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Publications de la Mission Archéologique Française de Ras Shamra-Ougarit sous la direction de Marguerite YON Déjà parus dans la même série Ras Shamra-Ougarit : RSO I : O. CALLOT, Une maison à Ougarit, Études d ’architecture domestique, 1983. RSO II : D. PARDEE, Les textes hippiatriques, 1986. RSO III : M. YON et alii, Le Centre de la ville, 38-44e campagnes (1978-1984), 1987. RSO IV : D. PARDEE, Les textes para-mythologiques de la 24e campagne (1961), 1988. RSO V : La Trouvaille épigraphique de VOugarit (= TEO) : 1 : P. BORDREUIL, D. PARDEE et alii, Concordance, 1989. 2 : J.-L. CUNCHILLOS, Bibliographie, 1990. RSO VI : M. YON et alii, Arts et industries de la pierre, 1991. RSO VII : P. BORDREUIL et alii, Une bibliothèque au sud de la ville, Les textes de la 34e campagne (1973), 1991. RSO VIII : H. de CONTENSON, Préhistoire de Ras Shamra, Les sondages stratigraphiques de 1955 à 1976, 2 vol. (texte et illustrations), 1992. RSO IX : P. A M IET, Corpus des cylindres de Ras Shamra-Ougarit, II : Sceaux-cylindre s en hématite et pierres diverses, 1992. RSO X : O. CALLOT, La tranchée « Ville Sud », Études d ’architecture domestique, 1994. ISBN 2-"86538-253-2 La loi du 11 mars 1957 interdit les copies ou reproductions destinées à une utilisation collective. Toute représentation ou reproduction intégrale ou partielle faite par quelque procédé que ce soit, sans le consentement de l’auteur ou de ses ayants cause, est illicite et constitue une contrefaçon sanctionnée par les articles 425 et suivants du Code pénal. ©Éditions Recherche sur les Civilisations — 1995 ADPF 28, rue de Bourgogne — 75007 PARIS RAS SHAMRA-OUGARIT XI LE PAYS D’OUGARIT AUTOUR DE 1200 AV. J.-C. Histoire et archéologie Actes du Colloque International Paris, 28 juin - I er juillet 1993 Édités par Marguerite YON, Maurice SZNYCER et Pierre BORDREUIL Éditions Recherche sur les Civilisations Paris 1995 SOMMAIRE Marguerite Y on et Maurice S znycer : Avant-Propos......................................................................... 7 Jean Leclant : Adresse aux participants................................................................................................... 9 Maurice Sznycer : Introduction...................................................................................................................... 11 I. B ilan et perspectives Marguerite Y on : Les activités 1978-1993 de la mission archéologique française.............. 15 Pierre B ordreuil et Dennis Pardee : L’épigraphie ougaritique : 1973-1993 ........................ 27 Florence Ma l b r a n -L abat : L’épigraphie akkadienne. Rétrospective et perspectives........ 33 Cyrus H. G ordon : Sixty years in ugaritology...................................................................................... 41 II. Le royaume d Ougarit et le contexte proche-oriental Mario Liverani : Le royaume d'O ugarit................................................................................................... 47 M ichael C. ASTOUR : La topographie du royaume d ’O ugarit.......................................................... 55 Ali A bou A ssa f : Ougarit et les relations com m erciales.................................................................. 73 Sylvie LACKENBACHER : Une correspondance entre l’administration du pharaon Merneptah et le roi d ’O ugarit....................................................................................................................................... 77 René Lebrun : Ougarit et le Hatti à la fin du x m e s. av. J.-C..................................................... 85 Mirjo Salvini : Ougarit et les Hourrites.................................................................................................... 89 Annie Caubet et Valérie M atoïan : Ougarit et l'É gée...................................................................... 99 III. L es derniers temps de l histoire du royaume Mario Liverani : La fin d’Ougarit : quand ? pourquoi ? comment ................................... 113 Alan M illard : The last tablets of U garit.......................................................................... ..................... 119 Oswald Loretz : Les Serdcm ü et la fin d’Ougarit. À propos des documents d’Égypte, de Byblos et d’Ougarit relatifs aux Shardana..................................................................................... 125 Annexe de Jochem Kahl : Les témoignages textuels égyptiens sur les Shardana........... 137 Jacques et Elisabeth Lagarce : Ras Ibn Hani au Bronze R écen t................................................ 141 IV. T errain et m onum ents O livier C allot et Marguerite Y on : Urbanisme et architecture.................................................... 155 Yves Calvet et Bernard G eyer : Environnement et ressources en eau dans la région d ’O ugarit.......................................................................................................................................................... 169 Jean-Claude MARGUERON : Le Palais royal d’Ougarit. Premiers résultats d’une analyse systém atique................................................................................................................................................... 183 Jean-Michel de Tarr ag on : Temples et pratiques rituelles............................................................. 203 Gabriel Sa a d É : Le port d ’O ugarit................................................................................................................ 211 Pierre Lom bard : Contexte archéologique et données épigraphiques. Quelques réflexions sur l’interprétation du gisem ent de 1973-1992............................................................................. 227 V. A spects de la culture ougaritique Pierre A miet : Les sceaux-cylindres de Ras Shamra au IIe m illénaire....................................... 239 Jacqueline G achet : Les ivoires inscrits du Palais royal.................................................................. 245 Felice Israël : Études de grammaire ougaritique. La dernière phase de la langue............ 255 Albert F. H. NACCACHE : 'Am m urafi’ et ses co u sin s........................................................................... 263 Casius /Jabal al Aqra Mt Sapanou / Hazzi P i f Halba Kassab Mt Nanou lt§f Anti Casius Ras e -Basit Bdama t Magdala Kfarié Ougarit/ Minet el-Beida Ras,Sfîamra Mahadou J Ras Ibn Hani Appou (?) Birouti (?) Yaartu Ouskanou Yarté • Rou casat al - Amir Lattaquié • llstm Stamo Qala'at al ■ Rouss Atallig / - • Gb° ly \ Jablé Souksi Tell Soukas Moulkou (?) Mi Arab al - Moulk > SIYANOU 25 km plus de 1200 m de 600 à 1000 m de 0 à 300 m de 1000 à 1200 m de 300 à 600 m Carte du royaume d'Ougarit. AVANT-PROPOS Nous sommes heureux de présenter ici les Actes du Colloque international « Le pays d'Ougariî autour de 1200 avant J.-C. Histoire et Archéologie », qui s'est tenu à Paris, au Collège de France, du 28 juin au 1er juillet 1993. Il nous faut, tout d'abord, remercier tous ceux qui ont contribué à l'organisation de cette rencontre réunissant une trentaine de spécialistes, français et étrangers, dont les exposés sur des sujets bien délimités, dans le cadre du thème général, ont été suivis tous les jours par un public nombreux et attentif. Nous mentionnerons, en premier lieu, M. André Caquot, Professeur au Collège de France, à qui ce volume est dédié, ainsi que M. André Miquel, Administrateur du Collège de France, qui a bien voulu mettre à notre disposition plusieurs salles de son établissement, et qui a honoré de sa présence la séance d'inauguration. A la même séance, M. Jean Leclant, Secrétaire perpétuel de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, nous a fait l'honneur de prononcer une « Adresse aux participants » qui ouvre ce volume. Les moyens financiers nous ont été fournis en grande partie par le CNRS, représenté par M. Michel Gras, Directeur Scientifique adjoint des Sciences Humaines et Sociales, et par Mme Mireille Corbier, présidente de la section 32 du Comité National. Nous avons été aidés également par le Ministère français des Affaires Étrangères, et nous en remercions M. Yves Saint-Geours. Nous remercions aussi la Fondation Hugot du Collège de France, et les autres institutions qui ont participé à l'organisation : les missions archéologiques de Ras Shamra-Ougarit et de Ras Ibn Hani, le Département des Antiquités orientales du musée du Louvre, l'École des Langues et Civilisations de l'Orient Ancien de l'institut Catholique, ainsi que le Centre culturel de l'Ambassade de Syrie en France. Mais si ce colloque a été un succès, il le doit avant tout à la participation d'éminents spécialistes qui, venus parfois de loin, ont pris une part active aux travaux en présentant des communications ou des rapports (dont on lira le texte dans le présent volume), en intervenant dans les discussions, ou encore en présidant une réunion particulière comme ce fut le cas du Professeur Vassos Karageorghis (Université de Chypre), parfait connaisseur de l'archéologie de la Méditerranée orientale à l'Age du Bronze Récent, qui a animé une Table Ronde dont les exposés et les débats ont été suivis avec intérêt. Plusieurs collègues étrangers, répondant à notre appel, ont mis leurs compétences respectives à la disposition du colloque ; parmi eux, le doyen des études ougaritiques, le Professeur Cyrus Gordon, qui a fêté avec nous son quatre- vingt-cinquième anniversaire, nous a présenté d'une manière souvent pittoresque ses soixante années d'ougaritologie, confirmant qu'il n'a rien perdu de sa verve habituelle, proposant des hypothèses parfois
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