Spaniards, Montferrat, overrun by France, 204 232; recovered, ib.; seized by Muhlberg, battle of, 92, 93 Charles Emmanuel of Savoy, 217; Muley Hassan, driven from Tunis, assigned to Savoy, 328 and restored, 68-70 Montgon, Abbe, 367 Muniain, General, 398 Montigny, Florence de Montmo- Miinster, Peace of, 275 renci, lord of, sent to Madrid by Murcia, Moors expelled from, 213 the Flemings, 147, 158 Murray, General, defends St Philip, Montmedy, capture of, 278 Minorca, 407 Montmorenci, House of, jealous of Musquiz, 398 the Guises, 132 — Constable de, defeated and Namur, taken by William III, 311; taken prisoner at St Quentin, offered to Holland, 340

Index. 453 Naples, taken by Alfonso of Ara of, 126; hate Granvelle, 127, 143; gon, 4; claimed by the House troops withdrawn from, 143; re of Anjou, 6; taken by Charles ligious troubles in, 144; emigra VIII, ib.; divided by Ferdinand tion to England from, 145; the and Louis XII, ib.; Ferdinand Iconoclasts in, 146; peace re obtains the whole of,*#.,45; heavy stored in, ib; Philip determines taxation of, 27; Charles I holds, to visit, 147; Alba in, 158; 46; Pescara proposed as king of, Alba's tyranny in, 159; resist the 57; the French besiege, 62; con Alcabala,ib.\ Alba recalled from, ferred on Philip II, 118; dreads 160; Don Juan sent to, 164; the Inquisition, 139; extortion ' Spanish Fury,' ib.; Don Juan and chronic revolt in, 171; re breaks with, 165; Farnese sent volts, 273; Guise claims the* to conquer, ib.; Alencon crowned Crown of, 274; recovered by Don sovereign of, 171; left by Philip Juan, ib,; revolts against Philip to the Archdukes Albert and V, 322, 324; accepts Charles Isabel, 194; Maurice in, 203; VI, 336; retained by Austria at the 12 years' truce of 1609, 208 Rastadt, 344; Charles HI king — see Flanders and United Pro of, 372; Ferdinand king of, 392, vinces 410 Nevers, Due de, claims Mantua, Navarre, 2, 7, 45; French invasion 236; receives it at the Peace of of, 49-52; proposed settlement Casale, 237 of, 72; supports Philip V, 335, Newfoundland, ceded to England, 336 344; fishing in, 395 Navarro, Pedro, 28, 29 Nice, truce of, 71 Navy, Spanish, strengthened by Nicosia, captured by the Turks, 161 Olivares, 243; re-created by En Nieuport, besieged by Maurice of senada, 385, 390, 391; under Nassau, 203; offered to Holland, Charles III, 403 340 Neerwinden, battle of, 311 Nimeguen, peace of, 294 Nemours, treaty of, 186 Nithard, Father, 283-288, 285; Netherlands, relations with France, forced to leave Spain, 289, 295 45; power of England over, 47; Nivernais, Duke de, 395 attacked by Robert de la Marck Noailles, Francois de, 121 and the Duke of Guelders, 49; — Marshal (Due de), in Cata Margaret Regent of, 63; truce lonia, 292, 309, 311; attacks with England, ib.; Mary, Queen Barcelona, 334; in Roussillon, of Hungary, Regent of, 66; truce 341; takes Gerona, 343 with France, ib., 71; proposed Nobles, Spanish, their position and union with Franche Comte, 72; influence, 13, 14, 15, 20, 22, 31, their treatment at Crespy, 75, 32, 35» 38, 4*, 61, 79, 80, 82, 134, 109; relations with. England, 97, 135 98, 107, 115; attached to the Nordlingen, battle of, 238 Spanish Crown, 108; Charles' Norfolk, Duke of, plots to marry plans regarding, 109; conferred Mary Stuart, 158 on Philip II, 118; Charles takes Norris, Sir John, 185 leave of, ib.; Philip's ecclesiastical North, Lord, 406 measures in, 126; petition for the Northumberland, Duke of, 115 withdrawal of the Spanish troops, Noyon, treaty of, 45 ib.; the Duchess of Parma Regent Nuremberg, Compromise of, 66

454 Index. O'Donnell, rebels in Ireland, 204; General, 144; Philip tries to win, dies in Spain, 205 146; embraces Protestantism and Olavide, Count de, 403 sides with the rebels, ib.; raises Oleron, fortress of, 236 troops in Cxermany, ib.; escapes Olivares, Count de, Spanish ambas Alba's trap in 1567, 158; joined sador at Rome, 177; negotiates by the Catholic Flemings, 164, for financial aid from Sixtus V, 178 Orange, William III, Prince of, see — Gaspar de Guzman, Count de, William III of England plots against Lerma, 220; de Orders, Military, Ferdinand made clines the Roman embassy, 224; Grandmaster of, 14; Council of, attempts to murder, ib.; controls 24; their revenues farmed by the Philip IV, 225; obtains Lerma's Fuggers, 87 dismissal, ib.; made a duke, 226; O'Reilly, Count, in Portugal, 394; his measures, 227, 228; and the invades Algiers, 403; defeated, marriage of Charles Stuart, 230; 404 quarrels with Buckingham, 231; Orendain, Don Juan, 360, 366, 367 projects of, 232; overawes the Va Orleans, Gaston, Duke of, wins lencian Cortes, 235; treats with Courtrai, 270 England, 236; and the navy, 243; — Philip, Duke of, defeated at his economic measures, 245; his Turin, 333; regent for Louis method of government, 249; his XV, 350; rejects Alberoni's over Portuguese policy, 251, 252; sus tures, 353; declares war on Spain, pects Braganza, 252; tries to 355; delays to surrender Fuenter- have him murdered, 255; causes rabia, 357; dies, 359 Lucena's death, 256; his policy Ormond, Duke of, 325,.344, 375 in Catalonia, 257, 259; relieves Oropesa, Count de, his reforms, Tarragona, 261; opposes Philip's 307; falls, 309; recalled, 312 ; taking the field, 262; intrigues supports the claims of Joseph of with Cinq Mars, 263; dismissed, Bavaria, 314; exiled, 315 ib.; his policy, 264 Orry, Jean, reorganises Spanish fi Omoa, Fort, 406 nance, 321, 328; dismissed, 330; Ofiate, Viceroy of Naples, 274 reinstated, 331; supreme, 348; Oran, 10, 67, 337, 370, 406 driven from Spain, 350 Orange, Henry Frederic, Prince of, Osnabruck, negotiations at, 275 allied with Richelieu, 239; be Osorio, Dofia Isabel de, her con sieges Breda, 240 nection with Philip II, 113, 115 — Philibert, Prince of, one of Ostend, negotiations at, 180; sieges Charles I's generals, 60; forces of, 205, 206, 333 the French to capitulate at Aver- -— Company of the Indies, 365, sa, 62; requests Charles to come 367. 368 to Italy, 64 Osuna, P. T. de Giron, Duke of, — William I, Prince of, with Viceroy of Naples, 218; falls and Charles at Brussels, 118; repre dies, 225 sents Philip at Cateau Cambresis, — Duke of, invades Portugal, 281 123; petitions for the withdrawal of Oudenarde, capture of, 278; battle the Spanish troops in the Nether o/, 338 lands, 126; remonstrates against Oviedo, Mateo de, 203 Granvelle's conduct, 144; begs the Regent to summon the States- Pace, Richard, 54

Index. 455 Padilla, Juan de, insurgent leader, the conquest of Naples and Sicily, 35* 3^* 40, 41; defeated at Villa- 371; dies, 376; his naval and lar, 42 colonial policy, ib. — Don Martin, 202 Paul III, 67, 69, 7i> 92» 93. 95. 96> Palermo, revolt of, 273 104 Palisse, Jacques de la, 47 Paul IV (Caraffa), 92, 120, 121, 137 Pamplona, 341, 342 Pavia, occupied by the Imperialists, Panama, 374 53, 54; taken by Lautrec, 60 Papacy, the, its relations with Spain, — Peace of, 217 ; repudiated by I5» 16, 38, 61, 65, 93, 120, 128, Osuna and Toledo, 218 389 Pedernales, Juan Martinez, alias Paraguay, R., 404 Siliceo, tutor to Philip II, 103 Parana, R., 404 Pedro II of Portugal, joins the Pardo, convention of the, 374 league against Philip V, 327 Pardo, Governor of Habana, 395 Penn, William, 277 Paris, besieged by Henry III, 187; Pennington, Admiral, 243 besieged by Henry IV, 188; re Pefion, attacked by Algiers, 67; lieved by Farnese, ib.; entered taken by Barbarossa, 68; cap by Henry IV, 190 tured by Don Garcia, 139 — treaty of (1783), 407 Perez, Antonio, on Don Carlos' Parma, added to the Papal States death, 150; hates Alba, 160; by Charles I, 49, 50; held by the principal secretary to Philip, 163; French, 96; occupied by Philip proposes the mission to Escobedo, II, 120; joins Philip IV against ib.; leads the peace party, 164; France, 232; opposes Philip V, breaks with Don Juan, ib.; has 348; accepts Charles III, 368; Escobedo murdered, 166, 190, annexed to Milan, 372; Don 191; discovered by Philip II, Philip Duke of, 384 191; imprisoned and tortured, ib.; — Alexander Farnese, Duke of, flees to Aragon, 192; imprisoned see Farnese and escapes, ib.; dies, ib. — Antonio Farnese, Duke of, — Gonzalo, Secretary under marries his heiress to Philip V, Charles I, 82 348 ; his policy, 355, 358; dies, Perpignan, besieged by Henry II, 368 74, 103; repels the French, 262 — Margaret, Duchess of, daughter Perquisidores, 24 of Charles I, and Regent of the Perrenot, A. de, see Granvelle, Netherlands, 126; marries Ottavio Cardinal Farnese, 126 ; summons the Persia aids Philip III against Knights of the Golden Fleece, Turkey, 210 144; her rule, 144, 145; urges, Peru, trade with, 88; conquest of, gentle measures, 146; enters 90; Charles vindicates his au Antwerp in state, ib.; retires, 147; thority in, 91; anarchy in, 407 see also Margaret Pescara, Marquis of, as a general, 47, 50; quarrels with Bourbon, — Philip, Duke of, 384, 386, 53 ; relieves Pavia, 54; refuses 39o the crown of Naples, 57 ; betrays Parsons, Father, 175, 205 Morone, ib. Partition Treaties, 314-316 Peterborough, Earl of, lands in Pastrana, Duke of, 216 Portugal, 331 ; in Valencia, ib.; Patifio, Don Jose, 354, 366, 367 ; takes Barcelona, 332 advocates peace, 368; proposes

45<5 Index. Philip I, claims Castile, 7, 31; negotiations with Elizabeth, 124; marries Juana, 9; intrigues with signs the Peace of Cateau Cam Castilian nobles, 31; lands in bresis, ib.; his policy of alliance Spain, ib. ; keeps Juana in close with England, ib.; betroths Don confinement and rules alone, 31,32 Carlos to Elizabeth of France, Philip II, frequently calls the Cortes, 125; his attitude towards Eliza 21; his birth, 60, 101 ; Charles beth Tudor, 125, 173; his treat Fs plans for, 76, 94, no; Regent ment of Mary Stuart, 125, 158; of Spain, 93, 105, 108; marries marries Elizabeth Valois, 126, Mary Tudor, 94, 98; receives 131; his Flemish policy, 126,127; Siena and the Vicariate in Italy, and the Castilian Cortes, 128,157; 97, 108; Cortes of Castile swears his religious policy, 128; supports allegiance to, 102; his ancestry, the Inquisition, 129, 130, 141, ib.; his education, 102, 103; ac 142, 161 ; his system of govern companies Alba to Perpignan, ib.; ment, 134-137, 169; tries to plan for his marriage to Jeanne recover Tripoli, 137, 138 ; lays d'Albret, 72, 105 ; marries Maria siege to Malta, 139; quarrels of Portugal, 104, 106; Charles' with Pius IV, 142; and the instructions to, 105, 106; financial Council of Trent, 143; withdraws straits of, 106 ; loses his wife, ib.; his troops from the Netherlands, wins the affection of the Spaniards, ib.; recalls Granvelle, 145 ; allows ib*; his views on the Imperial suc the suppression of the Inquisition cession, 110; at the Cortes of Val- and forgives the confederates, 146; ladolid in 1548, ib.; his reforms, withdraws the permission, ib. ; in ; leaves Valladolid, 112; with sends Alba to the Netherlands, Charles in the Netherlands, 113; 147; imprisons Don Carlos, 149; negotiates for a Portuguese bride, loses his third wife, 150; sends Don ib.; his morganatic connection Juan to Granada, 154; his finan with Isabel de Osorio, ib., 115 ; cial straits, 155-158; expels the attends the Diet of Augsburg, English ambassador, 156; recalls ib.; summons Cortes, 114; pro Alba, 160; aids Venice against posed as Mary Tudor's husband, the Turks, 161; and Pius V, ib.; 115 ; lands at Southampton, 116; wins Lepanto, 162; orders Don his policy in England, ib.; keeps Juan to dismantle Tunis, 163 ; persecution in check, 117; leaves -sends Escobedo to him, ib.; England, ib.; King of Naples and orders him to the Netherlands, Sicily and Duke of Milan, sove 164; suspects him, ib., 191; reign of the Netherlands and King orders Escobedo's murder, 165, of Spain, 118; his character and 190, 191; sends Farnese to political position, 119; his view of Flanders, 165; aids the Irish the Papacy, 120; excommunicated rebels, 166, 173; intrigues with by Paul IV, ib.; his position in the Guises, 166, 173; claims the Italy, ib.; sends Alba thither, 121; Portuguese Crown, 167 ; loses his makes peace with the Pope, ib.; fourth wife, 168 ; accepted by the visits England, ib.; gains her Portuguese Cortes, ib.; builds support against France, ib.; re the Escorial, ib.; his * Council of turns to Brussels, 122; forbids Night,' 169; his court, 170; his Savoy to march on Paris, ib.; quarrel with the Papacy, 172; obtains an English fleet, 123; his expels the Nuncio, 173; plans financial straits, ib.; his marriage the invasion of England, 174-

Index. 457 177; aided by Sixtus V, 178; Catalonia, 258; takes the field intends Isabel to be Queen, ib.; himself, 262; dismisses Olivares, made heir by Mary Stuart, 179; id.; recaptures Monzon, 269; levies millions, id.; hears the fate loses his wife and son, id.; of the Armada, 184; his policy his licentiousness, id.; marries in France, 186, 188; claims the Mariana of Austria, 270; accepts Crown for Isabel, id.; proposes the Peace of Minister, 275 ; sup her marriage with Guise, 190; ports the Fronde, 276; friendly evacuates France, id.; imprisons to Cromwell, 277; signs the and tortures Perez, 191; punishes Treaty of the Pyrenees, 279; the Aragonese rebels, 192; his attempts to reconquer Portugal, last illness and death, 194; leaves 281; hears of Montesclaros, 282; the Netherlands to Isabel, id. his character, id.; dies, 283 Philip III, born, 168; his accession Philip V, claims the Crown, 314; and character, 197, 223; under appointed heir by Charles II, Lerma's influence, 198; marries 317, 318; proclaimed, 319; his Margaret of Austria, id.; asks reception in Spain, 319-321; the Cortes for money, 199; his marries, 321 ; in Italy, 323, 324 ; extravagance, id., 214; pardons agrees to cede Flanders to Louis, the rebels of Aragon, 199; 324; his melancholy, id., 359; lavishes titles and offices, id.; his his reforms, 327; reorganises the poverty, 201, 208; tries to in army, id.; invades Portugal, 329; vade England, 202 ; sends Aguila invokes Louis XIV's aid, 334; to Ireland, 204; makes terms flees from Barcelona, 335; re with the English Catholics, 205; enters Madrid, id.; abolishes makes peace with James I, 206; the privileges of Aragon, 337 ; makes a twelve years' truce with dismisses French officials, 339; the Dutch, 207, 208; his super protests against the proposals of stition, 208; expels the Moors, Gertruydenberg, 341; defeated at 212; at war with Savoy, 217;. Almansa and Almenara, 342 ; recalls Osuna, 218; aids Ferdi master of Spain, 343 ; accepts the nand II in the Thirty Years'War, treaties of Rastadt and Utrecht, 219; visits Portugal, 222; dies, 344; conquers Catalonia, 346; 220, 222 loses his wife, 347; introduces Philip IV, born, 216; betrothed to the Salic law, id.; marries Eliza Elizabeth of Bourbon, id.; mar beth Farnese, 348 ; makes a com ried, 217; becomes king, 225; mercial treaty with England, 352; ruled by Olivares, id.; cuts down at war with the Empire, 353 ; his expenses, 227; at war with takes Sardinia and Sicily, ib., Holland, 228, 233; signs the 354 ; expels Alberoni, 356; treaty for the English match, 231; makes peace, ceding Sardinia to at war with France, 232, 233; Savoy, 357; relieves Ceuta, ib.; crushes the Valencian Cortes, 234; aids the Pretender, 359; resigns, quarrels with the Catalonian 360; resumes the Crown, 362; Cortes, 235; makes peace with makes the treaty of Venice, 364; England, 236; at war with at war with England, 366; makes France, 237 ; makes his brother the treaty of Seville, 367 ; makes Ferdinand governor of Flanders, the treaty of Vienna, 1731, 368; 238; his pleasures, 248; loses allied with France, 371; aids Portugal, 254; quarters troops on Charles III in Italy, ib.; makes

458 Index.

the treaty of Vienna, 1736, 373; Portalegre, Fortress of, 330 an art collector, ib.; claims the Porter, Endymion, envoy to Spain, Empire, 377; invades Italy, 378; 230, 236 makes the treaty of Fontainebleau, Porto Bello, blockaded by Hozier, 379 ; dies, 381; his rule, 381-383 366; sacked by Vernon, 374 Philip, Don, son of Philip V, Portocarrero, Cardinal, heads the marries Marie Louise of France, French party in Spain, 312-317 ; 374; projected kingdom for, 377, his reforms, 319; truckles to 379; invades Italy and retreats, France, 320; refuses to call a 379» joins Gages and defeats new Cortes, ib.; retires, 327; dies, Charles Emmanuel, 380; Duke 340 of Parma, Piacenza, and Gua- Portugal, her relations with Castile, stalla, 384; makes a treaty with 2; her discoveries, 3; matrimonial Maria Theresa, 386; plots for the alliances with Spain, 9; supports Spanish Crown, 390 Isabella of Castile's rival, n; Philippine Islands, 5 buys the Moluccas, 89; disputed Piacenza, added to the Papal States, succession in, 167; invaded by 49, 50; occupied by Gonzaga, Alba, 168; Philip King of, ib.; 90; held by Philip II, 120; Don Don Antonio's party in, 171, 184 ; Philip, Duke of, 384 invaded by England, 184 ; Philip Piali Pasha, 137, 139 IPs policy in, 250; Olivares' Piedmont, the French occupy, 70; taxation of, 251 ; revolt in, 251- war in, 71; the French in, 120; 254; Braganza, King of, 253, 254; war in, 217 invaded by Haro, Don Juan, and Pirates, Moorish, 43, 73, 202, 208, Osuna, 280, 281; aided by Eng 233. 408 land, 281; civil strife in, 283; her Pitt, William, Earl of Chatham, 390 independence recognised, 285 ; Pius IV (Medici), his relations with invaded by Philip V, 329; nego Philip II, 139, 142 tiates for the exchange of Tuy Pius V, threatens Philip with ex and Sacramento, 387; invaded communication, 129; summons by Charles III, 394; attacks him to fight the Turk, 161; ac Buenos Ayres, 404; cedes Sacra cepts his conditions, ib. mento to Spain, ib. Pizarro, Francisco, conquers Peru, Prague, battle of, 219 90; his house crushed by Charles, Prices, rise of, 86, 89, 136 Provence, invasion of, 52, 53; pro Plate, River, exploration of, n ; mised to Bourbon, 52 ; Charles I navigation of, 404 invades, 71; invaded by Charles Pocock, Admiral, 395 Emmanuel, 383 Poland, disputed succession to, 371; Prussia acquires Guelders, 344 offered to Ferdinand for Don Puerto Rico, Dutch expelled from, Philip, 390 233 ; demanded by England, 406 Pole, Cardinal, 116 Pyrenees, Treaty of the, 278-280. Pombal, Marquis of, 404 Pomerania, assigned to Sweden at Miinster, 275 Quesnay, capture of, 276 Pontevedra, battle of, 355 Quevedo, Francisco de, 248 Population of Spain, in 1559, 136; Quifiones, Francisco, General of in 1600 and 1619, 221 ; under the Franciscans, 60 Charles III, 410 Quintin, Madame, 302

Index. 459 Rabago, Father, 386 Rochelle, siege of, 235; fall of, 236 Ramillies, battle of, 333 Rochford, Lord, 396 Ramirez, Francisco, 28 Rocroy, battle of, 267; taken by Rastadt, treaty of, 344 Cond£, 276 Ratisbon, treaty of, 306 Rodney, Admiral, relieves Gibraltar, Ravenna, 8, 45, 47, 62, 64 406; saves Jamaica, 407 Regidores, 18, 19 Rome, sacked by Bourbon's troops, Reggio, held by Ferrara, 62 59, 61, 101 Renard, Simon, Imperial ambassa Ronquillos, the, 307, 313, 340, 347 dor to Mary Tudor, 115, 116, Rooke, Sir George, 325, 329, 330 117 Rosas, Bay of, 112 Requesens y Zufiiga, Don Luis de, Rouen, siege of, 189 sent to the Netherlands, 160; Roussillon, Catalan character of, 2; calms the Southern provinces, mortgaged to Louis XI, ib.; final id.; dies, ib., 163 union with France under Louis Revenues, Crown, their sources, XIV, ib. 262, 280; ceded to 25-27; alienated by Philip I, Spain by Charles VIII, 6, 45; 32; under Philip II, 135; under overrun by Henry II, 103 Charles II, 286; under Philip V, Rudolph, Emperor, claims Cleves, 382; under Charles III, 410 216 Rhe, Fortress of, 286 Russia, and Poland, 371; joins in Rhodes, captured by the Turks, the 'armed neutrality,' 406 68; the Hospitallers expelled Ruthven, Raid of, 175 from, ib. Ruyter, De, Admiral, 292 Ribera, Archbishop of Valencia, 211 Ryswick, treaty of, 311 Richelieu, Cardinal, forms an anti- Spanish league, 232 ; invades the Sacramento, proposed cession of, Valtellina, ib.; gains over Eng 387; taken by Spain, 404; ceded land, ib.; takes Rochelle, 236; to her, ib. forms a second anti-Spanish Ste Aldegonde, Philip de, 145 league, 237; makes the treaty of St Andre, Marshal, 123 Cherasco, ib.; aided by Gustavus St Honore, 240 Adolphus, 238; subsidises the St Kitt's, 344 Dutch, 239; declares war on St Marguerite, 240 Spain and the Empire, ib. ; his St Omer, siege of, 241 successes, 240 ; twice attempts to St Philip, Castle of, 407 invade Spain, 241, 242; aids the Saint-Pol, Count of, defeated by Catalans, 259-263; dies, 263 Leyva, 62 — Armand, Duke of, 274 St Quentin, battle of, 122 — Louis, Duke of, 390 St Vincent, taken by England, 395 Ricla, Spanish general, 394 Salens, siege of, 242 Ridolfi's plot, 158 Salic Law, introduced by Philip V, Rimini, 62 347 Rincon, murder of, 74 San Domingo, 88, 277 Ripperda, Baron, 352; revives the San George, Duke of, 260 Spanish cloth trade, 364; nego San Guillain, capture of, 276 tiates the treaty of Vienna, ib.; San Juan, Prior of, 40, 41 falls, 365 ; prime minister of San Pol, 260 Morocco, 366, 370 Sande, Alvaro de, defends Los Robinet, Father, 348 Gelves, 138

460 Index.

Santa Catalina, 404 date for Elizabeth Tudor's hand, Santa Coloma, Viceroy of Catalonia, 124; a claimant to the Crown of 257, 258 Portugal, 167 Santa Cruz, Alvaro de Bazan, Savoy, Prince Thomas of, defeated at Marquis of, shares in the attack Avenne, 239; in Italy, 241, 250 on Algiers, 73; his conduct at — Victor Amadeus, Duke of, 311; Lepanto, 162; beats Don Antonio's joins the allies, 328 ; acquires fleet under Strozzi, 171, 176; Sicily as King, 344, 354; ex wishes to invade England, 176; changes it for Sardinia, 357 estimates the cost of invasion, Saxe, Marshal, 384 177; dies, 179 Saxony, John Frederic, Elector of, — Marquis of, 210, 237, 276, 335 captured at Muhlberg, 92 Santa Junta, the, at Avila, 36; Schellenberg, battle of, 329 petitions Charles I, 37, 38; dis Schomberg, Cardinal, 48 solved, 39, 40 — Marshal, before Rochelle, 236; Santa Lucia, taken by England, in Spain, 262, 292; in Portugal, 395 281, 282 Santiago (Spain), 34 Schulemburg, Count of, 384 Santiago, Order of, 14 Scotland, detached from the French Santiago de Cuba, 376 alliance, 8; Spanish intrigues Sardinia, conquered by Aragon, 4; with, 174-176, 193 captured by Leake, 337; retained Scotti, Marquis, 357 by Austria at Rastadt, 344; taken Sebastian, Don, King of Portugal, by Spain, 353; surrendered to his birth and parentage, 127; Savoy, 357 killed at Alcazar, 167 Sarmiento, captured by Spain, 395 Secretary of State, origin and func Sauvage, Chancellor, 33, 34 tions of, 82, 134 Savoy, French leanings of, 70; in Segovia, revolt of, 35, 36; a manu French hands, ib., 237; acquires facturing town, 83 Sicily, 344; acquires Sardinia, Selim, Sultan, attacks Cyprus, 161; 357 takes Nicosia, ib.; negotiates with — Charles Emmanuel, Duke of, Venice, ib.; defeated at Lepanto, marries Philip's daughter Cathe 162 rine, 178; enters Marseilles, 189; Semple, Colonel, 205 receives Saluzzo at the Peace of Seron, battle of, 155 Lyons, 215; seizes Mantua and Servicio, the, 21, 27 Montferrat and invades Lom Sessa, Duke of, Ambassador at bardy, 217; makes peace at Rome, 51, 52, 59; his death, 60 Pavia, ib.; joins Richelieu against — Don Carlos de, 130 Spain, 232; joins Spain, 236; Seville, the centre of Judaism and dies, 237 the Inquisition, 17; factions in, — Charles III, Duke of, marries 20; Audience of, 23; forms a Beatrice of Portugal, 68, 70; 'loyal union' with Cordoba, 39; receives Asti from Charles I, 65 ; manufactures of, 84, 88, 409 refuses the French passage through — treaty of, 367 Savoy, 70; at Nice, 74 Seymour, Lord Henry, 182 — Christine, Duchess of, Regent Sforza, Francesco, Duke of Milan, for her son, 250 4°> 5°> 56-58, 64, 70 — Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of, — Maximilian, Duke of Milan, wins St Quentin, 122; a candi established by Swiss arms, 8

Index. 461

Sheep-farming, 84, 85 90, 195 ; colonial trade of, 88; Shovell, Sir Cloudesley, 330 financial problems of, 89, 90, Sicily, its relation to Africa, 3; an 195; the people of, 107; friend Aragonese possession, 4; taxation ship with England necessary to, 0I> 37; revolt in, 46; conferred ib., 109,115; ruined by theNether- on Philip II, 118; ravaged by the lands, 109; economic condition of Turks, 137; revolt in, 292; ceded in 1548, 112; in 1559,133^.; in to Savoy, 344; taken by Spain, J559> r36; in 1600 and 1619, 221; 354; part of Charles Ill's king morals of, 170; poverty of, ib.t dom, 372 195, 240, 27r, 297; Moors ex Siena, admits the French, 96; the pelled from, 213; state of in 1621, French capitulate, 97 226; destruction of industry in, Sigismund, Archduke, replaces Don 244, 271; luxury in, 246; the Juan, 279 drama in, ib., 247; literature in, Siguenza, 35 ib.; state of under Charles II, Silesia, occupied by Frederic II, 285, 297, 303, 305, 310; revenues 377 of, 280 ; state of, under Philip V, Siliceo, see Pedernales. 35 r» 380-382 ; progress under Silk manufacture, among the Moors, Ferdinand,388~391; under Charles 83,210; in Seville and Toledo, 84; III, 402, 409,410; after his death, encouraged by Ensenada, 389 4H. Silva, Felipe de, 269 'Spanish Fury, the,' 164 Simancas, 40 Spes, De, 136 Sinan the Jew, 74 Speyer, Diet of, 74 Sisa, 80, 81, 135 Spinola, Marquis of, besieges Os Sixtus IV, his contest with the tend, 206; crosses the Rhine, ib.; Spanish Crown, 15 reduces the Lower Palatinate, Sixtus V, and the Scotch Catholics, 232; recovers the French con 177; promises money for the quests, 233 ; takes Breda, ib.; Armada, 178; excommunicates dies, 237 Henry IV, 186 Squillaci, Marquis of, 393; his Slave trade with America, England reforms, 397; dies, 398 secures the monopoly of, 344, Stafford, Thomas, 121 367> 374 Stanhope, William, Earl of Harring Sluys, taken by Maurice of Nassau, ton, ambassador at Madrid, 312, 206 316, 342, 343, 357, 358, 366 Soissons, Congress of, 367 Stanislaus, King of Poland, 371; Solyman, Sultan, 120 Lorraine assigned to, 372 Soria, envoy at Genoa, 61 Staremberg, Count of, 338, 342, 343 Soto, Fernando, his expedition to Strasburg, taken by Louis XIV, the Mississippi, 90, 91 3o5,3o6 — Pedro de, 93 Strozzi, Filippo, 71, 96, 171 South Sea Company, 374, 384 Subsidio, the, or clerical tenth, 27 Spain, consolidation of, 1, 2; foreign Sully, Due de, minister to Henry relations of, 3, 5; under Ferdi IV, 215; dismissed, 216 nand and Isabella, 30; military Sweden, receives Pomerania at Mini position and power, 46, 47; under ster, 275 ; intervenes between Charles I, 76, 80, 81; agriculture Louis XIV and Spain, 287; joins in, 84, 5; sheep farming in, ib.; the League of Augsburg, 307 economic difficulties of, 85-7, 89, Swiss, the, 8, 46, 49

462 Index.

Syracuse, battle of, 354; siege of, constitution, 18—20; revolt a- 37« gainst Charles I, 35; rise of the lesser gentry in, 80, 81; muni Talavera, Archb. of Granada, 17 cipal life destroyed, 133 Tallard, Marshal, 328, 329 Trapani, 372 Tamarit, 261 Traun, General, 378 Tangier, acquired by England, 281 Tr£mouille, Louis de la, 47 Tarragona, occupied by d'Epernon, Trent, Council of, meets, 91; alarms 260; Colonna besieged in, 261; Paul III, 92; Charles I's policy held by the Spaniards, 270 at, 94; transferred to Bologna, Tavara, Archbishop of Toledo, 105 ib.; reassembles in 1562, 142; Taverna, Bishop of Lodi, Nuncio its discussions, 142, 143; its reso in Spain, 172; expelled, 173 lutions published in Spain, 143 Taxation, 15, 21, 26, 27, 80, 87, 89, Triple Alliance, the, 288, 290, 357 9<>> 135, 136, 157, 179. 2IO> *28> Tripoli, acquired by Spain, 10; 245, 271, 381, 382, 388, 409 Hospitallers settled in, 68; cap Ter, battle of, 306 tured by the Turks, 137; Philip Terranova, Duchess of, 301 IPs expedition to, ib. Tesse, Marshal, 330, 331, 334, Tromp, Admiral Van, 242 337. 362, 363 Tunis, Muley Hassan driven from, Thionville, taken by Conde, 208 68; occupied by Barbarossa, 69; Thirlby, Dr, Bishop of Ely, 123 invaded by Charles I, ib.; Muley Thirty Years' War, begins, 218; Hassan restored, 70; captured by ends, 275 Don John, 160; recovered by the Tilly, John, Count de, 233, 235, Turks, ib. 238 Turenne, Marshal, joins the Span Tlemcen, Moorish kingdom of, 10, iards, 275; returns to France, 67 276; his Flemish campaigns, ib. Tobago, taken by England, 395 Turin, taken by the French, 70; Toledo, 33, 35, 42, 49, 83, 84 battle of, 333 — Don Fadrique de, 233 Turks, the allies of Francis I, 47, — Don Garcia de, captures Pefion, 70-74; threaten the Empire and 139; Viceroy of Sicily, ib.; re Catholicism, 63; advance on Vi lieves Malta, 140; governor to enna, 66; retreat, ib.; gain the Don Carlos, 148 suzerainty of Algiers, 67; the — Don Pedro de, Viceroy of fleet attacks Nice, 74; make a Naples, 95 truce with Ferdinand, 91; overrun — Don Pedro de, Constable of Minorca and capture Tripoli, 137; Castile, 217, 218 defeat Philip's fleet, 138; besiege Tordesillas, 36, 40 Mers-el-Kebir, ib.; besiege Malta, Torrecusa, C Carraciolo, Marquis 139,140; attack Venice, 16 r; cap of, repulsed from Barcelona, 261; ture Cyprus, ib.; defeated at Le at Rosas, 263 panto, 162; recover Tunis and Torres, Count de las, 366 Goletta, 163; Philip III and Tortosa, 343 Persia attack, 210; struggle with Toul, taken by Henry II, 92 the Empire, 283, 307, 311, 352 Toulouse, seized by the Spanish, Tuscany, assigned to the Dukes of 189 Lorraine, 372 — Count de, 330, 334 — Duke of, 359 Towns, Castilian, their origin, and Tuttlinghen, battle of, 268

Index. 463 Tuy, Province of, proposed exchange lion in, 77, 78; manufactures of, 387 of, 84; Moors expelled from, Tyrone, Hugh O'Neil, Earl of, in 210-213; the Cortes crushed by trigues with Spain, 203; aided Philip IV, 235; proclaims Charles by del Aguila, 204; defeated by VI (III), 331 Mountjoy, ib. Valenciennes, 144 — John killed at Barcelona, 260 Valenzuela, Don Juan, his rise, 295, 296; arrest and death of, 298 Uceda, Duke of, son of Lerma, Valladolid, 23, 77, 83, 200 plots against his father, 220; falls Valparaiso, Count de, 387 and dies, 225 Valtellina, the, disputed by France Ulm, 329 and Spain, 229, 231; overrun by United Provinces, join Richelieu the French, 232, 233; recovered against Spain, 232; harry Spanish by Feria, 233; settlement of, ib. commerce, 233; subsidised by Vargas, Alonso de, 192 Richelieu, 239; prosperity of, — Juan de, Philip s ambassador 240; Spain recognises the inde at the Council of Trent, 142 pendence of, 275; trade of the Vasconcellos, Secretary, 252-254 Indies opened to, ib.; intervene Vasquez, Mateo, 169, 190, 191 between Louis XIV and Spain, Vauban, Marshal, 291, 306 287; attacked by Louis, 291; al Vaucelles, treaty of, 119-121 lied with England, 293; make VeedoreSi 24 peace, id.; united with England Vega, Lope de, 247 under William III, 308; formally Velasco, Constable of Castile, 206 recognise Philip V, 322; form a — Don Francisco de, 311; sur league with William, 325; ac renders Barcelona, 332 quire the 'frontier towns,' 344; Velez, Marquis de los, slaughters join the alliance against Alberoni, the Moorish rebels, 154 355; treat for peace, 357 — Marquis de los, sent to crush Urbino, Duke of, 58, 62, 65 the Catalans, 259; makes terms Urgel, 309, 355 with d'Epernon, 260; viceroy of Urraca, 313 Sicily, 273 Ursinos, Princess of, adviser of Venables, Robert, 277 Marie Louise, 322, 323; outwits Vend6me, House of, jealous of the Louis XIV, 327; forced to re Guises, .132 tire, 330; recalled, 331; revolt — Marshal, takes Barcelona, 311; against, 339; rules Philip after in Italy, 324, 333; in the Nether his wife's death, 347; arranges lands, 337; defeated at Oude- his second marriage, 348; ban narde, 338; wins Brihuega and ished by Elizabeth, 349 Villa-Viciosa, 343; dies, 348 Ustariz, Jerome, encourages indus Venezuela, colonisation of, 88 try, 380 Venice, 9, 50, 56, 58, 61, 62, 64, 73, Utrecht, peace of, 344 121, 161, 217, 218, 237, 335 — League of, 6, 9 Valdes, Alfonso and Juan, defend — treaty of, 364 Charles I, 61 Vera Cruz, trade with, 88, 374 — Don Pedro de, 182 Verdun, taken by Henry II, 92 Valencia, resists the Inquisition, 18; Vernon, Admiral, sacks Porto Bello, does not recognise Charles I, 34; 374; attacks Cartagena and Sant rising in, 42, 44; Moorish rebel iago de Cuba, 376

464 Index.

Viana, battle of, 168 Weimar, Duke of, 241 Vicariate of Italy, the, conferred by Welser, House of, 88 Charles I on Philip, 97, 108 Wentworth, General, 375 Victor Amadeus, Duke of Savoy, — Lord, loses Calais, 122 King of Sicily and Sardinia, see William III of England, defends Savoy Holland, 291, 292; makes peace Vienna, treaties of, 1725, 364, 365; with Louis, 293; marries Mary i73i, 368; 1736. 373. . of York, ib.; becomes King of Vigevano, ceded to Sardinia, 379 England, 308; his policy, ib.; Vigo, 326, 355 defeats James II, ib.; defeated at Villadarias, Marquis of, 330, 34* Neerwinden, 311; takes Namur, Villa-hermosa, Duke of, 292 ib.; recognised by Louis at Rys- Villalar, battle of, 41, 42, 76, 78, 80 wick, ib.; makes the Partition Villamediana, Count de, 205 Treaties, 314, 316; resents Louis' Villa Mediana, Count de, 249 recognition of the Pretender, 322; Villarias, Marquis of, 383, 385 forms a league with Holland, Villars, Marshal, 300, 305, 328, 337, Denmark, and the Empire, 325; 339» 34L 344 dies, ib. — Madame de, 297, 300, 301 Wimbledon, Lord, 232 Villa-Viciosa, battle of, 343 Winwood, Sir Ralph, 215, 229 Villeroy, Marshal, 324, 333 Wolsey, Cardinal, 52, 55, 75 Worms, Diet of, 49 Wager, Sir Charles, 368 — treaty of, 379 Waldeck, Prince of, 308 Wotton, Dr, 123 Wall, Richard, Spanish ambassador Wurtemberg, Duke of, 65 in London, 386; recalled and restored, 387; minister of State, Ximenes, Cardinal, see Jimenez ib., 393; exposes Ensenada, 388; his peace policy, 389; retires, Yorktown, 407 Yuste, Charles I retires to, 118 Wallenstein,Albrecht,defeats Mans- feld, 235; defeated at Lutzen, 238; Zamora, 20, 35, 81 murdered, ib. Zaragoza, 18, 336, 337, 342 Walpole, Sir Robert, opposes war Zeeland, 145, 159, 160 with Spain, 374, 376 , Zumel, Dr, 33, 40

CAMBRIDGE I PRINTED BY W. LEWIS, M.A., AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS